ratio

• A comparison of two numbers by division

4 out of 5 people choose product X

4 out of 5 4 to 5 4:54

5

equivalent ratios

• Ratios that name the same comparison

6 3,

8 4

2,5

x

y

20 2 1, ,

100 10 5

1 4,

2 8

proportion

• An equation that shows two ratios are equivalent

2

5

x

y

5

100 8

n3

2 4

x

percent

• Ratio that compares a number to 100,

20% means 20 per hundred or

20

100

mean (also called average)

• The sum of all the values in a data set divided by the number of data values

90, 85, 88, 82, 85

The mean is 86.

90 85 88 82 85 430

5 5

mode

• Value that occurs most often in a data set

3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7 Mode is 4

3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7 Modes are 4 and 6

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 No mode

median• The number in the middle of an

ordered set of dataFor an odd number of values

5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9Median = 6

For an even number of values, average the two middle numbers.

5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9

6

6+7= 6.5

2Median =

bar graph

• Graph that uses vertical or horizontal lines to display data

M & M's in a Bag

0

2

4

6

8

10

Brown Red Green Yellow Orange

Color

Nu

mb

er o

f M

&M

's

M & M's in a Bag

0 2 4 6 8 10

Brown

Red

Green

Yellow

Orange

Co

lor

Number of M&M's

circle graph• Way to display data using a circle

and non-overlapping sectors

Monthly Budget

Food

Clothing

Housing

Savings

Entertainment

box and whisker plot

• A way to show how data is distributed by using the median, quartiles, and minimum and maximum values

Maximum

Second Quartile

Median

First Quartile

Minimum

10 11984 5 762 310

scatter plot• Graph that shows the general

relationship between two sets of data Studying for tests

0102030405060708090100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Time in minutes

Tes

t sc

ore

variableletter or symbol

used to represent a value that can

change

a f x y

constantvalue that does

not change

-7 2 3.14 3

4

expressionMathematical phrase that contains

operations, numbers, and/or variables

Numerical expression

An expression that contains only

constants 2

4 67 - 1

12 + 6 - 9

Algebraic expression

An expression that contains at least

one variable8y

4a + 3bx – 2

6 + 3n – 7m

coefficient

• A number multiplied by a variable

• 2x 2 is the coefficient of x

• 5a – 4b 5 is the coefficient of a and 4 is the coefficient of b

factor• Number or expression that is

multiplied by another number or expression to get a product

24 = 4 64 and 6 are factors of 24.

20 = 2 2 52, 2, and 5 are factors of 20

(a2 – 4) = (a + 2)(a – 2)(a + 2) and (a – 2) are factors of (a2 – 4)

exponent• Number that indicates how many

times a number (base) is to be used as a factor

23 = 2 2 2 2 is the base; 3 is the exponent.

X4 = x x x xx is the base; 4 is the exponent.

(a + b)2 = (a + b)(a + b)(a + b) it the base; 2 is the exponent.

like terms

Terms with the same variables raised to the same powers

Like terms

4x2y3 7x2y3

Not like terms

5m2n3 5m3n2

evaluate

Find the value of an expression by substituting numbers for the variables and simplifying

Evaluate x + y when x = 3 and y = 6.

x + y = 3 + 6 = 9

equation

• Mathematical statement that two expressions are equivalent

5 + 8 = 6 + 72x – 8 = 20

3x + 2y = 15

6 3

8 4

inequality

• Mathematical statement that contains greater than (>), less than (<), greater than or equal to (≥), less than or equal to (≤), or not equal (≠)

5 > 2 7 < 10 x ≥ 1

n +2 ≤ 15 x ≠ 6 x – 2 ≥ y + 3

coordinate plane

• A plane divided into four regions by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a vertical line called the y-axis

y

x

x-axis

y- axis

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5-4

-3

-2

-1

1

23

45

6

7

8

9

987654321-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

coordinate• A number used to identify the

location of a point on a number line or coordinate plane

A

10 11984 5 762 310

On the number line, the coordinate of A is 4.

y

x

B

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5-4

-3

-2

-1

1

23

45

6

7

8

9

987654321-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

On the coordinate plane, the coordinates of B are (-3, 4).

ordered pair• Pair of numbers used to locate a point in

the coordinate plane• First number, x, indicates number of

units left or right• Second number, y, indicates number of

units up or downy

x

B

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5-4

-3

-2

-1

1

23

45

6

7

8

9

987654321-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

On the coordinate plane, the coordinates of B are (-3, 4).

-3 means 3 units left

4 means 4 units up

origin• On a coordinate

plane, the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis with coordinates (0, 0)

y

x

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5-4

-3

-2

-1

1

23

45

6

7

8

9

987654321-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

x-axis

Origin(0, 0)

y-axis