APL AUTOMOBIL – PRÜFTECHNIK LANDAU GMBH

Industriegebiet OstAm Hölzel 11

D-76829 LandauGermany

+49.6341.991.0www.apl-landau.de

Rapid Oil Consumption Measurement

A new instrument for optimisation of lube oil formulation and reduction of oil related emissions

3rd International Conference

LUBRICANTS RUSSIA- 2007 -

Oil Consumption – Oil Emission

lubeoil in exhaust gas

oil emission

lubrication piston-piston ring-cylinder

eva

po

ratio

n

flin

gin

g o

ff

reve

rse

bBlo

w-by

scra

pin

g

unburnt HCsfrom lubeoil

oil sump volume = lubeoil + fuel + water + ... fresh oil

valv

e lu

bric

atio

n

lub

rica

tion

TC

Blo

w-b

y

crack products& PM

lea

kag

es

de

po

sits

in e

ng

ine

oil consumption

fue

l

com

bu

stio

n d

ep

osi

ts,

wa

ter

oil sump balance

Mechanism EvaporationTemperatures 0 - 720° Crank Angle

eva

po

rati

on

oilfilm

liner

water

pis

ton

top ring

2nd ring

Lo

g (

T)

oilfilm

cylinder liner

cooling wateroil evaporation

combustion chamber above piston

Oil Consumption MeasurementMethods

SO2

ChlorPyren

TritiumBrom

not radioactive

radioactive

with tracer

levelmeasurement

drain / weighmethod

volumetricgravimetric

conventional

selective ion calculationin mass spectra

groups of HC- molecules, unchanged fuels + lubes

without tracer

Composition of Fuels & Lubes

Gasoline

Lubeoil

Diesel fuel

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Carbon Atoms [-]

distance

overlap

Hydrocarbons

carbonhydrogen

Inte

nsity

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350Mass(m) / Charge(z)[Atomic mass units]

CO2

ArO2

N2H2O

ambient airsubstances

benzenetoluene

xylene

ring-shaped hydrocarbons

aliphatic hydrocarbons

Gasoline < 160 m/z Oil emission measuring range > 170 m/z

Diesel fuel < 290 m/z Oemr > 300 m/z

Measuring MethodMass Segments for Oil Emission

vacuum pump

sampling in exhaust system

mass spectrometer

pre vacuum

high vacuum

Rapid Oil Emission Measurement Principle

Frequency < 250 Hz

ion source

hexapol

quadrupoles

detector

Stationary Comparison of OilsOil related oil consumption differences

Comparison of Oils C, D & E

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 2000 4000 6000

Engine Speed [rpm]

Oil

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n [

g/h

]

Oil C WoTOil D WoTOil E WoTOil C 50% WoTOil D 50% WoTOil E 50% WoT

4-cyl 2 litresgasoline engine

•measurement•flushing•measurement•flushing•measurement•flushing

Comparison of Oils over Time

Comparison of Oils A & B

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Running Time [h]

Wo

T O

il C

on

sum

pti

on

[%

]

Oil AOil B

running in constant low level

running in increasing level

delt

a f

resh

delt

a e

ot

combination of online methods:

•rapid oil emission•radio nuclid wear

+ simulation+ calculation

30

0 h

Comparison of Oil Emission Maps

20

h

OIL A OIL B

Comparison of Oil Emission Maps vs Time

Influence of Motoring / Intake VacuumDynamic Behaviour

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700time [s]

oil

em

issi

on

[g

/h]

modified by motoring

motored: throttle closed

fired: 20Nm load

Dynamic Comparison of OilsTest Cycle

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Time [min]

En

gin

e S

pe

ed

[rp

m]

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

To

rqu

e [N

m]

fired

mot

ored

4-cyl 2 litresgasoline engine

Dynamic Comparison of Oils C, D & ETest Results

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Time [min]

Oil

Con

sum

ptio

n [g

/h]

Oil C Oil D Oil E

Peak oil consumption up to 500 g/h

4-cyl 2 litresgasoline engine

- 1000

1000

3000

5000

7000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60- 50

50

150

250

WOT oil consumptionsD < E < C

peak oil consumptionsD < C < E

Summary & Conclusions

1. A new rapid oil consumption measurement technique allows measurements up to 250 Hz

2. This enables the "fine tuning" of lube oils like no other method

3. For some OEMs the traditional oil quality specifications, together with their on top in-house requirements are no longer sufficient

4. Oil quality and formulation modifications can quickly be compared without influence of changes in the engine

5. In combination with online wear measurement this is the quickest development tool for the moment

6. Simulation techniques and calculations can additionally support the lube oil development