reaserch on effect of social media on academic performance: study on the students of university of...

7/26/2019 Reaserch on Effect of Social Media on Academic Performance: Study on the students of University of Dhaka

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1

A REPORT

ON

EFFECTS ON SOCIAL NETWORK SITES

USAGE ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT

AND ACHIEVEMENTS: A STUDY ON

STUDENTS OF

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA


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2

EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORK

SITES USAGE ON STUDENT

ENGAGEMENT AND

ACHIEVEMENTS: A STUDY ON

STUDENTS OF

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA


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Submitted to:

Muhammad Intisar Alam

Lecturer

Department of Marketing

University of Dhaka

Submitted by:

Group: Radiant

Date of Submission: 2ndDecember, 2014

5

No Name Roll

1 Samrina afrin !"

2 MD# $ouhidu%%aman $arun &&

3 'ani% (atema )*

4 Md# (ahad +ossain !,*

5 (atema $u% ohoora !-.


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/0ecutive Summary

Social net1orking site recently has 2een very popular for communication# In social net1orking

site people are engaging 1ith many other activities that 2enefit them in the long run# /ffects of

social net1orking sites on the performance of academic engagement and performance are very

significant and social net1orking sites play a significant role on the performance of the students#

$his effect 1ill 2e sho1n on the report# $his report has 2een 2ased on the sample of university

of Dhaka# $he sample of the report is very important in this report 2ecause hey resem2les the

impact of social media on themselves# $he purpose of this research is to determine 1hether the

social net1orking sites affect the academic performance of students in University# $his part 1ill

e0plain the 2ackground of research3 statement of the research pro2lem3 purpose of research3

importance of research3 limitations of research3 definition of terms3 and summary# Social

net1orking sites allo1 users to share ideas3 pictures3 posts3 activities3 events3 interests 1ith

people in their net1ork#

Lastly 2ased on the finding of our research 1e 1ill give some recommendation regarding the

effects of social net1orking sites on the engagement and achievement of the Dhaka University

students#

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$a2le of 4ontents

/0ecutive Summary#########################################################################################################################-

4+A5$/R I 6 Introduction#############################################################################################################&

!#! Introduction############################################################################################################################&

!#" Statement of the pro2lem#######################################################################################################)

!#7 5urpose of the study###############################################################################################################)

!#- Research +ypothesis##############################################################################################################*

4+A5$/R II 6 8ackground############################################################################################################9

"#! Literature revie1########################################################################################################################9

"#" Definition of terms###############################################################################################################!!

4+A5$/R III 6 Methodology#######################################################################################################!"

7#! 5opulation and sampling######################################################################################################!"

7#" 5rocedure and $ime (rame##################################################################################################!"

7#. Analysis plan########################################################################################################################!7

7#- alidity and relia2ility##########################################################################################################!7

7#& Assumptions of the research################################################################################################!7

7#) Scope and limitations###########################################################################################################!.

4+A5$/R I 6 Results################################################################################################################!.

.#! (I;DI;GS A;D DIS4USSI


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Social net1orking is the connection of friends or family together 1hich allo1 you to

communicate easily# >ith social net1orking sites you can have a long chain of friends you can

chat or share information or ideal 1ith# According to 8oyd ? /llison @",,*3 BS;S can 2e

defined as 1e2=2ased services that allo1 individuals to construct a pu2lic or semi=pu2lic profile

1ithin a 2ounded system3 articulate a list of other users 1ith 1hom they share a connection3 and

vie1 and traverse their list of connections and those made 2y others 1ithin the systemC# At the

most 2asic level social net1orking sites allo1 users to set up online profiles or personal

homepages3 and develop an online social net1ork# $he profile page functions as the users o1n

1e2page and includes profile information ranging from their date of 2irth3 gender3 religion3

politics and hometo1n3 to their favorite films3 2ooks Euotes and 1hat they like doing in their

spare time# In addition to profile information3 users can design the appearance of their page3 and

add content such as photos3 video clips3 music and files# $he purpose of this research 1as to

determine whether the social networking sites affect the academic performance and the

achievements of the Students of University of Dhaka

1.2 St't()(nt !* t+( ,!-()

Statement of the pro2lem is the most important part of the research study# $his study is 2asically

concentrating on the relationship and impacts of the social net1orking sites and the academic

performance and achieves of the students# (or this reason this study aims to identify3

