rapid-viz_15-53

RAPI D VIZ,TH I RD EDITIONA NEW METHOD FOR THE

RAPID VISUAI-]|ZAT ION OF IDEAS

Kurt Hanks I Larry Belliston

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Rapid Viz, Third EditionA New Method for theRapid Visualization of ldeas

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lntroductionRapid Viz-Not

Chapter 1

Perspective . . .

Chapter 2Rapid lndication

Chapter 3The Visualizatior

Chapter 4Graphic Expressi,

EnaPTER 1' own squiggles anddescribe what they:mber, there is no sin-,wer to this intuitive

PeRsPEcrrvE

ne ofthe greatest challenges

for people to learn is todraw in correct perspective.

Teachers have struggled for years tofind methods to teach students todraw correct perspective rapidly andeasily. I have found a method thatworks well and is easy to learn. It willwork every time. Even if you have noartistic training, this method willenable you to create drawings withaccurate perspective.

The Box MethodThe box method involves a box orcube. If you can draw a two-dimen-sional square correctl¡ you then can

easily draw a box. If you can draw a

box in accurate perspective, you can

draw an¡hing accurately and in per-spectlve.

It sounds simple, doesn't it? It is sim-ple. It will take some practice. It willtake time to understand what is hap-pening.You will have to practice those

things mentioned in this book. But, ifyou do practice the method, you willfind it is really quite easy.

15

16 Rapid Viz ¡ Third Edition

On the following page is a box that

you must cut out. Do not be afraid-this book is meant to be used! Cut outthat page and cut the figure to assem-

ble the box as shown. You will need to

tape or paste the edges together tohold the final box form in place. You

will use this box to look at and draw

in the upcoming exercises throughoutthis chapter.

Once you have assembled Your box,

you need to find a piece of clear glass

or Plexiglas or vinyl (like a clear

report cover) and a felt tip pen that

you can use to draw on Your clear

piece of material.

This ls ç-hat the æembledbox should look like.

Take your box and set it uP behind

your clear material. Then hold the

clear sheet stationary while you trace

the box on it. Hold everything very

steady. Trace the box exactly as you

see it. Keep your eye in one steadY

position, the box stead¡ and the clear

sheet still. if you don't move anY ofthem, then you can draw the box incorrect perspectlve.

Hint: Don t use both eYes. Shut one

eye. If you use both eyes, you will get

a double image making it difficult todraw.

If you move the box up or down or ifyou move up or down, you will see

different views, or planes, of the toP

and bottom of the box. The view ofthe surface that you see changes as

your eye level changes. This eye level

line is called the horizon line' Thehorizon line is always level and isalways at the level of your eye. Thus,

the view of the top and bottom of the

box changes as you move your eye

level or horizon line.

-r-

An Intelligentlndividuâ] LikeYoureelf

I Horizon Line I EYe Iærelrffi

-ll_/

e box up or down or ifor down, you will see

, or planes, of the topthe box. The view of

Lt you see changes as:hanges. This eye level.he horizon line. The; always level and isvel ofyour eye. Thus,lop and bottom of theyou move your eye

line.

Hoflzoncr Eye I

One-Point PerspectiveOne-point perspective is viewed whenparallel lines appear to converge anddisappear at one point on the horizon.If you hold the box directly in front ofyour eye, you will see one-point per-spective. If you have ever looked downa railroad track while standing in themiddle of the track, you have noticedthat the tracks seem to converge at

one point far in the distance and even-

tually disappear. This is anotherexample of one-point perspective.

There are three different kinds oflines-vertical, horizontal, and per-spective-in perspective drawing.Vertical lines run up and down. Some

are straight and some run angled.Horizontal lines run from side to side

like the horizon. Perspective linesconverge at some point on the hori-zon line. One-point perspectiveincludes all three kinds of lines.

As you draw the box, the surface thatyou draw on (the clear material) is

called a picture plane. The pictureplane is not limited to tracing theimage through clear material; the pic-ture plane could also be the paper youuse as you draw the box.

