rare and uncommon native vascular plants of vermont ... · the vermont rare and uncommon native...
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The Vermont Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants List is produced by the Vermont Fish & Wildlife
Department's Natural Heritage Inventory with assistance from the Scientific Advisory Group on Flora of the VT
Endangered Species Committee. The Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory is the state’s official repository for records of
rare, threatened, and endangered species. Information in the Natural Heritage Database is the result of work of botanists,
natural resource professionals and interested amateurs.
This list is intended to inform naturalists, biologists, planners, developers and the general public about our rare native
flora. It contains a listing of the rare and uncommon, native, vascular plants of Vermont. These species may be rare
because they have very particular habitat requirements, are subject to habitat loss, are at the edge of their range, are
vulnerable to disturbance or collection, or have difficulty reproducing for unknown reasons.
Some taxa on this list are rare varieties of otherwise common or exotic species, and are noted as such. Unless
noted, varieties/subspecies on this list can be assumed to be the only varieties/subspecies of the species in Vermont.
Species with a state status of Threatened or Endangered (T or E) are protected by Vermont’s Endangered Species Law
(10 V.S.A. Chap. 123). Those with a federal status of Threatened or Endangered (LT or LE) are protected by the Federal
Endangered Species Act (P.L. 93-205).
The state and global ranks are informational categories regarding the rarity and extirpation/extinction risk of the species.
A brief explanation of legal status and informational ranks is attached to the end of the rare and uncommon plant list.
Members of the Scientific Advisory Group for Flora review the state ranks periodically for changes. Global ranks are
developed and reviewed by NatureServe (http://www.natureserve.org) and its international network of natural heritage
programs and conservation data centers.
Flora Conservanda (FC) status is a designation of a taxon’s rarity throughout New England. It is a collaborative effort
among all New England Heritage Programs and coordinated by the New England Wild Flower Society. Flora
Conservanda statuses were last reviewed and updated in 2012. See Appendix for explanation of ranks.
The Vermont Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants List follows the taxonomy and nomenclature included in the
following references:
Gilman, Arthur V. (2015) New Flora of Vermont
Gilman, Arthur V. (2017) County Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Vermont
Haines, Arthur (2011) Flora Novae Angliae
Haines, Arthur (2017) Flora Checklist (http://www.arthurhaines.com/tracheophyte-checklist)
If you locate a rare or uncommon species, the Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory would appreciate receiving
information on it. A Rare Plant Reporting Form is found at the end of this list. Please obtain landowner permission
before accessing private property.
For further information contact Robert Popp, Botanist (802) 476-0127; [email protected]; Vermont Fish &
Wildlife Department, 5 Perry Street Suite 40, Barre, VT 05641-4266
or Aaron Marcus, Assistant Botanist (802) 505-8099; [email protected]; Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department,
1 National Life Dr., Dewey Bldg., Montpelier, VT 05620-3702
Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants of Vermont
Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory
Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department
09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Slender Copperleaf S1 G5Acalypha gracilens
Black Maple S3 G5Acer nigrum
American Sweet-flag S3? G5Acorus americanus
Aleutian Maidenhair-fern S1 G5? Div. 2Adiantum aleuticum
Green Mountain
Maidenhair-fern
S2 G3 T Div. 1Adiantum viridimontanum
Smooth Agalinis SU G5Agalinis paupercula
Yellow Giant Hyssop S1 G5 T Div. 2Agastache nepetoides
Purple Giant Hyssop SH G4 T Div. 2Agastache scrophulariifolia
Southern Agrimony S1? G5 Div. 2Agrimonia parviflora
Hairy Agrimony SH G5Agrimonia pubescens
Boreal Bentgrass S1 G5Agrostis mertensii
Synonym(s): Agrostis borealis
Wild Garlic S1 G5T5 TAllium canadense var. canadense
Siberian Chives S1 G5Allium schoenoprasum
Burdick's Wild Leek SH G4G5 Div. 4Allium tricoccum var. burdickii1
Synonym(s): Allium burdickii
Green Alder S3 G5T5Alnus alnobetula ssp. crispa
Synonym(s): Alnus viridis ssp. crispa
Short-awn Foxtail S3 G5Alopecurus aequalis
Water Hemp S2 G4G5 Div. 2Amaranthus tuberculatus
Canada Shadbush SH G5Amelanchier canadensis
Small Round-leaved
Orchis
SH G5 Div. 2Amerorchis rotundifolia
Champlain Beach Grass S1 G2G3Q E Div. 1Ammophila breviligulata ssp.
champlainensis
2
Synonym(s): Ammophila champlainensis
Long-headed
Thimbleweed
S1S2 G5Anemone cylindrica
Early Thimbleweed S1 G5T5 E Div. 2Anemone multifida var. multifida
Alpine Sweet-grass S1 G5T3T5 T Div. 2Anthoxanthum monticola ssp.
monticola
Synonym(s): Hierochloe alpina ssp. orthantha
Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common native species.1
Globally rare subspecies of an otherwise introduced (to Vermont) species.2
Page 2 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
White Camas S1 G5T4T5 E Div. 2Anticlea glauca
Synonym(s): Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus, Anticlea elegans ssp. glauca, Anticlea elegans ssp. glaucus
Putty-root SH G5 T Div. 2Aplectrum hyemale
Lyre-leaved Rock-cress S2 G5 TArabidopsis lyrata
Synonym(s): Arabis lyrata
Dwarf Mistletoe S2 G5Arceuthobium pusillum
Arethusa S1 G5 T Div. 3aArethusa bulbosa
Green Dragon S2 G5 TArisaema dracontium
Churchmouse Threeawn S1? G5T5?Aristida dichotoma var. dichotoma
Spiked Grass S1? G5T5?Aristida longespica var. geniculata
New England Arnica SX G5T3T4 Div. 1Arnica lanceolata ssp. lanceolata
Synonym(s): Arnica mollis var. petiolaris
Boreal Wormwood S1 G5TNR Div. 2Artemisia campestris ssp. canadensis
Beach Wormwood S1 G5T5 Div. 3bArtemisia campestris ssp. caudata
Blunt-leaved Milkweed S1 G5 TAsclepias amplexicaulis
Poke Milkweed S3 G5Asclepias exaltata
Butterfly-weed SH G5?T5? TAsclepias tuberosa ssp. tuberosa
Whorled Milkweed S1 G5 EAsclepias verticillata
Mountain Spleenwort S1 G5 T Div. 2Asplenium montanum
Green Spleenwort S1 G4 T Div. 2Asplenium viride
Synonym(s): Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum
Alpine Milk-vetch SH G5T3 Div. 1Astragalus alpinus var. brunetianus
Canada Milk-vetch S2 G5T5 T Div. 2Astragalus canadensis var.
canadensis
Jesup's Milk-vetch S1 G5T1 LEE Div. 1Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupii
Blake's Milk-vetch S2 G5T5 Div. 2Astragalus robbinsii var. minor
Robbins' Milk-vetch SX G5TX Div. 4Astragalus robbinsii var. robbinsii
Smooth False-foxglove S2 G5T5Aureolaria flava var. flava
Feverweed S1 G5Aureolaria pedicularia
Downy False-foxglove S1 G5Aureolaria virginica
Yellow Wild-indigo SH G5Baptisia tinctoria
Yellow Bartonia S2 G5Bartonia virginica
Dwarf Birch S1 G4G5Q E Div. 2Betula minor
Page 3 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Raymund's birch SNA GNABetula x raymundii3
Sandberg's Birch SNA GNABetula x sandbergii3
Small Beggar-ticks S2 G5Bidens discoidea
Tufted Beggar-ticks SU G5T5Bidens tripartita ssp. comosa
Alpine Smartweed SX G5 Div. 2Bistorta vivipara
Synonym(s): Polygonum viviparum
Downy Wood-mint SH G5 Div. 2Blephilia ciliata
Smooth Wood-mint SH G5?THQ T Div. 4Blephilia hirsuta var. glabrata
Hairy Wood-mint S2 G5?T5? T Div. 2Blephilia hirsuta var. hirsuta
Strawberry Blite S1 G5T5Blitum capitatum ssp. capitatum
Synonym(s): Chenopodium capitatum var. capitatum
Graham's Rockcress S2S3 G5Boechera grahamii4
Drummond's Rock-cress S1S2 G5 EBoechera stricta
Synonym(s): Arabis drummondii
Green Rock-cress S1 G5 Div. 2aBorodinia missouriensis
Synonym(s): Arabis missouriensis, Boechera missouriensis
Upswept Moonwort S1 G3 Div. 1Botrychium ascendens
Prairie Moonwort S1 G3G4 Div. 1Botrychium campestre
Common Moonwort SH G5 Div. 2Botrychium lunaria5
Mingan Moonwort SH G4G5 E Div. 4Botrychium minganense
Leathery Grapefern S3 G5Botrychium multifidum
Synonym(s): Sceptridium multifidum
Blunt-lobed Grapefern S1 G4 Div. 2Botrychium oneidense
Synonym(s): Sceptridium oneidense
Rugulose Grapefern S1 G3 Div. 1Botrychium rugulosum
Synonym(s): Sceptridium rugulosum
Least Moonwort S2S3 G5Botrychium simplex
Spatulate Moonwort S1 G3Botrychium spathulatum
Shade Moonwort S1 G5T4? Div. INDBotrychium tenebrosum
Synonym(s): Botrychium simplex var. tenebrosum
Shorthusk S2S3 G5Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb) Beauv6
Northern Rock-cress S1 G5T5 T Div. 2Braya humilis ssp. humilis
Wild Chess S2 G5Bromus kalmii
Page 4 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Vermont plants formerly attributed to Arabis divaricarpa.4
Based on a single historical specimen; now believed to be newly defined B. neolunaria or B. onondagense.5
Excluding Brachyeletrum aristosum Michx. Trel. in Branner & Coville.6
One parent, Betula pumila, is not known from Vermont but would be considered rare if found.3
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Langsdorf's Bluejoint S1 G5T5 Div. 2Calamagrostis canadensis var.
