rec 3010 human movement. the structure of muscle
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
REC 3010HUMAN MOVEMENT
![Page 2: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE
![Page 3: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE/FASCICLES
![Page 5: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Upper Trapezius
Middle Trapezius
Serratus Anterior
Lower Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major
Agonist-Antagonist Muscles
The Upper Trapezius and the Lower Trapezius have an Agonist-Antagonist relationship
![Page 6: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Glenohumeral joint
Greater Tubercle
Lesser Tubercle
Subscapularis
Agonist-Antagonist Muscles
The Subscapularis and the Supraspinatus/Infraspinatus/Teres Minor have a Agonist Antagonist relationship
![Page 7: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
External Abdominal Oblique
Internal Abdominal Oblique
Pectoralis Major
Rectus Abdominal
Transverse Abdominis
Tendinous Transcriptions
Longissimus
Spinalis
Iliocostalis
The muscles of the Abdominals are opposite the Lower Back
The Transverse Abdominals are opposite each other
![Page 8: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Biceps Femorus
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedialis
Vastus Lateralis
Semimembranosus
Semitendonosus
There are some interesting Agonist Antagonist relations between the Hip Extensors and the Hip Flexors
![Page 9: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AGONIST/ANTAGONIST STRENGTH RATIOS
![Page 10: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ACTIN & MYOSIN FILAMENTS (SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY)
![Page 11: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ACTIN & MYOSIN FILAMENTS
![Page 12: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SARCOMERE DIAGRAM
![Page 13: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGE IN ACTION
![Page 15: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MUSCLE CONTRACTION/RELAXATION
![Page 16: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
![Page 17: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PRODUCING A MUSCLE ACTION
![Page 18: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ISOTONIC CONTRACTION*CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION
-muscle acts as moving force-muscle shortens creating tension-motion is created
*ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION-muscle acts as a resistive force-external force exceeds contractive force-muscle lengthens & motion is slowed
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION - -muscle tension is created with no movement
-resistance comes from opposing muscle, gravity or an immoveable object
-motion is prevented by equal opposing forces
![Page 19: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• There are three lever classes.
• The body operates primarily as a series of third-class levers, with only a few first- and second-class levers.– Force (F) acts
between the axis (X) and the resistance (R)
WHICH MUSCLES ACT AS 1ST & 2ND?
![Page 20: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1ST CLASS LEVER 2ND CLASS LEVER 3RD CLASS LEVER
LEVERS OF THE BODY
![Page 21: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1ST CLASS LEVER
![Page 22: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
2ND CLASS LEVER
THE BALL OF FOOT ACTS AS FULCRUM OR AXIS OF ROTATION
THE FOOT ACTS AS THE RESISTANCE ARM
WHEN THE CALF CONTRACTS IT PROVIDES THE EFFORT FORCE
THE WEIGHT OF THE BODY PROVIDES THE REISISTANCE LOAD
![Page 23: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
7 Principles of BiomechanicsPrinciple #1: StabilityThe lower the center of mass
the larger the base of supportthe closer the center of mass to the base of support& the greater the mass
The more stability increasesExample: Sumo Wrestler
Principle #2: Maximum EffortThe production of maximum force requires the use of all possible joint movements that contribute to the tasks objectiveExample: Bench Press or Golf
![Page 24: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Principle #3: Maximum VelocityThe production of maximum velocity requires the use of joints in order from largest to smallestExample: Slap Shot or Golf Drive
Principle #4: Linear MotionThe greater the applied impulse the greater the increase in velocityExample: Slam Dunking in Basketball
Principle #5: Linear MotionMovement usually occurs in the direction opposite of the applied forceExample: High Jumper, Runners & Cyclists
![Page 25: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Principle #6: Angular MotionAngular motion is produced by the application of a force acting at some distance from the axis, that is, by torque
The production of Angular MotionExample: Baseball Pitcher
Principle #7: Angular MomentumAngular Momentum is constant when an athlete or object is free in the air. Once an athlete is airborne, he or she will travel with a constant angular momentum.Example: Divers
![Page 26: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Anatomical, Directional, and Regional Terms
![Page 27: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Movement of the Skeleton• There are three main types of joints:
– Fibrous joints– Cartilaginous joints– Synovial joints
• Synovial joint movement occurs within the three planes of motion: sagittal, frontal, and transverse.– Movement occurs along the joint’s axis of rotation, where
the plane of movement is generally perpendicular to the axis.
– Uniplanar joints (hinge joints) allow movement in only one plane.
– Biplanar joints allow movement in two planes that are perpendicular to each other.
– Multiplanar joints allow movement in all three planes.
![Page 28: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Movement in the Sagittal Plane The sagittal plane runs anterior-posterior, dividing the body into left and
right sections. Movements that involve rotation about a mediolateral axis occur in the
sagittal plane. Examples include:– Flexion– Extension– Dorsiflexion– Plantarflexion
![Page 29: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Movement in the Frontal Plane • The frontal plane runs laterally, dividing the body into anterior and posterior
sections.• Movements that involve rotation about an anteroposterior axis occur in the frontal
plane. Examples include:– Abduction– Adduction– Elevation– Depression– Inversion– Eversion
![Page 30: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Movement in the Transverse Plane The transverse plane runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior
sections. Movements that involve rotation about a longitudinal axis occur in the transverse
plane. Examples include:– Rotation– Pronation– Supination– Horizontal flexion– Horizontal extension
![Page 31: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Movement of Synovial Joints
![Page 32: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Angular Movements*Flexion
*Extension
*Abduction
*Adduction
![Page 33: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Circular Movements
*Circumduction
*Rotation
![Page 34: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Movements Special to the Shoulder*Protraction
*Retraction
*Elevation
*Depression
![Page 35: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Movements Special to the Ankle
*Inversion
*Eversion
*Dorsiflexion
*Planterflexion
![Page 36: REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ce65503460f949b3b0c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Anatomical Position