recap accounting process prepared by mubashar majeed
TRANSCRIPT
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Recap Accounting Process
Prepared by Mubashar majeed
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Introduction to Financial Statements
• Companies prepare interim financial statements
• and annual financial statements.
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Introduction to Financial Statements
Three primary financial
statements.Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Statement of Cash FlowsWe will use a corporation
to describe these statements.
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© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Introduction to Financial StatementsIntroduction to Financial Statements
Describes where the enterprise stands at a
specific date.
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Statement of Cash Flows
Depicts the revenue and
expenses for a designated
period of time.
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The Concept of the Business Entity
Vagabond Travel Agency
A business entity is
separate from the personal affairs of its
owner.
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Assets and Liabilities
• Assets are economic resources that are owned by the business and are expected to provide positive future cash flows.
• Liabilities are debts that represent negative future cash flows for the enterprise.
• Owners’ equity represents the owner’s claim to the assets of the business.
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Vagabond Travel AgencyBalance Sheet
December 31, 2002Assets Liabilities & Owners' Equity
Cash 22,500$ Liabilities:Notes receivable 10,000 Notes payable 41,000$ Accounts receivable 60,500 Accounts payable 36,000 Supplies 2,000 Salaries payable 3,000 Land 100,000 Total liabilities 80,000$ Building 90,000 Owners' EquityOffice equipment 15,000 Capital stock 150,000
Retained earnings 70,000 Total 300,000$ Total 300,000$
The Accounting Equation
Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity
$300,000 = $80,000 + $220,000
Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity
$300,000 = $80,000 + $220,000
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AA = LL + OEOEASSETSASSETS
Debit for
Increase
Credit for
Decrease
EQUITIESEQUITIES
Debit for
Decrease
Credit for
Increase
LIABILITIESLIABILITIES
Debit for
Decrease
Credit for
Increase
Debits and credits affect accounts as follows:
Debits and credits affect accounts as follows:
Debit and Credit Rules
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AA = LL + OEOEDebit
balancesCredit Credit
balancesbalances=In the double-entry accounting system, every transaction is recorded by equal dollar amounts of debits and credits.
In the double-entry accounting system, every transaction is recorded by equal dollar amounts of debits and credits.
Double Entry AccountingThe Equality of Debits and Credits
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May 1: Jill Jones and her family invested $8,000 in JJ’s Lawn Care Service and received 800 shares of stock.
May 1: Jill Jones and her family invested $8,000 in JJ’s Lawn Care Service and received 800 shares of stock.
Will Cash increase or decrease?
Will Capital Stock increase or decrease?
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Capital Stock5/1 8,000
Cash5/1 8,000
May 1: Jill Jones and her family invested $8,000 in JJ’s Lawn Care Service and received 800 shares of stock.
May 1: Jill Jones and her family invested $8,000 in JJ’s Lawn Care Service and received 800 shares of stock.
Cash increases $8,000 with a debit.
Capital Stock increases $8,000
with a credit.
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May 2: JJ’s purchased a riding lawn mower for $2,500 cash.
May 2: JJ’s purchased a riding lawn mower for $2,500 cash.
Will Cash increase or decrease?
Will Tools & Equipment increase
or decrease?
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May 2: JJ’s purchased a riding lawn mower for $2,500 cash.
May 2: JJ’s purchased a riding lawn mower for $2,500 cash.
Tools & Equipment5/2 2,500
Cash5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500
Cash decreases $2,500 with a credit.
Tools & Equipment increases $2,500
with a debit.
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May 8: JJ’s purchased a $15,000 truck. JJ’s paid $2,000 down in cash and issued a note payable for the remaining $13,000.
May 8: JJ’s purchased a $15,000 truck. JJ’s paid $2,000 down in cash and issued a note payable for the remaining $13,000.
Will Truck increase or decrease?
Will Cash and Notes Payable
increase or decrease?
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May 8: JJ’s purchased a $15,000 truck. JJ’s paid $2,000 down in cash and issued a note payable for the remaining $13,000.
May 8: JJ’s purchased a $15,000 truck. JJ’s paid $2,000 down in cash and issued a note payable for the remaining $13,000.