Hold box faæforuad

Chapterl r Perspective 19

Two-Point PerspectiveTwo-point perspective is viewed when,from a given edge, parallel lines con-verge at two single points on the hori-zon line at opposite sides of yourpâper. This perspective is demonstrat-ed by turning the box you just made

so that you are looking at an edge ofthat box. From that edge the sides ofthe box seem to get smaller as theymove away from the eye. The sides

appear to get smaller until they vanishat two different points on the horizonline.

-t

20 Rapid Viz r Third Edition

In the examples on the previous page

and below, notice how the edges onthe newspaper machine and on thecereal box appear to get smaller as

they move farther away from you.

Extendstowilda singleVæjshingPointon the left

ß---_

,-_-aR

Extendstowdda singleVanishingPointon the right

Three-Point PerspectiveThree-point perspective is viewedwhen lines appear to converge at threegiven points either to the sides of thepicture plane or at the top or bottomofthe page, depending on where youreye level line is.

Look at the corner of the building inthe following image. As the sides ofthe building go away from you, thetwo parallel edges create lines that willdisappear at a point on the horizonline. As you look up at the buildingyou will notice that the vertical linesthat go up appear to get closer and

1,,

closer at the top so that they wouldeventually disappear at a point highabove the building.

The Three Kinds ofPerspective SummarizedOne-Point Perspective:

r Side of boxagainst glass

r 3 kinds oflines-vertical,horizontal, andperspectlve

Two-Point Perspective:

r Edge ofboxagainst glass

r 2 kinds oflines-verticaland perspec-

ttve

Three-Point Perspective:

¡ Corner ofbox against

glass

ø 1 kind ofline-per-spectrve

)p so that they wouldppear at a point highmg.

inds ofSummarizedpective:

K

SS

:ical,

rective:

K

;s

;pective:

Lcal

Key Principles of PerspectiveThe key principles to remember whendrawing boxes in perspective are:

1. Perspective lines converge at avanishing point.

2. The horizon line is alwavs hori-zonfal.

Vanishing Poinrshould be behind the box

VertÍcaILinesshould bevertical

Chapter 1 r Perspective

3. The nearest angle is 90o orgreater.

4. The sides ofa cube are propor-tional to a square.

Some common errors occur whenyou learn to draw cubes. A few towatch for are:

Parallel Linesshould convergeat a common!'anishing point

Nearest Arìgleshot¡ld be 9Oo or greater

Horizon line isal*'ays horizontal

-l

Exercise 1.2

Some of the cuber

incorrectly. Study twhat is wrong.

Use tracing papercubes so you fixwh;The cubes have one

four common errgence, (2) horizonangle, or (4) incorrr

7

f+\: \->[-ì[7

=

To a Tæ litue

;ffirn'"r

T̂æmuch


Exercise 1.1

You need to develop a critical eye so

that you can easily see if a cube is

drawn in correct perspective. Here are

some lines that are three sides of a

square. The fourth side is missing.

You draw in the fourth line so thatthese squares show accurate perspec-

tive. (Hint: Slide a straight edge alonguntil the square appears visually cor-rect to you, and then draw the line.)

:]D=l

stnightEdge

Exercise 1.2

Some of the cubes here are drawnincorrectly. Study them and identifrwhat is wrong.

Use tracing paper to draw over thecubes so you fix what is wrong. (Hint:The cubes have one or more of these

four common errors: (l) conver-gence, (2) horizon line, (3) nearest

angle, or (4) incorrect proportion.)

Chapter 1 r Perspective 23

Thls one hæ all the mtstak6You may wt to dmw the hidden edge linæ of the obe tohe.lp lþu detemlne what is ìmng.

I


The next image depicts many differ-ent cubes within a circle with a hori-zon line. All of the cubes are drawn intwo-point perspective. The cubes

above and below the horizon linebegin to distort because of the per-spective drawing. Whenever you drawthings in perspective, it is helpful toimagine that you are drawing withinthe limits of a circle. If you drawbeyond that imaginary circle, then the

cubes begin to appear so distortedthat they won't seem real.