langsdorfii
7
Short-flower Bluejoint SH G5T5? Div. INDCalamagrostis canadensis var.
macouniana
7
Pickering's Reed-grass S1 G5 ECalamagrostis pickeringii
Bentgrass S1 G5T5 E Div. 2aCalamagrostis stricta ssp. inexpansa
Northern Reedgrass SNA G5T5 Div. 2Calamagrostis stricta ssp. stricta8
Northern Water-starwort SH G5 Div. 4Callitriche hermaphroditica
Large Water-starwort S2 G5T5Callitriche heterophylla var.
heterophylla
Synonym(s): Callitriche heterophylla ssp. heterophylla
Tuberous Grass-pink S3 G5T5Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus
Fairy Slipper S1 G5T5 T Div. 3aCalypso bulbosa var. americana
Synonym(s): Calypso bulbosa ssp. americana
Twin-flower Hedge
Bindweed
S2 G5T5 Div. 2Calystegia silvatica ssp. fraterniflora
Synonym(s): Calystegia sepium var. fraterniflora
Low Bindweed S2 G4G5T4T5 T Div. 2aCalystegia spithamaea ssp.
spithamaea
Spring Cress S1 G5Cardamine bulbosa
Cutleaf Toothwort S3 G5Cardamine concatenata
Cuckoo Flower S1 G5 Div. 2Cardamine dentata
Synonym(s): Cardamine pratensis var. palustris
Large Toothwort S2S3 G5Cardamine maxima
Small-flower bittercress S2 G5Cardamine parviflora
Summer Sedge S3 G4Carex aestivalis
Whitetinge Sedge SH G5T5Carex albicans var. albicans
Emmon's Sedge S1 G5T5Carex albicans var. emmonsii
Synonym(s): Carex emmonsii
Foxtail Sedge S1 G5 Div. 2Carex alopecoidea
Water Sedge S2S3 G5TUCarex aquatilis ssp. altior
Contracted Sedge S1 G5 ECarex arcta
Hay Sedge S2S3 G5Carex argyrantha
Awned Sedge S1 G5 Div. 2Carex atherodes
Regionally rare varieties of an otherwise common native species.7
Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018 Page 5 of 32
Based on one historical specimen questionably collected in Vermont.8
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Atlantic Sedge S1 G5T5Carex atlantica var. atlantica
Howe's Sedge S1 G5T5?Carex atlantica var. capillacea
Synonym(s): Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea
Blackish Sedge S1 G5 T Div. 2Carex atratiformis
Back's Sedge S3 G5Carex backii
Bicknell's Sedge SH G5 Div. 2Carex bicknellii
Bigelow's Sedge S1 G5TNR Div. 3bCarex bigelowii ssp. bigelowii
Fescue Sedge S3 G5Carex brevior
Bush's Sedge S1 G4 Div. 2aCarex bushii
Buxbaum's Sedge S1 G5 ECarex buxbaumii
Capillary Sedge S1 G5T5 T Div. 2Carex capillaris ssp. capillaris
Creeping Sedge S1 G5 E Div. 3bCarex chordorrhiza
Northeastern Sedge S2S3 G4G5Carex cryptolepis
Clustered Sedge S1 G4?Carex cumulata
Davis' Sedge S1 G4 Div. 2Carex davisii
Urchin Sedge S1 G5TNRCarex echinodes
Synonym(s): Carex tenera var. echinodes
Bog Sedge S2 G5Carex exilis
Bronze Sedge S2 G5 ECarex foenea9
Handsome Sedge S3 G4Carex formosa
Garber's Sedge S1 G5 T Div. 2Carex garberi
Flaccid Sedge SH G5T5 Div. 2Carex glaucodea
Slender Sedge S1 G5? Div. 2Carex gracilescens
Gray's Sedge S3 G4G5Carex grayi
Hitchcock's Sedge S3 G5Carex hitchcockiana
Houghton's Sedge SH G5Carex houghtoniana
Smooth Sedge S3 G5Carex laevivaginata
Loose Sedge S3 G5T5Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis
Shore Sedge S2S3 G5Carex lenticularis
Pale Sedge S1 G5 T Div. 2Carex livida
Greenish-white Sedge SH G5Carex longii
False Hop Sedge S2 G4Carex lupuliformis
Carex siccata is the currently accepted name for what was called Carex foenea in older manuals. Carex foenea is the
currently accepted name for what was called Carex aenea in older manuals.
9
Page 6 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Fernald's Sedge S1 G5Carex merritt-fernaldii
Michaux Sedge S2 G5Carex michauxiana
Troublesome Sedge S1 G4 Div. 2Carex molesta
Nerveless Muehlenberg
Sedge
S1 G5T5 T Div. 3bCarex muehlenbergii var. enervis
Muehlenberg's Sedge S2 G5T5 TCarex muehlenbergii var.
muehlenbergii
Black Sedge SH G5Carex nigra
Few-fruited Sedge S1 G4G5 E Div. 2Carex oligocarpa
Few-seeded Sedge S2S3 G5Carex oligosperma
False Cyperus Sedge S3 G5Carex pseudocyperus
Richardson's Sedge S1 G5 E Div. 2Carex richardsonii
Beaked Sedge S1? G5 Div. 2Carex rostrata
Schweinitz's Sedge S2 G3G4 Div. 1Carex schweinitzii
Scirpus-like Sedge S2 G5T5 Div. 2aCarex scirpoidea ssp. scirpoidea
Hay Sedge S1 G5 ECarex siccata10
Dioecious Sedge S1 G4G5 Div. 3bCarex sterilis
Thin-flowered Sedge S1 G5 Div. 2Carex tenuiflora
Tinged Sedge SU G4G5Carex tincta
Hairy Sedge S3 G4Carex trichocarpa
Cat-tail Sedge S2S3 G5Carex typhina
Hidden Sedge SU G5Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd11
Synonym(s): Carex abdita
Sheathed Sedge S1 G5 E Div. 3bCarex vaginata
Wiegand's Sedge S1 G4Carex wiegandii
Willdenow's Sedge SH G5 Div. 2Carex willdenowii
Pignut Hickory S2 G5Carya glabra
Pale Painted-cup S1 G5 T Div. 2aCastilleja septentrionalis
Prairie Redroot S1 G5 E Div. 2Ceanothus herbaceus
Synonym(s): Ceanothus ovatus
American Bittersweet S3 G5 Div. INDCelastrus scandens
Nodding Chickweed S1 G5T5 Div. 2Cerastium nutans ssp. nutans
Synonym(s): Cerastium nutans var. nutans
Carex siccata is the currently accepted name for what was called Carex foenea in older manuals. Carex foenea is the
currently accepted name for what was called Carex aenea in older manuals.
10
Not including Carex tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. 11
Page 7 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Prickly Hornwort S2S3 G4Ceratophyllum echinatum
Wild Sensitive Plant S2 G5T5Chamaecrista nictitans var. nictitans
Synonym(s): Cassia nictitans
Bush's Goosefoot S1 G5T4T5 Div. 2Chenopodium berlandieri var.
bushianum
12
Coastal Pit-seeded
Goosefoot
SU G5T4Chenopodium berlandieri var.
macrocalycium
12
Fogg's Goosefoot S1 G2G3 Div. 1Chenopodium foggii
Spotted Wintergreen S3 G5Chimaphila maculata
Field Thistle S2 G5Cirsium discolor
Bog-rush S2S3 G5Cladium mariscoides
Virginia Spring Beauty S2 G5 Div. 2Claytonia virginica
Purple Clematis S3 G5T5Clematis occidentalis ssp. occidentalis
Synonym(s): Clematis verticillaris, Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis
Long-bract Green Orchis S3 G5Coeloglossum viride
Synonym(s): Dactylorhiza viridis
Redtop Panic-grass S2S3 G5?TNRColeataenia rigidula ssp. rigidula13
Synonym(s): Sorengia longifolia ssp. rigidula
Small-flowered Collinsia SH G5 Div. 4Collinsia parviflora
Canada Horse-balm S2 G5Collinsonia canadensis
Oak-drops S3 G5Conopholis americana
Autumn Coral-root S2 G5T5 TCorallorhiza odontorhiza var.
odontorhiza
Flowering Dogwood S1 G5 TCornus florida
Synonym(s): Benthamidia florida
Golden Corydalis S2 G5 T Div. 2Corydalis aurea
American Hazelnut S2S3 G5Corylus americana
Pygmyweed S1 G5Crassula aquatica
Synonym(s): Tillaea aquatica
Biltmore Hawthorn S1 G5Crataegus biltmoreana
Stinking Hawthorn SH GNR Div. 4Crataegus boyntonii
Brainerd's Hawthorn SU G5 Div. 2Crataegus brainerdii
Fireberry Hawthorn S3? G5TNRCrataegus chrysocarpa var.
chrysocarpa
13 Coleataenia rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) LeBlond in Gilman (2015). Sorengia longifolia ssp. rigidula in Haines (2011).
Once included in Panicum agrostoides.
12 Chenopodium berlandieri var. bushianum is rare native variety. Chenopodium berlandieri var. macrocalycium is rare and
unresolved. Chenopodium berlandieri var. zschackei is a rare exotic variety.