Truck5/8 15,000
Cash5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500
5/8 2,000
Notes Payable5/8 13,000
Truck increases $15,000 with a debit.
Cash decreases $2,000 with a credit.
Notes Payable increases $13,000
with a credit.
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In an actual accounting system, transactions are initially recorded in the journal.
In an actual accounting system, transactions are initially recorded in the journal.
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
2003
May 1 Cash 8,000
Capital Stock 8,000
Owners invest cash in the business.
The Journal
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Posting involves copying
information from the
journal to the ledger
accounts.
Posting Journal Entries to the Ledger Accounts
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The Ledger
The entire group of accounts is kept
together in an accounting record
called a ledger.
The entire group of accounts is kept
together in an accounting record
called a ledger.
Cash
Accounts Payable
Capital Stock
Accounts are individual records showing increases
and decreases.
Accounts are individual records showing increases
and decreases.
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The Use of Accounts
Increases are recorded on one
side of the T-account, and decreases are
recorded on the other side.
Left or
Debit Side
Right or
Credit Side
Title of Account
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Cash5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500
5/25 75 5/8 2,0005/29 750 5/28 150
5/31 50 5/31 4,125Bal.
Cash5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500
5/25 75 5/8 2,0005/29 750 5/28 150
5/31 50 5/31 4,125Bal.
Receipts are on the debit
side.
Payments are on the credit
side.
The balance is the difference between the
debit and credit entries in the account.
The balance is the difference between the
debit and credit entries in the account.
Debit and Credit Entries
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GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
2003
May 1 Cash 8,000
Capital Stock 8,000
Owners invest cash in the business.General LedgerCash
Date Debit Credit Balance2003
May 1 8,000 8,000
Posting Journal Entries to the Ledger Accounts
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GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
2003
May 1 Cash 8,000
Capital Stock 8,000
Owners invest cash in the business.General LedgerCapital Stock
Date Debit Credit Balance2003
May 1 8,000 8,000
Posting Journal Entries to the Ledger Accounts
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General LedgerCash
Date Debit Credit Balance2003
May 1 8,000 8,000 2 2,500 5,500
This ledger format is referred to as a running balance (as opposed to simple
T accounts).
This ledger format is referred to as a running balance (as opposed to simple
T accounts).
Ledger Accounts After Posting
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Net income is not an asset it’s an increase in owners’ equity from profits of the business.
Net income is not an asset it’s an increase in owners’ equity from profits of the business.
AA = LL + OEOEIncrease Decrease Increase
Either (or both) of these effects occur as net income
is earned . . .
. . . but this is what “net income”
really means.
What is Net Income?
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AA = LL + OEOERetained Earnings
Capital Stock
Retained Earnings
The balance in the Retained Earnings account represents the total net income of the corporation over the entire lifetime of the business, less all amounts which have been distributed to the stockholders as
dividends.
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Revenue and ExpensesThe price for goods sold and services rendered during a given accounting period.
Increases owner’s equity.
The costs of goods and services used up in the process of earning revenue.
Decreases owner’s equity.
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The Realization Principle: When To Record Revenue
Realization Principle
Revenue should be recognized at the
time goods are sold and services are
rendered.
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The Matching Principle: When To Record Expenses
Matching Principle
Expenses should be recorded in the
period in which they are used up.
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Debits and Credits for Revenue and ExpenseEQUITIESEQUITIES
Debit for
Decrease
Credit for
Increase
REVENUESREVENUES
Debit for
Decrease
Credit for
Increase
EXPENSESEXPENSES
Credit for
Decrease
Debit for
Increase
Expenses decrease owner’s equity.
Revenues increase owner’s equity.
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Let’s analyze the revenue, and
expense transactions for JJ’s Lawn Care Service for the month of May.
We will also analyze a dividend
transaction.
Let’s analyze the revenue, and
expense transactions for JJ’s Lawn Care Service for the month of May.
We will also analyze a dividend
transaction.
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May 29: JJ’s provided lawn care services for a client and received $750 in cash.
May 29: JJ’s provided lawn care services for a client and received $750 in cash.
Will Cash increase or decrease?
Will Sales Revenue increase or decrease?
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Sales Revenue5/29 750
May 29: JJ’s provided lawn care services for a client and received $750 in cash.
