reading and writing stories chapter 9. essential questions how do students develop concept of story?...
TRANSCRIPT
READING AND WRITING STORIES
Chapter 9
Essential Questions
How do students develop concept of story?
What kinds of reading activities are available for students?
What kinds of writing activities are available for students?
How do students read and write stories as part of the four instructional patterns?
How Students Learn to Write Stories
Reading storiesTalking about storiesBy story writing
Elements of Story Structure
PlotStudents can complete
Beginning-Middle-End ClusterPlot Profile
Characters / Character TraitsStudents can completeCharacter Traits ChartOpen-Mind Portraits
Elements of Story Structure
SettingFour dimensions
LocationWeatherTime periodTime
Students can completeSetting Map
Elements of Story Structure
Point of ViewFirst-personOmniscient Limited omniscientObjectiveStudents can
Contrast different viewpointsRetell or rewrite a familiar story from
different viewpoint
Elements of Story Structure
ThemeUnderlying meaningExplicit or implicitUsually more than one themeStudents can complete
Sketch-to-StretchStory Quilt
Theme
Sketch-to-Stretch1. Read a story.
2. Discuss the story.
3. Draw sketches.
4. Share the sketches.
5. Share some sketches with the class.
Story Genres
Types or stories Folklore – fables, folk and fairy tales, myths,
legends (Aesop’s Fables; Sleeping Beauty) Fantasy – modern literary tales, fantastic
stories, science fiction, high fantasy (Charlotte’s Web; Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets)
Realism – contemporary, historical fiction (The Watsons Go to Birmingham)
Teaching Students About Stories
Teach by reading and writing stories talking about storiescompleting graphic organizers, diagrams,
chartsminilessons on story structure, genres,
literary devices
Writing Stories
Intertextuality – shaping of texts' meanings by other textsstudents read and discuss storiesthey take ideas from stories they read
to incorporate into their storiesothers hear the stories and incorporate
some of the ideas into their writing
Intertextual Links
Use specific story ideas or specific genres
Copy the plotWrite a new story about a
character from a previously read story
Intertextual Links
Write a retelling of the storyIncorporate content from an
information book into a storyCombine stories to make a
new story
1. Writing Retellings
Rewriting a story in one’s own words
Can be collaborative or individualCan be dictated or written
independentlyCan be written from another point of
view
2. Innovations on Texts
Using the repetitive pattern or refrain of a known text to create a new text
2. Innovations on Texts
Read a storyDiscuss the repetitive pattern
or refrain of the textModel using the repetitive
pattern or refrainWrite own text using pattern
3. Writing Sequels
Writing additional adventures for a known storyDiscuss and graph storyUse graph to plan another
adventure (model)Independent planning & writing
4. Genre Writing
Using the characteristics of a particular literary genre to write stories:Read a story of a particular genreTeach the characteristics of the
genreModel planning/writing a genre storyIndependent planning/writing
Writing Original Stories
Students begin to write original stories after writing personal narratives and retellings
Students learn to write more effective stories by examining elements of story structure, reading lots of stories
Writing stories themselves
Assessing Students’ Stories
Teachers consider four components in assessing students’ storiesStudents’ knowledge of the elements
of story structureTheir applications of the elements in
writingTheir use of the writing processQuality of the finished stories
Assessing Students’ Stories
In regard to learning about the story elements, teachers should consider whether the studentDefined or identified the characteristics of
the elementExplained how the element was used in a
particular wayApplied the element in the story that he or
she wrote
Assessing Students’ Stories
Teachers observe students as they write to answer the questionsDid the student write a rough draft?Did the student participate in a writing
group?Did the student revise the story according to
feedback received from writing group?
Assessing Students’ Stories
Did the student complete a revision checklist?
Did the student proofread the story and correct as many mechanical errors as possible?
Did the student share the story?
Assessing Students’ Stories
To assess the quality of the story, teachers should ask Is the story interesting? Is the story well organized?