Page 8 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Precocious Hawthorn SH G4G5Q Div. 4Crataegus chrysocarpa var. praecox
Kansas Hawthorn SH G4?QCrataegus coccinioides
Northern Hawthorn SH G4G5Crataegus dissona
Dodge's Hawthorn S1 G4 Div. 4Crataegus dodgei
Faxon's Hawthorn SU G5 Div. 2Crataegus faxonii
Synonym(s): Crataegus chrysocarpa var. faxonii
Yellow Hawthorn SH GNRCrataegus flavida
River Hawthorn SU G3G4QCrataegus fluviatilis
Concord Hawthorn SH G3G4QCrataegus ideae
Intricate Hawthorn SH GNRCrataegus intricata
Blanchard's Hawthorn SU G4?TNR Div. 2Crataegus irrasa var. blanchardii
Synonym(s): Crataegus chrysocarpa var. blanchardii
Zigzag Hawthorn S1 GNRCrataegus irrasa var. irrasa
Jesup's Hawthorn SH G4G5Crataegus jesupii
Kennedy's Hawthorn SH GNA Div. 4Crataegus kennedyi14
Synonym(s): Crataegus x kennedyi
Grove Hawthorn SU G4? Div. 2Crataegus lucorum
Western Long-spine
Hawthorn
SU G5TNRCrataegus macracantha var.
occidentalis
15
Oakes' Hawthorn S1S2 GNR Div. 2Crataegus oakesiana
Poplar Hawthorn S1 GNRQ Div. 2Crataegus populnea
Rough-leaf Hawthorn SH G5?TNR Div. INDCrataegus scabrida var. asperifolia
Synonym(s): Crataegus asperifolia
Round-leaf Hawthorn SH G5?TNR Div. INDCrataegus scabrida var. cyclophylla
Synonym(s): Crataegus cyclophylla
Eggleston's Hawthorn SH G5?TNR Div. INDCrataegus scabrida var. egglestonii
Synonym(s): Crataegus egglestonii
Harsh Hawthorn SU G5?TNR Div. INDCrataegus scabrida var. scabrida
Pea Hawthorn SH G5TNR Div. 4Crataegus succulenta var. pisifera
Synonym(s): Crataegus pisifera
Fleshy Hawthorn S1 G5T5 Div. 2Crataegus succulenta var. succulenta
Weft Fern S1 G4G5 Div. 2Crepidomanes intricatum
Synonym(s): Trichomanes intricatum
In Gilman (2015) as Crataegus brainerdii x pruinosa.14
Page 9 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common native species.15
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Plains Frostweed S2 G5 TCrocanthemum bicknellii
Synonym(s): Helianthemum bicknellii
Canada Frostweed S2S3 G5Crocanthemum canadense
Synonym(s): Helianthemum canadense
Rattlebox S1 G5 TCrotalaria sagittalis
Fragile Rockbrake S3 G5 Div. 2Cryptogramma stelleri
Buttonbush Dodder S1 G5Cuscuta cephalanthi
Broad-flower Dodder SU G5T5?Q Div. INDCuscuta gronovii var. latiflora16
Northern Wild Comfrey S1 G5T4T5 T Div. 2Cynoglossum virginianum var.
boreale
Synonym(s): Cynoglossum boreale, Cynoglossum virginianum ssp. boreale, Andersonglossum boreale
Low Flatsedge S1 G5 ECyperus diandrus
Engelmann's Flatsedge S1 G4Q Div. INDCyperus engelmannii17
Red-root Flatsedge S2S3 G5Cyperus erythrorhizos
Houghton's Flatsedge S2 G4? T Div. 2aCyperus houghtonii
Rusty Flatsedge SU GNR Div. INDCyperus odoratus17
Awned Flatsedge S3 G5Cyperus squarrosus
Synonym(s): Cyperus aristatus
Ram's Head
Lady's-slipper
S2 G3 T Div. 1Cypripedium arietinum
Makasin's Yellow
Lady's-slipper
S2S3 G5T4T5 Div. 2Cypripedium parviflorum var.
makasin
Large Yellow
Lady's-slipper
S3 G5T5Cypripedium parviflorum var.
pubescens
Synonym(s): Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens, Cypripedium pubescens
Showy Lady's-slipper S3 G4G5Cypripedium reginae
Laurentian Bladder Fern S1 G3 Div. 1Cystopteris laurentiana
Tansy Mustard S1 G5T5 Div. 2Descurainia pinnata var. brachycarpa
Large-bracted Tick-trefoil S1 G5 E Div. 2Desmodium cuspidatum
Panicled Tick-trefoil S3 G5Desmodium paniculatum
Perplexed Tick-trefoil S2 G5Desmodium perplexum
Prostrate Tick-trefoil S1 G5 TDesmodium rotundifolium
Diapensia S1 G4G5 E Div. 3bDiapensia lapponica ssp. lapponica
Cyperus engelmannii was recently split from C. odoratus, and it appears that both species are present in Vermont.17
Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common native species.16
Page 10 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Columbian Rosette-grass S3 G5T5Dichanthelium columbianum
Synonym(s): Panicum columbianum, Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. columbianum
Cypress Witchgrass S3 G5T5Dichanthelium dichotomum var.
dichotomum
Synonym(s): Panicum dichotomum var. dichotomum, Dichanthelium dichotomum ssp. dichotomum
Few-flowered Panic-grass S2 G5T5Dichanthelium oligosanthes ssp.
scribnerianum
Synonym(s): Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum
Spherical Panic-grass S1 G5Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon
Synonym(s): Panicum sphaerocarpon
Yellow Panic-grass S3 G5Dichanthelium xanthophysum
Synonym(s): Panicum xanthophysum
Northern Ground-cedar S1S2 G5Diphasiastrum complanatum
Synonym(s): Lycopodium complanatum
Ground-fir S2 G4Diphasiastrum sabinifolium
Synonym(s): Lycopodium sabinifolium, Diphasiastrum x sabinifolium
Rock Draba S2S3 G4 Div. 2aDraba arabisans
Hoary Draba S1 G5 T Div. 2Draba cana
Synonym(s): Draba lanceolata, Draba breweri var. cana
Smooth Draba S1 G5 T Div. 2Draba glabella
American Dragonhead SH G5 T Div. 4Dracocephalum parviflorum
Tall Cinquefoil S3 G5T5Drymocallis arguta
Synonym(s): Potentilla arguta
Male Fern S2 G5T4? T Div. 2Dryopteris filix-mas ssp. brittonii
Fragrant Fern S2 G5Dryopteris fragrans
American Waterwort SH G4 Div. 2Elatine americana
Synonym(s): Elatine triandra var. americana
Small Waterwort S1 G5Elatine minima
Tidal Spikerush S1 G3 Div. 1Eleocharis aestuum
Flat-stem Spikerush SH G4 Div. 4Eleocharis compressa var. compressa
Wright's Spikerush S2 G2 Div. 1Eleocharis diandra
Olive Spikerush S1 G5Eleocharis flavescens var. olivacea
Synonym(s): Eleocharis olivacea
Matted Spikerush S3 G5Eleocharis intermedia
Slender Spikerush SH G4 Div. 2Eleocharis nitida
Page 11 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Ovate Spikerush S3 G5 Div. INDEleocharis ovata
Few-flowered Spikerush S2 G5 TEleocharis quinqueflora
Synonym(s): Eleocharis pauciflora
Robbins Spikerush S1 G4G5Eleocharis robbinsii
Nuttall Waterweed S3 G5Elodea nuttallii
MacGregor's Wild Rye SH GNR Div. 2Elymus macgregorii
Slender Wheatgrass S3 G5Elymus trachycaulus
Synonym(s): Agropyron trachycaulum
Southern Wild-rye SH G5TNR Div. INDElymus villosus var. arkansanus
Hairy Wild-rye S1 G5TNR Div. INDElymus villosus var. villosus
Wild-rye S3 G4G5Elymus wiegandii
Purple Crowberry SX G5T5Empetrum atropurpureum
Synonym(s): Empetrum eamesii ssp. atropurpureum
Black Crowberry S1 G5 Div. 3bEmpetrum nigrum
Marsh Willow-herb S1S2 G5Epilobium palustre
Marsh Horsetail S2S3 G5 TEquisetum palustre
Meadow Horsetail S3 G5Equisetum pratense
Lace Love-grass S2? G5Eragrostis capillaris
Frank's Love-grass S3 G5Eragrostis frankii
Creeping Love-grass S2S3 G5Eragrostis hypnoides
Hyssop-leaved Fleabane S2 G5 Div. 2Erigeron hyssopifolius
Provancher's Dwarf
Fleabane
S1 G5T3Q Div. 1Erigeron philadelphicus var.
provancheri
18
Tall Cotton-grass SNA G5T5Eriophorum angustifolium ssp.
angustifolium
19
Slender Cotton-grass S1 G5Eriophorum gracile
Rough Cotton-grass S1S2 G5Eriophorum tenellum
Musk Flower S3 G5 Div. 2Erythranthe moschata
Synonym(s): Mimulus moschatus
Sessile-leaved Boneset S1 G5 EEupatorium sessilifolium
Rib-seed Spurge S3? G5 Div. INDEuphorbia glyptosperma
Nodding Spurge S1? G5 Div. INDEuphorbia nutans
Synonym(s): Chamaesyce nutans
Based on a single historical specimen not certainly collected in Vermont.19
Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common native species.18
Page 12 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Rough-leaved Aster S2 G5Eurybia radula
Synonym(s): Aster radula
Hollow Joe-pye Weed SU G5?Eutrochium fistulosum
Synonym(s): Eupatorium fistulosum
Sweet Joe-pye Weed S2S3 G5T5?Eutrochium purpureum var.
purpureum
Synonym(s): Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum
Shortleaf Fescue S1 G5T5 Div. 2Festuca brachyphylla ssp.
