rapid follow up food security assessment

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RAPID FOLLOW UP FOOD SECURITY

ASSESSMENT Flood and water logging affected areas in Satkhira and Jessore District

The Assessment was jointly conducted by members of Food Security Cluster under the leadership

and coordination of World Food Programme.

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RAPID FOLLOW UP FOOD SECURITY

ASSESSMENT

Flood and water logging affected areas in Satkhira and Jessore District, May

2012

Report prepared by WFP

Analytical write up on the KII prepared by FAO

Other key contributors from Technical Working Group in the preparation of this report: SI,

OXFAM, ACF, DAE, BRAC, Action Aid

This food security assessment was jointly conducted by various members of Food Security

Cluster under the leadership of World Food Programme.

June, 2012

COVERE PHOTOS

ASM TARIUR RABBY

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Table of Contents

ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................... VI

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY ......................................................................................................................................... VII

1. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 1

1.1. CONTEXT OF THE ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................... 1

1.3. METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.3.1. The basic premises ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.3.2. The process ................................................................................................................................... 2

1.3.3. The tools ....................................................................................................................................... 3

1.4. THE METHODOLOGICAL LEARNING IN THE FIELD ................................................................................................ 3

2. FOOD AVAILABILITY ...................................................................................................................................... 5

2.1. CROP SECTOR ............................................................................................................................................ 6

2.1.1. Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1.2. The impact .................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1.3. Production prospect of other crops. ............................................................................................. 9

2.1.4. Assistance provided ...................................................................................................................... 9

2.1.5. Major constraints ....................................................................................................................... 10

2.2. LIVESTOCK SECTOR ................................................................................................................................... 10

2.2.1. Background ................................................................................................................................. 10

2.2.2. Damages ..................................................................................................................................... 10

2.2.3. Current situation ......................................................................................................................... 11

2.2.4. Future prospect .......................................................................................................................... 11

2.2.5. Assistance provided .................................................................................................................... 11

2.3. FISHERIES SECTOR..................................................................................................................................... 11

2.3.1. Background ................................................................................................................................. 11

2.3.2. Damages ..................................................................................................................................... 11

2.3.3. Current situation ......................................................................................................................... 11

2.3.4. Assistance provided .................................................................................................................... 12

3. FOOD ACCESSIBILITY ................................................................................................................................... 15

3.1. LIVELIHOODS RECOVERY STATUS .................................................................................................................. 15

3.2. STATE OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................................... 16

3.3. STATE OF CHILDREN AND FEMALE DAY LABORER .............................................................................................. 18

3.4. ALTERNATE LIVELIHOODS FOR LABORERS AND MARGINAL FARMERS .................................................................... 19

3.5. PRICE OF BASIC STAPLES ............................................................................................................................. 19

3.6. EXPENDITURE IN VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS .................................................................................................. 20

4. FOOD CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION .................................................................................................... 21

4.1. FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITION .......................................................................................................... 22

4.2. DIET DIVERSITY AND FREQUENCY ................................................................................................................. 22

4.3. INTRA HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION ...................................................................................................... 23

4.4. WATER AND SANITATION ........................................................................................................................... 24

4.4.1. Source of water .......................................................................................................................... 24

4.4.2. Time to fetch water .................................................................................................................... 24

4.4.3. Defecation point and feces disposal practice of the communities ............................................. 25

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4.4.4. WaSH priorities ........................................................................................................................... 25

4.4.5. Prevalence of gut parasites ........................................................................................................ 26

4.4.6. Symptom/result of under nutrition ............................................................................................. 26

4.4.7. Common diseases ....................................................................................................................... 26

5. COPING STRATEGIES, PRIORITIES AND NEEDS ............................................................................................. 28

5.1. COPING STRATEGIES .................................................................................................................................. 28

5.2. PRIORITY NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY .......................................................................................................... 29

5.3. POPULATION AND AREAS IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE .......................................................................................... 30

6. RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 35

6.1. INTERVENTIONS PROPOSED BY THE CURRENT ASSESSMENTS: ............................................................................. 36

6.1.1. Short to medium term: ............................................................................................................... 36

6.1.2. Medium to long term interventions............................................................................................ 37

ANNEX 1- LIST OF PARTICIPATED AGENCIES AND STAFF ...................................................................................... 42

AGENCIES PARTICIPATED IN THE PRIMARY FIELDWORK ................................................................................................... 42

ANNEX 2- RESPONSES OF KIIS .............................................................................................................................. 46

RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW- AGRICULTURE ......................................................................... 46

RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS- FISHERIES .............................................................................. 49

FACTSHEETS ON REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES BY AGENCIES ............................................................................................ 61

Table 1 Status of Boro, Aman and other crops in the study areas ......................................................... 7

Table 2 Average cost benefit analysis for Boro paddy reported by the marginal farmers ..................... 8

Table 3Reporting from Key Informant interviewees on different areas on fisheries ......................... 13

Table 4 Change in agricultural wage labor holdings ............................................................................. 16

Table 5 Terms of Trade (ToT) in terms of rice purchasing capacity ...................................................... 18

Table 6 Area identification criteria matrices ........................................................................................ 30

Table 7 Population in need of external assistance in the selected area ............................................... 33

Graph 1 Community perception on last Boro production ...................................................................... 7

Graph 2 Perception on Potato potential ................................................................................................. 8

Graph 3 Turmeric potential .................................................................................................................... 8

Graph 4 Potential of different vegetables in the affected area .............................................................. 9

Graph 5 Source of money for the planned crops.................................................................................. 10

Graph 6 Major constraints to plant upcoming crops ............................................................................ 10

Graph 7 Shrimp/fish outlook ................................................................................................................ 11

Graph 8 Status of major livelihoods ...................................................................................................... 16

Graph 9 Key constraints in reviving livelihoods .................................................................................... 17

Graph 10 Time required for full recovery of the livelihoods ................................................................ 17

Graph 12 Sector-wise employment by women .................................................................................... 18

Graph 11 Sector-wise employment by Children ................................................................................... 18

Graph 13 Alternative sources of livelihoods ......................................................................................... 19

Graph 14 Price trend of basic staples ................................................................................................... 20

Graph 15 Major expenditure sectors of vulnerable HHs ...................................................................... 20

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Graph 16 Food Consumption Score ...................................................................................................... 22

Graph 17 Diet diversity ......................................................................................................................... 22

Graph 18 Rice consumption change per households and per person .................................................. 23

Graph 19 Intra-household meal frequency .......................................................................................... 23

Graph 20 Source of water in the households ....................................................................................... 24

Graph 21 Children’s' feces disposal practice ........................................................................................ 24

Graph 22 Defecation point access trend .............................................................................................. 25

Graph 23 WaSH priorities of male and female ..................................................................................... 25

Graph 24 Symptom and/ or result of under-nutrition .......................................................................... 26

Graph 25 Prevalence of diseases among adults and children .............................................................. 26

Graph 26 Coping strategies adopted by the households...................................................................... 28

Graph 27 Short, Medium and Long term priority needs of the vulnerable groups .............................. 29

Graph 28 Community preferred interventions ..................................................................................... 36

Figure 1 Tools and techniques ................................................................................................................ 2

Figure 2 Map of the most priority area ................................................................................................. 34

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Acronyms

Acronym Elaboration

ACF Action Contre la Faim Bangladesh

CFT Cash for Training

CFW Cash for Work

CSI Coping Strategy Index

DAE Department of Agricultural Extension

DLS Department of Livestock

DoF Department of Fisheries

FAO The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

FCS Food Consumption Score

FGD Focused Group Discussion

FSC Food Security Cluster

IGA Income Generating Activities

KII Key Informants Interview

JNA Joint Needs Assessment

MFI Micro Finance Institutions

RMS Rapid Market Survey

SI Solidarites International

ToT Terms of Trade

TWG Technical Working Group

WFP The United Nations World Food Programme

UDMC Union Disaster Management Committee

UN The United Nations

UzDMC Upazila Disaster Management Committee

WaSH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

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Executive Summery

1. The current assessment follows the two previous assessments conducted in the rainfall induced

waterlogged areas of Satkhira and Jessore in August and December 2011. While relief type of

assistance was triggered by immediate post disaster assessment in August 2011, the post Aman

harvest assessment in December 2011 recommended for livelihood recovery through

employment generation interventions like cash for work till the Boro harvest. Following a good

Boro harvest in May 2012 throughout the country another needs assessment was planned to

assess the recovery levels of the vulnerable communities and their needs. This time the

assessment was conducted jointly by the members of Food Security Cluster.

2. The rehabilitation activities along with a moderate Boro paddy harvest contributed much to the

improvement of livelihoods and food security of the vulnerable households. However, a large

part of the income from all major sources has already been spent on food, shelter, medicine and

loan repayment. Under such circumstances exposure to vulnerability especially for the poor

population is not yet over. On top of the upcoming income constraints there is the risk of

recurrent flood in the current monsoon due to clogged drains and rivers. The major objective of

the current assessment was to understand the current and upcoming food security and

livelihood situation in the affected areas and to find out the number of people still in need

external assistance if there are any.

3. The current assessment has jointly been done by the members of the Food Security Cluster

under the leadership and coordination of WFP. A total of 14 organizations took the responsibility

of conducting primary fieldwork in 14 Unions of 6 Upazila of Satkhira and Jessore Districts. The

tools used for this assessment were focus group discussions, key informant interview, interview

with local representatives and market survey. This is perhaps first assessment ever carried out

by a cluster and potentially can lead to a better coordination system of humanitarian response.

This post-harvest rapid assessment has also been conducted to understand the current food

security situation as well as to identify whether there are communities who need external

assistance.

Major findings on food availability:

4. During the flood in 2011 when farmers were fully or partially affected for Aus rice production

the T. Aman was their post flood crop before starting Boro rice production. Although overall

22.27 percent T. Aman producing lands were damaged, the farmers managed to harvest the

Aman rice where the scenario varied in different Upazilas which ranged from 60-100 percent

of a normal production.

5. In the current year the despite the good Boro yield per hectare, the farmers could not produce

Boro to its full potential. Around 40 percent of the focus groups reported that their production

was less than 50 percent of a normal production. On top of the reduced production the low

selling price of Boro is going to constrain the marginal farmers from making a substantial

investment in the upcoming transplantation of Aman. Based on cost benefit analysis it was

estimated that marginal Boro farmers can earn around Taka 4500 from selling their produce,

not at all sufficient to make next investment. Only option remains with them is loan at high

interest from the MFIs or the local money lenders.

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6. After boro harvest the major labor requirement comes from shrimp ghers and Aman

transplantation. In recent times shrimp production has reduced due to spread of disease and

capital crisis induced by the prolonged water logging, thus constraining alternate income

opportunities. Farmers anticipate good Aman harvest given that there will be no flood in the

area which is unlikely. However, over 40 percent of the FGDs reported that they are not

predominantly Aman producing areas therefore the coming Aman season is not going to

provide sufficient jobs . Moreover Aman plantation is not a labour intensive activity like Boro.

7. Prospect of summer vegetable is yet to become normal. Local level production may impact

availability as well as the prices and consequently the consumption.

8. Livestock and poultry sector has not recovered from the damage done by the flood hence the

usual year round return from small scale poultry farming is not there.

9. The shock of flood has devastated the gher farming as the owners and farmers had to bear a

heavy cost. Many remained indebted and disease outbreak in bagda farming further

exacerbating the situation. Generally, across all subsectors of agriculture there is a strong

sense of uncertainty as the major rivers were not dredged and had experienced a high level of

siltation.

Findings on access to food

10. Generally all the major livelihoods are moving towards recovery though fish farmers and

laborers claimed that their recovery has not been very satisfactory.

11. Since this has been a post Boro harvest assessment people had sufficient money in their hand

but they were also fearing of the coming lean season especially the areas where Aman is not

produced substantially (43% communities).

12. Expenditure on food followed by repayment of loan, shelter repair and medicine has been

reported to be the major expenditure sectors. Over the past months women and children also

contributed to the household income which is not a normal scenario. Over 71 percent of the

FGDs reported that they have sent their children to work in brick field, agricultural field and

rickshaw van pulling. However, wage of children and women in agricultural field remained

extremely low compared to that of male adults, children received over 60 percent less and

female received 30 percent less than the male wages.

13. Boro price shock has left the marginal farmer with no additional money to invest for the

upcoming crops. However, agricultural day laborers who are net buyers of the rice have been

benefitting from this low rice price and currently the terms of trade in terms of rice almost

similar to pre flood time which is around 6.3 kg. However, this is a seasonal scenario. Usually

in the coming months the agricultural wage rates will drop despite the Aman planting season

(Aman wage are less than Boro wage) and the rice price will go up

14. There are pocket areas where T. Aman is not cultivated as these are predominantly gher areas.

Despite this, Aman planting is not a labor intensive production therefore does not provide

extensive livelihood opportunities.

15. In general, both marginal farmer and wage labor households are in a vulnerable situation as

the major rivers have not been dredged and excessive rainfall in the monsoon will again create

water logging.

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Findings on food consumption and utilization

16. Seven percent of the FGDs reported to have poor food consumption score (FCS) even after the

post-harvest period. In August the rate was 10 percent and in December no communities

were detected with poor food consumption mainly due to food assistance programmes and

availability of fish in the open water. At present 57% of the FGDs responded that they belong

to the borderline category which was only 38% in December and 18% in August.

17. General improvement of dietary diversity in terms of rice, milk and milk product, and pulses

and meal frequency in terms of rice consumption bears a signature mark of a post-harvest

assessment. However, due to high prices of protein, especially fish the overall FCS has

deteriorated due to lack of protein consumption.

18. There is an improvement in meal frequency across all age groups compared to that of August

2011. However, concerns remain over significant reduction of meal frequency of the pregnant

and lactating mother and under five children comparing the last December.

