reading water, media and tissue tests
DESCRIPTION
Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests. Bodie V. Pennisi Extension Floriculture Specialist, UGA. What Do You Do If Your Pansies Look Like These?. Investigate:. Nutritional ? Which nutrient(s) ? Deficiency or toxicity ? Cause(s) ?. Macronutrient-Related Problems. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Reading Water, Media Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests and Tissue Tests
Bodie V. PennisiExtension Floriculture Specialist, UGA
![Page 2: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What Do You Do If Your Pansies Look Like These?
![Page 3: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Nutritional ?Nutritional ?
• Which nutrient(s) ?Which nutrient(s) ?
• Deficiency or toxicity ?Deficiency or toxicity ?
• Cause(s) ?Cause(s) ?
Investigate:Investigate:
![Page 4: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Macronutrient-Related
Problems
![Page 5: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
N Def: lower leaf yellowing (courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 6: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
N Def: Lower leaf yellowing and loss(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 7: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
P Def: Lower leaf purpling(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 8: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
N Overdose: Upper leaf roll(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 9: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
High Nutrient High Nutrient Concentration in Concentration in
the Medium the Medium Causes Marginal Causes Marginal
Leaf BurnLeaf Burn
Water leaves the leaves via stomates, but the trace elements cannot escape. The effect is most pronounced at leaf margins where air movement causes the greatest
evaporation.
![Page 10: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Micronutrient-Related
Problems
![Page 11: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mg Def: Lower Mg Def: Lower leaves with leaves with interveinal interveinal chlorosischlorosis
![Page 12: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Problems
Mg Def: Lower leaves with interveinal chlorosisMg Def: Lower leaves with interveinal chlorosis(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 13: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Fe Def: Upper Fe Def: Upper leaves with leaves with interveinal interveinal chlorosischlorosis
![Page 14: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
It Is All About the pH…
At high pH the micronutrients (Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu)
become less available.At low pH, they
become too available.
![Page 15: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• lime incorporatedlime incorporated
• water alkalinity and pHwater alkalinity and pH
• type of fertilizer used (basic or type of fertilizer used (basic or acidic)acidic)
• species grownspecies grown
Media pH is affected by:Media pH is affected by:
![Page 16: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Geranium GroupGeranium Group• Plants that are very efficient in taking up FePlants that are very efficient in taking up Fe• Ex: seed and zonal geraniums, marygolds, Ex: seed and zonal geraniums, marygolds,
New Guinea impatiens, lisianthusNew Guinea impatiens, lisianthus
Crops Can Be Placed Into GroupsCrops Can Be Placed Into Groups
• Petunia GroupPetunia Group• Plants that are very inefficient in taking up Plants that are very inefficient in taking up
FeFe
• Ex: petunias, pansies, snapdragons, Ex: petunias, pansies, snapdragons, calibrachoa, vincacalibrachoa, vinca
![Page 17: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Low pH
![Page 19: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Geranium with chlorotic lower leaves which quickly turn necrotic
(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 20: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Lower leaves of pepper with black speckles
(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 21: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Lower leaves of marigold with yellow speckles
(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 22: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lower leaves of cosmos with black speckles
(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 23: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
High pH
![Page 24: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Upper leaves with interveinal chlorosis
(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 25: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Upper leaves with interveinal chlorosis
(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 26: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Upper leaves with interveinal chlorosis
(courtesy of Dr. Whipker, NCSU)
![Page 27: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Goal Is To Achieve A Stable
Medium pH Over Time
The Goal Is To Achieve A Stable
Medium pH Over Time
![Page 28: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Basic TestsBasic Tests Concentration of the Concentration of the
fertilizer solutionfertilizer solution
pH and soluble salts in pH and soluble salts in the growing mediumthe growing medium
Leaf tissue analysisLeaf tissue analysis
Water QualityWater Quality
![Page 29: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Testing the growing Testing the growing mediummedium
EC (SS) and pH of the leachateEC (SS) and pH of the leachate
In-house tests can be done with the pour-In-house tests can be done with the pour-through methodthrough method
Sending samples to a lab: Sending samples to a lab: do notdo not use the top use the top 11//22 to 1 inch of the soilto 1 inch of the soil
NONO33---N, NH-N, NH44
++-N, P, K, Ca, Mg-N, P, K, Ca, Mg
![Page 30: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
0 to 0.30 to 0.3
0.3 to 0.80.3 to 0.8
0.8 to 1.30.8 to 1.3
1.3 to 1.81.3 to 1.8
1.8 to 2.31.8 to 2.3
> 2.3> 2.3
1:21:2 SMESME PourThruPourThru IndicationIndication
0 to 0.80 to 0.8
0.8 to 2.00.8 to 2.0
2.0 to 3.52.0 to 3.5
3.5 to 5.03.5 to 5.0
5.0 to 6.05.0 to 6.0
> 6.0> 6.0
0 to 1.00 to 1.0
1.0 to 2.61.0 to 2.6
2.6 to 4.62.6 to 4.6
4.6 to 6.54.6 to 6.5
6.6 to 7.86.6 to 7.8
> 7.8> 7.8
Very LowVery Low
LowLow
NormalNormal
HighHigh
Very HighVery High
ExtremeExtreme
Different Methods to Measure ECDifferent Methods to Measure EC
![Page 32: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Marigold Marigold problemproblem
![Page 33: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Marigold problemMarigold problem
![Page 34: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Tissue analysisTissue analysis Marigold problemMarigold problem
![Page 35: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Sending tissue samples for Sending tissue samples for analysisanalysis
For routine analysis: young, but full-grown For routine analysis: young, but full-grown leaves near the top of the canopyleaves near the top of the canopy Rinse the leaves gently if fertilizer was applied Rinse the leaves gently if fertilizer was applied
with an overhead irrigation systemwith an overhead irrigation system
B, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn (not readily translocated B, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn (not readily translocated within the plant)within the plant) Younger leavesYounger leaves
![Page 36: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
ChrysanthemumsChrysanthemums
Upper leaves – N, Ca, S, Fe, BUpper leaves – N, Ca, S, Fe, B
Lower leaves – K, Mg, ZnLower leaves – K, Mg, Zn
Upper or lower leaves – P, MnUpper or lower leaves – P, Mn
Middle leaves – Cu Middle leaves – Cu
Routine analysis – most recent fully mature Routine analysis – most recent fully mature leafleaf
![Page 37: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tissue AnalysisTissue Analysis
Concentrations of Concentrations of macro- and macro- and micronutrientsmicronutrients
These analyses may These analyses may or may not include or may not include recommendations, recommendations, depending on the labdepending on the lab
![Page 38: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Testing The Waters…
Testing The Waters…
![Page 39: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Water Quality KitWater Quality KitWater Quality KitWater Quality Kit
![Page 40: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Analytical Analytical LabLab
![Page 41: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
1.1. Need test for alkalinityNeed test for alkalinity2.2. Need Need Fluorine (F) and/or Chlorine Fluorine (F) and/or Chlorine
(Cl) if high levels are suspected.(Cl) if high levels are suspected.
![Page 45: Reading Water, Media and Tissue Tests](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681482b550346895db54e31/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Summary of Basic TestsSummary of Basic Tests
Fertilizer solutionFertilizer solution
Greenhouse mediumGreenhouse medium
Plant tissuePlant tissue
WaterWater