May 29: JJ’s provided lawn care services for a client and received $750 in cash.
Cash increases $750 with a debit.
Sales Revenue increases $750 with
a credit.
Cash5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500
5/29 750 5/8 2,000
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May 31: JJ’s purchased gasoline for the lawn mower and the truck for $50 cash.
May 31: JJ’s purchased gasoline for the lawn mower and the truck for $50 cash.
Will Cash increase or decrease?
Will Gasoline Expense increase or
decrease?
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Gasoline Expense5/31 50
May 31: JJ’s purchased gasoline for the lawn mower and the truck for $50 cash.
May 31: JJ’s purchased gasoline for the lawn mower and the truck for $50 cash.
Cash decreases $50 with a credit.
Gasoline Expense increases $50 with a
debit.
Cash5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500
5/29 750 5/8 2,000 5/31 50
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May 31: JJ’s Lawn Care paid Jill Jones and her family a $200 dividend.
May 31: JJ’s Lawn Care paid Jill Jones and her family a $200 dividend.
Will Cash increase or decrease?
Will Dividends increase or decrease?
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Dividends5/31 200
May 31: JJ’s Lawn Care paid Jill Jones and her family a $200 dividend.
May 31: JJ’s Lawn Care paid Jill Jones and her family a $200 dividend.
Cash decreases $200 with a credit.
Dividends increase $200 with a debit.
Cash5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500
5/29 750 5/8 2,000 5/31 50 5/31 200
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Now, let’s look at the Trial Balance
for JJ’s Lawn Care Service for the month of May.
Now, let’s look at the Trial Balance
for JJ’s Lawn Care Service for the month of May.
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JJ's Lawn Care Service Unadjusted Trial Balance
May 31, 2003
Cash 3,925$ Accounts receivable 75 Tools & equipment 2,650 Truck 15,000 Notes payable 13,000$ Accounts payable 150 Capital stock 8,000 Dividends 200 Sales revenue 750 Gasoline expense 50 Total 21,900$ 21,900$
All balances are taken from
the ledger accounts on May 31 after
considering all of JJ’s
transactions for the month.
Proves equality of debits and
credits.
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Journalize transactions.
Post entries to the ledger accounts.
Prepare trial balance.
Make end-of-year
adjustments.
Prepare adjusted trial balance.
Prepare financial
statements.
Prepare after closing trial balance.
Journalize and post closing
entries.
The Accounting Cycle
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Adjusting Entries
• THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE:
• Accruals and Deferrals
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At the end of the period, we need to
make adjusting entries to get the accounts up to date for the financial
statements.
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Adjusting
entries areneeded whenever
revenue or expenses
affect more than oneaccounting
period.
Every adjusting
entry involves a change in either a
revenue or expense and an asset
or liability.
Adjusting Entries
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Types of adjustment
• Two types of adjustment• 1- Deferrals• Result from prepayments made or received • E.g. Payment of six month rent paid or received
• 2- Accrual• These are items are unrecorded , unpaid or not
yet received • E.g. Salaries payable, Services revenue receivable
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Adjustment
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Rules for Adjusting Entries
• Affect 1 Income statement account• Affect 1 balance sheet account• Cash account is never be involved
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Jan. 1 Dec. 31
$2,400 Insurance Policy Coverage for 12 Months
$200 Monthly Insurance Expense
On January 1, Webb Co. purchased a one-year insurance policy for $2,400.
On January 1, Webb Co. purchased a one-year insurance policy for $2,400.
Converting Assets to Expenses
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GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
Jan. 1 Unexpired Insurance 2,400
Cash 2,400
Purchase a one-year insurance policy.
Initially, costs that benefit more than one accounting period are recorded as assets. Initially, costs that benefit more than one
accounting period are recorded as assets.
Converting Assets to Expenses
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The costs are expensed as they are used to generate revenue.
The costs are expensed as they are used to generate revenue.
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
Monthly Adjusting Entry for Insurance
Jan. 31 Insurance Expense 200
Unexpired Insurance 200
Insurance expense for January.
Converting Assets to Expenses
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Insurance Expense1/31 200
Unexpired Insurance1/1 2,400 1/31 200
Bal. 2,200
Income Statement
Cost of assets used this period to generate revenue.
