re-struct fibreglass structural profiles design guide · for producing continuous lengths of...

Fibreglass RE-STRUCT Structural Profiles Design Guide

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Contents:

1. Pultrusion Process 1 2. Standard Resin Systems for Structural Shapes 2 3. Chemical Resistance Guide 3

3.1 Standard Tolerances 4

4. Typical Material Properties 9

5. Material Comparison 10

5.1 Comparative Performance of Pultruded Sections and Steel Sections 11

5.2 Comparative Properties with Other Materials 12

6. Tolerances 14

6.1 Standard Tolerances 14 6.2 Physical Tolerances 15

7. Mechanical Properties 16

7.1 Flexural Members 16 7.2 Strength 17

8. Load Tables 18

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1. Pultrusion Process

RE-STRUCT is manufactured by the pultrusion process. Pultrusion is a manufacturing process for producing continuous lengths of fibreglass structural shapes. Raw materials include a liquid resin mixture (containing resin, fillers and specialized additives) and reinforcing fibres. The process involves pulling these raw materials (rather than pushing as is the case in extrusion) through a heated steel forming die using a continuous pulling device. The reinforcement materials are in continuous forms such as rolls of fibreglass mat or doffs of fibreglass roving. As the reinforcements are saturated with the resin mixture ("wet-out") in the resin impregnator and pulled through the die, the gelation (or hardening) of the resin is initiated by the heat from the die and a rigid, cured profile is formed that corresponds to the shape of the die.

While pultrusion machine design varies with part geometry, the basic pultrusion process concept is described in the following schematic.

The creels position the reinforcements for subsequent feeding into the guides. The reinforcement must be located properly within the composite and controlled by the reinforcement guides.

The resin impregnator saturates (wets out) the reinforcement with a solution containing the resin, fillers, pigment, and catalyst plus any other additives required. The interior of the resin impregnator is carefully designed to optimize the "wet-out" (complete saturation) of the reinforcements.

On exiting the resin impregnator, the reinforcements are organized and positioned for the eventual placement within the cross section form by the pre-former. The pre-former is an array of tooling which squeezes away excess resin as the product is moving forward and gently shapes the materials prior to entering the die. In the die the thermosetting reaction is heat activated (energy is primarily supplied electrically) and the composite is cured (hardened).

On exiting the die, the cured profile is pulled to the saw for cutting to length. It is necessary to cool the hot part before it is gripped by the pull block (made of durable urethane foam) to prevent cracking and/or deformation by the pull blocks. Two distinct pulling systems are used: a caterpillar counter-rotating type and a hand-over-hand reciprocating type.

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2. Standard Resin Systems for Structural Shapes

Isophthalic Resin Offers good chemical resistance, up to 650C they generally exhibit excellent resistance to water, weak acids and alkalis, and good resistance to solvents and petroleum products.

Isophthalic resins may be formulated to give a good surface appearance to the finished profile and will contain UV inhibitors to reduce the effect of UV degradation on the finished profile.

Vinyl Ester Resin Offers excellent chemical resistance characteristics. Resistant to a wide variety of high concentrations of acids and alkalis and many solvents. Maximum operating temperatures are 100 to 1250C in most applications, other versions are available that will withstand higher temperatures.

As with Isophthalic resins, additives may be included to improve UV stability and fire performance.

Speciality Resins Relinea can supply profiles that can meet specialist requirements such as a very high fire rating. For more information please contact us directly.

Note: The general guidelines in selection of resin types depend on the following

1. The corrosive environment

2. Normal operating concentration, including minimum and maximum concentration

3. Normal operating temperature, including minimum and maximum temperature

N

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3. Chemical Resistance Guide

The chemical and corrosion resistance properties of pultrusions are predominantly attributed to the resin matrix used, because it protects the fibres. The fibres themselves may have different corrosion resistance properties. The data in this chemical resistance guide is based on field service performance, laboratory testing and extrapolated values from resin manufacturers’ recommendations. Data shown is intended as a guide only. It is recommended that for a specific application testing be done in the actual chemical environment. Chemical and corrosion attack can occur on the product surface or end. The presence of a resin rich barrier layer on the surface will enhance the degree of corrosion resistance and is achieved by the use of a surface mat or veil. The cut ends or machined holes of the profile are particularly vulnerable to chemical /corrosion attack because the fibres are exposed to the environment. Relinea recommends that all cut ends and fabricated holes are sealed to protect them from corrosion attack. If this is not done the corrosion resistance of the fibre itself becomes an important consideration because the resin does not effectively protect the fibre from attack along the fibre-resin interface. The following conditions will affect the suitability of a specific resin laminate:

1. Periodic changes in temperature

2. Temperature spikes

3. Changes in chemical concentrations

4. Combinations of chemicals

5. Exposure to vapours only

6. Exposure to frequent splashes and spills

7. Exposure to intermittent splashes and spills

8. Frequency of maintenance wash down

9. Load bearing or non-load bearing requirements

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3.1 Chemical Resistance Charts

CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT CONCENTRATION (%)

MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURE (°C)

ISOPTHALIC VINYLESTER

Acetaldehyde All N/R N/R Acetic Acid 25 25 95 Acetic Acid 75 N/R 65 Acetic Acid 100 N/R N/R Acetic Anhydride All N/R N/R Acetone 100 N/R N/R