brachyphylla
Coastal Red Fescue SH G5TNRFestuca rubra ssp. pruinosa20
Montane Red Fescue SH G5TNRFestuca rubra ssp. vallicola20
Autumn Fimbristylis S1? G5 EFimbristylis autumnalis
False Mermaid-weed SH G5 Div. 2Floerkea proserpinacoides
Northern Bedstraw S3 G5TNRGalium boreale ssp. septentrionale
Limestone Swamp
Bedstraw
SH G4? Div. 4Galium brevipes
Boreal Bedstraw S3 G5Galium kamtschaticum
Bog Bedstraw S1 G5 T Div. 3bGalium labradoricum
Large Marsh Bedstraw S2S3 G5T4Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum
Hairy Bedstraw S1 G5T5?Galium pilosum var. pilosum
Small Bedstraw S3 G5T5Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum
Fringe-top Closed
Gentian
S2 G5? T Div. 2Gentiana andrewsii
Felwort SH G5T5 T Div. 2Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta
Stiff Gentian S1 G5 TGentianella quinquefolia
Fringed Gentian S3 G5Gentianopsis crinita
Northern Toadflax SX G5Geocaulon lividum
Bicknell Northern
Crane's-bill
S3 G5Geranium bicknellii
Carolina Crane's-bill SH G5Geranium carolinianum
Spring Avens S1 G5 Div. 4Geum vernum
Sharp Manna-grass S1 G5 EGlyceria acutiflora
Eastern Manna-grass S2 G5Glyceria septentrionalis
Other subspecies are considered introduced in Vermont.20
Page 13 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Giant
Rattlesnake-plantain
SH G5 Div. 2Goodyera oblongifolia
Purple False Oats SH G4Graphephorum melicoides
Synonym(s): Trisetum melicoides
Northern Oak Fern SNA G5T4 Div. 4Gymnocarpium jessoense ssp.
parvulum
21
Nodding Stickseed S2 G5T5 T Div. 2Hackelia deflexa ssp. americana
Spurred Gentian S1 G5T5Halenia deflexa ssp. deflexa
Alpine Sweet-broom S1 G5T5?Hedysarum alpinum var. americanum
Sneezeweed S1 G5Helenium autumnale
Harsh Sunflower S2S3 G5 THelianthus strumosus
Ox-eye SH G5T5Heliopsis helianthoides var.
helianthoides
22
Umbellate Hawkweed SU G5 Div. 2Hieracium umbellatum
Rattlesnake Hawkweed S3 G5Hieracium venosum
Mare's-tail S1 G5 EHippuris vulgaris
Glade Fern S3 G5Homalosorus pycnocarpos
Synonym(s): Diplazium pycnocarpon
Longleaf Bluet S2 G5Houstonia longifolia
Golden-heather SH G4Hudsonia ericoides
Beach Heather S1 G5 E Div. 3bHudsonia tomentosa
Synonym(s): Hudsonia ericoides ssp. tomentosa
Mountain Fir Clubmoss S2 G5 Div. INDHuperzia appressa
Synonym(s): Huperzia appalachiana
Fir Clubmoss S1 G5 Div. 2Huperzia selago
Green Violet S1 G5 Div. 2Hybanthus concolor
Golden-seal S1 G3G4 E Div. 2Hydrastis canadensis
Broad-leaved Waterleaf S1 G5 T Div. 2Hydrophyllum canadense
Great St. John's-wort S2 G4 THypericum ascyron
Orange-grass St.
John's-wort
S2 G5Hypericum gentianoides
Red Pine-sap SU GNR Div. INDHypopitys lanuginosa
Star Grass SH G5Hypoxis hirsuta
Based on a single historical specimen not certainly collected in Vermont.21
Rare native variety of an otherwise introduced (to Vermont) species.22
Page 14 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Smooth Holly S1 G5Ilex laevigata
Engelmann's Quillwort S1 G4 TIsoetes engelmannii
Lake Quillwort S1 G5Isoetes lacustris
Synonym(s): Isoetes macrospora
River-bank Quillwort S2 GNRIsoetes septentrionalis23
Tuckerman's Quillwort S1 G4G5Isoetes tuckermanii
Green Mountain
Quillwort
S1 G1 EIsoetes viridimontana
Small Whorled Pogonia SX G2? LTE Div. 1Isotria medeoloides
Large Whorled Pogonia S2 G5 TIsotria verticillata
Tapering Rush S1 G5Juncus acuminatus
Alpine Rush S2 G5Juncus alpinoarticulatus
Synonym(s): Juncus alpinus
Greater Poverty Rush S1? G5TNRJuncus anthelatus
Broad-head Rush S3 G5Juncus brachycephalus
Greene's Rush S2 G5 EJuncus greenei
Grass Rush S3 G5Juncus marginatus
Soldier Rush S1 G4 EJuncus militaris
Secund Rush S1 G5? EJuncus secundus
Woodland Rush S1 G5Juncus subcaudatus
Torrey's Rush S2 G5 Div. 2Juncus torreyi
Highland Rush S1S2 G5 Div. 3bJuncus trifidus
Synonym(s): Oreojuncus trifidus
Vasey Rush S1 G5 Div. 2Juncus vaseyi
Creeping Juniper S1 G5 T Div. 3bJuniperus horizontalis
Common Water-willow SX G5 Div. 4Justicia americana
Mountain Laurel S3 G5Kalmia latifolia
Hairy Lettuce S1S2 G5? T Div. INDLactuca hirsuta
Beach Pea S2 G5T5 TLathyrus japonicus var. maritimus
Synonym(s): Lathyrus maritimus
Pale Vetchling S1S2 G5 Div. 2Lathyrus ochroleucus
Marsh Vetchling S2 G5 TLathyrus palustris
Beach Pinweed S1 G5T5?Lechea maritima var. maritima
23 Includes all of what Vermont formerly called Isoetes riparia (var. canadensis).
Page 15 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Lesser Pinweed SH G5 Div. INDLechea minor
Hairy Pinweed S1 G5 ELechea mucronata
Minute Duckweed SH G5 Div. INDLemna perpusilla
Turion Duckweed SH G5 Div. INDLemna turionifera
Round-head Bush-clover S3 G5Lespedeza capitata
Violet Bush-clover S1 G5 TLespedeza frutescens24
Hairy Bush-clover S1 G5T5? TLespedeza hirta ssp. hirta
Trailing Bush-clover S1 G5Lespedeza procumbens
Tall Bush-clover SH G4?Lespedeza stuevei
Violet Bush-clover S2S3 G5Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.24
Large White-flowered
Ground-cherry
SH G4? Div. 4Leucophysalis grandiflora
Synonym(s): Physalis grandiflora
Wood Lily S3 G5Lilium philadelphicum
Stiff Yellow Flax S1 G5 Div. 2Linum medium
Ridged Yellow Flax SU G5Linum striatum
Grooved Yellowflax SH G5T5 Div. 2Linum sulcatum var. sulcatum
Lily-leaved Twayblade S1 G5 T Div. 2Liparis liliifolia
Loesel's Twayblade S3 G5Liparis loeselii
Tulip Tree S1 G5 ELiriodendron tulipifera
American Shore-grass S2 G5Littorella americana
Great Blue Lobelia S1 G5T5 Div. 3bLobelia siphilitica var. siphilitica
Hairy Spike Lobelia SH G5T4T5 Div. INDLobelia spicata var. hirtella25
Hairy Honeysuckle S2 G5 Div. 2Lonicera hirsuta
Swamp Fly-honeysuckle S2 G4G5Lonicera oblongifolia
Mountain
Fly-honeysuckle
S3 G5Lonicera villosa
Many-fruited
False-loosestrife
S1 G4 E Div. 2Ludwigia polycarpa
Wild Lupine S1 G5T4? E Div. 3aLupinus perennis ssp. perennis
Small-flowered Rush S2S3 G5Luzula parviflora
Spiked Wood-rush S1 G5 Div. 2Luzula spicata
Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common native species.25
Lespedeza frutescens, the currently accepted name, is synonymous with Lespedeza violacea of authors other than (L.) Pers.
Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. was formerly known as L.intermedia (S. Watts) Britton.
24
Page 16 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Slender Bog-clubmoss SH G5Lycopodiella appressa
Synonym(s): Lycopodium appressum
Virginia Bugleweed S2 G5Lycopus virginicus
Climbing Fern S1 G4 E Div. 3(b)Lygodium palmatum
Lance-leaved Loosestrife S1 G5Lysimachia hybrida
Synonym(s): Lysimachia lanceolata ssp. hybrida
Winged-loosestrife S1 G5T5 Div. 2Lythrum alatum ssp. alatum
Bayard's Adder's-mouth SNA G1G2 Div. 1Malaxis bayardii26
White Adder's-mouth S2S3 G4G5Q T Div. 2aMalaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda
Synonym(s): Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda, Malaxis brachypoda
Green Adder's-mouth S2 G5Malaxis unifolia
Mountain Sandwort S1 G5 Div. 3bMinuartia groenlandica
Synonym(s): Arenaria groenlandica, Mononeuria groenlandica
Marcescent Sandwort S1 G3 T Div. 1Minuartia marcescens
Synonym(s): Arenaria marcescens, Cherleria marcescens
Marble Sandwort S1 G5 T Div. 2Minuartia rubella
Synonym(s): Arenaria rubella, Sabulina rubella
Large-leaved Sandwort S2 G5 Div. 2Moehringia macrophylla
Dotted Horsemint S1 G5 Div. 2Monarda punctata
Red Mulberry S1 G5 T Div. 2Morus rubra
Schreber's Muhly S2 G5Muhlenbergia schreberi
Sprout Muhly S2 G5Muhlenbergia sobolifera
Woodland Muhly S1 G5Muhlenbergia sylvatica
Slender Muhly S3 G5Muhlenbergia tenuiflora
Fall Dropseed Muhly S3 G5Muhlenbergia uniflora
Smaller Forget-me-not S2 G5Myosotis laxa
Spring Forget-me-not S1S2 G5Myosotis verna
Water Milfoil S2S3 G5Myriophyllum alterniflorum
Farwell's Water-milfoil S2S3 G5Myriophyllum farwellii
Low Water-milfoil S1S2 G5Myriophyllum humile
Whorled Water-milfoil S2S3 G5Myriophyllum verticillatum
Boott's Rattlesnake-root S1 G2 E Div. 1Nabalus boottii
Synonym(s): Prenanthes boottii
Based on one historical specimen with questionable ID.26
Page 17 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Glaucous
Rattlesnake-root
SU G5Nabalus racemosus
Three-leaved
Rattlesnake-root
S3 GNRNabalus trifoliolatus
Synonym(s): Prenanthes trifoliolata
Slender Naiad S2 G5?Najas gracillima
Guadalupe Naiad S2 G5T5Najas guadalupensis ssp.