!"ffects of the use of social network sites on student engagement and achievements in the conte#t

of students of University of Dhaka$

1.3 /#,!0( !* t+( 0t#"


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2et1een the social media usage 2y the students of the University of Dhaka and their academic

performance and achieves# $he specific purpose of the study is the follo1ing:

$o discover the relationship among 2eing interactive 1ith peers and teachers and using

social net1orking sites $o determine relationship among using social net1orking sites and student engagement

$o identify relationship among the uses of social net1orking sites 2y the students and the

process of colla2orative learning

$o discover the relationship among the uses of social net1orking sites 2y the students and

their academic performance

1.4 Research questions

$he follo1ing set of hypothesis can identify and recogni%e the relationship 2et1een the uses ofsocial net1orking sites 2y the students and the performance and achievements# $he research

hypothesis are the follo1ings:

+,: $here is no statistically significant relationship among the uses of social net1orking sites 2y

the students and the student engagement and achievements#

+!: $here is a statistically significant relationship among 2eing interactive 1ith peers and

teachers and using social net1orking sites

+": $here is a statistically significant relationship among using social net1orking sites and

student engagement

+7: $here is a statistically significant relationship among the uses of social net1orking sites 2y

the students and the process of colla2orative learning

+.: $here is a statistically significant relationship among the uses of social net1orking sites 2y

the students and their academic performance

1.5 R(0('$+ H,!t+(0%0

$his research 1as carried out to ans1er the follo1ing research Euestions:

a Is there any statistically significant relationship among 2eing interactive 1ith peers and

teachers and using social net1orking sitesF


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2 Is there any statistically significant relationship among using social net1orking sites and

student engagementFc Is there any statistically significant relationship among the uses of social net1orking sites 2y

the students and the process of colla2orative learningF

d Is there any statistically significant relationship among the uses of social net1orking sites 2ythe students and academic performanceF

4+A5$/R II 6 8ackground

2.1 L%t('t#( (%(

$he increased use of Social ;et1orking >e2sites has 2ecome an international phenomenon in

the past several years# >hat started out as a ho22y for some computer literate people has 2ecome

a social norm and 1ay of life for people from all over the 1orld @8oyd3 ",,)# $eenagers and

young adults have especially em2raced these sites as a 1ay to connect 1ith their peers3 share

information3 reinvent their personalities3 and sho1case their social lives @8oyd3 ",,)# >ith the

increase of technology used for communicating 1ith others and the popularity of the Internet3

BSocial ;et1orkingC has 2ecome an activity that is done primarily on the Internet3 1ith sites like

MySpace3 (ace 2ook3 8e2o3 (riendster3 and anga @4oyle et al#3 ",,*#

Many people actively participate in content generation and value creation3 and several

researchers @e#g#3 Houng et al#3 ",,9 asalou et al#3 ",!, have e0amined their profiles to

determine 1hy and to 1hat e0tent they are keen on posting their entire identity3 sharing pictures

and videos3 and indicating their religious affiliations3 marital status3 and political orientations on

the internet# $hese users interact 1ith others3 e0change information a2out their interests3 raise

discussions a2out ne1 topics3 follo1s ne1s a2out specific topics on different Social ;et1orking

Sites# $eenagers no1 use the Internet for the maJority their daily activities and information

gathering3 as opposed to older generations 1ho used resources like the television or ne1spaper

@Le1is3 ",,*# A recent survey sho1ed that appro0imately ninety percent of teens in the United

States have Internet access3 and a2out seventy=five percent of these teens use the Internet morethan once per day @'ist3 ",,*# $his study also sho1ed that appro0imately half of all teens 1ho

have Internet access are also mem2ers of social net1orking sites3 and use the Internet to make

plans and sociali%e 1ith friends @'ist3 ",,*# In Septem2er3 ",,-3 out of total adult internet users