Acrylonitrile All N/R N/R Alcohol, Butyl All 25 50 Alcohol, Ethyl 10 N/R 65 Alcohol, Ethyl 100 N/R 30 Alcohol, Isopropyl 10 N/R 65 Alcohol, Isopropyl 100 N/R 25

Alcohol, Methyl 10 N/R 65 Alcohol, Methyl 100 N/R N/R Aluminium Chloride All 60 95 Aluminium Hydroxide 5 25 50 Aluminium Nitrate All 30 70

Aluminium Potassium Sulphate

All 40 70

Ammonium AQ 10 N/R 35 Ammonium Gas All N/R 35 Ammonium Bicarbonate 10 25 50 Ammonium Bisulphite All N/R 50 Ammonium Carbonate All N/R 50 Ammonium Citrate All 35 50 Ammonium Fluoride All N/R 50 Ammonium Hydroxide 5 25 50 Ammonium Hydroxide 10 25 50

Ammonium Hydroxide 20 N/R 50 Ammonium Nitrate 20 35 70 Ammonium Persulphate All N/R 50 Ammonium Phosphate All N/R 50 Ammonium Sulphate All 70 95 Barium Acetate All N/R 80 Barium Chloride All 50 95 Barium Hydroxide All N/R 50 Benzene All N/R N/R Benzene Sulphonic Acid 50 25 60 Benzoic Acid All 25 95

Benzyl Alcohol All N/R 25

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CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT

CONCENTRATION (%)



Benzyl Chloride All N/R N/R Butyl Acetate All N/R N/R Butyric Acid 0-50% 25 95 Butylene Glycol All 25 70 Cadmium Chloride All 25 80 Calcium Chlorate All 50 80 Calcium Chloride All 50 80 Calcium Hydroxide All - 50

Calcium Hypochlorite All 25 50 Calcium Nitrate All 40 95 Carbon Dioxide All 95 95 Carbon Disulphide All N/R N/R Carbon Monoxide All 95 95 Carbon Tetrachloride All N/R 40 Castor Oil All 25 70 Chlorine / Dry Gas All N/R 70 Chlorine / Wet Gas All N/R 70 Chlorine, Liquid All N/R N/R Chlorine, Water All N/R 75

Chlorobenzene All N/R N/R Chromic Acid 20 N/R 50 Chromic Acid 30 N/R N/R Chromium Sulphate All 70 70 Citric Acid All 70 70 Copper Sulphate All 70 70 Corn Oil All 25 80 Crude Oil All 25 70 Cyclohexane All 25 50 Dibromo Phenol All N/R N/R Dibutyl Ether All N/R 50

Dichloro Benzene All N/R N/R Dichloro Ethylene All N/R N/R Diesel Fuel All 40 80 Diethylene Glycol All 60 80 Dipropylene Glycol All 60 80 Esters – Fatty Acids All 70 70 Ethyl Acetate All N/R N/R Ethyl Benzene All N/R 25 Ethyl Ether All N/R N/R Ethylene Glycol All 25 95 Ethylene Dichloride All N/R N/R

Fatty Acids All 25 95 Ferric Chloride All 50 95

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CONCENTRATION (%)



Ferrous Nitrate All 50 95 Ferrous Sulphate All 50 95 Fertiliser – Urea (Ammonium Nitrate)

All N/R 50

Formic Acid 10 25 70 Fuel Oil All 25 70 Gasoline All 25 50 Glucose All 70 70

Glycerine All 50 70 Glycolic Acid All 25 80 Heptane All 25 70 Hexane All 25 70 Hydraulic Fluid All 25 70 Hydrochloric Acid 10 25 80

Hydrochloric Acid 37 N/R 65 Hydrofluoric Acid 10 N/R 65 Hydrofluoric Acid 20 N/R 35 Hydrogen Bromide, Wet Gas All N/R 70 Hydrogen Chloride, Dry Gas All N/R -

Hydrogen Chloride – Wet Gas All N/R 80 Hydrogen Peroxide 30 N/R 50 Hydrogen Sulphide, aqueous All 25 60 Isopropyl Amine All N/R 40 Kerosene All 25 80 Lactic Acid All 25 95 Lauryl Chloride All N/R 70 Lead Acetate All 60 90 Linseed Oil All 50 90 Magnesium Chloride All 50 90 Magnesium Hydroxide All N/R 60

Magnesium sulphate All 50 90 Maleic Acid All 70 90 Methylene Chloride All N/R N/R Methyl Ethyl Ketone All N/R N/R Methyl Isobutyl Ketone All N/R N/R Methyl Styrene All N/R N/R Mineral Oils All 70 90 Motor Oils All 70 90 Naptha All 25 90 Nickel Chloride All 50 90 Nickel Nitrate All 50 90

Nickel Sulphate All 50 90 Nitric Acid 5 35 70

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CONCENTRATION (%)



Nitric Acid 20 N/R 50 Nitric Acid Fumes All N/R 60 Oil, Sour Crude All 50 90 Oil, Sweet Crude All 50 90 Oleum All N/R N/R Olive Oil All 60 90 Oxalic Acid All 60 90 Phenol All N/R N/R

