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CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER IN ROMANIA
SCFCAH - ANIMAL HEALTH AND WELFAREBrussels, 3-4th of February 2009
Summary
Historical dataCSF Romanian Programme in 2008CSF Romanian Programme in 2009
Historical dataData about outbreaks
2005 - 1504 outbreaks of classical swine fever 2006 - 803 outbreaks of classical swine fever 2007 - 168 outbreaks of classical swine fever 2008 – none
The last outbreak in backyards was declared on 04 May 2007The last outbreak in commercial holdings (Igriş I Farm – Smithfield) was declared on 22 August 2007. The last outbreak in free ranged domestic pigs was declared on 09 October 2007 in Insula Mică a
Brăilei Natural Reservation.
Number of CSF outbreaks in domestic pigs 2001-2008
1 45155 180
1508
803
168
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
number of outbreaks
Overview of the CSF situation in Romania during 2001- 2008
2007*,1 2008*
Non- Commercial
prof. farms
CSF outbreaks indomestic pigs
1 45 155 180 1508 803 165 3 0
Dead pigs due toCSF
13 452 1021 634 2982 1903 507 11.030 0
Destroyed pigs due to CSF
0 985 3592 1624 8045 5898 4.002 42.659 0
Total number of affected pigs
13 1437 4613 2258 11027 7801 4.509 53.689 0
Affected villages 1 45 155 161 482 393 95 2 0
Affected counties
1 17 16 26 33 35 19 1 0
CSF cases in wild boar
5 2 6 4 43 18 25 0 0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Emergency vaccination in 2007
Domestic pigs vaccination in non professional holdings
Used vaccines:Vaccines from the Commission vaccine bank :
- 1.009.750 doses Riemser- 1.000.000 doses Merial
Vaccines purchased by Romania:- 9.896.473 doses Romania
Emergency vaccination in 2007
Domestic pigs vaccination in professional holdings
Vaccines used:Vaccine from the Commission vaccine bank :
- 7.050.000 marker doses
CSF – RO Programme in 2008Commission Decision 2007/870/EC amended by Decision
2008/682/ECIn addition to 2007, Romania forwarded during 2008 some additional clarifications:- a new NDCC and LDCC law- establishing the rearing systems for pigs and adopting the biosecurity measures; - establishing a network of specialists with exclusive competences in the control of CSF, comprised of: 42 specialists at county level, 8 at regional level and 1 at central level, with the role of supervising the implementation of the CSF eradication programme; - establishing Detailed Vaccine Control Procedures that can be applied fron transport, storing, distribution including trading.
Data regarding the vaccine used for implementing the program during 2008
Information on vaccination programmeRomania Coun-ties
Total number of animals
Number of herds(c) in vaccination programme
Number of vaccinated herds(c)
Number of vaccinated animals
Number of doses of vaccine admin
Number of vaccinated adults)
Number of young(d)
animals vaccinated
2007 42 5,400,000 1,400,195 1,400,195 11.284.116 11.999.742 1954436 7995236
2008 42 6,000,000 1,519,876 1,519,876 7,231,002 7,622,831 287793 6,943,209
Emergency vaccination in 2008
Domestic pigs vaccination in non professional holdings
Vaccine used:Vaccines purchased by Romania in 2008:
- 5.100.000 doses RomaniaVaccine supply in 2007:
- 2.700.000 doses RomaniaNumber of vaccinated pigs:
- 7.231.002 pigsStock Vaccine for 2009
- 1.700.000 doses
Serological surveillance in backyards 2007-200828 days after vaccination, 15 samples were taken for each village in order to
establish post vaccination protection of pig population.
Serological surveillance of back yards in 2007(1) and 2008(2)
88608
85195
8263482207
78000
80000
82000
84000
86000
88000
90000
1 2
number of tested samples
nomber of positivesamples
Immunity in backyardsThe average of positive results after vaccination were 96%
- that means a good immunity.
Level of immunity after vaccination in non comercial exploatation in 2008 (April to December)
95
95.5
96
96.5
97
97.5
98
98.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Level of immunity aftervaccination in backyard
The surveillance in Romanian non-professional holdings 2008
ELISA detection of post vaccine antibody
+ - Doubt
85195 82207 2482 504
VIRUSOLOGICAL EXAM
FAT IPO RT-PCR Virus isolation
Samples + _ + _ + -
180 0147740
Samples Samples
1814774
Emergency vaccination in 2008
Domestic pigs vaccination in professional holdingsContinued until April 2008 – marker vaccine (European vaccine bank 2007)
Surveillance in commercial farms2008
Surveillance in commercial holdings- In case of positive result in ELISA marker were performed
supplementary laboratory tests as RT-PCR and an epidemiological enquiry to rule out CSF. Most of the positive samples were taken from
sows vaccinated with live vaccine. - All the viral test were negative.Surveillance of comercial farms in 2008 by:ELISA
(1), RT-PCR(2) and FAT(3)
20722
11832
1560136 0 0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1 2 3
number of tested samplesnumber of positive results
Serology and RT-PCR on different age class in commercial holdings
Serological and RT-PCR sampels on different age class: sows(1), boar(2), fattening pigs(3), weaning
pigs(4), off-spring(5)
3927
1419
76517302
423
3554
1676
745 706
5071
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1 2 3 4 5
ELISA tests
RT-PCR on blood sampels
Emergency vaccination in 2008
Wild boar vaccinationVaccine baits used
- 91.111 baitsHunting Founds- 929
Feeding grounds- 2.365
Estimated vaccinated population- 42.188 boars
The control for establishing the effectiveness of wild boars vaccination is still ongoing.