guadalupensis
Auricled Twayblade S1 G3G4 E Div. 1Neottia auriculata
Synonym(s): Listera auriculata
Southern Twayblade S1 G4 E Div. 2Neottia bifolia
Synonym(s): Listera australis
Broadleaf Twayblade S3? G5Neottia convallarioides
Synonym(s): Listera convallarioides
Heartleaf Twayblade S3 G5Neottia cordata
Synonym(s): Listera cordata
Dwarf Water-lily S1 G5 E Div. 2Nymphaea leibergii
Black Gum or Tupelo S3 G5Nyssa sylvatica
Bog Aster S2 G5Oclemena nemoralis
Synonym(s): Aster nemoralis
Nodding
Evening-primrose
SH G4 Div. 4Oenothera nutans
Hairy Evening-primrose SU G5T5?Oenothera villosa ssp. villosa
Woodland Cudweed S2? G4 EOmalotheca sylvatica
Synonym(s): Gnaphalium sylvaticum
Northern Adder's-tongue S1 G5 Div. 3aOphioglossum pusillum
Mountain Sweet-cicely SH G5Osmorhiza berteroi
Synonym(s): Osmorhiza chilensis
Blunt-fruited
Sweet-cicely
SH G5 Div. 4Osmorhiza depauperata
Violet Wood-sorrel SNA G5 Div. 2Oxalis violacea27
American Ginseng S3 G3G4 Div. 1Panax quinquefolius
Stiff Witch-grass S1 G5 E Div. 2Panicum flexile
Based on historical specimen and reports that were never fully verified.27
Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018 Page 18 of 32
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Philadelphia Panic-grass S1 G5?Panicum philadelphicum ssp.
philadelphicum
Synonym(s): Panicum philadelphicum var. philadelphicum
Tuckerman's Panic-grass S3 G3G5Panicum tuckermanii
Synonym(s): Panicum philadelphicum var. tuckermanii
Switch Grass S3 G5Panicum virgatum
Massachusetts Fern S2 G4G5Parathelypteris simulata
Synonym(s): Thelypteris simulata
Smooth Forked
Chickweed
S1 G5 Div. 3bParonychia canadensis
Hairy Forked Chickweed SU G5T5 Div. 2Paronychia fastigiata var. fastigiata
Slender Paspalum S2S3 G5TNRPaspalum setaceum var. muhlenbergii
Synonym(s): Paspalum ciliatifolium
Purple-stem Cliff-brake S3 G5Pellaea atropurpurea
Smooth Cliff-brake S3 G5T5Pellaea glabella ssp. glabella
Arrowleaf S2S3 G5Peltandra virginica
Hairy Beardtongue S3 G4Penstemon hirsutus
Pale Beardtongue S1 G5Penstemon pallidus
Carey's Smartweed S1 G4Persicaria careyi
Synonym(s): Polygonum careyi
Mild Water-pepper S3 G5Persicaria hydropiperoides
Synonym(s): Polygonum hydropiperoides
Sweet Coltsfoot S2 G5T5 TPetasites frigidus var. palmatus
Broad Beech-fern S2S3 G5Phegopteris hexagonoptera
Synonym(s): Thelypteris hexagonoptera
American Reed S1S2 G5T5 Div. INDPhragmites americanus
Synonym(s): Phragmites australis ssp. americanus
Strawberry-tomato S1? G5?Physalis grisea
Smooth Ground-cherry SH G5T4T5Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata
Obedient Plant S2 G5T5 TPhysostegia virginiana ssp. virginiana28
Black-seeded Clearweed S1? G5 Div. INDPilea fontana
Butterwort S1 G5 Div. 2Pinguicula vulgaris
Jack Pine SH G5 TPinus banksiana
Only Lake Champlain populations are believed to be native. Other populations not tracked in Natural Heritage Database.28
Page 19 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Slender Mountain-rice S2 G5 TPiptatheropsis pungens
Synonym(s): Piptatherum pungens, Oryzopsis pungens
White-fringed Orchid S2 G4G5T4T5Platanthera blephariglottis var.
blephariglottis
Tubercled Orchid S2 G4?T4Q TPlatanthera flava var. herbiola
Hooker's Orchid S2 G4 TPlatanthera hookeri
Huron Orchid S3 G5T5? Div. INDPlatanthera huronensis
Synonym(s): Platanthera hyperborea var. huronensis
Large Roundleaf Orchid S1 G5T4Platanthera macrophylla
Roundleaf Orchid S2 G5TNRPlatanthera orbiculata
Glaucous Bluegrass SH G5T5 Div. 2Poa glauca ssp. glauca
Inland Bluegrass S1 G5T5 Div. 2Poa interior
Wavy Bluegrass S1 G5?T3 Div. 1Poa laxa ssp. fernaldiana
Synonym(s): Poa fernaldiana
Agassiz Kentucky
Bluegrass
SH G5TNR Div. 2Poa pratensis ssp. agassizensis29
Lax Bluegrass S1S2 G5T3T4Q Div. 2Poa saltuensis ssp. languida
Synonym(s): Poa languida
Drooping Bluegrass S3 G5Poa saltuensis ssp. saltuensis
Synonym(s): Poa saltuensis
May-apple S1 G5 Div. 2Podophyllum peltatum
Riverweed S1 G5Podostemum ceratophyllum
Rose Pogonia S3 G5Pogonia ophioglossoides
Eastern Jacob's Ladder S2 G3G4 T Div. 1Polemonium vanbruntiae
Racemed Milkwort S2 G5Polygala polygama
Field Milkwort S3 G5Polygala sanguinea
Seneca Snakeroot S2S3 G4G5Polygala senega
Ambiguous Milkwort S1S2 G5T5? Div. 2Polygala verticillata var. ambigua
Synonym(s): Polygala ambigua
Whorled Milkwort S1S2 G5T5?Polygala verticillata var. verticillata
Synonym(s): Polygala verticillata
Common Solomon's-seal S1 G5Polygonatum biflorum
Douglas' Knotweed S2 G5 EPolygonum douglasii
Erect Knotweed SH G5 Div. INDPolygonum erectum
Rare, possibly native subspecies of an otherwise common exotic species.29
Page 20 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Slender Knotweed SU G5Polygonum tenue
White-flowered Leafcup S1 G5 E Div. 2Polymnia canadensis
Snail-seed Pondweed S2 G4Potamogeton bicupulatus
Tuckerman's Pondweed S2 G4Potamogeton confervoides
Fries' Pondweed S3 G5Potamogeton friesii
Hill's Pondweed S3 G3 Div. 1Potamogeton hillii
Blunt-leaf Pondweed S3 G5Potamogeton obtusifolius
Straight-leaf Pondweed S2S3 G5Potamogeton strictifolius
Vasey's Pondweed S2 G4Potamogeton vaseyi
Ogden's Pondweed S1 G1G2 Div. 1Potamogeton x ogdenii
Synonym(s): Potamogeton ogdenii
Northern Cinquefoil SX G5T5 EPotentilla litoralis
Synonym(s): Potentilla pensylvanica var. pectinata
Bird's-eye Primrose S1 G5 T Div. 3bPrimula mistassinica
Marsh Mermaid-weed S2S3 G5Proserpinaca palustris
Wild Plum S1? G5 TPrunus americana
Low Sand Cherry S2 G5T5Prunus pumila var. depressa
Susquehanna Sand
Cherry
S1 G5T4T5 EPrunus susquehanae
Synonym(s): Prunus pumila var. cuneata, Prunus pumila var. susquehanae, Prunus cuneata
Winged Cudweed S3 G5Pseudognaphalium macounii
Synonym(s): Gnaphalium macounii
Pinedrops S1 G5 E Div. 2Pterospora andromedea
Hoary Mountain-mint S1 G5T5 EPycnanthemum incanum var. incanum
Blunt Mountain-mint S1 G5Pycnanthemum muticum
Whorled Mountain-mint S2S3 G5T5Pycnanthemum verticillatum var.
verticillatum
Bog Wintergreen S2 G5T5 TPyrola asarifolia ssp. asarifolia
Green-flower Shinleaf SU G5Pyrola chlorantha
Synonym(s): Pyrola virens
Lesser Pyrola S1 G5 E Div. 3bPyrola minor
Scarlet Oak S1 G5Quercus coccinea
Scrub Oak S1 G5 EQuercus ilicifolia
Page 21 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
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Yellow Oak S3 G5Quercus muehlenbergii
Dwarf Chinquapin Oak S1 G5 EQuercus prinoides
Allegheny Crowfoot S2 G4G5 TRanunculus allegheniensis
White Water-crowfoot S3 G5T5Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus
Early Buttercup SH G5Ranunculus fascicularis
Yellow Water-crowfoot S3 G5Ranunculus flabellaris
Bristly Buttercup S1 G5T5 Div. INDRanunculus hispidus
Synonym(s): Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus
Bristly Crowfoot S3 G5Ranunculus pensylvanicus
Cursed Crowfoot S3 G5T5Ranunculus sceleratus var. sceleratus
Virginia Meadow-beauty S1 G5 TRhexia virginica
Roseroot S1 G5 T Div. 3bRhodiola rosea
Synonym(s): Sedum rosea
Lapland Rosebay S1? G5 Div. 2Rhododendron lapponicum
Great Laurel S2 G5 T Div. 3bRhododendron maximum
Pinxter-flower S1? G5Rhododendron periclymenoides
Synonym(s): Rhododendron nudiflorum
Fragrant Sumac S3 G5T5Rhus aromatica var. aromatica
Capillary Beak-rush S1 G4 T Div. 2Rhynchospora capillacea
Lake-cress S1 G4? T Div. 2Rorippa aquatica
Synonym(s): Armoracia lacustris, Armoracia aquatica, Neobeckia aquatica
Needle-spine Rose S1 G5T5 E Div. 2Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi
Shining Rose S2 G5Rosa nitida
Black-eyed Susan SH G5T4T5 Div. INDRudbeckia hirta var. hirta30
Western Dock SH G5T5 Div. 4Rumex occidentalis
Seabeach Dock SH G4Rumex pallidus
Small Pearlwort SH G5 Div. INDSagina decumbens
Appalachian Arrowhead S1? G5Sagittaria australis
Engelmann's Arrowhead SH G5?Sagittaria engelmanniana
Sessile-fruited Arrowhead S3 G5Sagittaria rigida
Peach-leaf Willow S1 G5 Div. 4Salix amygdaloides
Hoary Willow S3 G5Salix candida
Regionally rare, possibly native, variety of an otherwise exotic species.30
Page 22 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Bog Willow S2 G5Salix pedicellaris
Satiny Willow S1 G5Salix pellita
Tea-leaved Willow S1 G5T5 T Div. 2Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia
Autumn Willow S1 G5Salix serissima
Bearberry Willow S1 G5 E Div. 2Salix uva-ursi
Water Pimpernel S1 G5T5Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus
Synonym(s): Samolus parviflorus
Canada Burnet S2 G5Sanguisorba canadensis
Short-styled Snakeroot S2S3 G5T5 TSanicula canadensis var. canadensis
Long-styled Snakeroot SH G5T3T5 T Div. 4Sanicula canadensis var. grandis
Long-fruited Snakeroot S3 G4Sanicula trifoliata
Sassafras S3 G5Sassafras albidum
Yellow Mountain
Saxifrage
S1 G5 Div. 2Saxifraga aizoides
Purple Mountain
Saxifrage
S1 G5T5 Div. 2Saxifraga oppositifolia ssp.
oppositifolia
White Mountain
Saxifrage
S1 G5 Div. 2Saxifraga paniculata
Synonym(s): Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaea
Pod-grass S2 G5 TScheuchzeria palustris
Pursh's Bulrush S3 G4G5T4T5Schoenoplectiella purshiana var.
purshiana
Synonym(s): Schoenoplectus purshianus var. purshianus, Scirpus purshianus var. purshianus
Smith's Bulrush S1 G5?TNRSchoenoplectiella smithii var. setosa
Synonym(s): Schoenoplectus smithii var. setosus, Scirpus smithii var. setosus
Smith's Bulrush S2 G5?TNRSchoenoplectiella smithii var. smithii
Synonym(s): Schoenoplectus smithii var. smithii, Scirpus smithii var smithii
Slender Bulrush S1S2 G5 Div. 2Schoenoplectus heterochaetus
Synonym(s): Scirpus heterochaetus
Water Bulrush S3 G5Schoenoplectus subterminalis
Synonym(s): Scirpus subterminalis
Torrey's Bulrush S1S2 G5?Schoenoplectus torreyi
Synonym(s): Scirpus torreyi
Barbed-bristle Bulrush S2S3 G3 LEE Div. 1Scirpus ancistrochaetus
Georgia Bulrush S1? G5 Div. INDScirpus georgianus
Page 23 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Many-leaved Sedge S3 G5Scirpus polyphyllus
Whip Nutsedge SNA G5 Div. 2Scleria triglomerata31
Hare Figwort S3 G5Scrophularia lanceolata
Carpenter's-square SU G5Scrophularia marilandica
Shale Barren Skullcap S1 G4T4 Div. INDScutellaria parvula var. missouriensis
Small Skullcap S2 G4T4 Div. 2Scutellaria parvula var. parvula
Meadow Spikemoss S3 G5Selaginella apoda
Rock Spikemoss S3 G5Selaginella rupestris
Wild Senna S1 G5 T Div. 2Senna hebecarpa
Synonym(s): Cassia hebecarpa
White-topped Aster SH G5Sericocarpus asteroides
Synonym(s): Aster paternus
Canada Buffaloberry S3 G5Shepherdia canadensis
Starry Catchfly SH G5 Div. 2Silene stellata
Narrow Blue-eyed-grass S2S3 G5Sisyrinchium angustifolium
Eastern Blue-eyed-grass S1 G5Sisyrinchium atlanticum
Slender Blue-eyed-grass SH G5Sisyrinchium mucronatum
Brenda's Goldenrod SH GNRSolidago brendiae
Cutler's Goldenrod S1 G4 Div. 2Solidago leiocarpa
Synonym(s): Solidago cutleri
Sweet Goldenrod SH G5T5 TSolidago odora ssp. odora
Roughleaf Goldenrod S3 G5Solidago patula
Snowy Aster S2 G5 Div. 2Solidago ptarmicoides
Synonym(s): Aster ptarmicoides, Oligoneuron album
River-ledge Goldenrod S1 G5T3? Div. INDSolidago racemosa
Synonym(s): Solidago simplex var. racemosa, Solidago simplex ssp. randii var. racemosa
Rand's Mountain
Goldenrod
S2S3 G5T4Solidago randii
Synonym(s): Solidago simplex var. monticola, Solidago simplex ssp. randii var. monticola
Showy Goldenrod SH G5T5?Solidago speciosa var. speciosa
Squarrose Goldenrod S2S3 G4?Solidago squarrosa
Elm-leaved Goldenrod S1 G5 ESolidago ulmifolia
Northern Mountain-ash S3 G5Sorbus decora
Based on a single historical specimen not certainly collected in Vermont.31
Page 24 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Indian Grass S3 G5Sorghastrum nutans
Branching Bur-reed S1 G4G5 Div. INDSparganium androcladum
Water Bur-reed S3 G5Sparganium fluctuans
Lesser Bur-reed S2S3 G5 TSparganium natans
Synonym(s): Sparganium minimum
Shiny Wedgegrass S1 G5 E Div. 2aSphenopholis nitida
Blunt Sphenopholis SH G5 E Div. 2Sphenopholis obtusata
Stiff Clubmoss S1 G5T4T5Spinulum canadense
Synonym(s): Lycopodium annotinum var. pungens
Case's Ladies'-tresses S2? G4T4 Div. 2Spiranthes casei var. casei
Southern Slender
Ladies'-tresses
SH G5T4T5Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis
Northern Slender
Ladies'-tresses
S3 G5T5Spiranthes lacera var. lacera
Shining Ladies'-tresses S3 G4Spiranthes lucida
Yellow Nodding
Ladies'-tresses
S3 G4Spiranthes ochroleuca
Hooded Ladies'-tresses S3 G5Spiranthes romanzoffiana
Rough Dropseed S2 G5T5 ESporobolus compositus var.
compositus
Synonym(s): Sporobolus asper
Small Dropseed S1? G5 Div. 2Sporobolus neglectus
Rough Hedge-nettle SU G5T4Q Div. INDStachys hispida
Synonym(s): Stachys tenuifolia var. hispida
Marsh Woundwort S2? G5T5Stachys pilosa var. pilosa
Trailing Stitchwort S2 G5Stellaria alsine
Slender Pondweed S1 G5 Div. 2Stuckenia filiformis
Synonym(s): Potamogeton filiformis
Hybrid Thread-leaved
Pondweed
S1 GNAStuckenia x fennica32
Water Awlwort SH G5T5Subularia aquatica var. americana
Synonym(s): Subularia aquatica ssp. americana
Wild Snowberry S3 G5T5Symphoricarpos albus var. albus33
Boreal Aster SH G5Symphyotrichum boreale
Synonym(s): Aster borealis
Hybrid of Stuckenia filiformis and S. vaginata. One parent, S. vaginata, has never been documented in Vermont. Stuckenia
filiformis ssp. occidentalis and Stuckenia x suecica previously misapplied to Vermont plants.
32
Page 25 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
33 Uncommon, native variety of an otherwise introduced (to Vermont) species.
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Ciliolate Aster S1 G5Symphyotrichum ciliolatum
Synonym(s): Aster ciliolatus
Smooth Blue Aster S2S3 G5T5Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve
Synonym(s): Aster laevis var. laevis
Inland Lance-leaf Aster SU G5T5 Div. INDSymphyotrichum lanceolatum var.
interior
34
Sy
Synonym(s): Aster lanceolatus var. interior, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp. lanceolatum var. interior
Ontario Aster S1S2 G5 Div. 2Symphyotrichum ontarionis
Synonym(s): Aster ontarionis
Crooked-stem Aster S2? G4G5 Div. 2Symphyotrichum prenanthoides
Synonym(s): Aster prenanthoides
Small White Aster S2 G4G5Symphyotrichum racemosum
Synonym(s): Aster racemosus, Aster vimineus
Tradescant Aster S2 G4QSymphyotrichum tradescantii
Synonym(s): Aster tradescantii, Aster vimineus var. saxatilis
White-arrow Aster S1 G4G5 Div. 2Symphyotrichum urophyllum
Synonym(s): Aster urophyllus, Aster sagittifolius
Yellow Pimpernel S2 G5 T Div. 2Taenidia integerrima
Waxy Meadow-rue SNA G5Thalictrum revolutum35
Rue-anemone S1 G5Thalictrum thalictroides
Synonym(s): Anemonella thalictroides
Border Meadow-rue S2S3 G5 Div. 2Thalictrum venulosum
Hairy Climbing
Poison-ivy
SH G5T5 Div. 4Toxicodendron radicans ssp. negundo36
Sticky False-asphodel S1 G5 TTriantha glutinosa
Synonym(s): Tofieldia glutinosa
Deer-hair Sedge S1 G5Trichophorum cespitosum
Synonym(s): Scirpus cespitosus
Bashful Bulrush S1 G4G5 ETrichophorum planifolium
Synonym(s): Scirpus verecundus
False Pennyroyal S1 G5 Div. 2Trichostema brachiatum
Synonym(s): Isanthus brachiatus
Common Arrow-grass S1 G5 E Div. 3bTriglochin maritima
Nodding Trillium S3 G5Trillium cernuum
Venus's-looking-glass S2S3 G5Triodanis perfoliata
Synonym(s): Specularia perfoliata
Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common, native species.
35
36
Based on one historical specimen with questionable identification. Uncertain if present.
34
Page 26 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common, native species.
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Coffee Tinker's-weed S3 G5T5Triosteum aurantiacum var.
aurantiacum
Three-bird Orchid S1 G3G4T3T4 TTriphora trianthophora ssp.
trianthophora
Synonym(s): Triphora trianthophora var. trianthophora, Triphora trianthophoros var. trianthophoros
Hairy-glumed False Oats S1? G5T3?QTrisetum spicatum var. pilosiglume
Narrow False Oats S3 G5TNRTrisetum spicatum var. spicatum
Cork Elm S1 G5 T Div. 2Ulmus thomasii
Hidden-fruited
Bladderwort
S3 G4G5Utricularia geminiscapa
Humped Bladderwort S3 G5Utricularia gibba
Lesser Bladderwort S3 G5Utricularia minor
Purple Bladderwort S3 G5Utricularia purpurea
Inflated Bladderwort S2S3 G4Utricularia radiata
Synonym(s): Utricularia inflata var. minor
Northeastern Bladderwort S1 G4 TUtricularia resupinata
Perfoliate Bellwort S2 G5Uvularia perfoliata
Boreal Blueberry S1 G4Vaccinium boreale
Dwarf Bilberry S2 G5Vaccinium caespitosum
Synonym(s): Vaccinium cespitosum
Deerberry S1 G5 EVaccinium stamineum
Alpine Bilberry S2 G5 Div. 3bVaccinium uliginosum
Mountain Cranberry S2 G5Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Mountain Hairgrass SH G5Vahlodea atropurpurea
Synonym(s): Deschampsia atropurpurea
Marsh Valerian S1 G4 E Div. 2Valeriana uliginosa
Narrow-leaved Vervain SH G5 Div. 2Verbena simplex
Water-speedwell S1 G5 Div. 2Veronica catenata
Northern Thyme-leaf
Speedwell
SH G5T5?Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa
Synonym(s): Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa
Culver's-root S1 G4 E Div. INDVeronicastrum virginicum
Squashberry S1 G5 TViburnum edule
Page 27 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
Federal
Status
Global
RankCommon NameScientific Name
State
Rank
FC
Status
State
Status
Downy Arrowwood S3 G5T4T5Viburnum rafinesquianum var.
rafinesquianum
Lance-leaved Violet S1 G5T5 TViola lanceolata ssp. lanceolata
Northern Bog Violet SH G5Viola nephrophylla
Early Blue Violet S2 G5T5?Viola palmata L.37
Lobed Violet S1 G3G5 Div. INDViola subsinuata37
Eight-flowered Fescue S1 G5TNR EVulpia octoflora var. tenella
Synonym(s): Festuca octoflora var. tenella
Brazilian Water-meal SU G5Wolffia brasiliensis
Alpine Woodsia S1 G4G5 E Div. 2Woodsia alpina
Smooth Woodsia S2 G5 Div. 2aWoodsia glabella
Blunt-leaved Woodsia S3 G5T5Woodsia obtusa ssp. obtusa
Virginia Chain-fern S1 G5 TWoodwardia virginica
Synonym(s): Anchistea virginica
Bog Yellow-eyed-grass SH G5T5Xyris difformis var. difformis
Northern
Yellow-eyed-grass
S1 G5 TXyris montana
Horned Pondweed S1S2 G5Zannichellia palustris
Viola triloba is now part of V. palmata (L.) Viola subsinuata is the currently accepted name for V. palmata of authors other
than L.
37
Page 28 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018
SYNONYMY INDEX
CURRENT NAMESYNONYM SYNONYM CURRENT NAME
Agropyron trachycaulum Elymus trachycaulus
Agrostis borealis Agrostis mertensii
Allium burdickii Allium tricoccum var. burdickii
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Alnus alnobetula ssp. crispa
Anchistea virginica Woodwardia virginica
Andersonglossum boreale Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale
Anemonella thalictroides Thalictrum thalictroides
Anticlea elegans ssp. glauca Anticlea glauca
Anticlea elegans ssp. glaucus Anticlea glauca
Arabis drummondii Boechera stricta
Arabis lyrata Arabidopsis lyrata
Arabis missouriensis Borodinia missouriensis
Arenaria groenlandica Minuartia groenlandica
Arenaria marcescens Minuartia marcescens
Arenaria rubella Minuartia rubella
Armoracia aquatica Rorippa aquatica
Armoracia lacustris Rorippa aquatica
Arnica mollis var. petiolaris Arnica lanceolata ssp. lanceolata
Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum Asplenium viride
Aster borealis Symphyotrichum boreale
Aster ciliolatus Symphyotrichum ciliolatum
Aster laevis var. laevis Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve
Aster lanceolatus var. interior Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var.
interior
Aster nemoralis Oclemena nemoralis
Aster ontarionis Symphyotrichum ontarionis
Aster paternus Sericocarpus asteroides
Aster prenanthoides Symphyotrichum prenanthoides
Aster ptarmicoides Solidago ptarmicoides
Aster racemosus Symphyotrichum racemosum
Aster radula Eurybia radula
Aster sagittifolius Symphyotrichum urophyllum
Aster tradescantii Symphyotrichum tradescantii
Aster urophyllus Symphyotrichum urophyllum
Aster vimineus Symphyotrichum racemosum
Benthamidia florida Cornus florida
Boechera brachycarpa Boechera grahamii
Boechera missouriensis Borodinia missouriensis
Botrychium simplex var. tenebrosum Botrychium tenebrosum
Callitriche heterophylla ssp.
heterophylla
Callitriche heterophylla var.
heterophylla
Calypso bulbosa ssp. americana Calypso bulbosa var. americana
Calystegia sepium var. fraterniflora Calystegia silvatica ssp. fraterniflora
Cardamine pratensis var. palustris Cardamine dentata
Cardamine rhomboidea Cardamine bulbosa
Carex abdita Carex umbellata
Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea Carex atlantica var. capillacea
Carex emmonsii Carex albicans var. emmonsii
Carex tenera var. echinodes Carex echinodes
Cassia hebecarpa Senna hebecarpa
Cassia nictitans Chamaecrista nictitans var. nictitans
Ceanothus ovatus Ceanothus herbaceus
Cerastium nutans var. nutans Cerastium nutans ssp. nutans
Chamaesyce nutans Euphorbia nutans
Chenopodium capitatum var. capitatum Blitum capitatum ssp. capitatum
Cherleria marcescens Minuartia marcescens
Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis Clematis occidentalis ssp. occidentalis
Clematis verticillaris Clematis occidentalis ssp. occidentalis
Crataegus asperifolia Crataegus scabrida var. asperifolia
Crataegus chrysocarpa var. blanchardii Crataegus irrasa var. blanchardii
Crataegus chrysocarpa var. faxonii Crataegus faxonii
Crataegus cyclophylla Crataegus scabrida var. cyclophylla
Crataegus egglestonii Crataegus scabrida var. egglestonii
Crataegus pisifera Crataegus succulenta var. pisifera
Cynoglossum boreale Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale
Cynoglossum virginianum ssp. boreale Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale
Cyperus aristatus Cyperus squarrosus
Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens Cypripedium parviflorum var.
pubescens
Cypripedium pubescens Cypripedium parviflorum var.
pubescens
Dactylorhiza viridis Coeloglossum viride
Deschampsia atropurpurea Vahlodea atropurpurea
Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp.
columbianum
Dichanthelium columbianum
Dichanthelium dichotomum ssp.
dichotomum
Dichanthelium dichotomum var.
dichotomum
Dichanthelium oligosanthes var.
scribnerianum
Dichanthelium oligosanthes ssp.
scribnerianum
Diphasiastrum x sabinifolium Diphasiastrum sabinifolium
Diplazium pycnocarpon Homalosorus pycnocarpos
Draba breweri var. cana Draba cana
Elatine triandra var. americana Elatine americana
Eleocharis pauciflora Eleocharis quinqueflora
Empetrum eamesii ssp. atropurpureum Empetrum atropurpureum
Eupatorium fistulosum Eutrochium fistulosum
Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum Eutrochium purpureum var.
purpureum
Festuca octoflora var. tenella Vulpia octoflora var. tenella
Gnaphalium macounii Pseudognaphalium macounii
Gnaphalium sylvaticum Omalotheca sylvatica
Helianthemum bicknellii Crocanthemum bicknellii
Helianthemum canadense Crocanthemum canadense
Hierochloe alpina ssp. orthantha Anthoxanthum monticola ssp.
monticola
Hudsonia ericoides ssp. tomentosa Hudsonia tomentosa
Huperzia appalachiana Huperzia appressa
Hypericum pyramidatum Hypericum ascyron
Isanthus brachiatus Trichostema brachiatum
Isoetes macrospora Isoetes lacustris
Juncus alpinus Juncus alpinoarticulatus
Lathyrus maritimus Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus
Lechea villosa Lechea mucronata
Listera auriculata Neottia auriculata
Listera australis Neottia bifolia
Listera convallarioides Neottia convallarioides
Listera cordata Neottia cordata
Lycopodium annotinum var. pungens Spinulum canadense
Lycopodium appressum Lycopodiella appressa
Lycopodium complanatum Diphasiastrum complanatum
Lycopodium sabinifolium Diphasiastrum sabinifolium
Lysimachia lanceolata ssp. hybrida Lysimachia hybrida
Malaxis brachypoda Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda
CURRENT NAMESYNONYM
Synonymy Index continued
SYNONYMCURRENT NAME
Lycopodium annotinum var. pungens Spinulum canadense
Lycopodium appressum Lycopodiella appressa
Lycopodium complanatum Diphasiastrum complanatum
Lycopodium sabinifolium Diphasiastrum sabinifolium
Lysimachia lanceolata ssp. hybrida Lysimachia hybrida
Malaxis brachypoda Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda
Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda
Mimulus moschatus Erythranthe moschata
Mononeuria groenlandica Minuartia groenlandica
Neobeckia aquatica Rorippa aquatica
Oligoneuron album Solidago ptarmicoides
Oreojuncus trifidus Juncus trifidus
Oryzopsis pungens Piptatheropsis pungens
Osmorhiza chilensis Osmorhiza berteroi
Panicum columbianum Dichanthelium columbianum
Panicum dichotomum var.