@!*="9 years !&K 1ere those 1ho 1ere using any social net1orking site and this percentage

increased to *&K on May3 ",!, @111#marketingcharts#com#$uckman@!9)- defined

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performance as the apparent demonstration of understanding3 concepts3 skills3 ideas and

kno1ledge of a person and proposed that grades clearly depict the performance of a student#

+ence3 their academic performance must 2e managed efficiently keeping in vie1 all the factors

that can positively or negatively affect their educational performance# Use of technology such as

internet is one of the most important factors that can influence educational performance of

students positively or adversely# Shah et al# @",,! proposed that student users are affected 2y the

internet and this impact is determined 2y the type of internet usage# $hey are positively affected

2y the informative use of internet 1hile having drastic impact of recreational use of internet on

them# Also3


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S;S and academic performance of the student users# Students3 using internet freEuently3 scored

higher on reading skills test and had higher grades as 1ell @Linda et al#3 ",, An ever

increasing gro1th rate of S;S not only calls for the parental and teacher monitoring of student

users 2ut also attracting the focus of academicians and researchers to1ards this phenomenon#

Students use of social net1orking continues to create challenges and issues for higher education

professionals and keeping a2reast of these challenges has proved difficult 2ecause of the speed at

1hich ne1 technologies are 2eing introduced @8ugeJa3 ",,& 4ariccioso3 ",,& (inder3 ",,&

Nuindlen3 ",,& Shier3 ",,-#$here is evidence that higher education institutions have taken

initiatives in disclosing information a2out online social net1orking involvement to their

students@Read et al#3 ",, An e0ample is 4ornell Universitys B$houghts on (ace2ookC3 1hich

creates students a1areness a2out the responsi2le use of online social net1orking @Mitrano3

",, (ollo1ing 4ornell University3 many institutions have adopted this approach to informing

students 2y using anecdotal literature to guide their actions @'ord3 ",,*# $he study looks at

Social net1orks in relation to its impact on academic needs# Social net1orks are studied 1ith an

educational conte0t they are part of a virtual learning environment# $he classroom is shifting in

time and space 1ith e learning# $he rampant use of social net1orks for learning purposes 2y

students makes this study imperative# S;S are part of this virtual learning environment 1here the

classroom is shifting in time and space#

2.2 D(7n%t%!n !* t()0

$he follo1ings 1ere the key terms used in this research and their constitutive and operational

definitions:

Social Networin! Sites Social net1orking is 1e2=2ased services that allo1 individuals to

create a pu2lic profile3 to create a list of users 1ith 1hom to share connection3 and vie1 and

cross the connections 1ithin the system# Most social net1ork services are 1e2=2ased and provide

means for users to interact over the Internet3 such as e=mail and instant messaging# Socialnet1ork sites are varied and they incorporate ne1 information and communication tools such as3

mo2ile connectivity3 photoOvideoOsharing and 2logging#


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group=centered# Social net1orking sites allo1 users to share ideas3 pictures3 posts3 activities3

events3 interests 1ith people in their net1ork#

"cademic #erformance Academic performance refers to the e0tent to 1hich the student of

university of Dhaka is successful in the academic results in terms of 4G5A and SG5A#

"cademic "chie$ements Academic achievements refers to the e0tent to 1hich the student is

successful in the e0tra=curricular activities as in 4ompetition3 De2ate3 4ultural etc#

4+A5$/R III 6 Methodology

3.1 /!,#'t%!n 'n" 0'),%n8

Sample of the study 1as composed of 7, participants and the sample 1as chosen using5urposive Sampling $echniEue in 1hich the researcher selects a particular group or category

from the population to constitute the sample 2ecause this category is considered to mirror the

1hole 1ith reference to the characteristic in Euestion# Sample has 2een chosen from University

of Dhaka# In this process random sampling techniEues 1as utili%ed# (rom different department of

University of Dhaka 7, sample student has 2een chosen to make this research#

3.2 /!$("#( 'n" T%)( F')(

%a&or acti$ities 'ee 1 'ee 2 'ee ( 'ee 4 )ime

limit

*Day+

Acceptance of the 5roposal 7=.

Literature revie1 .=-

Methodology "

Data collection .=-

Data analysis -=&

5resentation of findings "=7

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Discussion of findings "=7

Recommendation and conclusion !="

/diting !