Phenol, Sulphonic Acid All N/R N/R Phosphoric Acid 50 25 90 Phosphorous Trichloride All N/R N/R Polyvinyl Alcohol All 30 40 Potassium Bicarbonate All 25 60 Potassium Carbonate 10 25 60 Potassium Chloride All 40 90 Potassium Hydroxide 10 N/R 65 Potassium Permanganate All 25 70 Potassium Sulphate All 25 70 Proprionic Acid 50 N/R 50

Proprionic Acid 100 N/R N/R Propylene Glycol All 50 90 Pyridine All N/R N/R Silver Nitrate All 25 70 Soaps All 25 60 Sodium Acetate All 50 70 Sodium Bicarbonate All 40 80 Sodium Bifluoride All 40 50 Sodium Bisulphate All 60 95 Sodium Bisulphite All 60 95 Sodium Bromide All 60 95

Sodium Carbonate 10 N/R 70 Sodium Chlorate 10 25 70 Sodium Chloride All 40 70 Sodium Cyanide All 25 60 Sodium Dichromate All 25 70 Sodium Ferricyanide All 40 70 Sodium Fluorosilicate All N/R 40 Sodium Hydroxide 5 N/R 70 Sodium Hydroxide 25 N/R 65 Sodium Hydroxide 50 N/R 60 Sodium Hypochloride 10 25 55

Sodium Lauryl Sulphate All 60 70 Sodium Mono Phosphate All 60 95

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CONCENTRATION (%)



Sodium Nitrate All 25 95 Sodium Sulphite All 25 95 Sodium Thiocyanate All N/R 70 Sodium Thiosulphate All 30 70 Soya Oil All 60 95 Stannic Chloride All 50 95 Stearic Acid All 25 95 Styrene All N/R N/R

Sugar Liquor All 25 70 Sulphur Dioxide, Dry or Wet All N/R 70 Sulphuric Acid 30 25 70 Sulphuric Acid 50 N/R 50 Sulphuric Acid 70 N/R 40 Tannic Acid All 30 65 Toluene All N/R 25 Transformer Oils – Mineral All 60 90 Transformer Oils – Chloro Phenyl Types

All N/R N/R

Trichloroacetic Acid 50 25 90

Trichloroethylene All N/R N/R Trisodium Phosphate All 25 70 Turpentine All N/R 40 Urea 50 N/R 40 Vegetable Oils All 40 70 Vinyl Acetate All N/R N/R Water – Demineralised All 50 80 Xylene All N/R N/R Zinc Nitrate All 60 90 Zinc Sulphate All 50 90

N/R – Not recommended

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4. Typical Material Properties

Property Test method Unit Value LW/CW

Tensile Strength ASTM D638/GB1447-83 N/mm2 207/48

Tensile Modulus ASTM D638/GB1447-83 kN/mm2 17.2/5.5

Flexural Strength ASTM D790/GB1449-83 N/mm2 207/69

Flexural Modulus ASTM D790/GB1449-83 kN/mm2 13.8/5.5

Compressive Strength ASTM D695/GB1448-83 N/mm2 207/103

Compressive Modulus ASTM D695/GB1448-83 kN/mm2 19.2/7.2

Inter Laminar Shear (LW) ASTM D2344/GB3357-82 N/mm2 24.5

Impact Strength ISO 179/GB1451-83 kJ/m2 279

Barcol Hardness ASTM D2583 -- 50

Elongation to Break ASTM D638/GB1447-83 % 0.9

Water Absorption (Max.) ASTM D570/GB1462 % 0.57

Density ASTM D792 g/cm3 1.6-1.9

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

ASTM D696/GB2572-82 10-6/0C 5.1

Tunnel Test (Max.) ASTM E-84 -- 25

Flammability Extinguishing ASTM D635 -- Self-Extinguishing

Arc Resistance (LW) ASTM D495/GB1411-78 Second 120

Dielectric Constant (PF) ASTM D150/GB1409-79 @60Hz 5

Dielectric Strength (PF) ASTM D149/GB1408-78 kV/mm 8

Dielectric Strength (LW) ASTM D149/GB1408-78 kV/mm 1.6

Surface Resistance ASTM D257/GB1410-78 Ω 1015-1012

Volume Resistance ASTM D257/GB1410-78 Ω.cm 1015-1012

Note: LW = Longitudinal CW = Transverse PF = Perpendicular to Laminate Face

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5. Material Comparison There are a number of differences between designing with pultrusions and designing with conventional materials. The designer, whilst following the guidelines in the pultrusion guide should remain aware of the following Anisotropic Pultruded profiles are not homogeneous or isotropic. The mechanical properties are directional and it is important to consider both the transverse and longitudinal cases. Modulus of Elasticity Pultruded profiles tend to have a high strength to stiffness ratio. Whilst the strength is comparable, the modulus of elasticity of pultrusions is approximately one-tenth that of steel. As a result the deflection may be the controlling design factor. Shear Modulus The shear Modulus of pultrusions is relatively low compared with metals. Temperature Pultrusions do not perform as well as metals at elevated temperatures, as they are susceptible to property degradation. Resins need to be carefully selected for continuous operation at elevated temperature. However in cold temperatures the mechanical properties of pultruded sections improve. Comparative Performance of Pultruded and Steel Sections The following table attempts to illustrate some of the above points. The material property data, which has been used, is typical of the GRPStruct range of profiles It can be seen that the tensile strength of the pultrusion is higher in this case than steel, but the tensile modulus of steel is higher than the pultrusion. The strength performance is compared by considering the bending moment at which it will fail. It can be seen that the pultruded sections can sustain much higher loads than the steel sections. The steel sections are much stiffer then the pultrusions and deflection may be the controlling designing factor. When specific properties (performance per weight) are considered, the pultrusions have excellent tensile and flexural strengths and the specific stiffness is of the same order as the steel sections. If necessary the designer has the option to increase the overall dimensions whilst maintaining the cross sectional area thus increasing dramatically the stiffness of the pultruded section and achieving a considerable weight saving over a steel section of comparable stiffness.

