DEPLOYMENT OF GREEN ENERGY SOURCES

Mahendra Pratap Singh1, Nandkishor Gupta2 and Prashant Kumar3

1,2 M.Tech.Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering

Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur

3 Lecturer Department of Electrical Engineering

Staini Memorial College of Engineering & Technology, Jaipur

Email: prashantchahar15@gmail.com

1. Abstract

Energy is essential for development of the Nations. With the change in the lifestyle and living

standards of human beings the energy consumption is rising at very fast rate. Per capita

energy consumption is a measure to decide whether the nation is developed or not. For

increasing the per capita energy consumption the cost of energy should be less so that the

reliability and continuity of supply should be ensured. To fulfill the increased demand of

energy there is need to generate the power from the Green Energy Sources in additional to

conventional sources. This paper discusses the necessities of green energy sources and

deployment.

2. Introduction

Recent years Demand of the power has been increased from domestic and industrial purposes

in all around the world mostly in developing countries like as India. The increased demand of

power can be fulfilled with the Green energy sources as well as conventional energy sources.

The use of Green Energy Sources in developing countries like as India holds enormous

promise against a background of concern of energy reliability and continuity. Through

harnessing local resources it can provide energy to remote villages thus simulating regional

development increasing living standards of human being and improving the quality of life at

same time. Green Energy is generated from natural resources like Sun, Wind, Tide and

Geothermal heat which are renewable (Naturally replenished).

3. Sources of Energy

There is need of various energy sources to fulfil the increased energy demand. The sources

are classified as - renewable and non-renewable energy sources. In India, most of our energy

comes from fossil fuel (i.e. Coal, hydro, petroleum, natural gas) based power plants. These

energy sources are called non-renewable because their supplies are limited. Petroleum, for

example, was formed millions of years ago from the remains of ancient sea plants and

animals. We can’t make more petroleum in a short time.

Renewable energy sources include biomass, geothermal energy, hydropower, solar energy

and wind energy. These are called renewable energy sources because these are replenished in

a short time. Day after day, the sun shines, the wind blows, and the rivers flow. We use

renewable energy sources mainly to generate electricity. Electricity is different from the other

energy sources because it is a secondary source of energy as we have to use another energy

source to generate electricity. In India, coal is the number one energy source for generating

electricity. 

Renewable Energy sources:

There is growing interest to utilize renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, bio-mass,

geothermal, tidal and small hydro systems for power generation.

Solar energy:

Solar energy is receiving a great deal of attention to generate electric power using thermal

route and also photovoltaic panels. Active research is going on both of them for power

generation.

Wind energy:

Worldwide there is growing interest to utilize the energy to meet part of growing energy

demand. A large number of wind turbines are installed worldwide.

Geothermal energy:

Geothermal energy is receiving a great attention in the recent years both for power generation

and heating / cooling applications through heat pumps and bore hole thermal storage systems.

Tidal Energy

Research investigations are conducted to explore tidal to generate electric power.

Nuclear Power

The nuclear power is also receiving back a great deal of attention due to its ability to produce

power with very low green house gas emissions. Various advanced reactors are developed to

generate power with high efficiencies and also to utilize wide variety of nuclear fuels.

Fossil Fuel Scenario:

Fossil fuels are so called because these are in fact the fossils of old biological life that once existed on the

surface of the earth. It is formed in several parts of earth at varying depths, during several million years by slow

decomposition and chemical action of buried organic matter under favourable pressure, heat and bacterial

marine environment. The fossil fuels include coal, oil and gas.