Documentation and final su2mission "=7

)otal (0 days

%a&le' (antt chart of the research work )*wn task+

3.4 An'0%0 ,'n

Analysis of data includes many statistical tools like mean median3 mode etc# (or this study 1e

have presented the findings of research in the correlation and regression analysis# In the reportingof the findings the correlation and regression is presented for testing the hypothesis# In this

analysis standard error3 R sEuare3 and t=test is presented#

3.5 V'%"%t 'n" (%'-%%t

alidity: alidity of the tool refers to the a2ility of the instrument to measure the research

varia2les that are designed to measure# $he Euestionnaire prepared for the study has 2een

prepared 2ased on a short Eualitative research study *Ashill and o22er3 ",,)#

Reliability: $he relia2ility of the tool refers to the chances of o2taining the same result is the

data is reevaluated under the same circumstances @ahn and Dunne3 ",,)#

Sam-le /S "rts Science R N

alid 1 3 5 (

6cluded

)otal (0

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3.6 A00#),t%!n0 !* t+( (0('$+

Assumptions are things that are accepted as true3 or at least plausi2le3 2y researchers and peers

1ho 1ill read your dissertation or thesis# Some of the assumptions of the social media:

1. /veryone in DU has access to ne1 media# @And 1e kno1 that is not true3 especially to

university students## Almost &,K of the students of DU have access in Internet# $his

&,K includes 2oth heavy users and light users#

2. /very sample has good intension and 1ill not harm others# @>e kno1 that is not true

2ecause some pretty 2ad people use ne1 media to pursue evil ends#

(. /veryone can correct each other# @>e kno1 that is not true 2ecause education levels vary3

ignorance persists on the >e23 information access varies etc#

4. /verything is transparent# @>e kno1 that is not true 2ecause manipulation goes on3

identities get hidden3 advertisers make 2loggers support products 1ithout o1ning up to

2eing paid and so on# See $ruth in Advertising3


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(igure: Gender distri2ution of Respondents

Students have internet access in the college and their hostelsOhouse# $he conventional model of

studying for these students is classroom instruction# >hile the institution facilitates education

through educational net1orks 1ithin the college like 8lack2oard3 the students are 1ell e0posed

to online social net1orks#

Relationshi- between Social Networ ariables and Students "cademic #erformance

$o study the relationship 2et1een use of social net1orks and students academic performance3

1e selected varia2les that can identify uses and gratification that the students dra1 from social

net1orks# $hese varia2les sho1 effects of social net1orks on students academic performance

and the futuristic online and offline paradigms that can enhance teaching methodology#

7ses of Social Networs

(rom a sample of 7, students 1e found that all the students used one or the other social

net1orking site# $he social net1orking sites that students used for academic purposes included

Hou$u2e3 >hatssap and (ace2ook# >hatssap 1as used as much as (ace2ook# $1itter 1as the

least used of all the 1e2sites#

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(igure: Social media and the usage

Any other S;S included >e4hat3 $1itter3 GoogleP and Instagram# $he respondents found

(ace2ook and >hatssap easier to use# (igure " Social ;et1orking Sites Used 2y Students

(ace2ook >hatssap3 Houtu2e


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5eople in these days uses many types of social media and their num2er can 2e like more that 7 or

.# 5eople are very e0cited to uses different types of social media to communicate 1ith others#

(or different purposes they use different types of social media# Do1nloading music and videos

1ere not only educational 2ut consisted of several genres# $he highest score revealed that the

students used it for chatting# Do1nloading musicOvideos3 posting photos and chatting can 2e

categori%ed as entertainment use# /ducational activities like pu2lishing articles3 participating in

Eui%%esOpoll3 communicating 1ith teachers comprised of a lesser score#

$hey spent on social net1orks per day# !,K spent half hour3 !)K spent one hour per day "7K

spent t1o hours per day and -,K spent more than t1o hours# $hey 1ere no respondents 1ho

spent %ero hours on the social net1orks# $he consumption levels for more than t1o hours are the

highest @see (ig# $ime Spent on Social ;et1ork , hour !O" hour ! hour " hour 7 hour . hour#

&

&

3

31

Ti"e spe%# o% soci! "e#i

3)%n

1 +!#

2 +!#0

3 +!#0

M!( t+'n 3 +!#0

+!#0

(igure: $ime spent on Social media

1


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1&

13

Uses of soci! "e#i o% "o&i!e

U0(0 !* 0!$%' )("%'

!n )!-%(

(0

N!

