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Raschig Super-Ring
Product Bulletin 250
The development of the new „Raschig Super-Ring“ packing elementsets new standards in the field of separation technology, as thedesigners of the Raschig Super-Ring have succeeded in finding anoptimum link to those demands which a modern, high-performancepacking element must fulfil under industrial conditions.
Superior performance by designTM
RASCHIG GMBHRASCHIG USA Inc.
RASCHIG GMBHProf. Dr.-Ing. Michael SchultesMundenheimerstr 100
RASCHIG USA Inc.Mr. Bill Kennard2201 East Lamar Blvd # 240Mundenheimerstr. 100
D-67061 Ludwigshafenphone.: +49 (0)621 56 18 - 648fax: +49 (0)621 56 18 - 627e-maill: [email protected] www.raschig.com
2201 East Lamar Blvd # 240Arlington, TX 76006 ,USAwww.Raschig.com/Ringsphone: 001 817-695-5691 fax: 001 817-695-5697e-mail: [email protected]
Raschig Super-Ring
Subject page
Introduction 1
Performance data 2-3
Compensation for the decrease in Compensation for the „decrease in
volume“ for dumped packings 4
Pressure drop 5-8
Transfer efficiency 9-12
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV 13-16g OV
Liquid hold-up in columns 17-21
Concluding remarks 22
Raschig Super-Ring
Aspects involved in the design of modern packing elements
Packing elements are successfully used in the chemicalindustry and related sectors, as well as in environmentalprotection installations, i.e. in absorption, desorption,extraction and rectification columns. The manifold processengineering demands on modern packing elements aredetermined by these thermal separation processes.
High-performance packing elements are intended to bringabout effective mass transfer between the phases flowingthrough the columns. Large interfacial area and uniformdistribution of the phases over the column cross-section aredesirable. A high loading capacity permits high columnthroughputs, while low pressure drop results in low operatingcosts.
Loading capacity
Counter-current packed columns are preferably operatedbelow, or in the immediate vicinity, of the so-called loadingpoint, this being characterised by the fact that the falling film isbacked up by the counter-current gas stream at higher loads.The loading point of a packing element is defined by its fluiddynamic properties Fluid dynamic studies in the past havedynamic properties. Fluid dynamic studies in the past haverepeatedly shown that the droplets forming in a columnpacking are entrained earlier than down-ward flowing liquidfilms at high gas loads. In contrast to previous packingelement designs, the Raschig Super-Ring meets this demandin that it was purposely designed without any projecting metaltongues which could act as dripping points.
Liquid and gas distribution
The most uniform possible distribution of the liquid and gasphase across the packing element itself and the entire columncross-section is one of the fundamental prerequisites for acolumn packing that works effectively. If, at the same time, alow resistance to fluid flow of the gas phase is to ensure theminimum possible pressure drop, the structure must be largelyp p p, g yopen. The alternating wave structure of the Raschig Super-Ring has not only created a form which is open on all sidesbut, at the same time, has also realised a large number ofcontact points for homogeneous liquid and gas distribution.
1
Raschig Super-Ring
Mass transfer
Effective mass transfer between the phases demands not only alarge interfacial area, but also the most turbulent possible flowconditions and frequent renewal of the phase interfaces. With theRaschig Super-Ring, several thin films of liquid displayingturbulent flow are formed on the sinusoidal webs and areconstantly intermixed as the result of the recurrent contact pointswithin the packing elementwithin the packing element.
Performance data of the Raschig Super-Ring
Experimental studies have confirmed the relationships describedabove. The following Figures show the pressure drop of theRaschig Super-Ring as a function of the gas capacity factor atvarious liquid loads. As a result of a very open structure of theR hi S Ri th d f th d ki iRaschig Super-Ring, the pressure drop of the dry packing isalready lower than that of a 50 mm metal Pall ring. The differencesincreases at higher liquid loads. The Raschig Super-Ringgenerates also a substantially lower pressure drop than otherhigh-performance packing elements made of metal with a nominalsize of 50 mm.
The loading capacity of the Raschig Super-Ring can also beenseen from the following Figures The Raschig Super-Ring not onlyseen from the following Figures. The Raschig Super Ring not onlyhas a higher loading capacity than the 50 mm metal Pall ring, butalso displays a substantially higher loading capacity than previousmodern packing element designs.