Income Statement
Cost of assets used this period to generate revenue.
Balance Sheet
Cost of assets that benefit
future periods.
Balance Sheet
Cost of assets that benefit
future periods.
Converting Assets to Expenses
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Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of a depreciable asset to
expense.
Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of a depreciable asset to
expense.
Depreciable assets are physical objects that retain their size and shape but lose
their economic usefulness over time.
Depreciable assets are physical objects that retain their size and shape but lose
their economic usefulness over time.
The Concept of Depreciation
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On May 2, 2003, JJ’s Lawn Care Service purchased a lawn mower with a useful
life of 50 months for $2,500 cash.
Using the straight-line method, calculate the monthly depreciation expense.
$2,50050
=$50$50
Depreciationexpense (per
period)=
Cost of the assetEstimated useful life
Depreciation Is Only an Estimate
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JJ’s Lawn Care Service would make the following adjusting entry.
JJ’s Lawn Care Service would make the following adjusting entry.
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPRDebit Credit
May 31 Depreciation Expense: Tools & Eq. 50
Accumulated Depreciation: Tools & Eq. 50
To record one month's depreciation.
Contra-asset Contra-asset
Depreciation Is Only an Estimate
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JJ’s $15,000 truck is depreciated over 60 months as follows:
JJ’s $15,000 truck is depreciated over 60 months as follows:
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPRDebit Credit
May 31 Depreciation Expense: Truck 250
Accumulated Depreciation: Truck 250
To record one month's depreciation.
$15,00060 months = $250 per month$15,00060 months = $250 per month
Depreciation Is Only an Estimate
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Accumulated depreciation would appear on the balance sheet as
follows:
Accumulated depreciation would appear on the balance sheet as
follows:
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Prior Periods Current Period Future Periods
TransactionCollected from customers in
advance (creates a liability).
TransactionCollected from customers in
advance (creates a liability).
End of Current Period
Adjusting Entry Recognize portion earned as revenue, and Reduce balance of liability account.
Adjusting Entry Recognize portion earned as revenue, and Reduce balance of liability account.
Converting Liabilities to Revenue
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Examples Include:
Airline Ticket Sales
Sports Teams’ Sales of Season Tickets
Converting Liabilities to Revenue
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Jan. 1 Dec. 31
$6,000 Rental Contract Coverage for 12 Months
$500 Monthly Rental Revenue
On January 1, Webb Co. received $6,000 in advance for a one-year rental contract.
On January 1, Webb Co. received $6,000 in advance for a one-year rental contract.
Converting Liabilities to Revenue
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GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
Jan. 1 Cash 6,000
Unearned Rental Revenue 6,000
Collected $6,000 in advance for rent.
Initially, revenues that benefit more than one accounting period are recorded as liabilities.
Initially, revenues that benefit more than one accounting period are recorded as liabilities.
Converting Liabilities to Revenue
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Over time, the revenue is recognized as it is earned.
Over time, the revenue is recognized as it is earned.
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
Monthly Adjusting Entry for Rent Revenue
Jan. 31 Unearned Rental Revenue 500
Rental Revenue 500
Rental revenue for January.
Converting Liabilities to Revenue
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Rental Revenue1/31 500
Unearned Rental Revenue
1/31 500 1/1 6,000Bal. 5,500
Income Statement
Revenue earned this period.
Income Statement
Revenue earned this period.
Balance Sheet
Liability for future periods.
Balance Sheet
Liability for future periods.
Converting Liabilities to Revenue
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Prior Periods Current Period Future Periods
TransactionLiability will be
paid.
TransactionLiability will be
paid.
End of Current Period
Adjusting Entry Recognize expense incurred, and Record liability for future payment.
Adjusting Entry Recognize expense incurred, and Record liability for future payment.
Accruing Unpaid Expenses
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Examples Include:
Interest
Wages and Salaries
Property Taxes
Hey, when do we get
paid?
Accruing Unpaid Expenses
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Monday,May 29
Friday, June 2
$3,000 Wages Expense
On May 31, Webb Co. owes wages of $3,000. Pay day is Friday, June 2.
On May 31, Webb Co. owes wages of $3,000. Pay day is Friday, June 2.