(igure: Uses of media on mo2ile

*, percent students reported that they used a social net1orking site on phone# $his increased the

approacha2ility and fle0i2ility of 2eing in touch# Smart features availa2le on social net1orks like

reading RSS feeds3 location tagging and status updates 1ere popular uses of social net1ork on

mo2ile phone# $hese 1ere not directly related to education @See (ig #

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(igure: Reasons for using social media

Social net1orking site has 2een using in many purposes such as a Do1nloading musicOvideo 2

Uploading musicOvideo c 5osting photos d 8logging e 4reating pollsOEui%%es or surveys f

4hatting g Su2mitting articles to 1e2site h 4ommunication 1ith teachersOclass fello1s i Anyother: Many samples uses social net1orking sites as educational purposes also# $he figure

sho1s that people uses social net1orking site ", K in do1nloading and ",K in communication

1ith others# $he ne0t varia2le in this assessment 1as the purposes for 1hich the students used

social net1ork sites# $he students 1ere a2le to point out the different purposes for 1hich they

used the S;S# In $a2le " 1e see that the highest score of &, K is for do1nloading music and

videos# * K used is for posting photos3 ., K used it for chatting#


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(igure: 'ind of communication on social media

5eople use social media as educational medium3 informational3 entertainment and many other

medium# In most of time people uses social media as entertainment medium# In our 7, sample it

is found that !- people uses social media as entertainment3 - as educational3 - as information and- as other purposes# )" K agreed that they used to social net1orks 1hile 1orking on classroom

assignments @(ig# "* K do not use any social net1ork for completing assignments# $his high

score indicates that students find social net1orks helpful in getting guidance and information

related to their su2Ject# .#*# Social net1orks and / learning: )" K students agreed that Social

net1orks 1ere an effective e=learning tool# "* K denied that social net1orks could function as e=

learning tools# )" K 1ho 1ere in favor felt that e=learning saved time#

1 2 3 4 5

2

4

6

1

12

14

35 4

6

social networking sites afect study

(igure: Social net1orking sites affect study

In most of the time social media affect our daily activities# Students are getting more and more

time engaged in social media so that affect their studies also# In the study it is found that 9 people

has agreed that social media affect their study and & has strongly agreed to the fact#

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1 2 3 4 5

1

2

3

4

5

6

&

1

3

5

4

6

express ideas and feelings on social networking sites

(igure: /0presses the ideas and feelings on social net1orking sites

Many people find difficulties in e0pressing their ideas and emotions to others# So that uses other

medium to e0press their ideas3 8y researching on samples it resem2les that 9 people has agreed

that they find it more comforta2le to e0press their ideas and feelings through social media to

make a ne1 identity# & people has also strongly agreed to that issue#

1 2 3 4 5

12

3

4

5

6

&

1

3

5

4

6

E'ec(i)e (oo! fo* E+ !e*%i%,

(igure: /ffective tool for e=learning

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Social media can also 2e used as an /=learning medium# As it is very interactive medium so that

can 2e as useful for learning purposes of the students# Samples of the research have also agreed

to that issue#


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4orrelation analysis is actually tells the strength of relationship and the degrre of relationship

2et1een the dependent and independent varia2les# $his results sho1s that the varia2les are

positively correlated 1ith each other# $he correlation 2et1een the social media usage and the

interaction 1ith the peer and faculties is #*7 1hich implies a significant strong positive

correlation 2et1een the varia2les# $hen the #-" correlation also refers to a positive correlation

2et1een the colla2orative learning and the social media use# $hen academic performance has a

positive 2ut much less positive correlation than the academic achievement 1ith the social media

use#

Dependent

aria2les

Independent

aria2les

S/ R R=SEuare t=Stat

Social Media

Use

Academic

5erformance

Academic

Achievement

#7.". #-7* #"9, "#!!9

"#.&.

