rebuilding after the geje planning processes and emerging needs at the 4th year into rebuilding

8/10/2019 Rebuilding after the GEJE Planning Processes and Emerging Needs at the 4th year into Rebuilding

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Rebuilding after the GEJE:Planning processes and emerging needs atthe 4thyear into rebuilding

International Seminar on the 10 Years Commemoration of the 2004

Indian Ocean Tsunami

November 24, 2014

Kanako Iuchi, PhD.

International Research Institute of

Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University


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Contents

1. Planning Responses after the GEJE

2. Current Status

3. Emerging Issues and Opportunities

4. Reflection

2


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1. Planning responses after the GEJE

1. Nationalrecovery vision was created by the ReconstructionDesign Council (June 2011)

Key Principles Primacy of local governments and people

Two-level disaster mitigation approach (Structural & Non-Structural)

Models on reconstruction in different geographic areas

3


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2. Prefecture and local level land use planning is based onfuture tsunami simulations to incorporate future risk focus on levee height and associated land use

By Dec. 2011, Prefectural (4) and Local (43) Govts made recovery plans

4

M

iyagi Prefecture

Minami Sanriku Town

Natori City

Prefecture Local

Local


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3. National Reconstruction Agency (RA) created for implementation February, 2012, directly under the Cabinet Office of Japan

Coordinate local governments and national ministries

Financially oversee 40 reconstruction programs that include 1) landreadjustment, 2) collective relocation, and 3) public housing

5Source: http://www.kantei.go.jp/fukkou/organization/reconstructiongrant.html

Prefec-

ture

and

local

govts

Recovery

Agency

Decisions onresponsible

ministries and

allocation

Ministryof

Ministryof

Ministryof

6. Decisions on distribution

Responsible ministries

1. Project plan

3. Funding Amount

4. Payment application

7. Approval

One stop service

5. Distribute project plans

Land Readjustment

Collective

Relocation

Public Housing
http://www.kantei.go.jp/fukkou/organization/reconstructiongrant.htmlhttp://www.kantei.go.jp/fukkou/organization/reconstructiongrant.html


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4. Participatorylocal planningactivities

- Community participation in

recovery planning becamemainstream after theearthquake in Kobe in 1995

- Community participation wasalso expected post-GEJE

- Various community planningactivities were present at theinitial stage, creating variousnew committees and groups

- However, the level of

participation and number ofgroups are reducing at thismoment

Source: Iuchi et al 2013


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2. Current Status: 4th year into recovery

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1. Committed funding:- 25 trillion yen (approx. US$250

Billion) to use by FY2015

2. Number of recovery plansdeveloped: (March 2014)- 4 prefectures

- 81 local governments3. Displaced population:

247,000 (as of Aug 2014)- Majority in Tohoku, 10% in Kanto

region, others spread out

- In a year, number displaceddecreased by 47,000 (from294,000)


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4. Progress on key housing reconstruction projects

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Land Readjustment

Collective

Relocation

Public Housing

Plan51DistrictsInitiated works38 Districts75%)Completed: 1District (1%)

[Kobe EQ: 20Districts, 8 years]

Plan:337DistrictsWork initiated:311 Districts83%)Completed: 73 Districts (22%)

[Chuetsu3Districts, 2years]

Plan:21,875 units (some undecided in Fukushima)# units secured for building: 17,617units (82%)Completed: 2,400units (11%)

[Kobe EQ: : 26,000 units, 6 years]


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9Iuchi et al, 2015

5. 4 year summary: Three rebuilding phases


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3. Emerging Issues and Efforts

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1. Emerging issues

Community (livelihood) restorationin its real context hasbeen overlooked

- Infrastructure/land-use-based investments

- RAs rebuilding programs: set structure-based rebuilding

Pitfallof participatory

planning and primacy inlocal govt and communities

- Increased local responsibilities

- No way out under decline,

aging and limitationEndingnational recovery funding

- FY2011 to 2015concentrated recoveryfunding period

Levee being constructed as of May, 2014; T.P. 12.8mPlanned completion: March 2015


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2. Some efforts toward community rebuilding

Recovery Supporters system (Fukko shien-in seido),- Established Jan 2012, by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Comm.

- 181 staff allocated in 10 local govts (in 3 prefectures) (FY2013)

Hiring people inside/outside affected regions

Rebuilding

communities

Source: recreated from http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000259314.pdf

Affected local governments*

Support

Min. of Internal Affairs and

Communications

Recovery

supporters work on

rebuilding effort 1) Program

supporting

community

rebuilding

2) Support through

dispatching

recovery

supporters

*227 local govts in

9 Pref. designatedas affected areas


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Intermediary support organizations- Coordinating centers for recoveryMiyagi, Iwate and Fukushima

- Aiming at: Coordinating inter-organizations and people seeking to

help rebuilding

Organizations,firms

andschools

willingtosupport

Pre-existingMiyagiN

PO,Citizens

organizations

Citizensneedingsup

port(Affected

areas,personnel,h

andicapped,

children,elderlyetc.

Miyagicoordinatingcenter forrecovery

Inter-organizationalcoordination

Human andknowledgeresources

Funds

Goods

Support(Funds and

commodities)

InformationSharing(needs)

Supportingactivities

(based onrequest)

Source: Translated from http://www.renpuku.org/


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3. Emerging issues for resilient communities The actual community livelihood restoration begins post-resettlement

1) communities disintegrated;

2) communities isolated;

3) communities aged and lost population

Collective relocation area

Collective relocation area

Public housing

Source: http://www.city.kesennuma.lg.jp/www/contents/1354240362516/files/shiryou12.pdf


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Challenge:

Ways to sustainably/resiliently rebuild communities

Communities

Shift community rebuilding identityfrom passive depended toproactive outreaching

Governments

Identify and develop keycommunity rebuildingprograms and ways of goodoperation

Intermediary supporters

Identify community needs and

provide information to thegovernments for possible support

Mountainous communities Aged communities

Fishermen communities Newly gathering communities


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Contents

1. Planning responses after the GEJE

2. Current Status

3. Emerging Issues and opportunities

4. Inconclusion

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Reflection

Resilient rebuilding takes a long time

Requiring to: i) avoid future risk, ii) respond to needs toresettle (housing), and iii) ways to sustainably manage

communities

No one-size-fits-all solutions

Resilient rebuilding Is largely affected by the macro-socioeconomic force

Has varied meanings in different affected areas

Role of intermediary supporters Is increasingly important to look for possible solutions and

connect communities and governments

rebuilding after the geje planning processes and emerging needs at the 4th year into rebuilding

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