Drawing One-Point Boxes

You have three kinds of lines in one-point perspective-vertical lines, hor-izontal lines, and perspective lines. Ifyou seem to have trouble drawingthings correctly, draw the box as

though it were transparent so that youcan see the hidden sides, edges, andcorners. Then erase the hidden lines,

once you have everything drawn cor-rectl¡ thus leaving a solid box.

In one-point perspective, the fartheraway from the central vanishingpoint, the closer to the outer edge tothe circle, the more distortion. Thisdistortion that occurs when you nearthe outer limits of the circle is morepronounced with one-point perspec-

tive than with tr¡¡o- and three-pointperspective.

ffi*dBoxes outside of circleapper dlstorted

Drawing Two-Point Boxes

Drawing in two-point perspective is

the easiest of all perspective drawingfor most people. You have only twokinds of lines-perspective lines orvertical lines. If you have troubledrawing things correctl¡ draw thebox as though it were transparent so

that you can see the hidden sides,

edges, and corners. Then erase thehidden lines after you have drawneverything correctly.

Drawing Three-Point Boxes

There is only one kind of line inthree-point perspective-perspectivelines. If you have difficulty drawingthree-point perspective boxes correct-ly, draw the box as though it weretransparent so that you can see thehidden sides, edges, and corners. Afteryou have everything drawn correctl¡erase the hidden lines.

The boxes inside the following circlelook like you are looking down onthem. To reYerse the point of view,simply turn this book upside down.The boxes will then look like you are

beneath them.

Keep all boxæirelde circle

T_

Exercise 1.3

Using the followin¡

r Draw 2 morewithin the cir

r Draw 2 boxes

front of or be

other boxes.

r When finishethere will be iboxes totalinside the circ

Chapter 1 r Perspective 25

Point Boxesroint perspective is>erspective drawingYou have only two,erspective lines oryou have troubleorrectl¡ draw thevere transparent sothe hidden sides,

s. Then erase theyou have drawnly.

r-Point Boxese kind of line in:ctive-perspectivedifiìculty drawing:tive boxes correct-as though it weret you can see the, and corners. Afterg drawn correctl¡tes.

re following circlelooking down onhe point of view,rok upside down.r look like you are

Exercise 1.3

Using the following circle, do the following:

r Draw 2 more boxes anywherewithin the circle.

Draw 2 boxes that sit infront of or behindother boxes.

When finished,there will be 5

boxes totalinside the circle.

i


Exercise 1.4

Study the box in the following circle,and then do the following:

r Finish drawing the other boxthat is started in the lower halfofthe circle.

Draw 3 more boxes any-where within the circle.

Draw 2 boxes that sit infront of or behindother boxes.

When finished, therewill be 7 boxes totalinside the circle.

Here is a hint to use

when drawing objects. Theoutside lines of the objectshould be drawn darkerand heavier. The darker out-side edges make each objectappear to stand by itself eitherin front of or behind anotherobject.

Cuttt¡g edEPllnæ

Withatcutting edgeline

Exercise 1.5

Study the box in thand then do the foll

r Draw 3 more I

within the cir<

r Draw 2 boxes

front of or belboxes.

r When finishecthere will be 6

total inside thr

circle.


Exercise 1.5

Study the box in the following circle,and then do the following:

r Draw 3 more boxes anywherewithin the circle.

r Draw 2 boxes that sit infront of or behind otherboxes.

When finished,there will be 6 boxes

total inside thecircle.


Dividing a SquareAs shown in the following example,diagonal lines drawn from corner tocorner of a square cross in the exact

middle of that square. A line drawnfrom the middle of the square to thevanishing point bisects the edge at

midpoint. If you draw a line from thecorner through the midpoint of theside, this line will cross the bottomline of the square giving you the loca-tion of the far corner of the nextsquare. This principle is used to helpdivide a square into equal segments orto enlarge a square in equal segments.

Below is a square drawn in perspective.You are above the square looking down on it.Using the dlagonal to diUde the square appl¡esin perspective also.

2nd Divislon

The lower half of the next exampledemonstrates a square drawn in per-spective. In this drawing, you are

above the square looking down on it.As you can see in the example, thediagonal method of dividing a square

applies in perspective drawing as well.