19. Consumption of rice has increased significantly and currently per person consumption is over

2.5 kg which was less than 2 kg in December. In August 2011 the rice consumption was

reported to be 2.4 Kg. The Agricultural wage laborers who are the net buyers of rice are

spending 94 percent of their income after rice. As the price of basic staple declined the prices

of other basic food commodities shot up like oil, pulse and potato affecting the quality and

quantity of the food basket.

20. Much recovery has been made in terms of access to safe drinking water. However, there are

significant portion of areas where it takes more than one hour to fetch water.

21. Improvement in using sanitary latrine has been reported. However, open defecation and

unsafe children’s feces disposal practice has remained as a critical health threat to the overall

wellbeing of the communities. Immediate attention is required.

22. Prevalence of gut parasites and water borne disease has remained very high. Status of worm

infection also a very high threat to utilization of food by different age groups.

Coping strategies

23. Coping strategies adopted by the households followed a common trend which can be

categorized as ‘mid-level severe’ indicators. Only in a few cases the adaptive strategies

compromised household asset hence also have chance to rapture the future livelihood

security. Average coping strategy index (CSI) severity score of the vulnerable households have

been found out to be 26.2 which is more than the commonly found score indicating more

vulnerable status of the households in affected area.

24. As the vulnerable households have become chronically indebted due to un-suitable payback

time and interest rate as well as return on investment in the commonly found sectors is not

enough, hence the key priorities came around the issue of assistance either in terms of grant

for different agricultural and non-agricultural livelihoods related investment. However, as

people of the communities are well aware on the upcoming lean season so they also

prioritized food assistance as their key medium term (from next 2 to 6 months) priority.

Priority areas and population in need

25. Based on 3 specific indicators priority area has been identified. These are percentage of

population affected, last Boro status and potential of Aman paddy. Elected representatives of

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the people (Union Parishad and Upazila Parishad) and officials of various technical

departments of the government reached consensus at Upazila level on these indicators. Based

on these indicators 16 Unions of 5 Upazilas in Satkhira and Jessore districts have been

identified. These selected areas have no and limited potential for Aman, had a negligible

amount of Boro production and a large percentage of the population was affected.

26. The population in need in these 16 priority unions was estimated based on following method.

Number of marginal farmers in need of agricultural assistance was estimated.

Number of highly food insecure vulnerable households without any agricultural land

and regular income were estimated for livelihood support.

Number of children under five and PLWs in these marginal farm and vulnerable

households were estimated for nutrition support.

In total 16,500 households have been identified in need of external assistance in the 16

priority unions of which 8500 are marginal farmers who need support to recover their

livelihoods and 8000 are chronically food insecure households with no regular employment.

Out of these total 16,500 households 2500 children under five and PLWs should be assisted

with integrated mother and child nutrition programme.

Response Strategies:

27. Followings are the short term measures proposed based on the above situation

Beneficiaries Type

Beneficiaries No.

Duration Assistance details

Cash grant for farming

Small and Marginal Farmers

8500 Hhs Lean season-August to November

-Cash grant of BDT 3500 (one time distribution) - Technical support from DAE

Cash & food for training on IGA (It can be cash for training, food for training or cash and food for training)

Vulnerable Hh: - Female headed HHs with limited employment opportunities; - HHs with disabled heads and elderlies &limited employment; -Day laborers with no agricultural lands etc.

8000 Hhs Lean season-August to November

Training on IGA (poultry and homestead gardening), DRR, WASH/Hygiene in 4 sessions. Per session training remuneration appox. Taka 750/=

Food package: preferably with pulse, oil, sugar etc. (rice excluded) Distribution: bi monthly (to reduce operational costs), one distribution must be before Eid Period: beginning of August and beginning of October

Integrated maternal & child feeding

Children under 5 & PLWs from the 16,500 vulnerable

No. children U 5=2030 No. PLWs = 430

Lean season-August to November

Wheat soya blend (WSB) & Nutrition training

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Beneficiaries Type

Beneficiaries No.


households to be assisted

28. Medium to long term interventions

Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration.

Piloting the suitability of community enterprise approach (“Daudkandi model”) for community-based floodplain fisheries management in water-logged areas.

Expansion and productivity enhancement of Boro rice through technological support

Expansion of high-value field crops in the rabi season.

Development opportunities of horticulture and agro-forestry.

Cash grant and training on non-farm activities of women and adult male.

Cage culture.

Dredging of rivers and canals.

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CHAPTER 1 1. Introduction and Methodology

1.1. Context of the Assessment In August 2011 heavy localized rainfall in the southern parts of the country namely Satkhira, Jessore

and Khulna resulted in prolonged water logging which had negatively impacted the food security and

livelihoods of the local people. Following the rainfall induced water logging in August 2011, WFP,

FAO and international and national NGOs conducted several assessments in the worst affected

Upazilas of Satkhira and Jessore. This resulted in assistance programmes funded by ECHO for the

affected population which continued till November/December the Aman harvest period. In

December a post Aman harvest follow up survey was carried out by the similar agencies. The

assessment in December by WFP and FAO highlighted critical situation in restoration of livelihoods

and assets due to crop loss and reduced agricultural production, high debt and limited job

opportunity for the forthcoming lean season till the Boro harvest in May 2012. The report

recommended for food and cash transfer through public works and nutritional interventions. ECHO

funded the livelihood restoration and nutrition interventions which were implemented by WFP,

international and national NGOs in the worst affected Upazilas of Satkhira and Jessore till May 2012.

Following a good Boro harvest in May throughout the country, another needs assessment was

planned, this time jointly by the members of Food Cluster. This joint needs assessment (JNA) has

features unlike other JNA as this is perhaps the first ever study done by a cluster where different

agencies participated in primary fieldwork. The methodology, tools and checklists were prepared

jointly by the Technical Working Group (TWG) of Food Security Cluster (FSC) under the overall

coordination of World Food Programme (WFP). Previously conducted JNAs were very rich in

information but this time the study has a solid platform from where unique message can be

conveyed to the policy planners, people’s representatives and various development partners.

1.2. Objectives There were 2 key objectives of this assessment;

1. Understand the current food security and livelihood situation in the affected areas.

2. Find out the number of people still in need of external assistance (if there are any).

1.3. Methodology

1.3.1. The basic premises

The study methodology was developed based on the following premises;

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It will be a ‘rapid’ assessment following the assessments done in August and December

2011.

Essentially the assessment tools will be qualitative and participatory.

Area selection will be done randomly based on the flood situation in December 2011 and

May 2012. Selected areas should represent areas that are still either moderately or severely

affected.

1.3.2. The process

It should be noted that it was a joint assessment where agencies of UN, national and international

NGOs participated. WFP coordinated with the members of TWG to roll out the detail plan and

methods. Later, a broader level participation from the FSC was sought and all these were done

through a number of cluster as well as TWG level meetings.

The study was led by WFP with key responsibilities of coordination, production of tools,

initial planning, data management, analysis and reporting.

Based on the above premises, tools were initially developed by WFP and then circulated

among the TWG Members of FSC. After collating and full considerations of each and every

comment a set of final tools were prepared. It should be noted that while producing the

initial tools, WFP considered the tools it used for a follow up assessment as well as the tools

of last JNA by international and national NGOs which were both held in December 2011.

A call for participation was made to the FSC members and various consortium and

organizations working in the affected area responded with full team for a specific site; either

a Union or 2 Unions of an Upazila. A total of 14 organizations took the responsibility of

conducting primary fieldwork in 14 Unions of 6 Upazila of Satkhira and Jessore Districts.

FAO in collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) conducted Key Informant Interviews

(KII) with agriculture, livestock and fisheries officer along with the water development

boards at local level.

WFP organized a 2 day training for the all the teams of different agencies. A total of 52

participants had gone through detail discussion on each tool. At the end of the training, a

mock FGD was also practiced by the teams to understand each and every section of FGD

checklists.

Figure 1 Tools and techniques

Tools

28 FGDs

Vulnerable Group (14)

Female Group (14)

7 RMS

Growth Centers

7 Consultation Meeting

UzDMC and UDMC members

7 KII

Upazila Officials

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1.3.3. The tools

Due to rapid nature of the assessment selective qualitative and participatory tools were

adopted. The tools (See Annex 1) are as follows;

o Focused Group Discussions

Vulnerable group FGDs: A total of 14 FGDs of vulnerable groups-one in each

of the 14 selected Unions- were conducted. The participants (both male and

female) of these FGDs were mostly day laborers, marginal farmers and other

labor wage dependent people. It should be noted that the key criteria for

participant selection was that the participant may or may not have received any

assistance from any agencies. Key subjects of this FGD were livelihoods,

agriculture, food consumption, WaSH, priorities and needs etc.

Female group FGDs: 14 FGDs of female groups were carried out in each of

the selected Unions. The key criteria of participant selection were at least 50%

of the participants had to have children under 2 years of age. Key issues of this

FGD were food consumption pattern, dietary diversity, livelihoods of women

and children, WaSH, general health and nutrition, priorities and needs.

o Consultation meeting: These meetings were held at each randomly selected Upazila

headquarter where members of Upazila Disaster Management Committee (UzDMC)

and Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC) participated. This tool was

designed to have a broader consensus at local level on the level of impact at Union

level.

o Rapid market survey (RMS): This rapid survey was done at Upazila sadar market or in

the nearest growth centers. The aim of this survey was to understand the price level

of different staple food along with general situation of the physical market.

o Key Informant Interviews: KIIs were carried out in all 7 Upazilas with the government

officers (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, water development board).

1.4. The methodological learning in the field While doing the fieldwork the field team encountered a few issues with the checklists as well as the

implementation of particular tools. All the learning of the fieldwork can be summarized as follows;

Field practice was required for the enumerators: Relative ‘discomfort’ on certain issues of

the checklist was observed among the FGD facilitators during the fieldwork. This may have

originated because of the lack of practice that usually is included in the training program for

enumerators. Initially it was thought that mock practice will suffice this need. However, as

enumerators came from various backgrounds, some had comparative advantages on some

sections while others may have had challenges in facilitation. For any future assessment field

practice after the training should be made mandatory so that the enumerators can facilitate

the FGDs more comfortably without reading each and every word in the checklists.

Group formation and relative representation of the communities: It should be noted that

apart from basic selection criteria of the participant of FGD, it was mentioned that the group

should be organized in such a way that represent the overall community i.e. vulnerable

group FGDs should not only include the day laborers rather be composed of representations

of various wage based livelihoods. Detailing about group formation system should be further

emphasized from next such assessments so that agencies consider that the FGD participants

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should not only be taken from their existing beneficiaries rather from a premise that

appropriately represents the group that is sought for.

Checklists required more contextualization: Even though the checklist of each tool has gone

through reviews among the TWG members, while applying at the field a few limitations

were found. The livelihoods section required more review and contextualization. On the

other hand, some key information could have been added to understand the depth of

vulnerability of the people.

More preparatory work for UzDMC and UDMC consultation meeting is required: Based on

the premise that this is a ‘rapid’ assessment this joint/mixed group meeting were decided so

that the representatives of different unions can have a common platform to discuss the

status of each Unions affected by the flood and water logging. Union-wise UDMC meetings

are not suitable for a rapid assessment as this require more time. As all these meetings been

organized within a short notice all the chairmen of Unions, who usually have busy work

schedule, could not attend the meeting. However, it was made sure that at least the

representatives of the affected Unions were present in the meeting.

Preparedness of the FSC to conduct such assessment: One of the core propositions that can

be made based on the learning from the current assessment is that the FSC should prepare a

‘questionnaire/checklist bank’ including field manual for different tools. This ‘bank’ can be

used whenever required for the following assessments;

o Immediately after disaster (within 2/3 days): A sample question bank on emergency

humanitarian needs should be prepared that can be conducted with minimum

training of the data collector.

o 1st Rapid Food Security Assessment (within 1 month): Within 1 month a rapid food

security assessment should be done considering the dimensions of food security. A

questionnaire/checklist bank should be prepared considering different seasonality

aspects of livelihoods, agriculture etc.

o 2nd Follow-up Rapid Food Security Assessment (within 6 month): This follow up

assessment should be essentially a tracking study of the 1st assessment considering

the key food security indicators. However, seasonality aspects should be clearly and

rigorously reviewed prior embarking on this assessment.

o 3rd Follow-up Rapid Food Security Assessment (1 year): This is once again a tracking

study of the 1st and 2nd assessment. However as the seasons of livelihoods and

agriculture changes so another review of the checklists should be made.

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Key findings:

1. During the flood in 2011 when farmers were fully or partially affected by damaged Aus rice

production Transplanted Aman (T. Aman) was their post flood crop before starting Boro rice

production. Although overall 22.27 percent T. Aman producing lands were damaged, the

farmers managed to harvest the Aman rice. Scenario varied in different Upazilas ranging from

60-100 percent of a normal production.

2. In the current year, despite the good Boro yield per hectare, the farmers could not produce

Boro to its full potential. Around 40 percent of the focus groups reported that their production

was less than 50 percent of a normal production. On top of the reduced production the low

selling price of Boro may constrain the marginal farmers from making a substantial investment

in the upcoming transplantation of Aman. Based on cost benefit analysis it is estimated that

marginal Boro farmers can earn around Taka 4500 from selling their produce which is not at all

sufficient to make next investment. Only option remaining with them is a taking loan from the

MFIs or the money lenders.

3. After Boro harvest the major labor requirement comes from shrimp ghers (shrimp farms) and

Aman transplantation. In recent times shrimp production has reduced due to spread of disease

and capital crisis induced by the prolonged water logging thus constraining alternate income

opportunities. Farmers anticipate good Aman harvest given that there will be no flood in the

area. However, over 40 percent of the FGDs reported that the cultivation areas are not

predominantly Aman producing areas. Therefore the coming Aman season is not going to

provide sufficient jobs. Moreover Aman plantation is not a labor intensive activity like Boro.