Crude oil and natural gas worldwide projected to continue only till the mid of next

century

In India decline of production of crude oil will start by the year 2015 because of

ageing of big producing fields

Annual demand growth of crude and Natural gas in India will increase by 7%

Mineable proven coal reserves of India can sustain the rising demand only for coming

30-35 years

These will create  a large gap between demand and availability of various  fossil

fuels  in coming  years

Domestic Crude Oil Production / Product Demand

Widening Demand / Supply Gap

Based on GDP 6.5 % against 7.0% envisaged now

20 MMT Liquid  fuel for Power excluded

Currently 9 billion US $ or 38700 crore in foreign exchange spent on  import of crude

oil and products

  Natural Gas Demand / Domestic Supply Scenario:

Hydro Resource:

Among all renewable, hydro power is the most advanced and flexible source of power. It is

well developed and established source of electric power. The early generation of electricity

from about 1880, was often derived from hydro turbines. A number of large and medium

sized hydro scheme have been developed. Due to requirement of huge capital investment and

strong environmental concerns about large plants, only about one third of realistic potential

has been tapped so far. Hydro installations and plants are long lasting (turbine life is about 50

years). This is due to continuous steady operation without high temperature or other stresses.

Therefore, it often produce electricity at low cost with consent economic benefits.

4. Energy Scenario

In present situation during the peak load hours electric power shortage is 16.6 percent.

The 63.3 percent power of total generation capacity generated from the thermal power plants,

24.87 percent power is generated from the hydro power plants and 2.81 percent power is

generated from nuclear power plants and rest 9 percent power is generated from renewable

energy sources. There is an urgent need to increase the generation from renewable energy

sources. From table 1 it is observed that the prices of crude oil increasing continuously. The

increased prices of petroleum products affect the economical development of the nation.

Table 1 shows the increasing price of crude oil

Period March

2002

2002-

03

2003-

04

2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09

S/Barrel 23.31 26.65 27.97 39.21 55.72 62.46 79.25 83.57

Table 2 shows the increase in crude oil import yearly.

Period March

2002

2002-

03

2003-

04

2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Crude

oil

Tonne

78706 81989 90434 95861 99409 111502 121672 128155

Fig.3: Shows the domestic consumption and production of crude oil

The generation of power from green energy sources, can provide a solution to environmental

pollution and make the nation energy independent. There is one drawback of green energy

sources, the electricity generation from wind and solar is intermittent in nature. Their carbon

impact depends on the electricity generation, which would range from coal to lower carbon

sources such as hydro, nuclear wind or solar. The power generation from the thermal power

plants contribute a lot in carbon emission.

5. Deployment of renewable Energy Sources:

The human race cannot ignore the potential long term impact on the earth that may arise from

continued hydro carbon combustion and CO2 production that contribute to increase global

temperatures. Alternative sources are required of energy density similar to that provided by

petroleum but which when consumed, are free of negative environmental impact. Global

conventional electricity demand seems likely to increase at the same time fuel switching in

transport may lead to significant additional energy demand.

These rising demands will need to be met by an industry which is traditionally conservative

and slow moving. The market conditions (e.g. prices of conventional fuels, regulatory

frameworks, consumer behaviour international attitude with respect to climate change) will

be as important as technological innovations. The increased energy demand, uncertainty

about future market conditions and the long lead times to construct new plant (especially

nuclear) all argue in favour of diverse portfolios with no single dominant technology and help

to explain the conservative attitude of power system operators.

6. Conclusion

Growing world publication at the pressure to achieve energy equity( i.e. energy consumption

per capita) between nation states will almost in inevitable result in a continuing increase in

total world primary energy demand. Against this background, energy scenario upto and

beyond 2050 can be described depending on the two critical drivers.

Availability of fossil fuels

Evidence for the existence and impact of climate change caused by the impact of

anthropogenic green house gases.

References

[1] A proceeding of “Renewable Energy Asia 2008-An International Conference & 4th SEE

ForumMeeting”11th - 13th December, 2008IIT Delhi, INDIA

[2] www.powermin.nic.in

[3] www.ireda.org

[4] www.windenergy.com

[5] www.energy.exportersindia.com

[6] www.mnes.nic.in

[7] Dr. D.P. Kothari, Pushpendra Singh, Prof. Mool Singh “Energy Highways” in International conference on “Advances in Renewable Energy” proceeding page no. 656-662, (ISBN-13978-81-909984-0-6) since 24.06.10 to 26.06.10 at MANIT, Bhopal, M.P.