Exercise 1.6

In the following exa

onals to cut the s<

directly in half. B,

them in half, and th,into quarters. You rthe hidden edges (si

from you that youcubes in order todivide them.

I Perspective 29

Use diagonâl lin6 to læatethe center of objæts.

rf the next examplequare drawn in per-

drawing, you arelooking down on it.in the example, theof dividing a squaretive drawing as well.

Exercise 1.6

In the following examples, draw diag-

onals to cut the squares and cubes

directly in half. Begin by dividingthem in half, and then divide one side

into quarters. You will need to drawthe hidden edges (sides of cubes away

from you that you don't see) of the

cubes in order to know where todivide them.


Units of MeasurementA cube can act as a standard of mea-

surement. The cubes shown here are

all the same size, but they appear to be

different sizes because of the sur-roundings-the woman, the tiny per-son, the man, the shoe. These differ-ent cubes can represent different unitsof measurement such as one inch, one

foot, one mile, and so on depending

on the surroundings that create scale.

The following box is divided intoequal units. The box measures 10

units tall x 5 units wide x l0 unitsdeep. If the units were not specified,

you could still determine the propor-tion because the box is half as wide as

it is tall.

Draw this cubeas5x5x10.

Draw this cubeasl0xl0x5.

-.^=---<,rl,'----l//

/1-- -,1t1ry

Exercise 1.7

Using the following cubes, determinethe proportions and divide themaccordingly. Use cubes as units ofmeasurement. Divide the cubes to get

correct proportions. The same size

cube can represent different units ofmeasurement.

Draw this cubeaslxlx0.5.

Draw this cubeaslx2x3.

Adding SquareThe same principlelines to find the e>

sides of a box also e

more than one squBegin by finding tÌthe square, and tlfrom the corner thof the far side. Wh,sects, the bottomshows you the ler

square in perspectirfollowing example.

Draw this cube

as2xl.5x1.

Draw this cube

as 100 x 100 x75.


Adding SquaresThe same principle of using diagonallines to find the exact middle of the

sides of a box also enables you to drawmore than one square in perspective.

Begin by finding the exact middle ofthe square, and then extend a linefrom the corner through the middleof the far side. Where that line inter-sects, the bottom perspective lineshows you the length of the nextsquare in perspective, as shown in thefollowing example.

Squares drawn in perspective appear

to diminish in size. You can find the

correct rate that they diminish bydrawing the diagonal lines to find the

center of the far edge of the square.

Draw another diagonal line from the

corner of the square directly throughthe midpoint of the edge and down towhere it finds the bottom corner ofthe next square.

KA sequence of

adding squæs tomal(e a

dEwtng

32

Exercise f .8

Rapid Viz r Third Edition

Use this technique to determinewhere the next square in succession

should be located based on the fol-lowing square, which is drawn in per-spective.

Add as many squares as you can to thefollowing drawings.

Multiplying Sq

These squares draeasily can becomeprinciples that apapply to the cubecubes on top ofonrone another to c

complicated object

The ffie method tÌ¡at workswork in tlrc dimensions.

Multiplying Squares

These squares drawn in perspective

easily can become cubes. The same

principles that apply to the square

apply to the cube or box. Iust stack

cubes on top ofone another or next toone another to draw larger, morecomplicated objects.

The me method ttEt works ln two dimenslons will alswork in thre dlmensions.

To draw other squares, cubes, or boxes

in correct proportion, first use the

diagonal to find the center of the side.

Draw a line from the center of the side

to the vanishing point-this bisects

the far side exactly in half. Draw a linefrom the corner through the center ofthe far side to where it intersects withthe bottom perspective line of the

box. This intersection between the


diagonal through the side to the bot-tom gives you the size of the next

square or box in succession.

Exercise 1.9

Use tracing paper to draw the cube

shown here. Draw 3 cubes in every

direction-in front, behind, above,

below, to the right, and to the left-from the original cube.

i


A¡other principle that you will finduseful when multiplying squares isthat diagonal lines converge at a singlevanishing point. The following illus-tration demonstrates how this works.The boxes must be equal in size(squares in this example), and thesides of the box must be parallel.