4. Prospect of summer vegetable is yet to become normal. Local level production may impact

availability as well as the prices and consequently the consumption.

5. Livestock and poultry sector has not recovered from the damage done by the flood hence the

usual year round return from small scale farming is not available.

6. The shock of flood has devastated the gher farming as the owners and farmers had to bear a

heavy cost. Many remained indebted and disease outbreak in bagda (a kind of shrimp) farming

further exacerbated the situation. Generally, across all subsectors of agriculture there is a

strong sense of uncertainty as the major rivers were not dredged and experienced a high level

of siltation.

CHAPTER 2 2. Food Availability

Page | 6

2.1. Crop Sector

2.1.1. Overview

The flood affected areas predominantly produces Aman and Boro rice. Moreover, the spatial

dynamics of the affected area is very diverse in terms of agricultural production if we consider

agriculture as a broad and integrated sector consisting crop, fisheries, livestock and forest. It should

be noted that Upazila level aggregate statistics may not necessarily represent the situation of the

most affected area1 i.e. Union or Wards of Unions where the FGDs were conducted. The major rice

crops in Satkhira are the rain fed T. Aman (60%) followed by the winter rice Boro (35%) and T. Aus

(5%)2. Based on the agricultural reporting from 2003 Aman was the most dominant crop in Satkhira

and Jessore region. Over the time the expansion of shrimp farms in the south has occupied many

Aman lands thus reducing the net Aman production area. In the recent FGDs, 43% of the FGDs

claimed that their areas are not predominantly Aman producing area.

During the flood in August 2011, the majority of the agricultural lands in the affected Upazilas and

Unions either had Aus crop in the field to be harvested in August-September or just planted Aman

seed beds. The rainfall induced flood and water logging submerged the agricultural fields with 4 to 6

feet of water for over 20 days, which was sufficient enough to damage the standing Aus crops as

well as the Aman seed beds and some percentage of just transplanted Aman crop. Usually Satkhira

district is surplus vegetable producing district. During this time of the year the majority of the

households produce summer vegetables in the homestead gardens. However, all the homestead

vegetables are damaged due to the deep and prolonged flooding/water logging.

2.1.2. The impact

The main standing crops affected by water logging/flooding were T. Aman seed bed, T. Aman (a

large portion of which was planted), Transplanted Aus (at harvesting stage) locally called Block

2,chili, betel leaf, vegetables and other minor crops. The full extent of damage to crops was not

officially established, whereas situation in Khulna Division especially in Satkhira district showed slow

sign of improvement but causing widespread damage as reported by the respective agriculture

departments of GOB. In 7 Upazilas of Satkhira district heavy rainfall induced water logging affected

17,465 hectare of transplanted Aman (T. Aman), 3890 hectare of transplanted Aus (T. Aus) and 1679

hectare of vegetables.

1 Aggregate Upazila level statistics have been collected from each of the selected study Upazila’s relevant

government office. On the other hand, community level perceptive information has been collected from FGDs conducted in the most affected Unions or the ward of Unions. Hence, it is likely that while a particular ward of a Union may suggest that there were no e.g. Aman crop, but at Upazila level we may find that the aggregate production is same or even may have increased.

2 The crop production estimates in Satkhira are compiled from agricultural production time series data by

districts published by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).

Page | 7

Graph 1 Community perception on last Boro production

Table 1 Status of Boro, Aman and other crops in the study areas

Upazila Area inundated (ha)*

Crop damage; Total area and last T. Aman (ha)

Number of farmers affected

Aman production (mt-clean rice)

Current Boro production (mt- clean rice)

Future production prospect of Aman, summer vegetables and local cash crops (ha)

Asasuni 2,905 Total-1805, T. Aman- 1760

3,360 23,963 22,955 T.Aman-9330, Vegetables-548,Mustard-220,Potato-95

Debhata 3,035 Total- 1388, T. Aman- 1225

8,360 14,659 25,370 T.Aman-5350,Vegetables-500.Mustard-1250,Potato-275

Tala 6,300 Total- 4848, T. Aman- 2000

54,100 21,895 64,075 T.Aman-8340,Vegetables-1110,Pusle-530,Mustard,340,Wheat-180,Potatao-450

Satkhira S.

5,800 Total- 4400, T. Aman- 3200

29,352 51,450 67,000 T.aman-18000,Vegetables-2480,Pusle-585,Mustard-2900,Wheat-460,Potatao-800

Keshabpur

3,500 Total- 2476 T. Aman- 1516

18,530 22,516 64,112 T. Aman 9373,Vegetable-560,Wheat-360,Potato-320,Chilli-255,Onion-250,Pulse-550

Monirampur

3,200 Total= 2145 T. Aman= 1680

18,850 63,539 133,278 T.Aman25500,Vegetables-3135,Mustard-1310,Pulse-1425,Potato-300,Oil-Seed-350

* Area inundated information only gives an estimate of crop land inundated not the actual land area.

In case of the affected Unions, the focus

groups reported that the last T. Aman

production in November/December

2011 was much less than normal

production due to damage of seed beds.

During the flood when farmers were

fully or partially affected by damaged

Aus production, the T. Aman was their

post flood crop before cultivating Boro.

Although overall 22.27 percent T. Aman

producing lands were damaged, the

farmers harvested the T. Aman where

the scenario varied in different Upazilas

ranging from 60-100%. Based on the

production trend, T. Aman rice

production (clean rice) ranged from 2.6

to 2.9 MT/ha.

7%

21%

43%

29%

Boro Status

25% of normal production

26-50% of normal production


More than 75% of normal production

Page | 8

50%

15%

14%

7%

14%

Turmeric

Not turmeric producing area Planting not possible

Limited quantity

Moderate

Normal

In case of Boro paddy communities reported that on average the yield per acre was quite good.

However, all the cultivable lands could not be brought under Boro production which has brought

down the total production to some extent. Thirty percent of the FGDs response shows that they had

less than 50 percent of a normal Boro harvest, whereas for majority the Boro production was 50 to

75 percent of a normal production. On top of the low yield of Boro, the farmers did not receive a fair

price for the crop, which was the case for the Boro farmers throughout the country. Combining both

yield and price shows a marked reduction of net profit for a farmer. This reduced profit is very likely

to have an impact on investment capacity for the planting of upcoming Aus and Aman crops. A cost

return estimate based on the information on average agricultural input cost and net selling price

per/maund (40kg) of rice during the time of field work suggests that on an average a Boro cultivator

is likely to have a profit of 4,557tk/acre if he sells the harvested paddy during the peak time.

Considering the net land owned by a marginal farmer not exceeding 1.5 acres, the profit is extremely

insufficient. Marginal farmers usually access loan from various sources to meet the expenses of Boro

cultivation and due to this reason an initial push factor to sell the harvest persists everywhere. The

limited profit will push the marginal farmers to access loans again at high interest rate for the

upcoming crops and this vicious cycle of loan and its repayment is likely to have an effect on food

expenditure.

Table 2 Average cost benefit analysis for Boro paddy reported by the marginal farmers

Besides paddy production, cash crops like turmeric and potato did not seem to be promising

enough. Fifty percent of the FGDs reported not producing the cash crops whereas 15 to 20 percent

were expecting a normal production and for the remaining 20 percent the production was moderate

to poor.

Seed

(Tk

.)

Fert

ilize

r(Tk

.)

Pes

tici

de

(T

k.)

Tilla

ge +

Irri

gati

on

(T

k.)

Lab

or

(Tk.

)

Har

vest

ing

(cu

ttin

g,

thre

shin

g &

tran

spo

rtat

ion

) (T

k.)

Yiel

d

mau

nd

/acr

e

sell

pri

ce

(las

t 2

we

ek o

f M

ay)

Gai

n /

Lo

ss (

Tk.)

1393 6374 1759 7910 5432 6171 59 574 4577

Graph 3 Turmeric potential Graph 2 Perception on Potato potential

57%

7%

7%

7%

22%

Potato Not Potato producing area

Planting not possible

Limited quantity

Moderate

Normal

Page | 9

2.1.3. Production prospect of other crops.

The communities are dubious about going for a full-fledged production of summer vegetables and Aman production due to limited investment capacity and in anticipation of another crop loss. Despite this concern communities do not have any other alternatives as agriculture is their main livelihood. Among other crops 29 percent of the communities reported that they would produce some pulse and oil seeds. As mentioned earlier Aus is a very minor crop in this area and only 7 percent FGDs suggested that there is a potential to have a moderate cultivation of Aus. For potato and turmeric the farmers reported that amount of land to be cultivated as compared to a normal season might be 35 percent.

All the following vegetables were reported to have prospect ranging from limited quantity to normal production. Notably most of these are summer vegetables which do not have much prospect. Notably, the vegetables which are regarded as high value crops i.e. brinjal, okra etc. have limited area coverage. Usually, commercial high value vegetable crop production requires significant level of wage labor. Cash crop production also depends on the suitability of land, farmer’s enthusiasm and motivation, financial ability, local demand, cost benefit ratio of the product and existing marketing facilities. As the area coverage for the forthcoming crop production has been reported to be very low this might negatively impact the market for the daily agricultural laborers. Moreover, limited summer vegetable production may also influence the dietary diversity of the people in the area which will be discussed in the food consumption chapter.

2.1.4. Assistance provided

No assistance is provided either from government or donors or NGOs (international and national) to

the affected crop farmers for agricultural production. 7419 farmers out of 132,552 affected farmers

in the studied Upazilas were supported for Aus, Aman or Nerika paddy production by the DAE. The

support package usually consisted of seed and fertilizer.

Graph 4 Potential of different vegetables in the affected area

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Indian Spinach

Red Amaranth

Brinjal Cabbage Okra Spinach Stem Amaranth

Yard long bean

Pointed gourd

Country Bean

% o

f ar

eas

like

ly p

rod

uce

Vegetable potential

Page | 10

50%

33%

17%

Major reasons if unable to plant major crops

Do not have sufficient money to purchase inputs

Flood risk

Swith to gher 77%

15%

8%

Source of money for planned crops

MFI

Money lender

Own saving

2.1.5. Major constraints

Limited resources to invest in agriculture followed by risk of flood in the coming monsoon were

identified as the major two constraints in the FGDs. Fifty percent of the communities suggested that

money is their main problem for the upcoming crop production. In response to the various sources

on investment over 80 percent of the respondent groups were likely to have loans from micro-

finance institutions and money lenders. This raises the question on the viability on the investment

and as very often the return on investment may be spent on repaying back the interest of the loan.

2.2. Livestock Sector

2.2.1. Background

One of the coping strategies that households followed was selling of poultry and livestock (animal

assets) at a lower price. Feed and shelter for the livestock became extremely challenging for

marginal households and damage done by the flood has not yet been recovered. Twenty one

percent of the focus groups reported that they have partly recovered their livestock and the rest

have not recovered at all. As livestock subsector often contributes in regular income for the marginal

households the situation has worsened the monetary flow for these households. It should be noted

that the local chicken and duck farming is based on indigenous techniques i.e. usually on scavenging

basis with no or very less disease control measures. Insufficient measures for controlling diseases,

high livestock and poultry feed price, lack of training and marketing facilities supplies and services

are the main constraints to move forward.

2.2.2. Damages

Satkhira district under Khulna Division was the most affected by losses (around 142,800 heads of

chickens, 4381 heads of ducks, 62800 heads of cows, 58500 goats, 1280 sheep, 180 buffalos) due to

water logging as reported by the Department of Livestock Services (DLS). This excludes the value of

the affected animal sheds and other available feeds. The infrastructural losses were estimated

around Tk. 21.7 million. Moreover, the figures could increase as the livestock’s are now more

susceptible to diseases due to various stress and lack of feed.

Graph 6 Major constraints to plant upcoming crops

Graph 5 Source of money for the planned crops

Page | 11

2.2.3. Current situation

The economic losses of the farmers were high as they were forced to sell their livestock and poultry

stocks in low price. Most farmers could not start restocking of livestock and poultry which needed

cash. They were expecting cash from future crop sale, asset sale or land lease or borrowing money

from local sources (bank or NGOs or private). They farmers, specially the landless, marginal and

small farmers who lost crops in addition to livestock, poultry and fisheries need support for recovery.

2.2.4. Future prospect

The livestock sub-sector offers considerable employment opportunities in Satkhira as elsewhere in

the country, particularly for the rural poor. Small-scale livestock rearing provided self-employment

to some 3 million rural women between 1993 and 20023. Post-flood rehabilitation programme needs

to be undertaken to support this livestock sub-sector providing inputs, infrastructure materials and

loans on low/soft interest. There is promising possibility of raising livestock and poultry in affected

Upazilas of Satkhira compared to crop production which are mostly affected due to salinity in land..


No assistance from the DLS except advisory services was provided. In some of the Upazilas they

provided vaccines and the medicines. No supports from NGOs or donors were noticed.

2.3. Fisheries sector

2.3.1. Background

In coastal areas of Satkhira, fisheries and aquaculture represent the main livelihoods. A sizable

percentage of rural/costal population is directly or indirectly involved in fisheries. With prevalence of

brackish water facilitates, the aquaculture sector (shrimp cultivation mainly) represents major

livelihood opportunity in the area where the annual pattern is shrimp-fallow-Boro. As mentioned

earlier almost 43% of the communities in the studied area reported that they do not produce Aman

as those are dedicated shrimp area. Shrimp/fish ghers generate a significant demand of labor

especially in the preparatory phases i.e. earth works, liming and lining, etc. Places which are shrimp

area and have a poor outlook in this year are in a highly vulnerable situation for the poorer wage

labor households.