The Figures show also the results of trials involving the absorptionof ammonia from air in water. The separation efficiency of this newpacking element is thus up to 14% better than that of a 50 mmmetal Pall ring or previous high-performance metal packingelementselements.
Furthermore, the low specific packing weight of the RaschigSuper-Ring allows the design of low-cost supporting elements inthe columns. The Raschig Super-Ring is also lighter than otherpacking element designs, but without sacrificing stability.Experimental studies have shown that packing heights of 15 mand more can be realised owing to the alternating wave frequencyand amplitude of the metal webs of the Raschig Super-Ring.p g p g
The alternating wave structure additionally prevents entanglementof the packing element within the packing, thus guaranteeingproblem-free assembly and dismantling in a column. Owing to itsopen structure, the Raschig Super-Ring is also suitable for liquidscontaminated with solids. Table 1 shows the technical data of theRaschig Super-Ring.
2
Raschig Super-Ring
The alternating wave structure additionally preventsentanglement of the packing element within the packing,thus guaranteeing problem-free assembly and dismantlingin a column. Owing to its open structure, the RaschigSuper-Ring is also suitable for liquids contaminated withsolids. Table 1 shows the technical data of the RaschigSuper-Ring.p g
Table 1: Technical data of the Raschig Super-Ring's
97250145.000275MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.5
96315180.000230MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.3
96490560.000350MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.1
Free Vol.%
Surfacem²/m³
Numberpc./m³
Weightkg/m³
MaterialSize
97250145.000275MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.5
96315180.000230MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.3
96490560.000350MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.1
Free Vol.%
Surfacem²/m³
Numberpc./m³
Weightkg/m³
MaterialSize
981009 500155MetalRaschig Super Ring No 2
9812013.100170MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 1.5
9815032.000220MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 1
9818045.500240MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.7
9821574.000235MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.6
981009 500155MetalRaschig Super Ring No 2
9812013.100170MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 1.5
9815032.000220MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 1
9818045.500240MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.7
9821574.000235MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.6
961009.00055PlasticRaschig Super-Ring No. 2
9320560.00062PlasticRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.6
98703.900134MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 4
98804.300150MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 3
981009.500155MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 2
961009.00055PlasticRaschig Super-Ring No. 2
9320560.00062PlasticRaschig Super-Ring No. 0.6
98703.900134MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 4
98804.300150MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 3
981009.500155MetalRaschig Super-Ring No. 2
97754.00052PlasticRaschig Super-Ring No. 3 97754.00052PlasticRaschig Super-Ring No. 3
3
Raschig Super-Ring
Compensation for the "decrease in volume"
for dumped Packings
The values indicated in the tables for dumped packings are valid for a diameter ratio of the vessel to the packing size of D/d = 20.
Since the arrangement of the packings is less compact near the vessel wall than in the interior of the bed, the number of packings per cubic meter increases with the diameter ratio.
The above diagram shows by which "allowance" the theoretically calculated vessel volume for diameter ratios of more than 20 must be increased in order to completely fill the space required.
If the plastic or metal packings are, for instance, thrown into the column, this may result in a further decrease in volume due to abnormally compact packing.
D = diameter of the vessel to be filled
d = diameter or nominal size of the packings
in die Eckbegrenzungen(Größe 12,6 x 7,8 mm)
kommt ein Foto
4
Pressure drop of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.3
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1 0 m
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.5
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1 0 m
1000
800900
2000
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)uL= 20 10 03040
1000900
2000
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h) uL= 20 10 03040
Packing height: 1.0 m Packing height: 1.0 m
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
essu
re d
rop p
/H [P
a/m
]
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
essu
re d
rop p
/H [P
a/m
]
100
20
30
40
50
60
70
8090
Spe
cific
pre
100
20
30
40
50
60
70
8090
Spe
cific
pre
1.00.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa1/2]
10
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.3 made of metal
1.00.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa1/2]
10
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.5 made of metal
5
Pressure drop of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.7
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2 0 m
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2 0 mPacking height: 2.0 m Packing height: 2.0 m
1000900
2000
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL= 20 10 03040
1000900
2000
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL= 20 10 03040
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
essu
re d
rop p
/H [P
a/m
]
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
essu
re d
rop p
/H [P
a/m
]
100
20
30
40
50
60
70
8090
Spe
cific
pre
100
20
30
40
50
60
70
8090
Spe
cific
pre
1.00.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa1/2]
10
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal
1.00.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa1/2]
10
Raschig Super-Ring No. 1 made of metal
6
Pressure drop of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1.5
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2 0 m
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
Column diameter: 0.75 mPacking height: 3 0 mPacking height: 2.0 m Packing height: 3.0 m
1000900
2000
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL= 34.0
22.6
045.3
67.9
113.
