raymond fonck- fusion energy sciences update

8/3/2019 Raymond Fonck- Fusion Energy Sciences Update

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U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Science

Raymond FonckAssociate Director

of Fusion Energy Sciences

Fusion Energy Sciences Update

Presented to

NRC Board on Physics and AstronomyApril 25, 2008

www.science.doe.gov/ofes


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Questions to Address

Agency Specific

Response to Plasma 2010 (& other NRC) Reports ITER: status and US Contributions, funding

Priorities for the US domestic fusion research program

General

Most significant issues over the next year

Volatility in funding process and effects on program

Where can Academy add value


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Mission: Generate the knowledge needed for fusion

energy sources, and understand general plasma science

Program Elements:

Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences: Burning Plasma Science Theory and Computation Advanced Tokamak Physics Plasma and Fusion Technologies Toroidal Confinement Physics Diagnostics ITER Project and Program Fusion Materials

Plasma Sciences: Fundamental Properties of Plasmas Electromagnetic Confinement High Energy Density Laboratory Physics Low-Temperature Plasmas Atomic Processes

National/Shared Facilities:

DIII-D Advanced Tokamak (GA) MST Reverse Field Pinch (CMSO - WI) C-Mod Advanced Tokamak (MIT) Large Area Plasma Device (UCLA)

NSTX Spherical Torus (Princeton)

NCSX Stellarator (Princeton under construction)


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Apply ing 3D fieldsprod uces Stoc hasticreg ion leading tostab ilization o f edg einstabilities

Magnetic Fusion Sciences:

Controlling Instability @ Plasma Edge

Critical Edge Instability Controlled by Purposefully Degrading Magnetic Surfaces

Unstable with high edge pressure gradients:sharp spikes in heat loss

Stable with relaxed edge pressure gradients

DIII-D Advanced Tokamak (General Atomics)


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MFES: Understanding an Effective Disruption

Mitigation Technique

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Z(m)

R (m) R (m) R (m) R (m)

0 0.5 1.51.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Ti (keV)

time

unmitigated

He Ne Ar Kr

20

0

40

60

80

100

1 10 20 502 5

Radiated energy fraction

increases with Zgas,

reaching ~80-90%

Ihalo/Ip

0.20

0.25

0.15

0.10

0.0He Ne Ar Kr

1 10 20 502 5

Halo currents reduced ~50%

He Ne Ar Kr

0

40

80

120

Tsurface

(0K)after0.2s

1 10 20 502 5

Divertor tile heating

reduced ~60%

Wrad/W

(%)

ZGas

ZGas

ZGas

3-D MHD Numerical Model(NIMROD + Radiation Package)gives quantitative agreementwith detailed experimentalresults.

Injection of massive gas puff dissipates energy through radiation:

Fully 3-D simulation shows rapid destruction of flux surfaces:

Alcator C-Mod (MIT)


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MFES: Similarity Experiments Enable

Development of a Detailed Physics Basis for ITER

Baseline (ITER Scena rio 2) Referenc e operating c ase Q10 opera tion a t fullc urrent (15 MA)

Advanced Inductive (AI) High fusion g a in sc enario Q>10 at full current (15 MA)

Hybrid (ITER Scena rio 3) Long pulse, high fluenc e mission Q10 a t red ucedc urrent (~12 MA)

Steady-state (ITER Scenario 4) Advanc ed Tokamak (AT)

sc ena rio ta rgets

stea dy-sta te ob jec tive Above no-wa ll p ressure limit Q5 a t red uced c urrent (~9 MA)

Broad experimental currentprofiles (low li) impac t ITER c oildesign

DIII-D can simulate ITER scena rios In the ITER shap eand aspec t ratio

DIII-D Advanced Tokamak (General Atomics)


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Dynamo Experiment: self-generation of magnetic

fields in turbulent flows of liquid metal

Intermittently excited

magnetic eigenmode

has structure similar to

that predicted for the

mean-flow, self-

generated dynamo

The Madison Dynamo Experiment

(WI)

300 gallons of liquid sodium

150 kW of mechanical power

Rm/Re=10-5 (always turbulent)

Confinement is simple, and conductivity

is uniform

Predicted:

Observed:


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0

0.004

-1000 -500 0 500 1000Y (m)

Protonfluence

(m-2)

MC-simulationwith B=1300T

Measurement

Coilshadow

Simulated proton density map (Ekin

raymond fonck- fusion energy sciences update

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