2.3.2. Damages

The main damages of water logging occurred

to fish pond and shrimp ghers in Satkhira

district. In fisheries sector carp ponds and

ghers of shrimp were inundated. The

Department of Fisheries (DoF) of Satkhira

estimated that the financial loss due to

inundation stands at Tk. 3014.717 million,

affecting around 27,967 fishers and fishermen.

2.3.3. Current situation

During the primary fieldwork, it was observed

that the gher farmers are preparing the field

3Danida, 2002 Report

Graph 7 Shrimp/fish outlook

29%

7%

36%

21%

7%

Shrimp/fish outlook Not shrimp/fish area

Production not possible

20% of normal production


More than 50% of normal production

Page | 12

for the rainy season which creates employment for the wage laborer. However, along with the

community people, local fisheries officer of all the study areas mentioned that there is an outbreak

of diseases in bagda shrimp ghers and this may aggravate the situation. Community perception

suggests that only 7% of the areas probably will experience a normal production and other shrimp

growing areas are likely to have a moderate or limited production. It was also reported that the last

flood has left a huge number of gher owners in debt and as the rivers have not been dredged so

there is an uncertainty about making further investment which may wash away if there is slightly

more rain than usual.


No assistance from the DoF except advisory services has been provided. No support from NGOs or

donors was noticed.

Page | 13

Table 3Reporting from Key Informant interviewees on different areas on fisheries

Key Informants Is there any recent outbreak of disease in case of aquaculture or in ghers

Availability and access to fisheries feed and medicines

Any assistance provided to the gher and fish pond owners by your Department

Name unions worst affected in terms of damage to fishery

Mr. Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Assistant Fisheries Officer, Asasuni Upazila, Satkhira

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but for bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water because water levels of the ghers are very low.

Feed are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.

Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but no assistance was provided.

Kulla, Dorgapur, Kadakhali, Sapnali, Budhata- severely affected and Assasuni is partly affected.

Mr. Md. Badruzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Debhata Upazila, Satkhira

No disease for carp and fin fishes but shrimp mortality happened. Prevalence of viral disease is about 10%. Major mortality happened due to low water level, higher water temperature and PH values.

Feeds are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.


Kulia, Parulia and Noapara are severly affected whereas Debhata and Shakhipur are lightly affected.

Mr. Md. Abdul Bari, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer and Mr. Md. Bazlur Rahman Sarder, Assistant Fisheries Officer, Tala Upazila, Satkhira.



Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but nothing was provided accordingly. Some assistance through Aila project was provided to some of the affected people.

Tetulia, Islamkathi, Tala sadar, Jalalpur, Dhandia, Nagargata, Kumira- are severely affected whereas Khalil Nagar, Kholishkhali, Khesra, Magura and Sorolia are partially affected.

Mr. Md. Abdul Wadud, District Fisheries Officer, Satkhira; Mr. Nirmal Kumar Ghose, Assistant Fisheries, Satkhira Sadar,

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main

Feeds are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore.


Alipur, Dhulihor, Daubhanga, Balli, Labsha and Fingri- are severely affected while Bashdaha, Pushkhali, Baikali, Buna, Shibpur, Homra,

Page | 14

Key Informants Is there any recent outbreak of disease in case of aquaculture or in ghers




Satkhira reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water.

Medicines are not available because these are not used.

Brahmarajpur, Agardadhi - are partially affected.

Mr. Md. Hadiuzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Mr. Md. Alamgir Kabir, Assistant Fisheries Officer and Mr. Md. AmanUllah, Extension Officer, Keshabpur Upazila, Jessore.

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water.

Limited feeds are generally used in fish culture. But for golda and bagda culture nothing is used. Feeds are available locally. Medicines are not available because these are not used.


Bidhyanandakathi, Shagar Dari, SufalaKathi, Gauribona- are severely affected while Trimohini, Pajia, Mangalkot, Mazidpur gram and Keshabpur - are partially affected.

Mr. H. M. Badruzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Monirampur, Jessore.

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported.

Limited feeds are generally used. Feeds are available locally but if required more they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.


Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Nehalpur, Durbadanga, Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim Nagar, Japa, Horihornagar and Chaluahati- are severely affected while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur are partially affected.

Mr. Md. Ramjan Ali, DFO, Jessore; Mr. Md. MizanurRahman, Project Director, Bhabodah Project; Mr. Bishwajit Bairagi, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer, Jessore Sadar Upazila, Jessore.

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water.



Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Nehalpur, Durbadanga, Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim Nagar, Jhanpa, Horihornagar and Chaluahati- are severely affected while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur are partially affected.

Page | 15

Key findings

1. Generally all the major livelihoods are moving towards recovery though fish farmers and

laborers claimed that their recovery has not been satisfactory.

2. Since this has been a post Boro harvest assessment people had sufficient money in their

hand but they were also fearfully anticipating the coming lean season especially in the

areas where Aman is not produced substantially (43% communities).

3. Expenditure on food followed by repayment of loan, shelter repair and medicine has been

reported to be the major expenditure sectors. Over the past months women and children

also contributed to the household income which is not a normal scenario. Over 71

percent of the FGDs reported that they have sent their children to work in brick field,

agricultural field and rickshaw van pulling. However, agricultural wage of children and

women laborer remained extremely low. Compared to that of a male laborer, a child

laborer and a female laborer received over 60 percent and 30 percent less respectively.

4. Boro price shock has left the marginal farmer with no additional money to invest for the

upcoming crops. However, agricultural day laborers who are net buyers of the rice have

been benefitting from this low rice price and currently the terms of trade in terms of rice

are almost similar to pre flood time which is around 6.3 kg. However, this is a seasonal

scenario. Usually in the coming months the agricultural wage rates will drop despite the

Aman planting season (Aman wage are less than Boro wage) and the rice price will go up.

5. There are pocket areas where T. Aman is not cultivated as these are predominantly gher

areas. Despite this, Aman planting is not a labor intensive production therefore does not

provide extensive livelihood opportunities.

6. In general, both marginal farmer and wage labor households are in a vulnerable situation

as the major rivers have not been dredged and excessive rainfall in the monsoon will

again create water logging.

CHAPTER 3

3. Food Accessibility

3.1. Livelihoods recovery status This follow up assessment was conducted immediately after the Boro harvest which is normally a

lean season for the agricultural wage laborer. On the other hand, this is the time when agricultural

wage laborers also have food and cash stock as wage during Boro harvesting time is the highest

Page | 16

-

20

40

60

80

100

% o

f FG

D r

esp

on

se

Major livelihoods status

Not affected

No recovered

Moderately normal

Fully normal

amongst all the agricultural

seasons. Communities reported

that slowly all the major

livelihoods of the vulnerable

groups are coming back to

normal situation. Recession of

water and the Boro season made

a positive impact for both the

marginal farmers as well as the

agricultural day laborers. On the

other hand the status of the non-

agriculture laborer and petty

traders also has had notable

progress. Response on the

fisheries related occupations

shows a slow pace of recovery due to a number of reasons. One reason is that the last few months

have remained extremely dry and the flow of water from upstream rivers in the coastal rivers was

marginal. On the other hand, most of the ponds/ ghers became dry. Hence, this is a usual dry season

picture of fishing sector in the area.

3.2. State of agricultural labor households Generally, households dependent on income from agricultural day labor are vulnerable due to their

limited ownership and access to agricultural land. Most of their income comes from wage they get

working for other tenant households. In case of Satkhira, the number of small agricultural

households has doubled in last 12 years from 37 percent to 55 percent. This particular feature has a

number of connotations. At one end, the capacity to invest in high value commercial crops is limited,

and on the other side, due to very small/no savings they are pushed towards negative coping

strategies such as migration, reducing quality and quantity of food consumption \ when natural

calamities devastates their small crop holdings. In addition to this, the non-farm holdings find it

difficult to manage work locally due to crowding out effect in local labor market.

Table 4 Change in agricultural wage labor holdings

From last August to till now, overall agricultural sector has experienced only a full productive season

of Boro. So the labor cushion that the sector usually creates has not happened yet as other prime

sectors like shrimp/fish production has only partially recovered. Due to this reason, small farm

Items 1996 2008

All Holding

s

Non-farm

Holdings

Farm Holdings All Holdings

Non-farm

Holdings

Farm Holdings

Total Small Medium

Large Total Small Medium

Large

Agri. Households

116627 54863 61764 59051 2515 198 224219 100428 123791 112998 9592 1201

Percentage 100 47.04 52.95 95.60 4.07 0.32 100 44.79 55.20 91.28 7.748 0.97

Percent of All Holdings

38.29 52.46 30.88 37.18 7.15 3.26 54.10 59.60 50.34 54.57 28.62 22.50

Source: Agriculture Census, 2008. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.

Graph 8 Status of major livelihoods

Page | 17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Already resumed

Between one and

two months

Between two and

three months

In more than three

months

Don’t know

Re

spo

nse

%

Time required for recovery

1st rank response % 2nd rank response %

holders and non-farm holders have been experiencing a chronic shortage of capital which has been

reported as the main constraint to revive the livelihoods. Key reasons are crowding out effect in local

labor market and lack of operating capital to start the small scale livelihoods options.

Graph 9 Key constraints in reviving livelihoods

One of the aspects that persist across all the communities is the uncertainty rooted in the lack of

water carrying capacity of the rivers. While exploring the perception on the time frame required for

full recovery of the major livelihoods they mentioned about the uncertainty looming as the rivers

have not been dredged. Moreover, a number of canals have been excavated through cash for work

program by a number of agencies. Now these canals are deeper than the linked rivers and the sluice

gates of these canals are still ineffective. If it rains more than ‘normal’ then it is very much likely that

the canals may not carry out the water

from the fields. Apparently, marginal

farmers have no other way out then to

invest in T. Aman paddy and they are

very much uncertain on the fate of this

crop.

Above all, the post-harvest situation

should be considered in case of drawing

any conclusion. At present the price of

clean coarse rice is perhaps lowest

comparing the prices in last few years.

Moreover, the primary fieldwork was

conducted immediately after the

harvesting and during this time usually

labor households earn more money

comparing to other months. The

entourage of low rice price and income

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Pond for shrimp farming still under water

Surplus labour Lack of money to buy input for

agriculture

Lack of money to buy input for

fisheris

Lack of money to buy livestock

other (specify)

% r

esp

on

se in

eac

h r

anki

ng

Key constraints in reviving livelihoods

Key Constraint-Rank 1 Key Constraint-Rank 2 Key Constraint-Rank 3

Graph 10 Time required for full recovery of the livelihoods

Page | 18

32%

16% 6%

30%

16%

Setorwise involvement of children U 15

Agri wage labour

Van/Ricskaw

Earth work

Miscellaneous

36%

19%

4%

10%

31%

Sectorwise employment by women

Agri wage

CFW

CFT

Handicraft

Miscellaneous

from the Boro harvest has significantly increased the buying capacity of rice for the labor

households. On the other hand, a gradual positive change can be seen in terms of wage comparing

the peak flood and December scenarios.

Table 5 Terms of Trade (ToT) in terms of rice purchasing capacity

Before flood June 2011

Peak flood/ August 2011

Dec-11 May-12

% change now & Before flood

% change now & peak flood

% change now & Dec.

Agri wage (Tk/day) 200 100 129 136 -46.8 26.6 5.5

Non-agri wage (Tk/day)

210 50 136 169 -24.0 70.5 19.6

Rice price (Tk/Kg) 32.63 36.9 28 25 -29.2 -46.0 -9.9

ToT ag day labourer (Kg rice)

6.1 2.7 4.6 5.1 -20.2 46.8 9.0

ToT, non ag day labourer (Kg rice)

6.4 1.5 4.9 6.3 -2.4 75.6 21.9

3.3. State of children and female day laborer In all communities it has been reported that female contribute a considerable proportion of income.

Moreover, 71% of the communities suggested that they have sent children to work. Women and

children work in diversified labor intensive sectors for a low wage. Average wage for children is

around 50-70 taka depending on the nature and type of work. Average wage for women is also

found to be the same except activities by the agencies.

Around 1/3 of the child and female labors work in agricultural sectors and around 23% of women

been employed through the CFT/CFW activities. Women are also involved in work like earth work,

gher, mason helper, hair collection, snail collection, fishing, domestic help etc. In case of children it is

alarming that their involvement in hazardous work e.g. work in brick fields is significant. Other major

employment sectors are domestic help, mango orchard, restaurant, tutoring, micro business, brick

field, van rickshaw pulling.

Graph 11 Sector-wise employment by women Graph 12 Sector-wise employment by Children

Page | 19

3.4. Alternate livelihoods for laborers and marginal farmers As mentioned earlier that the major livelihoods are slowly coming back to normal situation. During

last few months all the vulnerable households had to seek employment from alternative sources.

Migration seems to be the most

significant alternative that the

households usually adopt. 100% of

the communities reported that

they migrated when they could not

find work at local level.

Employment generation activity by

the agencies has contributed

significantly and is the 2nd most

important source that provided the

households with employment.

Other options like loan, purchase

food on credit have also been taken

by some of the households.

3.5. Price of basic staples While ToT i.e. real income in terms of rice purchasing capacity has significantly increased prices of

other basic staples have also had a sharp increase. Comparing the prices in four different points

shows that except rice all the price of basic commodities have increased. This price hike in general

has influenced the dietary practice of all the vulnerable households. Apart from fresh fish all other

basic staples is linked with national level commodity supply chains and as long as the road transport

communication and local physical market remains functional these prices will continue to fluctuate

with national market prices. On the other hand, during flood and water recession time the price of

fresh fish was very much reasonable and households could even catch fish from water bodies

around.