2
135.
8
90.5
158.
4
1000900
2000
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL= 20 10 03040
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
essu
re d
rop p
/H [P
a/m
]
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
essu
re d
rop p
/H [P
a/m
]
100
20
30
40
50
60
70
8090
Spe
cific
pre
100
20
30
40
50
60
70
8090
Spe
cific
pre
1.00.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa1/2]
10
Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of metal
1.00.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa1/2]
10
Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal
7
Pressure drop of metal and plastic RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 3
Column diameter: 0.440 mPacking height: 2 0 m
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2 0 mPacking height: 2.0 m Packing height: 2.0 m
1000900
2000
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
20 10
Raschig Super-Ring No. 3 made of metal
30406080100
113
uL=
1000900
2000
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL= 20 10 03040
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
essu
re d
rop p
/H [P
a/m
]
0
Raschig Super Ring No. 3 made of metal
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
essu
re d
rop p
/H [P
a/m
]
100
20
30
40
50
60
70
8090
Spe
cific
pre
100
20
30
40
50
60
70
8090
Spe
cific
pre
1.00.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa1/2]
101.00.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa1/2]
10
Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of plastic
8
Transfer efficiency of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
in the desorption of CO2 from water into an atmospheric air-stream
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.30.03
0.04
0.025
0.035 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 0.3 made of metal
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1.0 m
0.01
0.02
0.015
L a
Ph [1
/s]
10 20 30 40 505
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
0.005
Gas capacity factor Fv = 1.8 Pa0.5
0 04
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.5
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1.0 m
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.015
0.025
0.035
a Ph [1
/s]
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 0.5 made of metal
10 20 30 40 505
0.01
0.005
L a
Gas capacity factor Fv = 1.8 Pa0.5
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
9
Transfer efficiency of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
in the desorption of CO2 from water into an atmospheric air-stream
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.70.03
0.04
0.025
0.035 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
0.01
0.02
0.015
0.025
L a
Ph [1
/s]
10 20 30 40 505
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
0.005
Gas capacity factor Fv = 1.8 Pa0.5
0 04
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.015
0.025
0.035
a Ph [1
/s]
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 1 made of metal
10 20 30 40 505
0.01
0.005
L a
Gas capacity factor Fv = 1.8 Pa0.5
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
10
Transfer efficiency of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
in the desorption of CO2 from water into an atmospheric air-stream
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1.50.03
0.04
0.025
0.035 Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
0.01
0.02
0.015
L a
Ph [1
/s]
10 20 30 40 505
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
0.005
Gas capacity factor Fv = 1.8 Pa0.5
0 02
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m0.01
0.02
0.015
a Ph [1
/s]
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 2 made of metal
10 20 30 40 505
0.005
L a
Gas capacity factor Fv = 1.8 Pa0.5
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
11
Transfer efficiency of metal and plasticRASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
in the desorption of CO2 from water into an atmospheric air-stream
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 3
0.02
0.015
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 3 made of metal
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1.0 m
0.01
L a
Ph [1
/s]
10 20 30 40 505
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
0.005
Gas capacity factor Fv = 1.8 Pa0.5
0 02
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m0.01
0.02
0.015
a Ph [1
/s]
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 2 made of plastic
10 20 30 40 505
0.005
L a
Gas capacity factor Fv = 1.8 Pa0.5
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
12
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metalRASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the gaseous phase
0.3
0.4
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.3 made of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.3
0.2
HT
U o
v [m
] Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
0.1
Liquid load uL = 10 m3/m2h
0 4
0.2
0.3
0.4
U o
v [m
]
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.5 made of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.5
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.00.1
HT
U
Liquid load uL = 10 m3/m2h
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
13
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metalRASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the gaseous phase
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No.0.70.3
0.4
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
0.2
HT
U o
v [m
]
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
0.1
Liquid load uL = 10 m3/m2h
0 7
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
U o
v [m
]
Raschig Super-Ring No. 1 made of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.00.1
0.2HT
U
Liquid load uL = 10 m3/m2h
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
14
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metalRASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the gaseous phase
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1.50.5
0.6