You can apply this principle to drawobjects in perspective. If you candetermine diagonal lines of boxes, youcan then find the far corner and canadd more boxes quickly. The followingcube is taken from the previousexample of many cubes drawn in

Þra[€l lrn6ç'tll @nE¡ge at a@mon qlshingpol¡t ¡drm dÞmfn perspættw.

Agatn. parallel liG @rrge at a common Enlshingporn L

perspective. As shown here, itbecomes easy to add more cubes tothis one because the diagonal linesconyerge at a vanishing point makingit easy to determine where the cornersof the additional cubes will be located-

fi

Exercise 1.10Use tracing paper

both directions-<two to the left-,here.

shown here, itrdd more cubes tothe diagonal lines

shing point makinge where the cornersrbes will be located.

->


Exercise 1.10

Use tracing paper to draw cubes inboth directions----{ne to the right and

two to the left---of the cube shownhere.

36

Adding Boxes VerticallyParallel lines (sides of a flat surface

that sets at an angle such as a rooftopor open box lid) converge at a singlepoint. You could use this knowledgeto help you draw the rooftop of a

building. The lines that form the side

of that roof, when extended, converge

Rapid Viz r Third Edition

at a vanishing point directly above thevanishing point on the horizon line.This point above the horizon line is

called a trace.You will find it useful toknow that these lines do converge at a

point above or below the vanishingpoint on the horizon line.

Exercise 1.11

Use tracing paper to add two cubes inevery direction from the cube shownhere. Add 2 cubes above, 2 below,2behind, 2 in front oi and 2 on each

side of the original box.

Assorted Boxel

So far we have

cubes-boxes withHowever, you alsodraw different sizr

create odd sized bcor more cubes togthe following exar

box sizes.

B

U

to add two cubes in,m the cube shownabove, 2 below,2of, and 2 on eachbox.

Assorted Boxes

So far we have concentrated oncubes-boxes with equally sized sides.

However, you also need to be able todraw different sized boxes. You can

create odd sized boxes by butting twoor more cubes together, as shown inthe following examples of assorted

box sizes.

Exercise 1 .12

Practice applying the principlesyoúve learned by creating odd sized

boxes. Strive to draw accurate per-spective without having to draw all ofthe hidden sides, vanishing points,and converging lines. You shouldbecome so familiar with how thingsshould look when drawn correctlythat you can do it right the first time.

r Draw a I x2 x 1 box using two-point perspective at eye level.

. Draw a2.5x 2 x 3 box using two-point perspective below eye level.

r Draw a2x4 x l boxusingone-point perspective below eye level.


r Draw a2x2 x 5 box with an open

top so that you can see inside using

one-point perspective at eye level.

Draw a 5 x 5 x 10 box using one-

point perspective below eye level

so that you are looking inside.

Draw a 5 x 7 x 9 box using three-

point perspective at eye level.

Draw a 6.5 x 5 x 3 box using three-point perspective at eye level.

Choose 2 or more boxes that youwant to draw. Decide the eye level

and the perspective that you wantto see and draw them.


Different ViewsNow that you have learned how todraw boxes and squares, you can take

it to the next level by using those boxes

to create different images. Whendrawing buildings for architecture,you show different views of the pro-posed building-front view, side view,

and top view. These views are as if youplaced your building within a glass

box and then traced the appropriateview. If you look down, directly on topof your box, you see the top view ofthe building. If you look at one side,

you see the side view, and so on.

You need to learn how to convert

those three different views into a

three-dimensional object. Rememberthat these different views are as

though you were peeling away the

sides of a box with an object drawn onthe sides of that box. They are flatviews of a three-dimensional object.

Place the object inside a transparentbox. The views are drawn on the sides

of the box, and then the box is

unfolded.

Top VlwHam

When it is completely unfolded, you

see the different views of the object.

Frcnt View

O\ t "-:-s-qs

I

The box ls @mpþtelyur¡folded.

J aD

Exercise 1.13

Draw the top, fronthe table below.