Graph 13 Alternative sources of livelihoods

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

% o

f co

mm

un

itie

s re

po

rte

d

Alternative Source of Employment

Page | 20

Graph 14 Price trend of basic staples

3.6. Expenditure in vulnerable households Sector-wise expenditure reveals that the major expenditure source is food followed by medicine,

shelter repair and repayment of loans. It was widely discussed in the FGDs that most of the

vulnerable households accessed loans from local money lender during the time of flood as MFIs

stopped providing the loan and also stopped collecting installments for some time. Latter, when

water receded these groups once again started accessing the loans of MFIs to pay back the loan and

interest to the money lenders. This cycle is still continuing and a major portion of their income is

going back to the MFIs. As most of the vulnerable households are now in this cycle of loan, so it is

likely that any small cash grant may end up in repaying loans. On the other hand, specific

interventions designed to generate year round income may result in better capacity to manage

these loans.

Graph 15 Major expenditure sectors of vulnerable HHs

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Local Rice Wheat/flour Fresh fish(small)

Masur Soybean oil salt potato

Tk/k

g Price trend of basic staples

Jun-11

Aug-11

Dec-11

May-12

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Food Medicine Repair shelter

Recovery of livelihood

Purchase of agricultural

inputs

Repayment of loan

Children’s’ education

Others

Sectorwise expenditure

1st rank

2nd rank

3rd rank

Page | 21

Key findings:

1. Seven percent of the FGDs reported to have poor food consumption score (FCS) even after

the post-harvest period. In August the rate was 10 percent and in December no

communities were detected with poor food consumption mainly due to food assistance

programmes and availability of fish in the open water. At present 57% of the FGDs

responded that they belong to the borderline category which was only 38% in December

and 18% in August.

2. General improvement of dietary diversity in terms of rice, milk and milk product, and

pulses and meal frequency in terms of rice consumption bears a signature mark of a post-

harvest assessment. However, due to high prices of protein, especially fish the overall FCS

has deteriorated due to lack of protein consumption.

3. There is an improvement in meal frequency across all age groups compared to that of

August 2011. However, concerns remain over significant reduction of meal frequency of

the pregnant and lactating mother and under five children comparing the last December.

4. Consumption of rice has increased significantly and currently per person consumption is

over 2.5 kg which was less than 2 kg in December. In August 2011 the rice consumption

was reported to be 2.4 Kg. The Agricultural wage laborers who are the net buyers of rice

are spending 94 percent of their income after rice. As the price of basic staple declined the

prices of other basic food commodities shot up like oil, pulse and potato affecting the

quality and quantity of the food basket.

5. Much recovery has been made in terms of access to safe drinking water. However, there

are significant portion of areas where it takes more than one hour to fetch water.

6. Improvement in using sanitary latrine has been reported. However, open defecation and

unsafe children’s feces disposal practice has remained as a critical health threat to the

overall wellbeing of the communities. Immediate attention is required.

7. Prevalence of gut parasites and water borne disease has remained very high. Status of

worm infection also a very high threat to utilization of food by different age groups.

CHAPTER 4

4. Food Consumption and Utilization

Page | 22

10% 0% 7%

18% 38%

57%

72% 61% 36%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

August Dec-11 May-12

Food Consumption Score

Poor score: ≤ 28 Borderline score: >28 to ≤ 42

Acceptable score: 43-52

6.7

0.6

0.3

4.8

4.6

2.9

6.1

0.4

0.0

1.3

4.1

2.0

1.5

3.2

6

1.4

0

6.8

3

5.2

5.6

2.2

0

0.4

0.4

0

0.2

2

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

Rice

Wheat

Other cereals

Potatoes

Pulses

Vegetables

Edible oil

Fish

Meat, poultry

Egg

Milk & milk product

Fruits

Sugar, molasses (gur)

Condi & spices

Diet Diversity

Dec-12

May-12

4.1. Food consumption and nutrition Comparing FCSs of August, December

and May shows that there is a gradual

shift from acceptable scores towards

borderline score. At present 57% of the

FGDs responded that they belong to the

borderline category which was only 38%

in December and 18% in August. One of

the reasons is the protein intake has

reduced over the time especially fish

that was abundant during the time of

flood. Moreover, in first few months

after flood there were ongoing food

assistance programs from a number of

agencies. It should be reiterated here

that among all households in Satkhira,

54% is agricultural wage dependent households and these FGDs were also conducted among them.

FCS also suggests that the overall nutritional security is worsening for majority of the vulnerable

groups.

4.2. Diet diversity and frequency The graph below has been generated tabulating weekly consumption of 14 food groups by

vulnerable households. Comparing the current household dietary diversity with that of the month of

December shows that positive changes occurred in case of rice, spices, sugar, milk and milk product,

and pulses. On the other hand, protein and vegetable consumption reduced significantly. The high

protein consumption in December was an inflated scenario due to availability of fish in the open

waters and free pulse distribution by agencies providing external assistance. These households

usually buy ‘anchor’ pulse which is a low quality, low priced imported pulse. Moreover, the price of

potato has increased significantly within just last 2 months and reduction of the price of rice also

Graph 16 Food Consumption Score

Graph 17 Diet diversity

Page | 23

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Before flood Peak flood (August)

December Now

gm/p

ers

on

Kg/

HH

Rice requirement and consumption

Average rice consumption in Kg/household

Average rice in gram/person/day

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

Intra household meal frequency

May-12

Dec-11

Aug-11

contributed in higher amount of carbohydrate consumption.

A significant improvement is visible in case of rice consumption. Across vulnerable and female group

FGDs it was reported that an average

household (5 to 6 members) consumed

around 2.7 kg of rice per day. Comparing this

information with before flood, during flood

and/ December scenario shows that

households are consuming even more than

they usually consumed last June. The income

from the recent Boro harvest, low rice price

and marginal farmers having crop stock at

home are possible reasons for such good

consumption of rice. Moreover, wage

laborers also reported that they can find

work on an average 4 days per week

therefore their average income per month is

Taka 2241 which is higher than December

income of Taka 1560. Considering

requirement of around 70 kg rice per

household, estimated 94% of the income is

spent on rice procurement. As households especially the marginal farmers may have some stock at

home from last Boro harvest so the proportion of expenditure on rice may be lower in recent times.

Despite the reduced expenditure in rice the overall expenditure in food was reported to be high in

section 3.6. The increased price of oil, pulse, salt and potato the basic food items for the poor

households have contributed to the increased expenditure on food. In the upcoming lean season the

rice consumption will decline.

4.3. Intra household food consumption There is an improvement in meal

frequency across all age groups

compared to that of August

2011.However, concerns remain over

significant reduction of meal frequency

of the pregnant and lactating mother and

under five children comparing the last

December. Meal frequency for the adult

male and female is almost the same

having 2 and a half meal per day.

Throughout the affected areas several

patterns of meal cooking practice have

been reported. In some areas,

households usually prepare food 2 times

a day whereas in some parts it is 3 times.

The general practice is to have the

Graph 18 Rice consumption change per households and per person

Graph 19 Intra-household meal frequency

Page | 24

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1st rank 2nd rank 1st rank 2nd rank

Dec-11 May-12

% r

epo

nse

fro

m t

he

com

mu

nit

ies

Source of water

Supplied water

Tubewell

Open water body

Rain water

DTW/STW

leftovers of the dinner of previous night or in another way, rice cooked overnight and kept steeped

in water to consume in the morning.

4.4. Water and Sanitation

4.4.1. Source of water

Significant improvement has been seen in terms of access to safe water4 by households in the

affected areas. While around 89% of the communities were accessing safe water in the month of

December, it has increased up to 96% by end of May. This statistics also surpasses the estimates of

Household Food Security and Nutrition Survey (HFSNA) 2009 showing 94.8 % of households’ access

safe water. Depending on the frequency of rain, households also reported that they use rain water

whenever it is available. Apart from drinking, households generally use water from ponds and/open

water bodies to wash utensils and household members also generally bath in open water bodies.

4.4.2. Time to fetch water

Around 70% of the households can now fetch drinking water within 30 minutes which was

only 20% during December. Most of the

water points have been repaired and

contributed in reducing the time to collect

water. On the other hand, it should also be

considered seriously that where 96% of the

communities are accessing tube-well water

and the aggregate amount of time spent by

women to fetch water is huge. At present

32% of the communities spend more than

30 minutes to fetch water. In some of the

areas which are predominantly shrimp

farming (gher) areas the scarcity of water is

still very high and women spent more than

4 The definition of safe water considers quality, quantity and sustainability criteria as its basic components. However, in this assessment source of water has been used as the key indicator assuming that the access to tube well water is the safest source that the households generally access.

Graph 20 Source of water in the households

Graph 21 Children’s' feces disposal practice

7%

36%

36%

21%

Childrens feces disposal Safe disposal Place where people dump waste Bush In water body

Page | 25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Tubewell Hygeniec materia;

Water storage

jar

Sanitary Latrine

Sufficient water

Safe place for

bath

Other (DTW)

% o

f co

mm

un

itie

s re

po

rted

WaSH priorities

Male 1st Priorities Male 2nd Priorities

Female 1st Priorities Female 2nd Priorities

one hour to collect drinking water for the household and 7% of the communities spend such

amount of time.

4.4.3. Defecation point and feces disposal practice of the communities

Across communities significant positive change has been made towards using sanitary latrine. During

the month of December 35% of the communities were using open defecation as their most common

practice which has reduced to less than 3%. However, cumulative use of hanging/open latrine, pit

latrine and open defecation is still around 20% which is perhaps one of the key reasons of higher

incidence of diarrheal diseases. On the other hand, in case of children’s feces disposal in only 7% of

the cases people use the safe disposal technique and in 93% of cases this is practiced in open spaces

posing higher threat to human health.

4.4.4. WaSH priorities

While setting up priorities in WaSH, male participants in FGDs emphasized mainly on tube

well and sanitary latrine

whereas female participants

prioritized having a sanitary

latrine for the household

should as females faces

difficulty accessing common

latrine facilities and they also

do no practice open

defecation as males do.

Moreover some marginal

households reported that

they sold out or lost the

water storage utensils during

the flood and till date could

Graph 22 Defecation point access trend

Graph 23 WaSH priorities of male and female

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank 1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank

Dec-11 May-12

% o

f p

eop

le

Defecation point

Sanitary Latrine (family)

Sanitary Latrine (public)

Damaged family latrine

Damaged public latrine

Hanging/open latrine

Open Defecation

Others (pit latrine)

Page | 26

0

20

40

60

80

100

Dec-11 May-12 Dec-11 May-12

Adut Children

% r

esp

on

se

Symptom/result of undernutrition

Tiredness Palor of skin Anemia Lower weight Others

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dec-11 May-12 Dec-11 May-12

Children disease Adult disease

% o

f co

mm

un

itie

s re

po

rted

Disease prevalance

Diarrhoea

cold and fever

skin disease

Gastric/ulcer

Pneumonia

Others

not buy any metal water storage jar.

4.4.5. Prevalence of gut parasites

93% percent of the communities reported worm prevalence and among those communities

14 percent reported to have extreme prevalence. Based on the community reporting such

prevalence is quite high which has strong linkage with underutilization of food and may

have linkage with other symptoms of under-nutrition. At one hand, food consumption score

is moving toward borderline status, and on the other hand there is possibility that whatever

they are consuming cannot utilized due to higher prevalence of gut parasites. It should be

noted that while deworming is done for the school going children and has been

incorporated in the national immunization programme, community level deworming is not

done.

4.4.6. Symptom/result of under nutrition

General perception on common

symptoms and results of under-

nutrition has been collected from all

the communities. There is a common

perception that both adult and children

have been having the same problem of

‘tiredness’. Another major perception is

‘lower weight’ of children. However, it

should be noted that this assessment

did not carry out any proper nutrition

measurements like MUAC or

anthropometry. Women also reported

to have observed anemia among

children and adults.

4.4.7. Common diseases

Perceptions on common diseases clearly

suggest the overall hygiene and

sanitation situation has a direct linkage

with high level of diarrhea among

children and adult and this has not

changed much compared to situation in

December. Even in this dry season when

on an average 96% of the communities

reported to have accessing tubewell

water, there seems to be a common

hygiene problem across all the

communities. Another major perception

Graph 24 Symptom and/ or result of under-nutrition

Graph 25 Prevalence of diseases among adults and children

Page | 27

was found to be cold and fever which communities suggested to have been linked with the

‘seasonal change’, high temperature and humidity. Wide prevalence of skin diseases have

been reported in many communities, especially in the areas where marginal people work in

ghers It was claimed that the water of the ghers have become contaminated as well as the

waters of the open water bodies which they use for bathing.

Page | 28

CHAPTER 5

5. Coping strategies, priorities and needs

5.1. Coping strategies Throughout Bangladesh vulnerable households adopt a diverse range of strategies to cope with

different shocks. Coping strategy index (CSI) has been used earlier5 in Bangladesh and elsewhere to

understand the severity and vulnerability of different socio-economic groups. This particular

assessment collected only the general coping strategies adopted by the vulnerable groups in last few

months. If adaptive strategy is employed compromising the asset of the households than that

particular coping strategy may also affect future livelihoods security. The following graph shows that

the number of response on selling asset (land, tree), or purchase food on credit is less. These types

of strategies have potential to affect the livelihoods security. The most practiced strategies were

reduction of meal size and female adults eating less, which are commonly practiced coping

strategies in lean seasons throughout Bangladesh.