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5.1 Comparative Performance of Pultruded Sections and Steel Sections

Property

SI Unit

Steel Box (50*50*3)

GRP Box (50*50*5.57)

GRP Box (50*50*4)

STEEL Angle (50*50*6)

GRP Angle (50*50*5.75)

Tensile Strength N/mm2 265 300 300 265 300

Flexural Strength

kN/mm2 2.4 4.8 3.5 1.0 1.1 (Bending Moment @ Failure)

Tensile Modulus kN/mm2 210 19 19 210 19

Flexural Rigidity kN.m² 44 6.6 5.6 28 3

Density kg/m3 7800 1650 1650 7800 1650

Specific Tensile Strength

N/mm2 34 180 180 34 180

Specific Flexural Strength

kN/mm2 0.31 2.9 2.1 0.13 3.67

Specific Tensile Modulus

kN/mm2 27 12 12 27 12

Specific Flexural Rigidity

kN.m2 5.6 4 3.4 3.6 1.8

Weight kg/m 4.4 1.7 1.2 4.7 0.95

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5.2 Comparative Properties with Other Materials

Property

SI Unit

GRPStruct

Aluminium T651

Mild Steel

Stainless Steel - 316

Density Mg/m³ 1.8 2.7 7.8 7.9

Tensile Strength (L/T) N/mm² 207 310 414 552

Tensile Modulus (L/T) kN/mm² 17 69 207 193

Flexural Modulus (L/T) N/mm² 207 310 414 552

Flexural Modulus (L/C) kN/mm² 17 69 207 193

Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion

*106/°K

10

24

13

17

Thermal Conductivity W/m.°K 0.6 170 35-60 15-25

Designing with RE-STRUCT is similar to designing with conventional materials. The designer should however consider the following

High Strength – RE-STRUCT is stronger than steel on a weight per weight basis and can be used to form considerable weight bearing structures.

Modulus of Elasticity – RE-STRUCT has a lower modulus of elasticity than steel. Deflection can be a limiting design factor.

Shear Modulus – RE-STRUCT has a lower shear modulus than steel and aluminium

Lightweight – RE-STRUCT weighs approximately 30% less than aluminium and 80% less than steel, resulting in structures, which can easily be transported, handled and lifted into place.

Temperature – RE-STRUCT becomes stronger in cold temperatures, but may suffer from slight degradation at higher temperatures.

When specific properties (performance per weight) are considered, pultrusions have excellent tensile and flexural strengths. The designer has the option of increasing the stiffness of the pultruded section by increasing the overall dimensions whilst maintaining cross sectional area

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6. Tolerances

6.1 Standard Tolerances

Nominal Dimension B D

Up to 49.9mm 0.20mm 0.20mm

50 – 99.9mm 0.30mm 0.30mm

100 – 299.9mm 0.35mm 0.35mm

300mm + 0.45mm 0.45mm

Nominal Thickness T Tc

Up to 4.99mm 0.20mm 0.35mm

5 – 9.99mm 0.35mm 0. 45mm

10mm 0.45mm 0.50mm

Tc is a thickness dimension that is governed not by die cavity but by mandrel position, i.e. a closed profile thickness.

Where possible, dimensions shall be measured in such a way as to reduce any angle effect present.

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6.2 Physical Tolerances

Bow (straightness)

D=1mm/m

See note below for

longer lengths

Twist

A - 1°/m cumulative

Flatness

D = 0.008 x B (mm)

Angularity

A ±1.5°

Cut Squareness

A ±2°

Cut Tolerances Up to 7m

7m +

-0, +25mm

-0, +50mm

Note: Bow or Straightness is measured with the profile on its side, not under its own weight. The formula to be used for calculating the bow for different length profile is: D(mm) = L(m)2 . For example, the maximum bow allowed on a 2.5m length is 1x2.5² or 6.25mm. Similarly, for a 6m length it is 1x6² or 36mm. A tighter tolerance can be negotiated if the application demands.it.

