Read the following quotes and Read the following quotes and analyze their meanings using 3-4 analyze their meanings using 3-4

sentencessentences““By nature, men are nearly alike; by By nature, men are nearly alike; by

practice, they get to be wide apart.” practice, they get to be wide apart.” ““When we see men of a contrary When we see men of a contrary

character, we should turn inwards and character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.” examine ourselves.”

The determined scholar and the man of The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to live at the expense virtue will not seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete. complete.

Empires of Ancient India and Empires of Ancient India and ChinaChina

(Chapter 4 Sections 3,4,and 5)(Chapter 4 Sections 3,4,and 5)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prQOdTmF8u0v=prQOdTmF8u0

The Complex Caste SystemThe Complex Caste System

Caste was closely linked to Hindu beliefs. Caste was closely linked to Hindu beliefs. To Hindus, people in different castes were To Hindus, people in different castes were

different species of being.different species of being. For example, a high caste Brahmin was For example, a high caste Brahmin was

purer and closer to moksha than someone purer and closer to moksha than someone from a lower caste.from a lower caste.

The lowest ranked were known as the The lowest ranked were known as the Untouchables (ex. Digging graves, Untouchables (ex. Digging graves, cleaning streets, or turning animals into cleaning streets, or turning animals into leather) leather)

Family LifeFamily Life

The ideal family The ideal family was the joint family was the joint family in which parents, in which parents, children, children, grandchildren, grandchildren, uncles and their uncles and their offspring shared a offspring shared a common dwelling.common dwelling.

Village LifeVillage Life

People from all different types of People from all different types of castes lived in the villages.castes lived in the villages.

Castes might included priests, Castes might included priests, landowners, herders, and farmers.landowners, herders, and farmers.

They produced their own food and They produced their own food and goods that they needed.goods that they needed.

ConfuciusConfucius

ConfucianismConfucianism

Confucius was not concerned with Confucius was not concerned with religion. He was concerned with religion. He was concerned with worldly goals.worldly goals.

Confucius taught that harmony Confucius taught that harmony resulted when people accepted their resulted when people accepted their place in society.place in society.

The Five relationshipsThe Five relationships

Father to son (filial piety)Father to son (filial piety)Brother to younger brotherBrother to younger brotherHusband to wife Husband to wife Ruler to subjectRuler to subjectFriend to friendFriend to friend

Except for friendship he believed that Except for friendship he believed that nonenone

of these relationships were equal.of these relationships were equal.

DaoismDaoism "Where there is "Where there is

impossibility, there is impossibility, there is possibility; and where possibility; and where there is possibility, there there is possibility, there is impossibility. It is is impossibility. It is because there is right, because there is right, that there is wrong; it is that there is wrong; it is because there is wrong, because there is wrong, there is there is right...Thereupon the right...Thereupon the self is also the other; the self is also the other; the other is also the self.“other is also the self.“

-Zhuangzi-ZhuangziLaozi Laozi

………….Continued.Continued

Laozi looked focused on the simple Laozi looked focused on the simple ways of nature.ways of nature.

Daoists rejected conflict and strife.Daoists rejected conflict and strife.They wanted to end conflict between They wanted to end conflict between

human desire and the simple ways of human desire and the simple ways of nature.nature.

Many Daoists became hermits, Many Daoists became hermits, artists, and poets. artists, and poets.

Buddhism in ChinaBuddhism in China

……..Continued..Continued

Buddhism became popular in China Buddhism became popular in China because of its promise of escape because of its promise of escape from suffering.from suffering.

Through prayer, good works, and Through prayer, good works, and devotion, anyone could hope to gain devotion, anyone could hope to gain salvation.salvation.

Review Questions Review Questions ( ( Answer in complete Answer in complete

sentencessentences))1. How did the Hindu people view the caste system?1. How did the Hindu people view the caste system?2.Who was at the bottom of the caste system? 2.Who was at the bottom of the caste system?

Provide examples of the type of occupations Provide examples of the type of occupations that were at the bottom of the caste system.that were at the bottom of the caste system.

3. Describe family life for Hindus.3. Describe family life for Hindus.4. What was village life like for Hindus?4. What was village life like for Hindus?5. What were some of the beliefs of Confucianism?5. What were some of the beliefs of Confucianism?6. Who founded Daoism? What were the views of 6. Who founded Daoism? What were the views of

Daoists?Daoists?7. What did certain Daoists do that wanted to 7. What did certain Daoists do that wanted to

escape the world?escape the world?8. Why was Buddhism popular in China? How did 8. Why was Buddhism popular in China? How did

they believe they could achieve salvation? they believe they could achieve salvation?