Graph 26 Coping strategies adopted by the households

5 Socio-economic Profiles of WFP Operational areas & Beneficiaries, 2006, pg 90.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Reduced meal size

Eat less preferred

food

Eat roadside

vegetables etc

Male adults eat less to

feed children

Female adults eat

less to feed children;

Selling advanced

labour

Purchase food on credit

Migration Send children to

work

Selling land/tree

% o

f co

mm

un

itie

s re

po

rte

d

Coping Strategies Adopted

1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank

Page | 29

5.2. Priority Needs of the Community In all the FGDs a simple exercise was done by the participants to identify the short term (within 2 months), medium term (2 to 6 months) and long term

(more than 6 months) priority needs. While considering the needs participants emphasized that broad agricultural sector is the key sector that needs to be

revived as this sector (crop and fish) employs wage labor based households. Marginal farmers also considered the imminent risks of flooding and

emphasized on assistance for flood water drainage system revival. Major response came on issues of resumption of livelihoods activities, lack of capital to

continue agriculture in the upcoming season as well as other non-crop investments e.g. shelter, small business. A significant percentage of response came

on food assistance in medium term, IGAs that can generate year round income and various cash grants.

Graph 27 Short, Medium and Long term priority needs of the vulnerable groups

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

re

sum

pti

on

of

live

liho

od

act

ivit

ies

See

d f

or

agri

cult

ura

l pro

du

ctio

n

Oth

er

agri

cult

ura

l in

pu

ts

She

lte

r

ch

ildre

n r

etu

rn t

o s

cho

ol

He

alth

Car

e

Foo

d

Acc

ess

to

cle

an d

rin

kin

g w

ate

r

Sho

rt t

erm

fin

anci

al s

up

po

rt

IGA

Bab

y fo

od

Gra

nt

for

fish

eri

es

Gra

nt

for

live

sto

ck

Co

oki

ng

ute

nsi

ls

Hav

e f

loo

d w

ate

r d

rain

age

sys

tem

re

vive

d

San

itar

y la

trin

e

Vill

age

infr

astr

uct

ure

de

velo

pm

en

t

Flo

od

sh

elt

er

Sch

oo

l fe

ed

ing

pro

g.

War

m c

loth

es

% r

esp

on

se

Priority Needs of Vulnerable Groups

Short term needs Medium term needs Long term needs

Page | 30

5.3. Population and Areas in Need of Assistance This assessment had detail consultative workshops with all the UzDMC and UDMC members in all

the selected Upazila under study. Discussion was facilitated in a way where the elected

representatives of the people as well as different officials of various government departments could

reach consensus on the areas which still require external assistance. Identification of area was done

using 3 criteria; percent of population affected due to flood, Boro paddy harvest status and Aman

paddy potential. Severity score was given using the following matrix. Score 1 was given for least

affected, score 2 for medium level affect and score 3 for worst level of affected for that specific

criteria. The exercise considered all the Unions of the affected Upazilas rather than only the study

Unions. When the total score for a specific Union was found to be more than 8 (at least two criteria

shows worst, and another criteria can be medium level to worst affected)

Table 6 Area identification criteria matrices

Criteria 0-33% 34-66% 67-100%

% of population affected 1 2 3 Boro harvest comparing with normal production 3 2 1 Aman potential 3 2 1 Note: 1= least affected, 2=medium affected, 3= worst affected

By using this matrix, the following livelihood and demographic table has been generated for the

priority areas. Total 16 Unions have been identified as priority areas for assistance- 10 unions are in

Satkhira and 6 unions in Jessore.

The population in need in these 16 priority unions was estimated based on following method.

1. Number of marginal farmers in need of agricultural assistance was estimated.

2. Number of highly food insecure vulnerable households without any agricultural land and

regular income were estimated for livelihood support.

3. Number of children under five and PLWs in these marginal farm and vulnerable households

were estimated for nutrition support.

HFSNA 20096 estimated that 23 percent of the total population in Khulna division is agricultural and

non-agricultural laborers who are functionally landless, and 17 percent are marginal farmers. On the

other hand based on the recent assessment report 8% of the FGD groups identified them as

chronically food insecure and 50 percent of the marginal farmers mentioned they need assistance

for the upcoming agricultural seasons.

In total 16500 households have been identified in need of external assistance in the 16 priority

Unions of which 8500 are marginal farmers who need support to recover their livelihoods and 8000

are chronically food insecure households with no regular employment. Out of these total 16500

households, 2500 children under five and PLWs need assistance under integrated mother and child

nutrition programme.

6HFSNA 2009.

Page | 31

Short-term Response Strategy Logic:

The following table justifies the different types of proposed short response.

Response Type

Beneficiaries Type

Duration Logic




1. Marginal farmers experienced a price shock in Boro and could not save to invest in the upcoming crops.

2. As T. Aman preparation is underway by the time intervention starts farmers will have already planted the crop by accessing micro-finance or local money lenders indicated by them. Most of the marginal farmers, if not all, are already in an indebted situation and this usually drains out the inward cash flow of the marginal farmers.

3. This cash support will contribute in paying back the loan for Aman cultivation or in buying other necessary inputs.

4. During lean season marginal farmers are less likely to find wage labor work. So this grant will contribute in the priority expenditures of the HHs.

Cash & food for training on IGA (It can be cash for training, food for training or cash and food for training)

Vulnerable Hh: - Female headed HHs with limited employment opportunities; - HHs with disabled heads and elderly & limited employment; -Day laborers with no agricultural lands etc.


1. Around 10% of the households are chronically food insecure due to disability, old age and/or no earning member in the HH.

2. During August to November local agriculture and fisheries subsector will create fewer employments for the wage labor and surplus labor supply is highly likely to reduce the wage.

3. Even after a generally good Boro harvest the dietary diversity has remained imbalanced and overall FCS is following a declining trend. Wage labor HHs are particularly susceptible to under-nutrition during lean season.

4. Recent experience suggests that the expenditure on non-food items has increased as an aftermath of the prolonged water logging i.e. shelter repairing, health expenditure and loans accessed during the flood till boro harvesting time. These also have contributed in less expenditure in food items.

5. Specific IGAs that requires less capital investment and have the ability to provide year round return has been prioritized by the communities. CFT will provide them the learning and investment opportunity on that specific IGA.

6. The price of the basic staples generally increases during this lean season and wage rate decreases. ToT of the labor households reduced significantly and results in a lesser quantity and quality meal consumption.

Integrated maternal

Children under 5 &

Lean season-

1. Alarmingly this assessment suggested that the meal frequency of the PLW and U 5 children has reduced

Page | 32

Response Type

Beneficiaries Type

Duration Logic

& child feeding

PLWs from the 16,500 vulnerable households to be assisted

August to November

comparing with last December. 2. As a coping strategy mothers usually consumes less to

feed children in the HHs and this also aggravates the breastfeeding capacity of the PLWs.

3. It was reported that the lactating mothers cannot breastfeed sufficiently due to poor food consumption and poor health. Again, the communities that received Food Assistance for the PLWs have mentioned about better capacity to breastfeed the babies.

4. Generally, flood affected area has a critical level of Global Acute Malnutrition prevalence and nutritional support will contribute coping with under-nutrition.

It should be noted that along with ECHO funded WFP relief and rehabilitation activities multiple

agencies7 came up with various emergency and rehabilitation work in the affected area. While at

initial level different food and non-food item assistance was provided, latter most of the assistance

in the affected area went in the form of Cash for Work and Cash for Training program. These

activities contributed a lot in terms of helping the households to expend in their own priority needs.

It should be noted that WFP alone continued its blanket supplementary feeding for the PLWs and

children under 5 till June 2012. Latter, targeted supplementary feeding through Community

Managed Nutrition Activities started instead of Blanket feeding. The CFW and CFT involving a total of

12,600 participants planned for the period up to June 2012 have been completed. During July to Dec

2012, another round of CFT will assist 3,000 most vulnerable from among the 12,600 assisted. In this

context, it should be reiterated that all of the affected area will undergo a lean season after T Aman

transplantation and regular cash earning will be significantly reduced. Hence, the proposed

interventions may act as a backstopping on the overall achievement of the rehabilitation activities.

7 Please see the annexure for agency specific activities till date.

Page | 33

Table 7 Population in need of external assistance in the selected area

Upazila Name of Unions Total HH Day labor Hh @ 23%

Marginal farm Hh (@ 17%

50% of the total marginal farmers in need of assistance

8% most food insecure Hhs in need of assistance

Total households in need of assistance

U-5 @ 12%

PLW @ 3%

Tala

Islamkati 5300 1219 901 400 500 900 110 26

Jalalpur 5700 1311 969 500 400 900 110 28

Sarulia 4900 1127 833 400 400 800 100 24

Tetulia 5200 1196 884 400 400 800 102 25

Debhata

Kulia 7140 1642 1214 600 500 1100 141 35

Noapara 6800 1564 1156 600 500 1100 134 35

parulia 7600 1748 1292 600 600 1200 150 37

Satkhira Sadar

Labsha 5770 1327 981 500 400 900 114 30

Balli 3132 720 532 300 300 600 60 15

Jhawdanga 6184 1422 1051 500 500 1000 122 30

Monirampur Khanpur 8000 1840 1360 700 600 1300 158 39

Jhanpa 6000 1380 1020 500 500 1000 118 30

Keshabpur

Trimohini 9600 2208 1632 800 800 1600 190 47

Biddanandakati 8000 1840 1360 700 600 1300 158 39

Sagardari 7000 1610 1190 600 600 1200 138 35

Sufalakati 4800 1104 816 400 400 800 95 25

101126 23258 17191 8,500 8,000 16,500 2,000 500

Page | 34

Figure 2 Map of the most priority area

Page | 35

CHAPTER 6

6. Recommendations Recommendations made in this chapter are based on following premises;

Wellbeing of all the marginal farmers and wage labor households depends on the revival of

agricultural sector. Despite the good per acreage yield of Boro rice, the affected areas could

not produce the rice to its full potential. Out of 16 high priority Unions, 9 reported that Boro

harvest was less than 40 percent of a normal year’s production. On the other hand nearly

30 percent of the FGD discussants reported that Boro price shock has put the marginal

farmers in a vulnerable situation as they do not have enough investment capacity for the

upcoming crops especially Aman.

The 2003 statistics from DAE have indicated that Aman is a predominant crop in many

Upazilas in Satkhira. However, in course of time many of the Aman paddy field has been

occupied by shrimp farming.

Though shrimp farms also provided an employment option in Satkhira, in recent times there

is limited potential for shrimp production due to disease and/or other reasons such as

capital shortage. In the 16 priority Unions the production of next Aman has been reported to

be quite low. Therefore these areas are likely to experience unemployment crisis till next

Boro plantation in November/December 2012.

As this was a post-harvest assessment so while rice consumption showed a positive trend,

overall food consumptions indicators did not show a positive trend which is expected to

deteriorated in the upcoming lean seasons with implication on child and maternal under-

nutrition. This is very much applicable for households headed by female wage laborers,

disabled and elderly heads with irregular income, households depending solely on wage

labor with no agricultural land or any other productive assets etc.

Most of the rehabilitation program i.e. CFW, CFT is going to end by the end of June/July.

Moreover in monsoon season it is not possible to carry out such interventions. Hence, it is

likely that the wage labor based households are going to face a crowding out effect in the

labor market.

In general, vulnerable households are in an indebted situation and most of their income is

spent to repay the loan and this cycle of loan has worsened since August 2011with the

inception of the water logging.

In the upcoming lean season there must be options of continued cash flows. Income

generating options should be those which generate year round income as well as requires

less capital investment.

Page | 36

A number of interventions been recommended by the communities (see graph below). All these

recommendations also clearly suggest that there is a chronic financial capital shortage among the

households and having source of regular income is their key preferred intervention. However, using

the premises mentioned earlier, the following interventions are recommended for further action;

Graph 28 Community preferred interventions

6.1. Interventions proposed by the current assessments:

6.1.1. Short to medium term:

The short term measures are proposed only for the priority areas and groups identified through this

assessment.

1. Support to rehabilitate marginal farmers, day laborers with cash grant and cash and food for

training on homestead gardening, fisheries production and poultry rearing: In areas where

Boro production has faltered substantially and Aman production is not going to be in substantial

amount and moreover small farmers are in high debt, cash grants and agricultural input support

to the marginal farmers for agricultural farming and fisheries are recommended. For vulnerable

households and agricultural day laborers food and cash for training on IGA along with disaster

preparedness, post-disaster crop management, WASH, health and hygiene is also

recommended. Most of these measures are proposed mostly for the lean season from August to

November. Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating

women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration.

In order to address the specific needs of PLWs and children 6 to 59months, blanket

supplementary feeding in the selected vulnerable households is recommended until December

2012 using a micronutrient fortified food in order to prevent a deterioration of nutritional status

in these vulnerable household members, particularly given the exacerbating factors of

inadequate amount of diet, poor water and sanitation and the risk of water-borne diseases.

Response Type Beneficiaries Type

Beneficiaries No.


Co

nti

nu

atio

n o

f C

FW

and

CFT

Cas

h G

ran

t fo

r sm

all

trad

e, l

ive

sto

ck, I

GA

Trai

nin

g fo

r IG

A w

ith

gr

ant

Agr

icu

ltu

ral I

np

ut

sup

po

rt

Flo

od

re

silie

nt

she

lte

r

Ro

ad &

dra

inag

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yste

m

Flo

od

Sh

elt

er

WA

TSA

N 0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

% r

ep

on

se

Community preferred interventions

Page | 37



8500 HHs Lean season-August to November

-Cash grant of BDT 3500 (one time distribution) - Technical support from DAE

Cash and/or food for training on IGA

Vulnerable HH: Female headed HHs with limited employment opportunities; - HHs with disabled heads and elderlies &limited employment; -Day laborers with no agricultural lands etc.