0.7
Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
0.2
0.3
0.4
HT
U o
v [m
]
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
0.1
Liquid load uL = 10 m3/m2h
0 7
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
U o
v [m
]
Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of metal
1 00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.00.1
0.2HT
U
Liquid load uL = 10 m3/m2h
1.0
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
15
Height of a transfer unit HTUHeight of a transfer unit HTUOVfor metal and plastic
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGSfor the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the
gaseous phase
0.6
0.7Raschig Super-Ring No. 3 made of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 3
0.3
0.4
0.5
HT
U o
v [m
] Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
0.2
Liquid load uL = 10 m3/m2h
0 7
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
U o
v [m
]
Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of plastic
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.00.1
0.2HT
U
Liquid load uL = 10 m3/m2h
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
16
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
0.10
0.20
3]
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h) uL=
10
203040
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.3
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.060.070.08
uid
hold
-up
hL [m
3/m
10
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
0.01
Liqu
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.3 made of metal
0 20
0.10
0.04
0.05
0.060.070.08
0.20
up h
L [m
3/m
3]
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)uL= 10203040
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.5
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
1/2
0.01
0.02
0.03
Liqu
id h
old-
u
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.5 made of metal
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
17
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
0.10
0.20
3]
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h) uL=
10
203040
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.3
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.060.070.08
uid
hold
-up
hL [m
3/m
10
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
0.01
Liqu
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.3 made of metal
0 20
0.10
0.04
0.05
0.060.070.08
0.20
up h
L [m
3/m
3]
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)uL= 10203040
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.5
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 1.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
1/2
0.01
0.02
0.03
Liqu
id h
old-
u
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.5 made of metal
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
18
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
0.10
0.20
3]
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL=
30
40RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.7
0.10
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.060.070.08
uid
hold
-up
hL [m
3/m
10
20
30
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa1/2]
0.01
Liq
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal
0 20
0.10
0.04
0.05
0.060.070.08
0.20
up h
L in
m3/m
3
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL=
10
20
30
40RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
1/2
0.01
0.02
0.03
Liqu
id h
old-
u
Raschig Super-Ring No. 1 made of metal
Gas capacity factor Fv in Pa1/2
19
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
0.10
0.20
m3
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL= 40
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1.5
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.060.070.08
uid
hold
-up
hL in
m3 / L
10
20
30 Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor Fv in Pa1/2
0.01
Liq
Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal
0 100.10
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
uo h
L in
m3/m
3
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL=
10
20
30
40
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
1/2
0.01
0.02
Liqu
id h
old-
u
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 2 made of metal
Gas capacity factor Fv in Pa1/2
20
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal and plastic
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGSsystem: air/water
0.10
0.06
0.07
0.08
m3
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL=RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 3
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
uid
hold
-up
h L in
m3/m L
10
20
30
40
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor Fv in Pa1/2
0.01
Liq
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 3 made of metal
0 20
0.10
0.04
0.05
0.060.070.08
0.20
-up
hL in
m3 /m
3
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL=
20
30
40 RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
Column diameter: 0.288 mPacking height: 2.0 m
1.00.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Gas capacity factor F in Pa1/2
0.01
0.02
0.03
Liqu
id h
old-
Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of plastic
10
Gas capacity factor Fv in Pa1/2
21
Concluding remarks
The Raschig Super-Ring demonstrates that this high-performance packing element meets the numerousdemands of process engineering in an outstandingmanner The above description illustrates that a modernmanner. The above description illustrates that a modernpacking element design today must fulfil a number of fluiddynamic conditions. This is particularly true because, inmost applications, only a fraction of the surface of a fillingmaterial is wetted and used for mass transfer between thephases. However, unused surfaces can easily corrode orgenerate unnecessary pressure drop The Raschig Super-generate unnecessary pressure drop. The Raschig Super-Ring offers decisive advantage in this context, as itssurface utilisation has been optimised in terms of processengineering.
22