Recent and future research for the fire safety of hydrogen-fueled vehicles in JARI

Appearance of Hy-SEF

Recent and future research for the fire safety of hydrogen-fueled vehicles in JARI

Appearance of Hy-SEF

Most of recent studies for the hydrogen fuelled vehicles in Japan are closely related to the national projects aiming promotion of commercialization of fuel cell vehicles.The project is mainly organized by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization).JARI plays an important role related to NEDO project. Research and data acquisition activities for safety of hydrogen fuelled vehicle are extensively carried out in JARI.

Focus on hydrogen fire safety in JARI Recent study

◦ Safety assessment of feared items in firefighting Soundness and behavior of the storage system exposed to

discharge water The spread of fire from adjoining vehicles to a HFCV

◦ Validation of the safety standard of a HFCV Development of a burner for localized fire test and validation

Future study◦ Study on accident correspondence of HFCV

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Focus on hydrogen fire safety in JARI Recent study

◦ Safety assessment of feared items in firefighting Soundness and behavior of the storage system exposed

to discharge water The spread of fire from adjoining vehicles to a HFCV

◦ Validation of the safety standard of a HFCV Development of a burner for localized fire test and validation

Future study◦ Study on accident correspondence of HFCV

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In fire fighting activity for the vehicle fire, if water is used to extinguish fire, several fears are considered.◦For example The weakening of the tank by heat shock. The reclosing of TPRD.

We investigate the study to confirm the soundness of the tank in such situation.

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Bonfire testExposure time

① PRD Activated time② 5minitute(Not pressurized)③ 8minitute(Not pressurized)

Burst test

Water

Natural cooling

New tank

Cooling timing: A tank was cooled by water spray After PRD activated.

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The tank cooled by water spray after PRD activated no cooling

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Pres

sure

[MPa

]

Tem

pera

ture

[℃]

Time [sec]

PRD [℃ ]

Pressure[MPa]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Pres

sure

[MPa

]

Tem

pera

ture

[℃]

Time [sec]

PRD[℃]Pressure[MPa]

PRD activated PRD activated

The reclosing of PRD

Emergency vent 　 valve opened

PRD reclosed by water spray.

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 2 4 6 8 10

Burs

t pre

ssur

e[M

Pa]

Fire exposure time [min.]

Spraying water

Unforced cooling

Time of PRD activation

Burst

Burst

Crack in Liner

Screw damage

Screw damage

Bursting pressure of water cooling cases are equal to or greater than that of air cooling cases. It means water cooling does not damage the tank.

This point was conducted on the fire exposure burst test of tank without PRD.

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The experiments clarified The spraying water during activation of the fused

metal type PRD may result in closure of the PRD. But the spraying water is useful for maintaining

the strength of CFRP composite tanks.

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Focus on hydrogen fire safety in JARI Recent study

◦ Safety assessment of feared items in firefighting Soundness and behavior of the storage system exposed

to discharge water The spread of fire from adjoining vehicles to a HFCV

◦ Validation of the safety standard of a HFCV Development of a burner for localized fire test and validation

Future study◦ Study on accident correspondence of HFCV

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September 12,11:40-12:00 Session 2A: Risk Assessment – Safety Paper ID No.153

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Fire test on juxtaposed gasoline vehicle and HFCV

Multiple-HFCV fire test assuming a car carrier

Focus on hydrogen fire safety in JARI Recent study

◦ Safety assessment of feared items in firefighting Soundness and behavior of the storage system exposed

to discharge water The spread of fire from adjoining vehicles to a HFCV

◦ Validation of the safety standard of a HFCV Development of a burner for localized fire test and validation

Future study◦ Study on accident correspondence of HFCV

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Temperature -time profiles for a localized fire test

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3 8

800

Localized Fire Engulfing Fire

Time (minutes)10

Region of localized impact

Regions of localized and engulfing fire

impact

600

Min

imum

tem

pera

ture

(0C

)

250± 50mm

100m

m 25± 10mm

Thermocouple 1650mm max length

TPRD

　

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560 oC

460 oC

360 oC

260 oC

160oC

Localized fire

Engulfing fire

Propane burner for localized fire test IR image of cyliner surface

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Pre

ssur

e [M

Pa]

Tem

pera

ture

[o C

]

Time [min.]

B1B2B3B4B5Pressure

Extinguish

Flame temperature and pressure

Focus on hydrogen fire safety in JARI Recent study

◦ Safety assessment of feared items in firefighting Soundness and behavior of the storage system exposed

to discharge water The spread of fire from adjoining vehicles to a HFCV

◦ Validation of the safety standard of a HFCV Development of a burner for localized fire test and validation

Future study◦ Study on accident correspondence of HFCV

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Accident

Injured person?

Movement of vehicle（To traffic safety）

Rescue call

Can you rescue?

Rescue

Accidentinvestigation

Movement of vehicle

Rescue call

Rescue

Rescue call

Movement of vehicle(To traffic safety)

No

Yes

No

Yes

※ Rescue third party

Rescue by rescue team

The dismantling of the vehicle

Finish

Hydrogen leak?

Can you stop a leak?

Can you move vehicle ever if you not stop a leak?

Released or filled?

Hydrogen leak?

Can you stop a leak?

Can you dismantle it even if you do not stop a leak?

Hydrogen leak?

Can you save injured person even if you do not stop a

leak?

Can you stop a leak?

Can you save injured person even if you do not stop a leak?

Can you move vehicle ever if you not stop a leak?

Can you move vehicle ever if you not stop a leak?

JAMA-JARI extracted a necessary problem after the collisions and fire of HFCV.

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Did PRD activate? Method to confirm the activation of PRDIs there hydrogen leak?Relationship of the minimum audible pressure and flow rate for hydrogen leakage

Can you stop leak?Study of the technique to stop hydrogen leakageMethod to identify of the leak point from remotenessCan you move vehicle or rescue ever if you not stop a leak?Relationship between hydrogen diffusion and wind speedSafety evaluation of the high pressure pipe cutting

Release or Filling at the public road?Method to identify the soundness of the vesselSafety method to release the gas of the vesselHow should we approach vehicle after crush or fire ?Method to narrow a safe distanceExplosion direction of a weakened vessel

Etc…

The goal of these research is 2013Y.

The research in JARI is considered about conditions to be encountered in real world situation widely.

It is desired that these acquired data are applied effectively to develop global safety strategies.

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