8000 HHs Lean season-August to November

Training on IGA (poultry and homestead gardening), DRR, WASH/Hygiene in 4 sessions. Per session training remuneration appox. Taka 750

Food package: preferably with pulse, oil, sugar etc. (rice excluded) Distribution: bi monthly (to reduce operational costs), one distribution must be before Eid-ul-Fitr in August Period: beginning of August and beginning of October

Integrated maternal & child feeding

Children under 5 & PLWs from the 16,500 vulnerable households to be assisted

20308children U 5= 430 PLWs


Wheat soya blend (WSB) & Nutrition training

2. Revamping WASH programme WASH indicators were found to be alarming in this area. Therefore it is recommended that the

WASH cluster takes up an assessment to revamp the WASH interventions in the affected areas.

Recently international NGOs have planned for a WASH programme for these water logged areas.

Implementation of these programmes hopefully will improve the situation.

6.1.2. Medium to long term interventions

1. Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration. The nutritional status of vulnerable household members can further deteriorated given the

exacerbating factors of inadequate amount of diet, poor water and sanitation and the risk of

water-borne diseases. In order to address the specific needs of PLWs and children 6 to

59months, blanket supplementary feeding is recommended until December 2012 using a

micronutrient fortified food. Blanket feeding is recommended in the follow up response as there

is currently limited capacity within the health sector to implement a targeted supplementary

feeding programme. For transition from blanket feeding, there should be a focus on developing

Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) within the health sector. This will

enable communities and the government to more effectively prevent and treat malnutrition and

its fluctuations between seasons and during and after disasters.

8Based on WFP’s previous experience in blanket feeding programme in Satkhira, in general12.3% of

households have PLWs and 2.6% have children under 5.

Page | 38

2. Create Employment through public works programme The prolonged flooding in Satkhira has significantly affected the livelihoods and income status of

the vulnerable households depending on marginal farming and agricultural day labor. Reviving

livelihoods still remains a challenge for the vulnerable households especially in areas where

agricultural diversity is very limited, only one major crop in a year. This also limits the access to

income with serious implication on food security and nutritional status of the vulnerable

population. In this context, creating employment opportunities in lean season is expected to

bring about sustenance in the livelihood, and food security. Employment generation through

public works programme especially canal excavation has a long lasting positive impact on local

agriculture and overall wellbeing of the community. Water carrying capacity of the rivers and

canals has been worsening and after each monsoon heavy siltation clogs the existing rivers and

canals. While major rivers are expected to be dredged by the government, the connecting canals

excavation will create employment for the marginal households. As soon as the next T. Aman

harvesting is done, preparation for special Food/ Cash for Work should be taken based on the

suitability of the specific context of the flood affected area.

3. Cage culture Homestead or community-based cage fishing is a recently developed technology which is yet to

be replicated and up-scaled in the southern delta region of Bangladesh. Here, marginal farmers

can produce seasonal and selective fish species to support and enhance their livelihoods,

especially in water-logged areas of Satkhira district. Individual cages or series of cages can be set

by the side of houses or communities next to seasonal and perennial water bodies such as deep

ponds and canal. The most encouraging species for homestead and community-based cage

fishing is mono-sex tiliapia and thai sorputi.

4. Piloting the suitability of community enterprise approach (“Daudkandi model”) for community-based floodplain fisheries management in water-logged areas This approach promotes the potential for community enterprise initiatives enabling groups of

marginal rice farmers, fish farmers and poor and landless laborers to undertake aquaculture and

fisheries management on seasonally flooded floodplains or other water bodies. The proposed

activities aim to mobilize the affected communities for collective initiatives for better utilization

of the water-logged areas to enhance fish production, generate income and employment

opportunities and adapt to the changing ecologies – by harvesting between 0.15 and one ton of

fish per hectare in mini-catchment areas in early years, increasing to two tons per hectare in

later years. It is envisaged that such enterprises will have a strong multiplier effect through the

creation of backward and forward value chain linkages. It should be noted that the land tenure

pattern of Comilla and Satkhira is different. Hence the suitability of replicating this model should

be explored first.

The basic principles of the Daudkandi model are: (i) community engagement; (ii) commercial

approach; (iii) establishment of producer and marketing CBOs with well-represented executive

bodies and good governance; (iv) as a general rule, 40 ha “mini-polder” catchment areas

requiring the construction of “mini-embankments” and benefitting some 250 households; and

(iv) preparation of training modules and learning of new technologies by beneficiaries through

exchange visits with fish farmers of Comilla District and “learning by doing” of the FFS approach.

The total development costs for a typical 40 ha community-based floodplain fisheries scheme is

Page | 39

USD 57,200 (including the technical support of a specialist NGO, exchange visits and FFSs), i.e.

USD 229 per beneficiary.

5. Expansion and productivity enhancement of Boro rice Boro rice relies entirely on an adequate supply of sweet surface irrigation water at a time when

salinity is a serious problem. The average yield of Boro rice is 3 to 3.5 tons/ha, best farmers’

yields are 5 to 5.5 tons/ha, and yields attained at local research stations are 6 to 7 tons/ha. The

Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) has developed new high-yielding salt tolerant Boro

varieties suitable for cultivation in coastal polder areas, i.e. BRRI Dhan 47 and 55 and BINA-8,

which potentially can achieve 8.5 to 9 tons/ha. However, encouraging as these results may

seem, the project would not promote the intensification of Boro rice to the detriment of

marginal farmers growing irrigated rabi crops (that require far less water than Boro rice) in areas

where sweet water sources are limited and not sufficient for all to grow Boro rice – in an

attempt to demonstrate equitable water management systems within any given community. The

need for draining Boro rice seed beds and paddy fields may provide opportunity to demonstrate

and extend low-energy and low-cost axial pumps9 recently introduced into Bangladesh and

promoted by NGOs such as IDE-Bangladesh.

6. High-value field crops in the rabi season The MoA/FAO draft “Master Plan for Agricultural Development in the Southern Region of

Bangladesh” lists 18 high value crops that are suitable for cultivating in the rabi season of the

southern delta region (i.e. barley, chickpea, chili, cowpea, groundnut, khesari, lentil, maize,

mung bean, mustard, pea, potato, sesame, soybean, sugar beet, sunflower, sweet potato and

wheat). Depending on the availability of residual moisture, rainfall and irrigation water, these

crops could be promoted to increase cash income of the marginal farmers and enhance their

food and nutrition security, viz:

Cereals: Maize is grown throughout the coastal polder areas. Short maturing high yielding

varieties (HYVs) of maize (130 to 135 days) can yield between 9 and 12 ton/ha while short

maturing wheat (100 to 112 days) can yield between 3.6 to 5.1 tons/ha.

Pulses: Peas are grown throughout the coastal polder areas. Chick pea, cow pea lentil, mung

bean and pea are attractive to resource poor farmers because they are short maturing (50 to 75

days). The BARI Mung 5 and 6 varieties of mung bean and BARI cow pea varieties with improved

management practices yield 1.4 tons/ha compared to local varieties with traditional practices at

400 to 500 kgs/ha.

Oil seeds: there are good varieties of groundnuts and soybean that could be grown in the coastal

polder areas. In Noakhali, BARI Soybean 5 and 6 and Sohag varieties under improved

management practices have yielded 2.1 to 2.8 tons/ha compared to local varieties with

traditional practices at 1.6 tons/ha. BRAC has also had considerable success with the promotion

of sunflower in Jessore and Satkhira Districts.

9Axial pumps have already proven to be a more cost-effective technology for resource poor farmers to drain their

seed beds and paddy fields for the timely planting and enhanced water management of Boro rice in water-logged

areas. It is also reported the use of axial pumps also reduces the risk of soil salinity. The axial pumps have sufficient

capacity to irrigate 12 hectares of land (i.e. double that of a conventional four-inch tube-well). This means that they

are ideal for sharing amongst groups of between 25 and 60 marginal and small-scale farmers.

Page | 40

Tubers: The Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) has developed very popular

varieties of and cropping practices (with and without mulch) for potato and sweet potato. In

Noakhali District, potato cultivation with mulch gives 23 tons/ha and without mulch gives 14

tons/ha. However, potato is facing a storage problem throughout the country, which is affecting

pricing mechanisms.

Chilli is commercially grown throughout Barisal and Khulna Divisions, and, as a high value crop,

has great potential to increase farm income when grown in the correct conditions and according

to improved management practices.

The diversification of cropping systems and introduction of new high-value field crops provides

an opportunity to demonstrate conservation agriculture technologies and practices developed

by organizations such as CIMMYT and IDE-Bangladesh (e.g. inter-cropping, minimum tillage/strip

cropping and zero tillage/direct seeding). Benefits of conservation agriculture include the

enhancement of soil moisture retention (especially in the dry rabi season), the improvement of

soil quality (i.e. increased organic matter and inherent fertility) and a reduction in soil

erodability.

7. Development opportunities of horticulture and agro-forestry The MoA/FAO draft “Master Plan for Agricultural Development in the Southern Region of

Bangladesh” lists development opportunities of horticultural and agro-forestry in the southern

delta region, viz:

minimizing yield gaps of horticultural crops through improved management practices, e.g. correct spacing, timely fertilization and top working and pruning of fruit trees;

productivity enhancement of coconuts and areca nuts;

management improvement of under-utilized fruits (e.g. banana, guava and jujube) where production could be double through the introduction of improved varieties, correct spacing, fertilization, pruning and integrated pest management (IPM);

up-scaling of the Satkhira model of dwarf mango and jujube production;

up-scaling of the improved management of SwarupKathi Guava piloted in Pirojpur District;

up-scaling of vegetable production on floating beds in the monsoon season;

up-scaling vegetable and spice production using the Sorjan cropping system; and vegetable cultivation in raised beds/mounds and year-round cultivation in shrimp gher and paddy crop field boundaries;

up-scaling of shade-tolerant herb production (e.g. coriander, ginger, mint and turmeric) under the canopy of areca nut, mangoes, guavas, etc. on roadsides and embankments.

8. Development opportunities of livestock rearing Large and small ruminants, chickens and ducks are the main assets of the landless rural dwellers,

representing not only a source of income but also their capital to fulfill their social and economic

needs i.e. health and nutrition, education, weddings etc. This sub-sector is not getting adequate

support and services at the remote areas and the loss have not been taken care of.

Key activities for this intervention are as follow;

Farmers’ training on improve management system and appropriate technologies;

Precautionary measures for saving livestock and poultry during disaster and mitigation;

Preventive and control measures against common diseases;

Adapt available technologies and result demonstration;

Fodder production;

Page | 41

Develop local service provider for supply and services; and

Create market facilities for fair price of produces. For rehabilitation of livestock assets to the affected households the inputs includes large and

small ruminants and poultry, feed, housing support, vaccinations and anthelmintics, feed storage

tank etc.) Cautionary note on livestock rearing is that the prolonged water logging creates a

complicated problem for the poorer households to manage feed as rearing practice have mostly

been scavenging basis. Moreover, shelter for the ruminant also turn into a difficult challenge and

often households sell out the ruminants finding no other way. These cautionary notes should be

considered and further reviewed prior taking any livestock distribution by any agency.

9. Cash grant and training on non-farm activities of women and adult male This particular intervention should consider the local level suitable income generating activities

which have year round return potential and not capital intensive. Micro-business for women,

handicrafts is potential subsectors.

10. Dredging of rivers and canals: Dredging of rivers and canals are very crucial to sustain all the development activities proposed

so far. Government has to take up this activity in priority basis otherwise susceptibility to water

logging in these parts of the country will keep on increasing over the years adding more misery

to the food security and livelihoods of the people.

Page | 42

ANNEXURE

Annex 1- List of participated agencies and staff

Agencies participated in the primary fieldwork

Dis

tric

t

Up

azila

s

Un

ion

s

Lead

age

ncy

con

firm

ati

on

sta

tus

Contact person name REQUIREMENT OF SUSHILAN

STAFF

FGD Vul.

FGD Fem.

Market survey Sadar markets only

UDMC led by WFP

KII(Upazila level) by

FAO*

Satk

hir

a

Ass

asu

ni

Kad

akat

i

AC

F

Team leader and Focal person: TapanChakraborty, [email protected], Enumerators: Mr. Abdullah Al-Mamun Ms Salma Khatum Data entry: Md. Maniruzzaman

2

1 1

Assasuni S. Assasuni S Assasuni

Satk

hir

a

Ass

asu

ni

Ku

llah

AC

F

1 1

Satk

hir

a

Deb

hat

a

Ku

lia

SCI

Focal Person: Randhir Kumar Das; [email protected]; Enumerators for VG+UDMC : Mr. Abonindra Karmaker, Ms. Swapna Mondol, Enumerators for Female + Market Survey : Ms Laily Begum, Ms. Laxmi Rani, Data Entry: Mr. Ifteaker,

0

1 1

Debhata S. Debhata S. Debhata

Satk

hir

a

Deb

hat

a

Par

ulia

SCI

1 1

mailto:[email protected]


Page | 43

Dis

tric

t

Up

azila

s

Un

ion

s

Lead

age

ncy

con

firm

ati

on

sta

tus


STAFF

FGD Vul.

FGD Fem.


UDMC led by WFP


FAO*

Satk

hir

a

Satk

hir

a S.

Bal

li

WFP

WFP Khulna sub office staff 4 enumerators

2

1 1

Satkhira S Satkhira S Satkhira

Satk

hir

a

Satk

hir

a S.

Lab

sha

1 1

Satk

hir

a

Satk

hir

a S.

Fin

gri

CA

-MA

-DC

A c

on

sort

ia Team Leader

Md. Nuruzzaman Chowdhury Enumerators Sarmin Sultana Arnest Anida Sarkar Alfred Gosh Md. Sultan Ahmed Data Entry Operator Fahim Ahmed ( data entry)

1 1

Satk

hir

a

Tala

Isla

mkh

ati

Act

ion

Aid

Team Leader: Abdul Halim, 01714-131479 Enumerators FGD vulnerable group by: Lubna Zahan 01716-297795 FGD with UDMC by: Mahbub Alam Sohel, 01720208100 FGD with female by: Popi, Bhumija Foundation 01937281162 Market Survey by: Nihar Ranjan, Bhumija Foundation. 01712796855 Data Entry Tazul Islam, Bhumija Foundation 01716363829

0 1 1 Tala S Tala S Tala

Page | 44

Dis

tric

t

Up

azila

s

Un

ion

s

Lead

age

ncy

con

firm

ati

on

sta

tus


STAFF

FGD Vul.