"h

TopVtry

hÊ

Top View

Front View

Chapter 1

letely unfolded, youiews of the object.

Exercise 1.13

Draw the top, front, and side views ofthe table below.

Top View

Draw the views of the object shown

here.

Front Side

Top

1

l

Front View Side View


Visualizing the ObjectThis section contains the top, front,and side views of many differentobjects. You need to learn how tovisualize those objects as they reallylook. In other words, you need to rec-

ognize the three-dimensional object

by seeing the two-dimensional top,front, and side views.

Exercise 1.14

Use additional sheets of paper to drawthe three-dimensional view of the fol-lowing objects based on the two-dimension drawings, as shown for the

first object. (Hint: Hidden lines are

trfl

=a

indicated by a dashed line. These

dashed lines are edges that you cannotsee from the view that you are lookingat. The dashed lines are as if you were

looking at the object with x-ray visionso that you could see the hiddenedges.)

ilt

un

gg

ng

E&

ZW

Ä!

Ã

n

T

trJ

NZ

HH

EØ.

EH

UH

Ntr

Complicated OYou can draw con

cated objects by us

box to help you.

=K[n

utr MH

htr

+rJL--l--J L-- I

-The dotted llnes here tndilstacked together Ðd encl

t---l

EE

++f¡

f-t

rTr-

Chapter 1 r Perspective 4',|

ashed line. Theseges that you cannothat you are lookings are as if you were:t with x-ray visiond see the hidden

tr\tr

Complicated ObjectsYou can draw complex and compli-cated objects by using more than one

box to help you.

+i#The dotted lines Ì¡æ lndtcate the edgæ of mr¡ltiple boressùacked together md enclætng the objæt.

Exercise 1.15

Use additional sheets of paper to drawthe three-dimensional view of theobjects shown here.

=KM

zstø

ïim

Il+

EA

trÄ

Ø

N

nô

ï

E

trK


Drawing Cube ShelvingAbstracta is a method of using tubingthat connects at the corners to formboxes. When stacked in different con-figurations, these boxes form shelvingfor display.

Exercise 1.16

Use tracing paper to evolve the fol-lowing drawing to include at least 7more cubes of shelves that create yourown abstracta display case.

Recreate these objects sitting on theshelves of your display case.

This shelvingls jr¡st aserles of boxes-

Vanlshhg Folnt

Ind a slmple lìglæ of e lEMn to betp eshbllsh såle ethat othG (4 dctdnc tt¡e sh of the abstÞcr shel*

rI

DRw objæts sitting on tle shel6.

VÐishhg Pobt

Drawing a Ch¡

Ifyou can draw aapply the cube mr

objects. For examl

by beginning fìrsthen erasing the I

that all that remai

ects sitting on therlay case.

-

ishi¡g Potnt

æts sitting on the shelæs.

Drawing a ChairIf you can draw a cube, then you can

apply the cube method to draw otherobjects. For example, I created a chairby beginning first with a cube and

then erasing the lines of the cube so

that all that remains is the chair.

Exercise 1.17

Draw 5 chairs using the cube tech-

nique. Begin by completing the 2

drawings started in the followingexample, and then create 3 of yourown from scratch.


The chairs are 2 cubes hlgþ.one cube wide and I cube deeP.

Horiæn Line


The chairs shown here look differentfrom one another, but they were allmade using the same cube technique.Take a look around you or in maga-zines for inspiration and draw at least3 different chair styles.

Drawing a Sof¡You also can draw a

cube method. A sol

an extended chairdraw a sofa by sir

three or four chair

another.

Exercise 1.18

Draw 2 different s,

same principle of <

stacked next each o

Chapter 'l r PersPective 45

here look different, but they were allne cube technique.d you or in maga-n and draw at least,.les.

Drawing a Sofa

You also can draw a sofa using the

cube method. A sofa is essentiallY

an extended chair, so you can

draw a sofa by simply stacking

three or four chairs next to one

another.

Exercise'1.18

Draw 2 different sofas using the

same principle of different cubes

stacked next each other.