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7. Mechanical Properties The mechanical properties of pultruded profiles depend on a number of factors including quantity and type of reinforcement, resin type, resin formulation and profile geometry. For the profiles in the RE-STRUCT range every effort has been made to standardise the construction in order to give the best balance of properties for the majority of structural applications. However, because of differences in profile geometry and because the range includes different resin grades, the mechanical properties of one particular profile type can differ from those of another. Consequently Relinea has made the decision to adopt a set of standardised values, which the design engineer can use with confidence for all the profiles in the range. The values chosen are the characteristic material properties for pultrusions as defined in the Structural Design of Polymer Composites – EUROCOMP Design Code and Handbook1. These values were chosen because they form part of a unified design code for structural composite materials, which is readily accessible to all design engineers. Testing of RE-STRUCT profiles has shown that the EUROCOMP values may be treated as minimum guaranteed properties. EUROCOMP Design Code Characteristic Material Properties – Pultrusion (1:1 Mat/Roving Construction)

Property Symbol Characteristic Value

Tensile Strength (Longitudinal) x,t,k 207 N/mm2

Tensile Strength (Transverse) y,t,k 48 N/mm2

Tensile Modulus (Longitudinal) Ex,t,k 17.2 kN/mm2

Tensile Modulus (Transverse) Ey,t,k 5.5 kN/mm2

Compressive Strength (Longitudinal) x,c,k 207 N/mm2

Compressive Strength (Transverse) y,c,k 103 N/mm2

Compressive Modulus (Longitudinal) Ex,c,k 17.2 kN/mm2

Compressive Modulus (Transverse) Ey,c,k 6.9 kN/mm2

Shear Strength (in plane) xy,k 31 N/mm2

Shear Modulus (in plane) G xy,k 2.9 kN/mm2

Flexural Strength (Longitudinal) x,b,k 207 N/mm2

Flexural Strength (Transverse) y,b,k 69 N/mm2

Flexural Modulus (Longitudinal) Ex,b,k 13.8 kN/mm2

Flexural Modulus (Transverse) Ey,b,k 5.5 kN/mm2

Poisson’s Ratio (Longitudinal) xy 0.33

Poisson’s Ratio (Transverse) yx 0.11

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7.1 Flexural Members (Beams) For flexural members (beams) the most common limit states to be considered are deflection under load (serviceability limit state), strength (ultimate limit state) and stability or resistance to buckling (ultimate limit state). Under normal loading conditions at ambient

temperature and in a non-aggressive environment material coefficients of m = 3 for strength

and m = 1.3 for stiffness must be assumed. For other conditions, please seek advice. Deflection The deflection under load of a RE-STRUCT flexural member is the sum of the deflection due to bending and the deflection due to shear and is given by

⁄

⁄

Where,

= Total Deflection Fv = Total vertical load on the beam L = Span EI = Appropriate flexural rigidity of the full section Av = shear area of the web(s) Gxy = in-plane shear modulus of the web(s) k1, k2 = Factors depending on the type of loading and the end conditions Selected values for k1 and k2 are given in the table below

End Conditions Loading Type k1 k2

Simply supported at ends Point load at centre 1/48 1/4

Simply supported at ends Uniformly distributed 5/384 1/8

Fixed at ends Uniformly distributed 1/384 1/24

Cantilever Point load at end 1/3 1

Cantilever Uniformly distributed 1/8 1/2

Note that for beams with a span/depth ratio of 25 or greater the deflection due to shear is small compared to the deflection due to bending and the shear term in the above equation may be ignored.

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7.2 Strength The flexural stress in a beam is given by:

⁄

Where,

x,b = Flexural stress at a given cross section M = Bending moment at that cross section Wyy = Section modulus of the beam in the direction of loading The flexural stress in the beam should not exceed the design flexural strength of the material. For RE-STRUCT profiles under normal loading conditions

⁄

⁄ ⁄

The shear stress in a beam is given by :

⁄

Where,

xy = Shear stress at a given cross section Fv = Shear force at that cross section Av = Area of the web(s) The shear stress in the beam should not exceed the design shear strength of the material. For RE-STRUCT profiles under normal loading conditions

⁄ ⁄

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8. Load tables The following load tables have been calculated for the RE-STRUCT profiles in the orientations shown and give the maximum recommended uniformly distributed loads (in newtons per mm of beam length) for a simply supported beam over a single span under the various limit states quoted. The tables are based on the profiles being used at ambient temperature and

in a non-aggressive environment so material coefficients of m = 3 for strength and m = 1.3 for stiffness have been assumed. If the profiles are likely to be used at elevated temperatures or in aggressive environments then further safety factors should be applied. The tables have been generated using the above equations.

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RE-STRUCT - 50*50*6mm Angle

Maximum Total Allowable Uniform Load (kN)

Span Laterally Supported

(Mm) Ultimate Serviceability Limit State (Based on Maximum Allowable Deflection)

Limit State L/150 L/200 L/250 L/300 L/350 L/400

500 1.94 - - 1.85 1.54 1.32 1.15

600 1.59 - - 1.32 1.1 0.94 0.82

700 1.35 - 1.23 0.98 0.82 0.7 0.61

800 1.17 - 0.95 0.76 0.63 0.54 0.47

900 1.03 1.01 0.76 0.6 0.5 0.43 0.37

1000 0.93 0.82 0.61 0.49 0.41 0.35 0.3

1100 0.84 0.68 0.51 0.4 0.33 0.29 0.25

1200 0.77 0.57 0.42 0.34 0.28 0.24 0.21

1300 0.7 0.48 0.36 0.29 0.24 0.2 0.17

1400 0.65 0.42 0.31 0.24 0.2 0.17 0.15

1500 0.61 0.36 0.27 0.21 0.17 0.15 0.13

1600 0.57 0.31 0.23 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.11

1700 0.53 0.28 0.2 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.09

1800 0.5 0.24 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.08

1900 0.47 0.22 0.16 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.07

2000 0.44 0.19 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.06

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(Mm) Ultimate Serviceability Limit State (Based on Maximum Allowable

