rc lect6 trial death

8/2/2019 Rc Lect6 Trial Death

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1892 -1896


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Rizal in Hongkong

Founding of La Liga Filipina

Rizal in Dapitan

Trial and Execution


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Jose Rizal left Europe in a bid to stop thecontroversy and conflict between him and

Marcelo H. del Pilar. He lost faith in Filipinos in Spain; he

believed they can not do anything againstSpain.

The battlefield is in the Philippines; there

is where we ought to be found.

1891-1892


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Hongkong was the best place

to stay:

1. proximity to the Philippines

2. good friend, Basa was there

left Europe to Hongkongaboard S. S. Melbourneon

October 18, 1891; arrivedNovember 1, 1891.

He opened his office as an

oculist

1891-1892


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1891-1892

In Hongkong, heconceptualize theBorneo Colonization

Project. Bring his relatives and

the three hundredfamilies, who had been

dispossessed inCalamba, to Borneoand there to establisha new Filipino colonyunder the free British

flag.


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that seeing how the

Philippines lacked labor, itwas not very patriotic to gooff and cultivate a foreign

soil, and hence we cannotfavor that project, but weadded that every Filipinowas free, in any part of theArchipelago he chose, to

contribute to the prosperityof the country, so long as heobeyed the laws.

-Governor-GeneralDespujol


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July, 1892, in a house in Tondo Rizal organized the LaLiga Filipina

1

To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, andhomogenous body;

2 Mutual protection in every want and necessity;

3 Defense against all violence and injustice;

4 Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and

5 Study and application of reforms.


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Dapitan wasconsidered a remoteplace during the

Spanish period. Under the jurisdiction

of the Jesuits, Dapitanwould be a home to

Rizal for four years. Jose Rizal stayed at

the house of CaptainCarnicero instead of the

Jesuit house.

July 17, 1892

September 1896


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Rizals life in Dapitan was a period in which he marshalledhis forces: hidden knowledge as engineer, educator andbusinessman.

Linao Aqueduct, Plan for the Plaza, Casa Cuadrada, ReliefMap of Mindanao, School for Boys annd Lighting System in

July 17, 1892

September 1896


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The Jesuits conceived the deportation of Rizal toDapitan.

Begins with asking Rizal to stay at the Jesuit

seminary only if Rizal retracts his stand againstthe church.

The Jesuits often mentioned were: Fr. Obach,

Fr. Sanchez and Fr. Pastells.


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Josephine Bracken, anIrish/English womanRizal met in Dapitan.

Her identity often raisedmore questions thananswers.

Father: Geogre Tauffer,

an almost blind man fromHongkong. Did Jose Rizal marry

Josephine or not?


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He wrote twice to Governor-General Ramon Blanco:1894, to seek pardon and 1895, to be released andfor his case to be reviewed

He volunteered to be a surgeon in the Spanish

Army in Cuba. September 3, 1896, on board Isla de Panay

steamer he left Manila for Barcelona. He was accused as mastermind the revolution in

Manila; therefore, he was summoned back toManila. On board, SS Colon, he reached Manila and was

directly sent to Fort Santiago, Intamuros onNovember 3, 1896.


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As Surgeon

in Spanish -Cuban War

Study the warin practical

way

Mix withCuban

soldiers tosolve

Philippinesituation


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Captain Francisco de Olive gathered thefacts and specifics of Rizals proof of guilt.

Special judge, Colonel Rafael Dominguez,conducted the preliminary investigation.

November 20, 1896 was commencement ofthe preliminary investigation.

The first day of investigation centered on twothings: subversive activities of Rizal inMadrid and individuals as how they are

related to Rizal.


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What would be the outcome of thepreliminary investigation?

it appears that the accused, JoseMercado Rizal, is the principal organizerand the very soul of the Philippineinsurrection. The trial of Jose Rizal wasconducted from the prosecution view thathe was associated with the Katipunan


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1 Subversive Propaganda: La Solidaridad Rizal: La Solidaridad has long been existing.

2

Masonry and Pedro Serrano Rizal: Pedro Serrano was of higher rank than me; I did not give any orders for him to

establish masonry in the Philippines.

3 The La Liga Filipina: Main goal was freedom and independence Rizal: Unity and development of commerce and industry

4

Katipunan: honorary president, kill the Spaniards, his photgraphs in the Katipunanheadquarters

Rizal: I do not know Andres Bonifacio; I did not permit the m to use my name of myphotograph.


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Lieutenant Luis Tavielde Andradewas Rizalscounsel.

December 11, 1896, Rizalwas formally charged withthe crime of rebellion andcrime of forming illegalorganization.


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What was thesignificance of the

Manifesto?

It declared Rizalsstand on the 1896revolution: he did

not support it

But he did notimplicit deny theright to revolution

and ideas of

nationalism

Was Rizal inherentlyagainst therevolution?

As a believer of thesocial contracttheory, Rizal

recognized peoplesright to revolution

He believed theFilipinos are notprepared for it:

lacked of arms and

motives of people


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Court martial found him guilty as chargedand condemned him to death by firingsquad.

December 28, 1896, Gov-Gen. Polaviejaordered Rizal to be shot at seven oclock

in the morning in December 30, 1896.

He knew he was innocent but his deathwould be for a larger purpose.


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To my family,

I ask you for forgiveness for the pain I cause you, but some day I shall have to dieand it is better that I die now in the plentitude of my conscience.

Dear parents and brothers: give thanks to God that I may preserve my tranquilitybefore my death. I die resigned, hoping that with my death you will be left inpeace. Ah! It is better to die than to live suffering. Console yourselves.