Surveillance during 2007-2008 wild boars hunting campaign
WILD BOARS YOUNGER THAN 1 YEAR
WILD BOARS 1 – 2 YEARS OLD WILD BOARS OF MORE THAN 2 YEARS
Serological exam
Virusological exam RT-PCR+ FAT
Serological exam
Virusolgicalexam RT-PCR +FAT
Virusologicalexam RT-PCR +FAT
No. sam
ples
+ _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _
0 4809
4127
177
2805
02489
322852
02499
28
No.
samples
No.
samples
No
samples
No.
samples
No.
samples
4809
2805
2852
Serological exam
2527
2522
4304
Viral surveillance of wild boar 2007-2008The graphic show that in 2008 the number of viral exams increased
(12.7%) comparing with 2007.
8978
25
10285
0
8200
8400
8600
8800
9000
9200
9400
9600
9800
10000
10200
10400
1 2
Viral surveillance of wild boar in 2007(1) and 2008(2)
number of positivesamplesnumber of tested samples
Serological surveillance of wild boars 2007-2008
The graphic shows that in 2008 the number of serological exams increased comparing with 2007 and the number of positive results decreased.
Serological surveillance of wild boar in 2007(1) and 2008(2)
7468
9353
373 2370
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2
no. of tested samplesno.of positive samples
Serological surveillance in 2008 on different ages class
The 27 serological positive samples from wild boar of 1 year age class were taken in first quarter of 2008. This means that the latest infection was at the end of 2007. One of positive samples from wild boar of 1 year age has origin in a hunting found where was performed vaccination.
- No positive results at this age class were detected in recent hunting season. - We think that positive samples from this age class have epidemiological importance.
Serological surveillance of w ild boar - different age class in 2008 (1= 1year class;2= 1-2 years
class;3=more than 2 year age class)
2527 2522
4304
28 32 1770
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
1 2 3
no. of testedsamples
no. of positivesamples
Prevalence and incidence of CSF in wild boar population 2007-2008
In 2008 the prevalence of CSF in wild boar population is lower than in 2007.In 2008 the incidence of CSF in wild boar population is zero – absence of viral positive results.
4.9
0.27
2.5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 2
The prevalance and incidence of CSF in wild boar in 2007(1) and 2008(2)
Incidence of CSF in wildboar populationPrevalance of CSF in wildboar population
Genotyping of Romanian isolates 2005-2007
For genotyping the Romanian isolates, both the 5’ non translated region (5’-NTR) and the E2 glycoprotein gene were sequenced at CRL - Hannover, Friedrich-Loeffler Institutes and IDAH.The Romanian isolates form a highly homologus clusterwithin subgroup 2.3.This cluster comprise isolates from different European countries like former Yugoslavia, Swityerland, Spain and other Eastern European countries.In the 5’-NTR fragment, sequence identities between theRomanian isolates were 98.6 and 100%.
Following the programme performed from December 2006 – December 2008, the following results can be noticed:
As a conclusion, the 2008 programme led to the following results:
a) The significant reduction of the virus circulation and of the clinical signs;
b) Significant, diminishing of the number of outbreaks;c) Reducing viral pressure on domestic and wild pigs; d) In Romania there were no cases of classical swine
fever notified. In the wild boar population the epidemiological
situation was improved without vaccination.
CSF – RO Programme in 2009
For 2009, the programme is approved, by Commission Decision no. 897/2008 and regarding emergency vaccination the following is mentioned:Stopping domestic pig vaccination in commercial holdings;Continuation of vaccination in non professional holdings – whole territory;wild boar vaccination – whole territory .
The programme is approved until 31 decembrie 2009.
The Romanian export of pig meat and pig meat products is the final goal of Romania and for this purpose NSVSA was requested come up with a regionalization plan in order for Romania to comply with Annex III of Commission Decision 2008/855/CE, offering the possibility, in certain conditions, to export meat and meat products in “lohn”system.
ANSVSA reviewed the procedures for a possible approval of intracommunity trade with meat products and carried out the evaluation of the establishments that requested to be put on the list.Following these evaluations only 3 establishments comply with the approval requirements. NSVFSA informed the Commission in order for the 3 establishments to be approved for “lohn” intracommunity trade.
Conclusions1. The measures taken until now through vaccination in
domestic pigs were compliant. 2. The programme approved for 2009 by Commision
Decision 897/2008 is in compliance with the current situation of classical swine fever in Romania.
3. The strategy to stop vaccination of domestic pigs and a possible regionalization, represent the necessary measures to implement the European legislation in this field, that need to be evaluated by all stakeholders involved, in order to comply with all EU specific requirements.
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