Deflection)


800 4.82 - - 4.06 3.38 2.9 2.53

1000 3.79 - 3.35 2.68 2.23 1.91 1.66

1200 3.12 - 2.36 1.88 1.56 1.34 1.17

1400 2.65 2.33 1.74 1.39 1.15 0.98 0.86

1600 2.3 1.79 1.33 1.06 0.88 0.75 0.65

1800 2.04 1.41 1.05 0.83 0.68 0.58 0.5

2000 1.82 1.13 0.84 0.66 0.55 0.46 0.4

2200 1.64 0.93 0.68 0.54 0.44 0.37 0.32

2400 1.5 0.77 0.56 0.44 0.36 0.3 0.26

2600 1.37 0.64 0.47 0.36 0.29 0.24 0.21

2800 1.27 0.54 0.39 0.3 0.24 0.2 0.17

3000 1.17 0.46 0.33 0.25 0.2 0.16 0.13

3200 1.09 0.39 0.28 0.21 0.16 0.13 0.1

3400 1.02 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.13 0.1 0.08

3600 0.95 0.29 0.2 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.06

3800 0.89 0.25 0.17 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.04

4000 0.84 0.21 0.14 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.03

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(Mm) Ultimate Serviceability Limit State (Based on Maximum Allowable Deflection)


1000 4.62 - - - - 4.59 4.01

1250 3.62 - - - 3.54 3.03 2.65

1500 2.97 - - - 2.49 2.13 1.86

1750 2.52 - - 2.21 1.83 1.56 1.36

2000 2.18 - 2.12 1.69 1.4 1.19 1.03

2250 1.92 - 1.67 1.32 1.09 0.92 0.8

2500 1.71 - 1.33 1.05 0.86 0.73 0.63

2750 1.53 1.48 1.08 0.85 0.69 0.58 0.5

3000 1.39 1.22 0.89 0.69 0.56 0.47 0.4

3250 1.27 1.02 0.74 0.57 0.46 0.38 0.32

3500 1.16 0.86 0.62 0.47 0.37 0.3 0.25

3750 1.07 0.73 0.52 0.39 0.3 0.24 0.2

4000 0.98 0.62 0.43 0.32 0.25 0.19 0.15

4250 0.91 0.53 0.36 0.26 0.2 0.15 0.11

4500 0.84 0.45 0.3 0.21 0.15 0.11 0.08

4750 0.78 0.38 0.25 0.17 0.11 0.08 0.05

5000 0.73 0.32 0.2 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.02

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RE-STRUCT - 51*51*3.2mm Sq. Box



(mm) Ultimate Serviceability Limit State (Based on Maximum Allowable Deflection)


500 5.86 5.25 3.94 3.15 2.62 2.25 1.97

600 5.86 3.83 2.87 2.29 1.91 1.64 1.43

700 5.86 2.9 2.17 1.73 1.44 1.24 1.08

800 5.86 2.26 1.69 1.35 1.13 0.96 0.84

900 5.52 1.81 1.35 1.08 0.9 0.77 0.67

1000 4.96 1.48 1.11 0.88 0.73 0.63 0.55

1100 4.51 1.23 0.92 0.73 0.61 0.52 0.45

1200 4.13 1.04 0.77 0.62 0.51 0.44 0.38

1300 3.81 0.88 0.66 0.52 0.44 0.37 0.32

1400 3.54 0.76 0.57 0.45 0.37 0.32 0.28

1500 3.3 0.66 0.49 0.39 0.32 0.28 0.24

1600 3.09 0.58 0.43 0.34 0.28 0.24 0.21

1700 2.91 0.51 0.38 0.3 0.25 0.21 0.18

1800 2.74 0.46 0.34 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.16

1900 2.6 0.41 0.3 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.14

2000 2.47 0.36 0.27 0.21 0.17 0.14 0.12

2100 2.35 0.33 0.24 0.19 0.15 0.13 0.11

2200 2.24 0.3 0.22 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.1

2300 2.14 0.27 0.2 0.15 0.12 0.1 0.09

2400 2.05 0.24 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.08

2500 1.96 0.22 0.16 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.07

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500 9.99 8.46 6.34 5.07 4.23 3.62 3.17

600 9.99 6.15 4.61 3.68 3.07 2.63 2.30

700 9.99 4.64 3.48 2.78 2.32 1.98 1.73

800 9.90 3.62 2.71 2.17 1.80 1.54 1.35

900 8.80 2.89 2.17 1.73 1.44 1.23 1.07

1000 7.92 2.36 1.77 1.41 1.17 1.00 0.87

1100 7.19 1.96 1.47 1.17 0.97 0.83 0.72

1200 6.59 1.65 1.23 0.98 0.81 0.69 0.60

1300 6.08 1.41 1.05 0.83 0.69 0.59 0.51

1400 5.64 1.21 0.90 0.72 0.59 0.50 0.44

1500 5.26 1.05 0.78 0.62 0.51 0.44 0.38

1600 4.93 0.92 0.68 0.54 0.45 0.38 0.33

1700 4.63 0.81 0.60 0.48 0.39 0.33 0.28

1800 4.37 0.72 0.53 0.42 0.34 0.29 0.25

1900 4.14 0.64 0.47 0.37 0.30 0.25 0.22

2000 3.93 0.58 0.42 0.33 0.27 0.22 0.19

2100 3.74 0.52 0.38 0.29 0.24 0.2 0.17

2200 3.56 0.47 0.34 0.26 0.21 0.18 0.15

2300 3.41 0.42 0.31 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.13

2400 3.26 0.38 0.27 0.21 0.17 0.14 0.11

2500 3.13 0.35 0.25 0.19 0.15 0.12 0.10

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500 9.48 - 8.21 6.56 5.47 4.69 4.10