I enjoin you to forgive one another the little meanness of life and try to live unitedin peace and good harmony. Treat your old parents as you would like to be

treated by your children later. Love them very much in my memory.

Bury me in the ground. Place a stone and a cross over it. My name, the date ofmy birth and of my death. Nothing more. If later you wish to surround my gravewith a fence, you can do it. No anniversaries. I prefer Paang Bundok.

Have pity on poor Josephine.


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Royal Fort of Santiago, 29 (?) December 1896

Mr. P. R.

My dear brother,

It has been four years and a half that we have not seen each other or have weaddressed one another in writing or orally. I do not believe this is due to lack ofaffection either on my part or yours but because knowing each other so well, wehad not need of words to understand each other.

Now that I am going to die, it is to you I dedicate my last words to tell you howmuch I regret to leave you alone in life bearing all the weight of the family and ofour old parents!


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I think of how you have worked to enable me to have a career. I believe that Ihave not tried to waste my time. My brother: if the fruit has been bitter, it is not myfault; it is the fault of circumstances. I know that you have suffered much becauseof me: I am sorry.

I assure you, brother, that I die innocent of this crime of rebellion. If my formerwritings had been able to contribute towards it, I should not absolutely deny it, butthen I believe I expiated my past with my exile.

Tell our father that I remember him, but how? I remember my whole childhood, histenderness and his love. Ask him to forgive me for the pain I have unwillingly

caused him.

Your brother,

Jos Rizal


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6:00 a.m. 30 December 1896

My Most Beloved Father,

Forgive me for the pain with which I pay you for your struggles and toils in order

to give me an education. I did not want this nor did I expect it.Farewell, Father, farewell!

To my very beloved Mother,Mrs. Teodora Alonso

At 6 o'clock on the morning of the 30th of December 1896

Jos Rizal


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My Last Farewell

Farewell, my adored Land, region of the sun caressed,Pearl of the Orient Sea, our Eden lost,

With gladness I give you my Life, sad and repressed;And were it more brilliant, more fresh and at its best,

I would still give it to you for your welfare at most.

On the fields of battle, in the fury of fight,Others give you their lives without pain or hesitancy,The place does not matter: cypress laurel, lily white,

Scaffold, open field, conflict or martyrdom's site,

It is the same if asked by home and Country.

I die as I see tints on the sky b'gin to showAnd at last announce the day, after a gloomy night;

If you need a hue to dye your matutinal glow,Pour my blood and at the right moment spread it so,

And gild it with a reflection of your nascent light!


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My dreams, when scarcely a lad adolescent,

My dreams when already a youth, full of vigor to attain,Were to see you, gem of the sea of the Orient,

Your dark eyes dry, smooth brow held to a high planevWithout frown, without wrinkles and of shame without stain.

My life's fancy, my ardent, passionate desire,Hail! Cries out the soul to you, that will soon part from thee;

Hail! How sweet 'tis to fall that fullness you may acquire;To die to give you life, 'neath your skies to expire,And in your mystic land to sleep through eternity !

If over my tomb some day, you would see blow,A simple humble flow'r amidst thick grasses,Bring it up to your lips and kiss my soul so,

And under the cold tomb, I may feel on my brow,Warmth of your breath, a whiff of your tenderness.


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Let the moon with soft, gentle light me descry,Let the dawn send forth its fleeting, brilliant light,

In murmurs grave allow the wind to sigh,And should a bird descend on my cross and alight,

Let the bird intone a song of peace o'er my site.

Let the burning sun the raindrops vaporizeAnd with my clamor behind return pure to the sky;

Let a friend shed tears over my early demise;And on quiet afternoons when one prays for me on high,

Pray too, oh, my Motherland, that in God may rest I.

Pray thee for all the hapless who have died,For all those who unequalled torments have undergone;

For our poor mothers who in bitterness have cried;For orphans, widows and captives to tortures were shied,

And pray too that you may see you own redemption.


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And when the dark night wraps the cemet'ry

And only the dead to vigil there are left alone,Don't disturb their repose, don't disturb the mystery:

If you hear the sounds of cithern or psaltery,It is I, dear Country, who, a song t'you intone.

And when my grave by all is no more remembered,With neither cross nor stone to mark its place,

Let it be plowed by man, with spade let it be scatteredAnd my ashes ere to nothingness are restored,

Let them turn to dust to cover your earthly space.

Then it doesn't matter that you should forget me:Your atmosphere, your skies, your vales I'll sweep;Vibrant and clear note to your ears I shall be:

Aroma, light, hues, murmur, song, moanings deep,Constantly repeating the essence of the faith I keep.


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My idolized Country, for whom I most gravely pine,

Dear Philippines, to my last goodbye, oh, harkenThere I leave all: my parents, loves of mine,

I'll go where there are no slaves, tyrants or hangmenWhere faith does not kill and where God alone does reign.

Farewell, parents, brothers, beloved by me,Friends of my childhood, in the home distressed;

Give thanks that now I rest from the wearisome day;Farewell, sweet stranger, my friend, who brightened my

way;Farewell, to all I love. To die is to rest.


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La Voz Espaola andDiario de Manila(December 30, 1896)

La Juventud(February 14, 1897)

Original Text discoveredin 1935

El Imparcial

(December 31, 1897)


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FatherBalaguer

Father Pio PiS.J.

Father SilvinoLopez Tunon

Capatin RafaelDominguez

Father VizaGaspar Catano

Father Rossel,S.J.

Luis TavaielAndrade

Tomas Feijoo

rc lect6 trial death

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