Top view

Side ViewFront View

l¿/l-'t¿

-.<

\ \ \

\\


Drawing Other ObjectsThe following objects-swimmingpool, refrigerator, office building, andvending machine-were drawn usingthe box method.

Exercise 1.19

Use the box method to draw theobjects identified.I have provided thebox; you finish the object to create afinished drawing.

r A box of tissue

A suitcase

r Abed

A car

r A tall building with a helicopterlanding pad on the roof

r An upside-dow

r A television

"E

4I

I

/

h a helicoptere roof


r A skyscraperr An upside-dewn suitcase

r A children's bedroom schematic

r A television


Drawing a BuildingDrawing the exterior of a building is

accomplished by using the same prin-ciple as drawing previous objects. Youstack different squares or cubes nextto one another to form a basic build-ing. Use the principles of diagonal

lines to find how to correctly stackyour cubes in perspective. Then createthe different angles, views, and sur-faces for the building.

The following example is a building Iconstructed using cubes to help draw

the final view of that building. It wasdone simply by extending cubes. Westarted with one cube and thenextended cubes in different directionsto get the other sides and surfaces ofthe building.

-7-

The dimensions of the buildingare 6 r¡¡rits longby 2 unitswide by 2 units tall.

Exercise 1.20

Place a piece oftra,building shown l

drawing, and thenwindows, doors,whatever you imag


:at building. It wastending cubes. We

cube and thenlifferent directionses and surfaces of

rs of the buildingg by 2 unitsls tall.

Exercise 1.20

Place a piece of tracing paper over thebuilding shown here to trace thedrawing, and then finish it by addingwindows, doors, landscaping, orwhatever you imagine.

Rapid Viz r Third Editíon

Now draw an aerial view of the same

building.

Use the cubes below to draw a different viewfrom the other end of the same building youcreated in the previous step.

-T-

Drawing lnteriIn architecture a

you need to learn I

within a room. Drrn a room starts !top view of the ro

l- -n-ldol_lg

Top View or Plan

Lw a different viewsame building you

Drawing lnteriorsIn architecture and interior design

you need to learn how to draw objectswithin a room. Drawing objects with-in a room starts with a floor plan (a

top view of the room). It is very sim-

ple. Use boxes and cubes to create dif-ferent furniture or objects for theroom, and then use the top view toplace everything in the room.

Side View or Elevation Side View or El

The dimensions of the room are 12 x 12 x &


Side View or ElevationSide View or Elevation

Top View or Plan View


The following steps were used to cre-ate the interior of the room shownhere. Study each step until you under-stand exactly what has been done. The

Draw a square;1I is 12 feet squæ

XE'.EE.whole process looks complicated, butit isn't. The process looks time con-suming, but it isn't when compared toother drawing methods. It took only a

Fìnd the midpoint of theside

Estimate the depth ofyour l¡wer tle ceiling to the 8 Put in the ceiling-eras12 x t2 x 8 ræm fæt mark the excæs

Divide the side into equalmtts- 6 below the mid-point

few minutes to draw what is shownhere. These are my thumbnail sketch-es of the interior shown full-size onthe following page.

Find eye lerrl-usually the5 fæt mdk

AThe ræm cæ be mademore interGtingin 2-point perepætive

EHDËw the horizon line Ðdwishing point

Put in mæks for depthmeæurement-u*the diagoDals to findthe midtnint

Remember the bosic principles in dea¡ing witl boxes. Inmost conpler drawings they are just repeated over and or¡eragain.

Draw the peßpective lin6

Draw úews on the outsidesurfacæ

Exercise 1.21

Place tracing pap(drawing. Finish a

by adding paintinclude lamps, re

Put in humÐ figur6 toestabllsh sale

lraw what is shownry thumbnail sketch-r shown full-size one.

)rau' the peEpective lines

Put in humæ figures toestablish scale

rxes. Inr and over


Exercise 1.21

Place tracing paper over the followingdrawing. Finish and refine the roomby adding paintings on the walls,include lamps, refine the roughed in

furniture, add windows, whatever youenvlsl0n.

Now draw another point of view ofthe same room by looking in fromone of the other walls.

6X

rapid-viz_15-53

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