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DESCRIPTION
Lahore Leads University 923224907404TRANSCRIPT
Introduction :
Name : Muhammad Ashib Altaf.
Registration number : F12-1028-(A)
Presentation Topics
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Registers
Instruction Set
Processor Speed
Types of Processor
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• The brain of computer system.
• Performs all major calculations and comparisons.
• Activates and controls the operations of other units of a computer system.
• Two basic components are:
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)2. Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) :
• In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• Now, modern microprocessors, microcontrollers and CPUs have very powerful and very complex ALUs, also a CPU may contain up to more than 4 ALUs.
Operations of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) :
• The ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit) performs.
• Mathematical operations (+, -, x, /, ^,…)
• Logic operations (=, <, >, and, or, not, ...)
Control Unit:
• One of the two basic components of CPU.
• Acts as the central nervous system of a computer system.
• Selects and interprets program instructions, and coordinates execution.
• Has some special purpose registers and a decoder to perform these activities.
Basic Cycle of Control Unit :
Structure of the Control Unit :
• PC (Program Counter):◦stores the address of next instruction to fetch
• IR (Instruction Register):◦stores the current instruction.
• Instruction Decoder:◦Decodes instruction and activates
necessary circuitry
Functions of the control unit
Registers:
• Special memory units , called registers are used to hold information on a temporary bases as the instructions are interpreted and executed by the CPU.
• Registers are part of the CPU of a computer.
• The length of a register , also known Word Size , equals the numbers of bits it can store.
• CPU with 32bit register can process data twice larger than one with 16bit register.
Functions of commonly used Registers:
CPU and main memory connected via a bus
2-13
Processor Speed:
• A computer has a built-in system Clock that emits millions of regularly spaced electric pulses per second(known as clock cycles)
• It takes one cycle to perform a basic operation, such as moving a byte of data from one memory location to another.
Processor Speed:
• Normally, several clock cycles are required to Fetch, Decode, and Execute a single program instruction.
• Shorter the clock cycle, Faster the processor.
Types of Processor:
Types of Processor:
Types of Processor: