rapsodee group 2012

Contact details:Collaborations:

Centre RAPSODEE CNRS UMR 5302Research in Albi on

Particulate SOliDs, Energy and the Environment

http://rapsodee.mines-albi.fr


RAPSODEE AT A GLANCE

STAFF: 92Permanent staff: 5332 Faculties, 19 Engineers and Technicians, 4 Secretaries

PhD students: 3560% funded with own resources and grants30% co-advised with universities abroad

Post-docs: 4

AVERAGE PUBLICATION RATE (2006-2010): 2.5(* full time faculty rate)

Evaluation grade by AERES*: A (2009)

*Agency for the Evaluation of Research and Higher Education


RAPSODEE AT A GLANCE

• Typical materials investigated:– Powders , Granular materials– Biomass (2nd and 3rd generation), Waste Materials

• Design and development of sustainable and innovativeprocesses aiming at the Characterisation, Generation,Transport, Formulation, Mixing and Shaping ofParticulate Solids

Particulate Solids Engineering Research Group

• Production of Energy Carrier and Added Value Materialsfrom Biomass and Waste using high Energy Efficiency andEnvironmentally friendly processes

Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Group

Two Research Groups working on “Process and Product Engineering” involving Divided Solids


Particulate Solids Engineering Research Group(18 permanent faculties, 5 research programmes)

• Control of solids properties, control and understandingof surface properties

• Modelling– Mechanism of generation, shaping and handling of particles– Macroscopic properties of particles (in fixed bed and in motion) for shaping

and handling

• Investigation of local scale and resulting macroscopicbehavior

• Development of dedicated characterisation methods

• Design and instrumentation of processes

Challenges and stakes:


Crystallisation at atmosphericand moderate pressure

• Development of crystallisation processes by cooling, anti-solvent, and chemical reaction:

– Ultrasound– Supercritical CO2

– Microfluidic devices– Ionic liquids (organic or inorganic salts, liquid at room temperature)

• Modelling of mechanisms and simulation– Nucleation, growth, agglomeration

• Properties measurements– Equilibrium (Liquid/Solid, SC/L) below 30 MPa– Physical properties under pressure (density, viscosity,diffusion coefficient): lipids/SC CO2, DMSO/SC CO2 mixtures

• Acoustic Cavitation

[email protected]

F. Baillon, R. Calvet, F. Espitalier, J. Fages, J.J. Letourneau, O. Louisnard, M. I. Ré, E. Rodier, M.SauceauM. G. Cares-Pacheco, S. De Paiva Lacerda, M. Dietemann, N. Macedo Portela, W. Montes Quiroz, A.Rachah, J. Resende

National: LAGEP, IMT, Imerys, Mines St Etienne et Paris-TechInternational: Chile, Singapore, Brasil, Spain

microfluidic device

supercritical CO2 pilot

sonocrystalliser

A prediction ofthe

bubble/acousticfields below a 20kHz transducer

nanoparticles


Divided solid design using supercritical CO2

Development of green processes

•Coating

•Polymer foaming– Control of porous structure

– Dispersion of a filler (clay) in a polymer foam

– Stabilization of the amorphous form of a drug

•Polymer particle generation– Enhancing mixing of melted polymer / CO2

– Designing continuous spaying device

•Polymer grafting with chemicals– Environmental applications

•Characterization techniques for melted polymer / CO2 mixture

(10 < P < 300 bars)– On-line rheology measurement

– CO2 solubility measurement and modelling

– Swelling measurement and modelling

– CO2 diffusion coefficient determination

Single-screw extruder with SC-CO2 injection

Uniform coating of fineparticles(<50µm) with lipids

Foamed Eudragit E100

Swelling forPEG400/CO2At 100°C and

100bars

J. Fages, J.J. Letourneau, E. Rodier, M. SauceauA. Common, N. Hijazi

National: Mines Alès, LMPB-UCLB LyonInternational: ICES Singapore, Budapest Hungary, New York USA

[email protected]

Swellingvisualization


Powders mixingH. Berthiaux, J. L. Dirion, C. GatumelC. Mayer, X. Zhao

[email protected]: LGCInternational: Tunisia, Russia

Process dynamics modelling and controlOn-line assessment of homogeneity

Scale-up of powder mixersMulti-scale modelling (DEM-Markov chain)

Tools

New mixtures, new mixers

Continuous mixing process

Segregability / homogeneity

Challenges

0

5 0

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M1

(g)

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t (k

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40Hz

Impact of a step variation in rotational speed on hold-up and outflowrate in a continuous powder mixer (symbol – exp data ; lines – Markov chain model)


• Die Compaction / Dry granulation by roller compaction

– Relations between powder propertiesand process parameters (die and roll compaction)– Improvement of powder properties using dry granulation– Compaction process modeling with FEM modeling– Micromechanical characterization and modelling of granules and assemblies

• Wet Granulation / Foam Granulation- Nature and mechanisms of agglomeration and growth- Local approach (grain/liquid; grain/foam interface)- Flow of Cohesive powder- Size enlargement process; granules properties- Effect of forces: capillary, viscous, frictional,…

• Granular flows / Fluidisation– Experiments/Analytic solutions /DEM simulations– Rheology of granular material– Improvement of knowledge and modellingof behaviour of fines particles in fluidized bed(experiments/simulation)

Powders mechanic and structural properties

Modeling

Prediction of density distribution in rolling direction

3D FEM modeling of roll process(meshing of axi-symmetric part)

DEM and experimental observations

A. De Ryck, O. Louisnard, A. Michrafy, D. OulahnaA. Cardoso, E. Diounou, G. Lefebvre

National: Marne La Vallée, IMFT, LGC, Châtenay-MalabryInternational: Birmingham (UK), Scheffield (UK), Sydney (Australia) [email protected]

Mixing of wet granular mediumDiosna Diosna mixer (2L; 6L)mixer (2L; 6L)

Dry granule tensile strength

Effect of Physico-Chemical and Granular Properties

Rheology and Growth Kinetics

Liquid-solid surface tension and liquid viscosity

Wettability and dissolution

Binder Nature and alimentation

Control process and Scale-up


Transformation of powdersusing mechanical actions

M. Baron, R. Calvet, A. Chamayou, L. Galet, O. LecoqT. Benkacem, L. Carlier, C. Gendre, I. Murieta Pazos, A. Sato

Vibratory ball mill “Pulverisette 0”

Sweco vibrating mill

National: SPIN (SE), SupAGRO Montpellier, ENSAIA Nancy, Univ.Pharm. Châtenay-MalabryInternational: European PowTech ITN Network, Japan, Algeria [email protected]

•Grinding and co-grinding– Chemical synthesis by mechanical action

(formation of heterocycles)– Micronization– Cyclodextrine encapsulation

•Dry coating process- Composite powder generation- Surface properties modification- DEM modelling

•Solid Characterisation– Wetting, surface energy, CGI– Particle/Particle interactions

(AFM, laser granulometry…)– Impact test– Dispersion kinetics:

influence of the solid-liquid properties (adhesion, contact angle…)

Cyclomix


Cross cutting activity:Characterisation of solids by Inverse Gas Chromatography

• Solid surface characterisation at molecular scale (water, organicmolecules)

Gives access to different surface parameters– At infinite dilution: calculation of surface energy,nanomorphological indexes (measurement of the surfaceroughness), glass transition temperature…– At finite concentration: access to desorption isotherm,specific surface area, BET constant, and to distribution functionof adsorption sites for different organic probes.

• Two research programs involved:– Crystallisation at atmospheric and moderate pressure– Transformation of powders using mechanical actions

Investigation of process parameters on solid surface properties– Crystallisation/precipitation M. Dietemann, M. G. Cares– Milling M. G. Cares– Coating I. Murieta Pazos, T. Benkacem

R. Calvet

[email protected]: H. Balard, ENSISA, Mulhouse et CEA MarcouleInternational: USTHB Algeria


Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Group

(14 permanent faculties, 6 research programmes)

• Characterisation of local - scale physico-chemicalinteractions

• Investigation of the local scale and resultingmacroscopic behaviour

• Behaviour of organic and mineral pollutants

• Modelling of multi-phases and multi-scaletransformations

• Coupling of complex multi-physical models withinverse methods

Challenges and stakes:


Dewatering and Drying of Wet Biomass

• Thermally assisted Mechanical Fractionation– Process design– Process optimisation to maximize the added value of the fiber-free extract and the fiber-rich solid fraction– Energy integration (Pinch Analysis)

• Sludge Mechanical Dewatering and Thermal Drying–– Bottom Bottom down down approach approach for for the the design of design of specific dryersspecific dryers (contact (contact dryerdryer, , superheated steam dryersuperheated steam dryer))–– Characterization Characterization of of sludge sludge thermo-thermo-physical propertiesphysical properties and stickiness and stickiness–– Process modellingProcess modelling–– Emissions Emissions characterization and characterization and life cycle life cycle assessmentassessment of of drying facilitiesdrying facilities

[email protected]

P. Arlabosse, J-L. Dirion, T. Nganya, M. SauceauM. Blanc, C. Charlou, N. Reuge

LISBP, LCA, INRA Transfert, Université Ivanovo, Cemagref,UMR EGC (INRA-AgroParisTech), UMR IEM


Thermochemical conversion of Biomass and Residues

• Thermal treatments under inert atmosphere– Pyrolysis of wood, treated wood, tyres– Torrefaction

• Steam gasification and other oxidants– Gasification of particles, wood chips and pellets under H2O, CO2 and O2 atmospheres– Low temperature steam pyrolysis– Gasification of solid wastes (construction and demolition)

• Pollutant treatment– Heavy metals, Persistant Organic Pollutants (POPs), Halogens

• Propagation of smoldering fronts in porous media–– Experiments in a combustion cellExperiments in a combustion cell

–– Numerical modellingNumerical modelling

[email protected]

P. Arlabosse, J-L Dirion, J. Escudero, A. Nzihou, S. Salvador, Y. SoudaisS. Ballin, B. Colin, C. Guizani, M. Kemiha, M. Sennoune

CIRAD Montpellier, CEA Grenoble, Columbia Univ. (USA) PROMES CNRS

Entrained flow reactor forhigh temperature

Longitudinal cut of thesmoldering front


• Pyrolysis and Gasification of Solid Residues (organic and inorganic)

– Carbonaceous residues (biomass and waste biomass)– Composite, tire waste and Elastomer– Inorganic residues (CaCO3, etc…)

• Sol-Gel Processes (low temperature)- Inorganic residues (CaCO3, gypsum sludge)

• Functionalized Materials– Catalysts (char and ash, activated char and ash)– Fibers (carbon fibers)– Fillers (reinforced carbon fibers)– Sorbants (hydroxyapatite)– Sensors/detectors for pollutants (activated hydroxyapatite)– Fuels

[email protected] Albi, Columbia Univ. (USA), Princeton Univ. (USA)

Functionalized Media from Solid ResiduesR. Barna, J. Escudero, A. Nzihou, D. Pham Minh, Y. Soudais, E. WeissA. Bounaceur, M. Boulanghien, Y. Daniels, M. Dia, N. Klinghoffer, N. Lyczko, P.M. Nigay, D. Pham Minh, M.Raii, J. Ramaroson, H. Sebei, S.Y. Ye

400°C

Cr

As

400°C

CCA wood waste

Composites before treatment

Fibers after treatment


• Processes : multiscale batch and continuous reactors(under implementation)– Gasification– Solvolyse (water, methanol, ethanol, …)– Liquefaction

• Recovery of added value compounds– Hydrogen– Monomers, platform molecules– Carbon nanoparticles

• Raw material– bio glycerol– sweet juices– wood– residues from paper industry– thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers

[email protected]

E Weiss-Hortala, R. BarnaH. Boucard, Q. Wu

LaTEP Pau, ICMCB CNRS Bordeaux, Karlsruhe Institut furTechnologie (D), Université Tohoku (Lab . Supercritical Fl., Jap),

Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomassand Residues


Radiative Heat Transfer – Solar Concentration

• Modeling of radiative heat transfer– Radiative properties of molecular species (from high resolution to low)– Radiative transfer using Monte Carlo methods (Integral formulation,

sensitivities, computer graphics tools in EDSTAR EDSTAR environment environment )– Coupling radiation and combustion using Discrete Ordinates Methods

• Solar concentration

–– Central Central receiver receiver power plants, power plants, Linear Linear Fresnel Fresnel collectorscollectors–– Inverse Design Inverse Design and optimization and optimization of of concentrators concentrators in in EDSTAREDSTAR–– Coupling Coupling radiation radiation with other heat transfer with other heat transfer modes (in modes (in receiversreceivers))

[email protected]

J-J. Bezian, M. ElHafi, O. Fudym, B. LadevieG. Baud, J. Dauchet, V. Eymet, O. Farges, M. Galtier, A. Jourdan, F.Veynandt,

LAPLACE (Toulouse), PROMES, LGCB (Clermont-Ferrant), CERFACS, IMT (Toulouse)

Cold Gases

Hot Gases

Wall Soot

ThermalFluxes Ignition -

Extinction

Final temperature and emissions

Solar receiver

Linear Fresnel collector


Inverse Methods and Energy Efficiency

• Infrared image processing– Infrared particle tracking– Thermal properties mapping for composite materials– Microfluidics thermal analysis

• Optimization and statistical inference–– Efficient Global Efficient Global OptimizationOptimization–– Kalman and particle filtersKalman and particle filters–– Data assimilation for combustionData assimilation for combustion

• Green Building Thermal Design–– Eco Eco materials and materials and new new systemssystems–– Thermal Thermal efficiency analysis and efficiency analysis and optimal designoptimal design

[email protected]

J-J. Bezian, M. ElHafi, O. Fudym, B. LadevieW. Betencurte Da Silva, M. Falcon, E. Gengembre, H. Massard, G. Terrée, S. Thiers

TBC Toulouse, TREFLE Bordeaux, UFRJ Brésil


Laboratory of Excellence:LabEx SOLSTICE

[email protected], Univeristé de Perpignan, Université de Montpellier

• Our laboratory as been granted a Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx – inScience for Energy Conversion) by the Ministry of Higher Educationand of Research of France.

• The activities are coordinated by CNRS in partnership with Ecole desMines Albi, Montpellier and Perpignan Univ. This designation is givenfor ten (10) years to only few top laboratories in France.

• The missions:– to increase scientific excellence and originality, to transfer

knowledge and to increase the international impact of Frenchresearch

– to guarantee teaching excellence and have a prominent role in thedevelopment of master and doctorate degrees.

Funding: 5 M€ up to 2019


LabEx SOLSTICE:Research fields

[email protected] Toulouse, TREFLE Bordeaux, UFRJ Brésil

rapsodee group 2012

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