Wednesday,May 31
Accruing Unpaid Expenses
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GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
May 31 Wages Expense 3,000
Wages Payable 3,000
To accrue wages owed to employees.
Initially, an expense and a liability are recorded.
Initially, an expense and a liability are recorded.
Accruing Unpaid Expenses
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Wages Expense5/31 3,000
Wages Payable5/31 3,000
Income Statement
Cost incurred this period to generate
revenue.
Income Statement
Cost incurred this period to generate
revenue.
Balance Sheet
Liability to be paid in a future
period.
Balance Sheet
Liability to be paid in a future
period.
Accruing Unpaid Expenses
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Monday,May 29
Friday, June 2
$5,000 Weekly Wages
Let’s look at the entry for June 2.Let’s look at the entry for June 2.
Wednesday,May 31
$2,000 Wages Expense
$3,000 Wages Expense
Accruing Unpaid Expenses
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The liability is extinguished when the debt is paid.
The liability is extinguished when the debt is paid.
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
June 2 Wages Expense (for June) 2,000
Wages Payable (accrued in May) 3,000
Cash 5,000
Weekly payroll for May 29-June 2.
Accruing Unpaid Expenses
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Prior Periods Current Period Future Periods
TransactionReceivable will be
collected.
TransactionReceivable will be
collected.
End of Current Period
Adjusting EntryRecognize revenue earned but not yet recorded, andRecord receivable.
Adjusting EntryRecognize revenue earned but not yet recorded, andRecord receivable.
Accruing Uncollected Revenue
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Examples Include:
Interest Earned
Work Completed But Not Yet Billed to Customer
Accruing Uncollected Revenue
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Saturday,Jan. 15
Tuesday, Feb. 15
$170 Interest Revenue
On Jan. 31, the bank owes Webb Co. interest of $170. Interest is paid on the 15th
day of each month.
On Jan. 31, the bank owes Webb Co. interest of $170. Interest is paid on the 15th
day of each month.
Monday,Jan. 31
Accruing Uncollected Revenue
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GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
Jan. 31 Interest Receivable 170
Interest Revenue 170
To recognize interest revenue.
Initially, the revenue is recognized and a receivable is created.
Initially, the revenue is recognized and a receivable is created.
Accruing Uncollected Revenue
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Interest Revenue1/31 170
Interest Receivable1/31 170
Income Statement
Revenue earned this period.
Income Statement
Revenue earned this period.
Balance Sheet
Receivable to be collected in a
future period.
Balance Sheet
Receivable to be collected in a
future period.
Accruing Uncollected Revenue
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Saturday,Jan. 15
Tuesday, Feb. 15
$320 Monthly Interest
$170 Interest Revenue
Let’s look at the entry for February 15. Let’s look at the entry for February 15.
Monday,Jan. 31
$150 Interest Revenue
Accruing Uncollected Revenue
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The receivable is collected in a future period.The receivable is collected in a future period.
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
Feb. 15 Cash 320
Interest Revenue (for February) 150
Interest Receivable (accrued Jan. 31) 170
To record interest received.
Accruing Uncollected Revenue
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As a corporation earns taxable income, it incurs income taxes expense, and also a liability to governmental tax authorities.
As a corporation earns taxable income, it incurs income taxes expense, and also a liability to governmental tax authorities.
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPR Debit Credit
Dec. 31 Income Taxes Expense 780
Income Taxes Payable 780
Estimated income taxes applicable to
taxable income earned in December.
Accruing Income Taxes Expense: The Final Adjusting Entry
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Journalize transactions.
Post entries to the ledger accounts.
Prepare trial balance.
Make end-of-year
adjustments.
Prepare adjusted trial balance.
Recall from the accounting cycle discussed in Chapter 3, that after the adjusting entries are made, an adjusted trial balance is prepared.
Recall from the accounting cycle discussed in Chapter 3, that after the adjusting entries are made, an adjusted trial balance is prepared.