600 9.48 8.09 6.07 4.85 4.04 3.46 3.03

700 9.47 6.19 4.64 3.71 3.09 2.64 2.31

800 9.47 4.86 3.64 2.91 2.42 2.08 1.81

900 9.47 3.91 2.93 2.34 1.95 1.67 1.46

1000 9.29 3.21 2.40 1.92 1.59 1.36 1.19

1100 8.44 2.67 2.00 1.60 1.33 1.13 0.99

1200 7.73 2.26 1.69 1.35 1.12 0.96 0.83

1300 7.14 1.93 1.44 1.15 0.95 0.82 0.71

1400 6.62 1.67 1.25 0.99 0.82 0.70 0.61

1500 6.18 1.46 1.08 0.86 0.71 0.61 0.53

1600 5.79 1.28 0.95 0.76 0.63 0.53 0.46

1700 5.44 1.13 0.84 0.67 0.55 0.47 0.41

1800 5.14 1.01 0.75 0.59 0.49 0.41 0.36

1900 4.86 0.90 0.67 0.53 0.43 0.37 0.32

2000 4.62 0.81 0.60 0.47 0.39 0.33 0.28

2100 4.39 0.73 0.54 0.42 0.35 0.29 0.25

2200 4.19 0.66 0.49 0.38 0.31 0.26 0.22

2300 4.01 0.60 0.44 0.34 0.28 0.23 0.20

2400 3.84 0.55 0.40 0.31 0.25 0.21 0.18

2500 3.68 0.50 0.36 0.28 0.23 0.19 0.16

2600 3.53 0.46 0.33 0.26 0.21 0.17 0.14

2700 3.40 0.42 0.30 0.23 0.19 0.15 0.13

2800 3.27 0.38 0.28 0.21 0.17 0.14 0.11

2900 3.16 0.35 0.25 0.19 0.15 0.12 0.10

3000 3.05 0.33 0.23 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.09

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RE-STRUCT - 150*50*6mm Channel





1000 13.06 - - - 10.95 9.38 8.21

1250 10.44 - - 9.14 7.61 6.52 5.70

1500 8.69 - 8.32 6.65 5.53 4.74 4.14

1750 7.44 - 6.28 5.02 4.18 3.57 3.12

2000 6.50 - 4.90 3.91 3.25 2.78 2.43

2250 5.77 5.23 3.91 3.12 2.59 2.21 1.93

2500 5.18 4.26 3.18 2.54 2.10 1.79 1.56

2750 4.70 3.54 2.64 2.10 1.74 1.48 1.29

3000 4.29 2.97 2.21 1.76 1.45 1.24 1.07

3250 3.95 2.53 1.88 1.49 1.23 1.04 0.90

3500 3.66 2.17 1.61 1.27 1.05 0.89 0.77

3750 3.40 1.88 1.39 1.10 0.90 0.76 0.65

4000 3.18 1.64 1.21 0.95 0.78 0.65 0.56

4250 2.98 1.44 1.06 0.83 0.67 0.56 0.48

4500 2.81 1.27 0.93 0.72 0.59 0.49 0.41

4750 2.65 1.13 0.82 0.63 0.51 0.42 0.36

5000 2.50 1.00 0.72 0.56 0.44 0.37 0.31

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RE-STRUCT – 200*60*10mm Channel





2000 14.41 - 13.89 11.10 9.24 7.90 6.91

2250 12.79 - 11.20 8.94 7.44 6.36 5.56

2500 11.49 - 9.20 7.34 6.10 5.21 4.55

2750 10.43 10.26 7.67 6.11 5.08 4.34 3.78

3000 9.54 8.68 6.48 5.16 4.28 3.65 3.18

3250 8.79 7.42 5.54 4.40 3.65 3.11 2.70

3500 8.14 6.41 4.77 3.79 3.14 2.67 2.32

3750 7.58 5.59 4.15 3.29 2.72 2.31 2.00

4000 7.09 4.90 3.64 2.88 2.37 2.01 1.74

4250 6.65 4.33 3.20 2.53 2.08 1.76 1.52

4500 6.26 3.84 2.84 2.23 1.83 1.54 1.33

4750 5.91 3.43 2.52 1.98 1.62 1.36 1.17

5000 5.60 3.07 2.26 1.76 1.44 1.20 1.03

5250 5.31 2.76 2.02 1.57 1.28 1.06 0.91

5500 5.05 2.49 1.82 1.41 1.14 0.94 0.80

5750 4.81 2.26 1.63 1.26 1.01 0.84 0.70

6000 4.59 2.05 1.47 1.13 0.90 0.74 0.62

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RE-STRUCT - 150*150*10mm Wide Flange Beam


Span Laterally

Unsupported Laterally Supported

(mm) Ultimate Ultimate Serviceability Limit State (Based on Maximum Allowable Deflection)

