Reading

UNIT 2Jobs & Professions

Organizational Patterns Pattern that are used by authors to relate

or connect the supporting details to the main ideas.

1. Explanation2. Examples3. Comparison-contrast4. Cause-effect5. Definition6. Enumeration

Organizational PatternsPATTERNS SAMPLE OF PARAGRAPHS

EXPLANATION

to give reasons for the ideas set forth to explain how to do something to tell why something is the way it is to give interpretation of what is said

The main issue which bugs a portion of undergraduates today is the inability to converse and write in English. Needless to say, in the era of globalization, the importance of English cannot be over emphasized. One might have plenty of mind boggling ideas, but without the ability to articulate them, such ideas cannot be conveyed to others.

EXAMPLE

to make the main idea and supporting details more clear signal words such as “for example” and “for instance” are used.

Our undergraduates seem to idolize pop culture too much. For example, if there are a public lecture by academician and a concert by some singers on the same day. It is not that hard to predict which event will have a bigger crowd, unfortunately.

Organizational PatternsPATTERN SAMPLE OF PARAGRAPH

COMPARISON-CONTRAST

to relate two things by showing either how they are alike or how they are different

Although fictional, the Matrix world as in the blockbuster movie ‘The Matrix’ by the Wachowski Brothers is very relevant in the context of our society today. Undergraduates, especially the ones from local universities are akin to those stuck in the Matrix. Fed with the belief that they will make it in life, armed only with a scroll, they succumb to complacency. Their minds start to rot, intellectual growth is suppressed, and the end result; they hit rock bottom in the ‘real’ world. Groping in the dark, they try to find a way out, but to no avail. Thereafter, enlightenment ensues, a harsh realization, that the scroll in their hands is merely that, a scroll.

Organizational PatternsPATTERNS SAMPLE OF ESSAYS

CAUSE-EFFECT

causes of something are given and the effects that could result

Graduates emerging from the Malaysian education system fail to meet the expectations of prospective employers due to a lack of critical thinking skills and poor communication. This has resulted in employers having to provide additional training to fit them into their respective job scopes. Many graduates also have to accept employment that does not correspond with their qualifications.

DEFINITION

terms and concept will be defined

Neurologists are highly trained physicians who specialize in diagnosing and treating the diseases of the brain as well as any impairment to the spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, peripheral nerves, muscles and blood vessels that are associated with any of these structures.

Organizational Patterns

PATTERN SAMPLE OF ESSAY

ENUMERATION

to provide the time order, the sequence in which something happened, or, there are more than one factors to be considered Author will use clues such as “one, two, three”, “first, second, third”, “first, then, finally” or the date itself.

If you want to become a neurologist you will first have to complete 4 years of a medical school program. Then you must go on to complete a 4-year residency program which includes 1 year of internal medicine and 3 years of neurology. 

Organizational PatternsEXERCISE 1

Read the following paragraphs and decide which pattern is used in each to relate the main idea and the supporting details. Indicate your choice by underlining the correct pattern in the parentheses that follow. Then give reasons for your choice.

1. Professionals in Malaysia are the unhappiest workers in Malaysia. The recent survey conducted by recruitment site Jobs Central Malaysia among 3,508 employed Malaysians

also showed a slight decrease in their work satisfaction from 60.4 in 2012 to 59.05 this year, out of a maximum score of 100.

(Example, Explanation)

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2. Organizing and running successful events are gratifying experiences to the employees, which is why event management employees are some of the most satisfied employees in Malaysia. In contrary, factory workers are one of the least satisfied in Malaysia, due to the low salary and lack of advancement opportunities.

(Explanation, compare-contrast)

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3. Professionals in Malaysia are the unhappiest workers in Malaysia as advancement opportunities beyond their supervisory positions are scarce. Surveys have shown that it is currently hard to get a promotion in the workplaces of Malaysia.

(Example, cause-effect)

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4. The survey about job satisfaction was conducted from April to July this year among various job functions, such as administration, business development, purchasing, compliance, consulting, customer support, design, training, engineering, events management, banking, human resource, management trainee, marketing and editorial..

(Example, definition)

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5. Archaeologists study past human activity by excavating, dating and interpreting objects and sites of historical interest. They implement excavation projects at historical sites and collect data that informs their understanding of the past. Major responsibility of the job is to use geophysical surveys and aerial photography to locate suitable excavation sites.

.

(Definition, cause-effect)

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Organizational PatternsEXERCISE 2

Read the following paragraphs and decide which pattern is used in each to relate the main idea and the supporting details. Indicate your choice by underlining the correct pattern in the parentheses that follow. Then give reasons for your choice.

1. Probably one of the most stressful events in a person’s life is going to a job interview. Job interviews often hold the key to one’s future as a functioning member of the adult working world, and so the outcome of an interview can, in many cases, hold great importance in one’s life.

(Example, Explanation)

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2. There are three major stages in the interview process, and they do not all occur at the actual interview. First is accepting the interview, second is to get prepared for the interview, and third is

going to the interview make up these stages, and as you’ll see, they are closely linked

(Enumeration, definition)

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3. When accepting a call from an interviewer offering you a chance at an interview, it is extremely important that you be polite and show gratitude for the opportunity for instance by saying “Thank

you for this great opportunity” or “This will be a fantastic opportunity, thanks so much” is suitable as a form of appreciation.

. (Example, cause-effect)

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4. Collect as much information as you can before going to your interview. Before you go to the interview, ensure you have a portfolio assembled that includes a resume, references, identification,

letters of recommendation, and proof of any other accomplishments beneficial to the job you are applying for. Make sure all of this information is neatly organized and stored in a presentable folder. The more prepared you are, the less nervous you will feel the day of the interview

(Enumeration, cause-effect)

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5. Confidence is one of the most important attributes when interviewing. Know that you are worthy; you were chosen to interview, so you are needed. You have the credentials for the job you applied to, so never underestimate your abilities. At the same time, exercise modesty. Enter your interview

feeling capable, but not over-confident. A combination of self-assurance and humility equals success.

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. (Example, explanation)

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ReferencesArchaeologist: Job description. Retrieved from http://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/277571-

archaeologist-job-description

Are undergraduates ready for the real world? Retrieved from http://www.malaysia-students.com/2007/12/are-undergraduates-ready-for-real-world.html

Boo S. L. (2014, January, 1). Survey: Doctors, lawyers, engineers are Malaysia’s unhappiest workers. The Malay Mail. Retrieved from http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/survey-doctors-lawyers-engineers-are-malaysias-unhappiest-workers

Cresswell, S. (n.d). Neurology Career Guide: Qualifications, Job Description & Career Prospects. Retrieved from http://www.gapmedics.co.uk/blog/2013/12/23/neurology-career-guide-qualifications-job-description-career-prospects

Education system not producing thinking graduates, say experts (2012). Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2012/03/04/Education-system-not-producing-thinking-graduates-say-experts/

Hancock, O. H. (1998). Reading Skills for College Students (4th Ed). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

The Job Interview. Retrieved from https://www.fanshawec.ca/sites/default/files/assets/the~learning~centre~-~tlc/sample1process.pdf