Regression analysis is done and results are sho1n in the ta2le a2ove# Independent varia2le the

social media use and the dependent varia2le the academic performance and achievement are

measured# All these results are consistent and the t=stat is more than " 1hich sho1s that the data

are consistent#

4+A5$/R = 4onclusions and recommendations

5.1 S#))' !* t+( 0t#"

$he students3 on a 1hole3 gave a more scoring response to using online net1orks to 1rite their

class assignments and inclusion of college related student focused groups and social net1orks#

$he o2servations dra1n from empirical data sho1ed that students have started using social

net1orks for academic purposes# >hile some students perceived S;S as a distraction and 1ere

hesitant to share their feelings3 a high percentage of respondents found it an avenue to search for

information3 Join educational net1orks and look for career opportunities# $he use of S;S gave

them a sense of 2elonging to an academic community3 as their online friends 1ere mostly those

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1ho they met in college# $1o step flo1 interactions3 student to student and teacher to student

favored academic learning through social net1orks# $he use of these net1orks has to 2e

disciplined as it can lead to distraction from education# $he research also concludes that a large

section of students capitali%e on the importance of human classroom face to face instruction3 the

social net1orks used for educational O tutoring should 2e a2le to apply these principles in a

virtual classroom#

5.2 D%0$#00%!n (9,'n't%!n !* 7n"%n80

$echnical factors like lo1 speeds3 poor net1ork connectivity may impede this process on a social

net1orking site and may cause gaps in communication#

According to the responses it can 2e concluded that social net1orks if designed and tailored to

the specific educational needs of each student S;S can 2e a useful instrument in improving

academic performance of University of Dhaka#

5.3 R($!))(n"'t%!n0

$he recommendation from our research findings are given 2elo1=

It 1as found that these social net1orking sites are acting as great medium for vie1

mo2ili%ation# 5eople are feeling free in sharing their thoughts on any issue and even

youth is raising their voice against social acts like violation of +uman Rights3 corruption

etc#

$hese social net1orking sites are proving themselves a 2oon at least in 2ringing thoughts

of people on these social issues# It is also 2eing generated from the information so o2tained that people are getting more

a1are a2out the social issues mainly from (ace2ook# 8ut instead of getting this

kno1ledge the people generally dont discuss them and if they do3 they Just sign off the

sites after discussion and the issue Just remains focused on 1e2 only#

It 1as found that 1omens are spending less time on these sites mainly for !,=7, minutesyet they are more sensitive to1ards these social issues#

Most of the people think that youth can play a positive role in changing our society 1hich

is represent in most of the responses to different Eueries#

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R/(/R/;4/S

Ahmed3 I#3 ? Na%i3 $# (# @",!!# A look out for academic impacts of Social net1orking

sites @S;Ss: A student 2ased perspective#,frican -ournal of .usiness

/anagement3 5@!"3 -,""=-,7!# 8lankenship3 M# @",!!# +o1 social media can and should impact higher

education#"ducation Digest3 0@)3 79=."# 8oyd D#3 @",,*3 Q$aken


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Madge3 4#3 Meek3 #3 >ellens3 #3 ? +ooley3 $# @",,9# (ace2ook3 social integration and

informal learning at university:QIt is more for socialising and talking to friends a2out

1ork than for actually doing 1ork#>earning /edia and %echnology 34)2+3 !.!=!--# Marketingcharts# @",!,#/arketingharts' charts ? data for marketers in online "#cel

and oweroint formats# VonlineW Availa2le at: http:OO111#marketingcharts#com

VAccessed ! Dec# ",!.W# ;arayanan3 A# and Shmatikov3 # @",,9# De=anonymi%ing Social ;et1orks# 277@ 37th

""" Symposium on Security and rivacy# # @",!!# $he impact of online social

net1orking on learning: a social integration perspective# nternational -ournal ofNetworking and :irtual *rganisations3 A@73 "&.="*,#

Houng3 8# @",, BheaterCs functional histology# /din2urgh: 4hurchill

LivingstoneO/lsevier#

reaserch on effect of social media on academic performance: study on the students of university of...

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