Limit State Limit State L/150 L/200 L/250 L/300 L/350 L/400

2000 26.72 26.72 23.98 17.95 14.33 11.92 10.19 8.9

2250 26.7 26.7 19.54 14.62 11.66 9.69 8.28 7.23

2500 26.69 26.69 16.18 12.09 9.63 8 6.83 5.95

2750 25.86 25.86 13.57 10.13 8.06 6.69 5.7 4.97

3000 23.65 23.65 11.52 8.59 6.83 5.65 4.81 4.19

3250 19.96 21.79 9.88 7.35 5.84 4.82 4.1 3.56

3500 16.62 20.19 8.55 6.35 5.03 4.15 3.52 3.05

3750 14.03 18.8 7.45 5.52 4.36 3.59 3.04 2.63

4000 11.98 17.59 6.54 4.83 3.81 3.13 2.64 2.27

4250 10.34 16.52 5.77 4.25 3.34 2.73 2.3 1.97

4500 9.01 15.56 5.12 3.76 2.94 2.4 2.01 1.72

4750 7.9 14.71 4.56 3.34 2.6 2.11 1.76 1.5

5000 6.98 13.93 4.08 2.97 2.3 1.86 1.54 1.31

5250 6.2 13.23 3.66 2.65 2.05 1.64 1.35 1.14

5500 5.53 12.6 3.29 2.37 1.82 1.45 1.18 0.99

5750 4.96 12.01 2.97 2.12 1.62 1.28 1.04 0.85

6000 4.46 11.48 2.68 1.9 1.43 1.12 0.9 0.73

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RE-STRUCT - 200*200*10mm Wide Flange Beam


Span Laterally

Unsupported Laterally Supported

(mm) Ultimate Ultimate Serviceability Limit State (Based on Maximum Allowable Deflection)

Limit State Limit State L/150 L/200 L/250 L/300 L/350 L/400

2000 37.01 37.01 - - 31.62 26.32 22.53 19.69

2250 33.12 33.12 - 32.93 26.3 21.88 18.72 16.36

2500 29.71 29.71 - 27.7 22.11 18.39 15.73 13.73

2750 26.92 26.92 - 23.55 18.79 15.61 13.34 11.64

3000 24.61 24.61 - 20.21 16.11 13.37 11.42 9.96

3250 22.65 22.65 - 17.49 13.93 11.55 9.86 8.59

3500 20.97 20.97 20.44 15.25 12.13 10.05 8.57 7.45

3750 19.51 19.51 17.97 13.39 10.64 8.8 7.49 6.51

4000 18.24 18.24 15.89 11.82 9.38 7.75 6.59 5.72

4250 17.11 17.11 14.14 10.5 8.32 6.86 5.82 5.04

4500 16.11 16.11 12.64 9.37 7.41 6.1 5.17 4.47

4750 15.21 15.21 11.35 8.39 6.62 5.44 4.6 3.97

5000 14.4 14.4 10.23 7.55 5.94 4.87 4.11 3.53

5250 13.66 13.66 9.25 6.81 5.35 4.37 3.67 3.15

5500 12.44 12.99 8.4 6.17 4.83 3.93 3.29 2.82

5750 11.07 12.38 7.64 5.59 4.36 3.54 2.96 2.52

6000 9.89 11.81 6.97 5.08 3.95 3.2 2.66 2.25

29

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Section Sizes & Properties

Section Profile Area

(mm2) Weight (g/m)

Iyy (mm4)

Izz (mm4)

Wyy (mm3)

Wzz (mm3)

kyy (mm)

kzz (mm)

J (mm4)

Angle 50*50*6 547 1018 126 * 103 126 * 103 3.60 * 103 3.60 * 103 15.2 15.2 7.06 * 103

Angle 100*100*10 1886 3280 177 *104 177 *104 2.4 *104 2.4 *104 17.72 17.72 6.3 *104

Channel 100*40*5 850 1503 1.21*106 119 * 103 24.2 * 103 4.07 * 103 37.7 11.8 7.08 * 103

Channel 200*60*8 2360 4050 12.3 * 106 671 * 103 123 * 103 14.8 * 103 72.2 16.9 51.9 * 103

I-Beam 150*150*10 4382 7335 16.8 * 106 5.61 * 106 224 * 103 74.8 * 103 61.9 35.8 143 * 103

I-Beam 200 x 200*10 5882 9935 41.6 * 106 13.3 * 106 416 * 103 133 * 103 84.1 47.6 193 * 10 3

Box 51*51*3.2 602 1051 227 * 103 227 * 103 8.94 * 103 8.94 * 103 19.4 19.4 345 * 103

lyy - Second moment of area (Y-Y) axis kyy - Radius of Gyration (Y-Y) axis lzz - Second moment of area (Z-Z) axis kzz - Radius of Gyration (Z-Z) axis Wyy – Section Modulus (Y-Y) axis Wzz – Section Modulus (Z-Z) axis

J – Torsional Constant Disclaimer

The information contained within this document is given in good faith, but without

warranty. Relinea and its associated companies disclaim liability for any defect, indirect,

consequential or incidental damages that may result from the use of the information or

data.

FM592542

re-struct fibreglass structural profiles design guide · for producing continuous lengths of...

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