rb002 ppt basic elec.pdf

8/10/2019 RB002 PPT Basic ELEC.pdf

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BASIC ELECTRONICS &CODING

iBOT Session 2; RB 002 (Remember RB 001!)



Why?

Electronics on the robot is the brain of the robot.

Is useful in taking decisions

The start of Artificial Intelligence.



SOME BASIC COMPONENTS



Multimeter

Measure parameters (Voltage, Current, Resistanceetc.)



BreadBoard



Potentiometer

Variable Resistor



Diode

Allows current in only one direction



LED



IR LED Pairs

Transmitter and RecieverAnalog Output



Comparator

LM324V1 > V2, Vout = +VccV1 < V2, Vout = -Vcc+Vcc = 5V-Vcc = 0V



Voltage Regulators

iBOT

12

Step down DC voltagesOutput voltage is fixedInput Voltage may fluctuateNomenclature ( 78xx)When and when notto use?

Dissipative type



Types of sensors

iBOT

13

TSOP/ obstacledetection sensorsSound SensorsBump SensorsTilt sensors



IR Sensor

Circuit for IR sensor



Motor Driver

Commonly used motordriver: L293D,mc33886.Interface betweenmicrocontroller andmotors. 16 pin IC

Can control 2 motors,bidirectionSupports PWM



MICROCONTROLLER

It’s a small computerhaving a simple cpu,timers and i/o ports.

Can perform functionsdepending on theinputs given.



MICROS WE USE

The micros generallyused in the insti — PICAVRs



AVR MICROS

Atmega micros are in large numbers and areclasified under tinys and megasMost used in the insti are ATMEGA 8 and 16The number in the micro specifies the memory of themicrocontroller.Each micro has a fixed number of ports and each

port generally consists of 8 pins



ATMEGA 16- SPECIFICATIONS

Atmega 16 is a 40 pin microcontroller.Has four ports used for i/o operations.Available in two kinds…….surface and boardmounts.Used for various purposes like hardware interfacing,analog to digital conversion etc.



PIN CONFIGURATION



CODING A MICRO

Writing the code and converting it to assemblylanguage can be done by using —

1. AVR STUDIO2. PROGRAMMERS NOTEPAD



WORKING WITH WINAVR

Install Win Avr on your computer

Open winAvr to find the following window.

Write the code and save it as a (.c) extensionex-mycode.c



CODING IN PROGRAMMERS NOTEPAD

Go to mfile generator,enter the name and microtype(mycode,atmega 16).

Enter USB Tiny in the programmer options and clock

frequency.



save as Makefile in the same folder as the code.

Go to programmers notepad and press makeall tocompile and program to burn the micro.

Make sure usb tiny Programmer is connected.



The bottom most pin of the programmer should beconnected to the ground of atmega 16.



CODING BY USING AVR STUDIO



Select avr gcc and write ur projectname



Select avr simulator and atmega 8 or16



Write the code in the dialog box in the center.

Once the code is done, go to build and select build.

To simulate the code, select start debugging indebug option and give suitable conditions for pins

and ports.



LINE FOLLOWER

12 v to 5 v Read data fromsensors

Process dataFrom sensors

Give output tomotor driverConverts 5v

signal to 12v ofsuitable current

Connect tomotors



Writing Codes

Libraries to be included:

#include <avr/io.h>

#include<util/delay.h>(If delay is used)



Syntax

DDR(A,B,C,D)=0b10101010;Specifies the data direction1 means the pin is output.0 means the pin is input.

PORT(A,B,C,D)=0b00001111;Specfies the value of the output pins.

1 means 5v and 0 means 0 vmake sure only pins given 1 in DDR can giveoutputs.



Binary And

0b??????11 & 0b00000010== 0b00000010;

So we use binary and operation to remove theunnecessary pins from comparing.

Hence in an if statement ,syntax is

if(PINA & 0b00000011)=0b00000011;to see if PINA0 and PINA1 are high.



CODE

Same as a c code u genarally write.

Include libraries.

Use proper syntax for if,for and while loops.

Use while(1) to run a code indefinitely.



EXAMPLE CODES-LINE FOLLOWING



THAT’S ALL FOLKS!!

THANKS A LOT FOR COMING!

rb002 ppt basic elec.pdf

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