Effects of the Adjusting Entries
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THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE: Reporting Financial Results
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JJ's Lawn Care Service Adjusted Trial Balance
May 31, 2003
Cash 3,925$ Accounts receivable 75 Tools & equipment 2,650 Accumulated depr.: tools & eq. 50$ Truck 15,000 Accumulated depr.: truck 250 Notes payable 13,000 Accounts payable 150 Capital stock 8,000 Dividends 200 Sales revenue 750 Gasoline expense 50 Depr. exp.: tools & eq. 50 Depr. exp.: truck 250 Total 22,200$ 22,200$
This is the Adjusted Trial
Balance for JJ’s.
This is the Adjusted Trial
Balance for JJ’s.
Now, let’s prepare the
financial statements for JJ’s Lawn Care Service for May.
Now, let’s prepare the
financial statements for JJ’s Lawn Care Service for May.
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JJ's Lawn Care ServiceIncome Statement
For the month ending May 31, 2003
Sales revenue 750$ Operating expenses: Gasoline expense 50$ Depr. exp.: tools & eq. 50 Depr. exp.: truck 250 350 Net income 400$
Net income also appears on the Statement of Owner’s Equity.
Net income also appears on the Statement of Owner’s Equity.
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•Business Earnings
•Dividends
•Business Losses
This statement summarizes the increases and decreases in Retained Earnings during
the period.
Statement of Retained Earnings
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Now, let’s prepare the Balance Sheet.
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JJ's Lawn Care ServiceBalance SheetMay 31, 2003
AssetsCash 3,925$ Accounts receivable 75 Tools & equipment 2,650$ Less: Accum. depr.: tools & eq. 50 2,600 Truck 15,000$ Less: Accum. depr.: truck 250 14,750 Total assets 21,350$
Liabilities & Stockholders' EquityLiabilities:Notes payable 13,000$ Accounts payable 150 Total liabilities 13,150$ Stockholders' equity:Capital stock 8,000$ Retained earnings 200 Total stockholders' equity 8,200 Total liabilities & stockholders' equity 21,350$
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Closing the Temporary Equity Accounts
Close Revenue accounts to Income Summary.
Close Expense accounts to Income Summary.
Close Income Summary account to Retained Earnings.
Close Dividends to Retained Earnings.
The closing process gets the temporary accounts ready for the next accounting period.
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GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPRDebit Credit
May 31 Sales Reveune 750
Income Summary 750
To close the revenue account.
Since Sales Revenue has a credit balance, the closing entry requires a debit to the Sales Revenue
account.
Since Sales Revenue has a credit balance, the closing entry requires a debit to the Sales Revenue
account.
Closing Entries for Revenue Accounts
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Income Summary750
750
Sales Revenue750 750
-
Closing Entries for Revenue Accounts
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GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPRDebit Credit
May 31 Income Summary 350
Gasoline Expense 50
Depreciation Exp.: Tools & Equipment 50
Depreciation Exp.: Truck 250
To close the expense accounts.
Since expense accounts have a debit balance, the closing entry requires a credit to the expense
accounts.
Since expense accounts have a debit balance, the closing entry requires a credit to the expense
accounts.
Closing Entries for Expense Accounts
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Closing Entries for Expense Accounts
Income Summary350 750
400
Gasoline Exp.50 50
-
Net Income
Depr. Exp.: Truck250 250
-
Depr. Exp.: Tools & Equipment
50 50 -
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Since Income Summary has a $400 credit balance, the closing entry requires a debit to Income
Summary.
Since Income Summary has a $400 credit balance, the closing entry requires a debit to Income
Summary.
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and ExplanationPRDebit Credit
May 31 Income Summary 400
Retained Earnings 400
To close Income Summary.
Closing the Income Summary Account
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Retained Earnings
- 400
400
Income Summary350 750 400
-
The balance in Income Summary is now zero.
Closing the Income Summary Account
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After all closing
entries are made, JJ’s
After-Closing Trial Balance
looks like this.
After all closing
entries are made, JJ’s
After-Closing Trial Balance
looks like this.
Cash 3,925$ Accounts receivable 75 Tools & equipment 2,650 Accumulated depr.: tools & equipment 50$ Truck 15,000 Accumulated depr.: truck 250 Notes payable 13,000 Accounts payable 150 Capital stock 8,000 Retained earnings 200 Total 21,650$ 21,650$
JJ's Lawn Care ServiceAfter-Closing Trial Balance
May 31, 2003
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End of Topic