Rebellion and Reprisal

Conquest (Rape) of Britannia, Aphrodisias, Turkey

Roman Britain~47 CE

• Military occupation

• Subject peoples

• Trinovantes

• Client Kingdoms

• Brigantes

• Regni

• Iceni

Caratacus: Out of the Fire & Into the Frying Pan

• Caratacus escapes Claudius and Aulus Plautius

• Allies with Ordovicians in Wales

• Defeated

• Seeks aid from Roman client, Cartimandua

• Is turned over to Romans (51 CE)

• Brought to Rome

Tribes of

Wales

Caratacus before Claudius

Divorce

• ~57 CE Cartimanduabreaks with her consort Venutius (of the Brigantes) who turns against her and Rome

• She keeps her throne thanks to Roman military intervention

• Venutius?

Roman Britain~47 CE

• Military occupation

• Subject peoples

• Trinovantes

• Client Kingdoms

• Brigantes

• Regni

• Iceni

Southern Kingdom of the Regneses

Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus

• Perhaps successor to Verica

• Granted status by Romans

• Probably built “Palace” at Fishbourne

• Still respected during lifetime of Tacitus

Dedication to Minerva and Neptune

A temple to Neptune and to Minerva

and for the safety of the Divine House (of the emperor)

by the authority of Ti. Claudius Cogidubnus.

[Great King] in Britain, (erected by)

The Guild of fabri and its members at their own cost

[Pudens?] son of Pudentmus, donated the site.

Cogidubnus-First House

Hayling Island Roman Temple, 60-70 CE

Plan compared with temple in Entrains, Gaul

Hayling Island Roman Temple reconstructionCella, Temple at Périgueux, Dordogne

Hayling Island Temple: Brooches, British and Gallic

Roman Britain~47 CE

• Military occupation

• Subject peoples

• Trinovantes

• Client Kingdoms

• Brigantes

• Regni

• Iceni

Roman Legions Client Kingdoms

Camulodunum – Native capital & Roman colony

Camulodunum

Gosbecks

Iron Age Dykes

Gosbecks

Publius Ostorius Scapula

• First act was to disarm the Britons within the Roman controlled region

• 47 Fortification of Colchester

• Attacks Deceangeli in Flintshire

• Legio XX transferred to southwest

• 49 Foundation of colonia at Camulodunum(Colchester) Colonia Claudia Victricensis

Transformation of Colchester

Balkerne Gate

Temple of Claudius

Longinus

Stanway, Colchester – Doctor’s burial

Other Graves

WarriorEducated person

Nero as Alexander

What 1st Century Briton joined 20th

Century notables: Winston, Princess Diana and Margaret Thatcher, in the list of “100 Greatest Britons”?

Question

Boudica in Ads

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Problems Behind the Lines

• Proud and independent people

• Displacement of Trinovantes alarms Iceni

• Temple of Claudius

• Death of Prasugatus, King of the Iceni– Question of inheritance

– Prasugatus’ will was ignored

– Nobles treated badly

– Boudica flogged, daughters raped

• Roman financiers call in loans

Iceni

Prasutagus?

Gaullish woman w. torc

Sedgeford torc, 500-200 BCE

Winchester torc 74-25 BCE

The Start of the Revolt

Bad Omens

Claudius: Remains of Equestrian Statue?

Outside Colchester – burnt mattress

Colchester After Boudica

On to London

Attempt to relieve London

London – Evidence of burning

Burning of London

On to Verulamium

Routes of Roman TroopsBattle of Watling Street

Battle at Mancetter

Aftermath

• Harsh treatment of opponents

• Support for Cartimandua through 69

• Reward for T. Cogidubnis

• Absorption of Icenian territory

• Rebuild and fortify