dichotomum
Dichanthelium dichotomum var.
dichotomum
Panicum philadelphicum var.
philadelphicum
Panicum philadelphicum ssp.
philadelphicum
Panicum philadelphicum var.
tuckermanii
Panicum tuckermanii
Panicum sphaerocarpon Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon
Panicum xanthophysum Dichanthelium xanthophysum
Paspalum ciliatifolium Paspalum setaceum var. muhlenbergii
Phragmites australis ssp. americanus Phragmites americanus
Physalis grandiflora Leucophysalis grandiflora
Piptatherum pungens Piptatheropsis pungens
Platanthera hyperborea var. huronensis Platanthera huronensis
Poa fernaldiana Poa laxa ssp. fernaldiana
Poa languida Poa saltuensis ssp. languida
Polygala ambigua Polygala verticillata var. ambigua
Polygala verticillata Polygala verticillata var. verticillata
Polygonum careyi Persicaria careyi
Polygonum hydropiperoides Persicaria hydropiperoides
Polygonum viviparum Bistorta vivipara
Potamogeton filiformis Stuckenia filiformis
Potamogeton ogdenii Potamogeton x ogdenii
Potentilla arguta Drymocallis arguta
Potentilla pensylvanica var. pectinata Potentilla litoralis
Prenanthes boottii Nabalus boottii
Prenanthes trifoliolata Nabalus trifoliolatus
Prunus pumila var. cuneata Prunus susquehanae
Prunus pumila var. susquehanae Prunus susquehanae
Pyrola virens Pyrola chlorantha
Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus Ranunculus hispidus
Rhododendron nudiflorum Rhododendron periclymenoides
Sabulina rubella Minuartia rubella
Samolus parviflorus Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus
Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaea Saxifraga paniculata
Sceptridium multifidum Botrychium multifidum
Sceptridium oneidense Botrychium oneidense
Sceptridium rugulosum Botrychium rugulosum
Schoenoplectus purshianus var.
purshianus
Schoenoplectiella purshiana var.
purshiana
Schoenoplectus smithii var. setosus Schoenoplectiella smithii var. setosa
Schoenoplectus smithii var. smithii Schoenoplectiella smithii var. smithii
Scirpus cespitosus Trichophorum cespitosum
Scirpus heterochaetus Schoenoplectus heterochaetus
Scirpus purshianus var. purshianus Schoenoplectiella purshiana var.
purshiana
Scirpus smithii var smithii Schoenoplectiella smithii var. smithii
Scirpus smithii var. setosus Schoenoplectiella smithii var. setosa
Scirpus subterminalis Schoenoplectus subterminalis
Scirpus torreyi Schoenoplectus torreyi
Scirpus verecundus Trichophorum planifolium
Sedum rosea Rhodiola rosea
Solidago cutleri Solidago leiocarpa
Solidago simplex ssp. randii var.
monticola
Solidago randii
Solidago simplex ssp. randii var.
racemosa
Solidago racemosa
Sorengia longifolia ssp. rigidula Coleataenia rigidula ssp. rigidula
Sparganium minimum Sparganium natans
Specularia perfoliata Triodanis perfoliata
Sporobolus asper Sporobolus compositus var.
compositus
Stachys tenuifolia var. hispida Stachys hispida
Subularia aquatica ssp. americana Subularia aquatica var. americana
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp.
lanceolatum var. interior
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var.
interior
Thelypteris hexagonoptera Phegopteris hexagonoptera
Thelypteris simulata Parathelypteris simulata
Tillaea aquatica Crassula aquatica
Tofieldia glutinosa Triantha glutinosa
Trichomanes intricatum Crepidomanes intricatum
Triphora trianthophora var.
trianthophora
Triphora trianthophora ssp.
trianthophora
Triphora trianthophoros var.
trianthophoros
Triphora trianthophora ssp.
trianthophora
Trisetum melicoides Graphephorum melicoides
Utricularia inflata var. minor Utricularia radiata
Vaccinium cespitosum Vaccinium caespitosum
Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa
Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus Anticlea glauca
Explanation of Legal Status and Information Ranks
State Rank and Global Rank - Value that best characterizes the relative rarity (abundance) or endangerment of a native taxon within
Vermont's geographic boundary or throughout its range, respectively. Ranks are as follows:
1 - Very rare (Critically imperiled): At very high risk of extinction or extirpation due to extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer populations or
occurrences), very steep declines, or other factors
2 - Rare (Imperiled): At high risk of extinction or extirpation due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep
declines, or other factors
3 - Uncommon (Vulnerable): Moderate risk of extinction/extirpation due to restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences
(often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors
4 - General, regular, and apparently secure: May be locally uncommon or widely scattered but not uncommon on a statewide basis
5 - Common (Secure): widespread and abundant
H - Possibly extinct/extirpated: Missing; only historical occurrences but potential for rediscovery
X - Presumed extinct/extirpated: Not located despite intensive searches and little likelihood of rediscovery
U - Unrankable: Currently unrankable due to lack of information or substantially conflicting information about status or trends
NR - Not ranked: Not yet assessed
NA - Not applicable. Element is not a suitable target for conservation for one of the following reasons: Hybrid, Exotic Origin,
Accidental/Nonregular, Not Confidently Present, No Definable Occurrences
Uncertainty may be indicated, either in the form of a range rank (e.g. S1S3) or a ? qualifier following a numeric rank. For global ranks only,
a T-rank indicates an infraspecies, and a Q qualifier following the rank indicates uncertain taxonomy.
State Status - Legal protection under Vermont Endangered Species Law (10 V.S.A. Chap. 123)
E = Endangered: in immediate danger of becoming extirpated in the state
T = Threatened: with high possibility of becoming endangered in the near future
PDL = Proposed for Delisting
PE = Proposed for Endangered Status (not legally protected by 10 V.S.A. Chap. 123)
PT = Proposed for Threatened Status (not legally protected by 10 V.S.A. Chap. 123)
RE = Recommended (by the Endangered Species Committee) for Endangered Status (not legally protected)
RT = Recommended (by the Endangered Species Committee) for Threatened Status (not legally protected)
RDL = Recommended (by the Endangered Species Committee) for Delisting
Federal Status - Legal protection under the federal Endangered Species Act, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
LE = Listed Endangered
LT = Listed Threatened
PDL = Proposed for Delisting
C = Candidate for Listing (not legally protected under ESA)
SC = Species of Concern (not legally protected under ESA)
FC Status - Flora Conservanda status (2012), New England Plant Conservation Program. Not a legal designation.
See http://www.newfs.org/conserve/saving-imperiled-plants/flora-conservanda for more information.
Div. 1 - Globally and Regionally Rare Taxa in New England
Div. 2 - Regionally Rare Taxa in New England - typically fewer than 20 populations.
Div. 2a - Regionally Rare Taxa in New England - slightly more than 20 occurrences, but is vulnerable to extirpation
Div. 3a - Declining in a substantial portion of their range in New England
Div. 3b - Disjunct and rare in a portion of New England.
Div. 4 - Historic or extirpated species in New England
Div. IND - Indeterminate Taxa - under review for inclusion, but taxonomy, nomenclature, or status in the wild is not clearly understood.
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VERMONT RARE PLANT FORM Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory
Latin Name: EO# (if known): New: Update:
Surveyor(s):
Mailing address (phone, email):
Survey Date(s): Report Date:
Survey Site: Town(s):
Directions to location(s) of plants:
Are plants in same location(s) as previously observed?
LANDOWNER(S) / CONTACT(S) (Name, Telephone, Address, Email—if not in a Site Summary Form) Permission?
BIOLOGY Approximate # Population Area(s) Phenology (% or #)
ramets (e.g. 30x10ft; 1m2; 0.5 acre, 1ha) in leaf
(Stems originating separately from ground) in bud
in flower
genets immature fruit (Presumed genetic individuals, e.g. clumps, patches, stems) mature fruit
dormant
Verbal synopsis of above biological data and evidence of reproduction (if not found, discuss search effort):
SURVEY SITE & HABITAT INFORMATION (if not provided in a Site Summary Form or previous form)
Survey site description:
Substrate: Topographic position:
Aspect: Slope: Elevation (in feet): minimum maximum
Light: Moisture:
Associated plant species observed (immediate vicinity):
rev. Nov.2017 2011
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IDENTIFICATION Characteristics used for plant ID. Photos taken:
Specimen collected? Collection #: Collector (s): Repository: (A permit is required to collect Threatened & Endangered species)
CONSERVATION SUMMARY Is the habitat likely to persist?
Explain any threats:
Conservation, management, and inventory needs:
Full extent of population known? Amount or percent of habitat searched:
Comments that do not fit in another field:
MAPPING (required if not provided in a Site Summary) Attach a copy of Map or Aerial Image showing the rare plant location(s): (Keep in mind that if an area occupied is longer or wider than 12.5 meters, we prefer to map a polygon or line)
AND/OR: Attach shapefile (must be NAD83 State Plane) ; GPS point printout ; or write out GPS coordinates below:
GPS Points: Datum (required; NAD83 preferred):
Accuracy (if known): +/- meters /feet
Optional: Sketches with rare plant location(s), direction & scale: 1) Cross-section of local topography; 2) Diagram of site with survey route
Please send completed forms to Bob Popp: Bob.Popp [at] vermont.gov / Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department, 5 Perry St., Suite 40, Barre, VT 05641 / (802)-476-0127