FGD Fem.


UDMC led by WFP


FAO*

Satk

hir

a

Tala

Ten

tulia

OX

FAM

Focal Person: Suman Das; 01713060149;[email protected]. Team Leader Nusrat Jahir; 01716189765, [email protected] ; Enumerator S M Jaglul Razib, 01816252558 Mary Ratna, 1751626206 Data Entry Operator G M Abdur Rahaman, 01930326134, [email protected]

0 1 1

Satk

hir

a

Tala

Soru

lia

CA

RE

Focal Person Md. Mahbubur Rahman; 01750137981, [email protected] Team Leader- T I M Mazharuzzaman; [email protected] 01711955766 Enumerator, Tarun Kanti Mondal, 01726509167 Beauty Parven, 01728015231 Data Entry Operator- Md. Khairul Alam, 01712075539

0 1 1

Satk

hir

a

Tala

Jala

lpu

r

SI

Focal Person: Rafiq - Food Sec program Manager - [email protected] - 01711988176 Team Leader Sayeed Tanvir Hossain, [email protected] 01915-756461 Enumerators Nasima Akter 01735-087165 Shameem Ahmed 01818-231523 Data Entry Operator: Abdus Satter 01916 - 054633

0 1 1





Page | 45

Dis

tric

t

Up

azila

s

Un

ion

s

Lead

age

ncy

con

firm

ati

on

sta

tus


STAFF

FGD Vul.

FGD Fem.


UDMC led by WFP


FAO*

Jess

ore

Kes

hab

pu

r

Bid

dan

and

a

kati

VO

SD

Team Mr. Mahadeb Das, Cell:01713443701 & 01715233051 Md. Moshiur Rahman, Cell:01712589124 Md. Shah Alam, Cell:01713443739 Mr. Bibhanshu Saha. Cell:01742718018

0 1 1

Keshabpur S Keshabpur S Keshabpur

Jess

ore

Kes

hab

pu

r

Sufa

laka

ti

CW

W

Team Leader: Abdul Mannan Enumerator Ms. Tandra Datta, 01736-394 825 Mr. Shamimur Rahman, 01749-209 606 Data Entry Mr. Mohammad Sukur Ali, 01725-038 053

0 1 1

Jess

ore

Mo

nir

amp

ur

Mo

no

ho

rpu

r

Isla

mic

Rel

ief

Team Leader S.M Abu Kaiser 019 75440095 Enumerator Rakibul Hasan, 017 12205421, 01678690203 Morium Begum, 017 39025146 Data Entry Officer

Md. Assaduzaman +88 018 29417258, 017 17408522

0 1 1 Monirampur S Monirampur S Monirampur

Total 4 14 14 6 6 6

Page | 46

Annex 2- Responses of KIIs

RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW- AGRICULTURE Key Informants Current situation: Total

Area; (ha);Net cropped area(ha);Area inundated (ha)

Area inundated (ha)

Crop damage; Total area and last T. Aman (ha)

Number of farmers affected

Aman production (mt-clean rice)

Current Boro production situation (mt- clean rice)

Future production prospect of Aman rice, summer vegetables, local cash crops like turmeric, beetle leaf etc (ha)

What types of assistance provided by the DAE to the affected farmers?

Mr. Md. NurulIsalam, Upazila Agriculture Officer, Asasuni , Satkhira

The Upazila consists of Unions =11, Population = 3,81,438; Total area-37643 ha Net cropped area-15945 Major Cropping pattern=Boro-Fallow-T.Aman

2,905 Total =1805, T.Aman= 1760

3,360 23,963 22,955 T.Aman-9330, Vegetables-548,Mustard-220,Potato-95

T.Aman seedling for 30 farmers and HYV Aus for 85 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for I bigha

Mr. SujamnMajumder, Upazila Agriculture Officer, Debhata Satkhira

The Upazila consists of 5 Unions=5, Population = 120660; Total area-17215; Net cropped area-6300; Major Cropping pattern=Boro-Fallow-Ta-.Aman

3,035 Total= 1388, T.Aman= 1225

8,360 14,659 25,370 T.Aman-5350,Vegetables-500.Mustard-1250,Ptato-275

T.Aman seedling for 50 farmers and HYV Aus for 270 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for I bigha cultivation

Page | 47

Mr. Md. G.N.A.Gafur, U AO, Tala, Satkhira. And Mr. Md. MahbuburRahman, UNO

Presented separately 6,300 Total= 4848, T.Aman= 2000

54,100 21,895 64,075 T.Aman-8340,Vegetables-1110,Pusle-530,Mustard,340,Wheat-180,Potatao-450

T.Aman seedling for 24 farmers and HYV Aus for 820 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for 1 bigha cultivation

Mr. Dipak Kumar Roy, UAO, Satkhira Sadar, Satkhira

The Upazila consists of Unions=14, Population = 410355; Total area-40348; Net cropped area-25230; Major Cropping Pattern=Boro-Fallow- T.Aman

5,800 Total= 4400, T.Aman= 3200

29,352 51,450 67,000 T.aman-18000,Vegetables-2480,Pusle-585,Mustard-2900,Wheat-460,Potatao-800

HYV Aus for 1380 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for 1 bigha cultivation

Mr. Sanjoy Kumar, UAO, Keshabpur, Jessore.

The Upazila consists of Unions=9, Population = 269275; Total area=25903 ; Net cropped area=20543; Major Cropping Pattern= Boro-T.Aman-t.Aus

3,500 Total= 2476 T.Aman= 1516

18,530 22,516 64,112 T.Aman 9373,Vegetable-560,Wheat-360,Potato-320,Chilli-255,Onion-250,Pulse-550

HYV Aus for 1560 &Nerika for 300 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for 1 bigha cultivation

Page | 48

Mr. Kazi Shah Newaz,UAO, Monirampur, Jessore And Mr. MdZillurRahman, UNO, Monirampur, Jessore.

The Upazila consists of Unions=16, Population = 443661; Total area-115000; Net cropped area=83945; Major Cropping pattern= Boro-T.Aman-Vegetables-T.Aus

3,200 Total= 2145 T.Aman= 1680

18,850 63,539 133,278 T.Aman25500, Vegetables-3135,Mustard-1310,Pulse-1425,Potato-300,Oil-Seed-350

HYV Aus for 2350&Nerika for 550 farmers (package of 5kg seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) to cover I bigha cultivation

Page | 49

RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS- FISHERIES

Key Informants

Current situation: Owners will go back production soon, can not do production taking loans to buy fingerlings and shrimp seed etc.

Is there any recent outbreak of disease in case of aquaculture or in ghers




Any other issues as deemed relevant

Possible response recommended for recovery in Fisheries sector

Mr. Md. MostafizurRahman, Assistant Fisheries Officer, Asasuni Upazila, Satkhira

The Upazila is consisted with 11 unions having a population of 3,81,438. Total water resources is 17885 ha of which carp area constitute 16% (2925 ha), bagda 75% (13333 ha) and golda only 9% (1627 ha).Fish and shrimp farmer started their production soon after the damage. They arranged the money through borrowing, taking loans from bank/NGOs or selling their last resources. Among the fisheries production, bagda constitute about 75%, golda 9% and carp 16% only. Per hectare production of bagda, golda and carp is about 250-300 kg, 500-600 kg and 1500-2000kg respectively. Farmers are happy with the production and the intensity of

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but for bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to

Feed are generally not used in fish and shrimp culture. As such feeds are not available locally but if required they can have it either from Khulna or from Jessore. Medicines are not available because these are not used.


Kulla, Dorgapur, Kadakhali, Sapnali, Budhata- severely affected and Assasuni is partly affected.

Cultural practice is very traditional. Modern culture need to be introduced,

IMMEDIATE:River and adjoining canals need to be reexcavated and their connectivity with big river need to be established. (b). Leasing of Govtkhascanal through DCR should be stopped and kept open as Govt land for mass utilization. ©. Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (d). Homestead level be raised by earth filling, (e) Aquaculture inputs be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation. LONG TERM: Land zoning needed for crop, fish and shrimp cultivation (b). Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based

Page | 50

production is increasing day by day. There are 63 fish and shrimp collecting Depo and 10 ice plant but no processing factory. There is no facility for carp fingerling and bagda/golda PL production. Possibilities for expansion of cage farming of Tilapia, pangas and crab within the water logged area.

the imbalance of physico-chemical parameters of pond/gher water because water level of the ghers is very low.

farmers training centre or information centre needed.

Mr. S.M. Rafiqul Islam, Chairman, Kulla Union Parishad, Assasuni Upazila

Farmers have started production. The production level is good and the farmers are happy. Bagda dominated area. Bagda production is 80% of total shrimp production. Besides, Tilapia, bhetki, faisha etc. fin fish are grown along with bagda. Carp production is not much- only for family consumption. Water is highly saline and may range from 3-22 PPT. Poor farmers burrow money sometimes from the money lenders. Water logging remains 6-7 months from August to January/February.

No disease for carp and fin fishes but shrimp mortality happened. Prevalence of viral disease is about 10-15%. Major mortality happened due to low water level, higher water temperature and PH values.


Nothing provided Kulla. Kadakhali, Sapnali, Charidorgapur, Budhata, Sreeolla -are severly affected.

Lacking Govt. Initiatives for the recovery.

IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b). Bheri Badh construction and renovation, (c) Pond construction for supply of sweet water for drinking, (d) Leasing of Govtkhas canal through DCR should be stopped and kept open as Govt land for mass utilization (e). Homestead level be raised by earth filling, (f) Inputs for fisheries production be supplied. MID TERM: Modern aquaculture technology be introduced, (b) Planned gher farming, (c) Cyclone shelter construction and renovation of the old ones, (d) Training and capacity building of the farmer, LONG TERM: Govt. initiatives intensified, (b) Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed and the

Page | 51

processing methodology be transparent

Mr. Md. Badruzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Debhata Upazila, Satkhira

The Upazila is consisted with 5 unions having a population of 1,20,660. The water resources cover an area of 16330 ha of which bagda constitute 54% (8875 ha), golda 2% (365 ha) and carp 44% 97090 ha). Total fisheries production is about 9348 MT and annual requirement is 1920 MT showing a surplus of about 7428 MT. Yearly production of carp, prawn and shrimp indicated an increasing trend over the years. There are neither carp, golda and bagda hatchery under Government intervention. Only 2 golda private hatchery and 260 private carp nursery in private sector. The Upazila is mainly Bagda dominating area which constitutes about 90% of total shrimp production of the Upazila. Yearly production of fish and shrimp is showing an increasing trend over the years. Water logging has not created any negative impact on total fish production of the area rather fisheries production has been increased. Personally some are affected. The Upazila has a surplus of fish production. Very wide scopes are existed for the




Kulia, Parulia and Noapara are severly affected whereas Debhata and Shakhipur are lightly affected.

Fingerling quality, feed quality and linkage with feed supplier is needed

IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re excavated and their connectivity with big river need to be established. (b). Leasing of Govt khas canal through DCR should be stopped and kept open as Govt land for mass utilization. ©.Modern Culture technology be introduced (d) Infrastructure in the gher area be developed, (e). Homestead level be increased by earth filling, (f). Fisheries input be provided. MID TERM: Policy for quality fingerling and PL be introduced, (b) Quality fish/shrimp feed supply be ensured, LONG TERM: Manpower be increased, (b) Infrastructure development and electrification in gher area needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Strong linkage with feed industry and medicine company needed (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed.

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expansion of cage culture of crab. Affected farmers arranged money from loans and selling of their last resources. Water logging remais for 4-5 months starting from August to December. Wide scope for crab fattening program. 60% of total exportable crab is exported from the Upazila.

Mr. Md. Abdul Bari, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer and Mr. Md. BazlurRahmanSarder, Assistant Fisheries Officer, Tala Upazila, Satkhira.

The Upazila is consisted with 12 unions with a population of 2,94,400. Total water resources are 12305 ha of which shrimp area constitute 57% (7016 ha) and carp area 43% (5289 ha). Among fish production, shrimp and prawn represent 62% (4700 MT) of total production (7567.69 MT) while carp production is 38% (2867.69 MT). Mainly shrimp and prawn dominating area. Salinity ranges upto 15-16 PPT during the peak seasons (May -June). Fish requirement is 6017.53 MT whereas production is 7567.69 MT showing a surplus of 1550.16 MT annually. Per hectare production rate of prawn (golda) 600-700 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda) 250-300 kg/ha while carp is 1500-2000 kg/ha which are considered lowest in the world. Fish fry/fingerling production 49,00,000 while requirement 2,65,12,980 showing a shortage



Only a damage report was submitted to the Department but nothing was provided accordingly. Some assistance through Aila project was provided to some of the affected people.

Tetulia, Islamkathi, Tala sadar, Jalalpur, Dhandia, Nagargata, Kumira- are severely affected whereas Khalil Nagar, Kholishkhali, Khesra, Magura and Sorolia are


IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b). Gher farming should be planned way, (c) Gher dikes should be wider and stronger, (d) Infrastructure development is needed. (e) Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Quality of PL and fingerling supply needed, (h). PCR Labouratory in the shrimp area is needed, (i) Coordination among the participating Department is needed, (j). Homestead level be raised through earth filling, (k). Fisheries inputs be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b).

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of 2,16,12,980. Water logging remains 4-5 months starting from July-August to November-December. Some part of Tetulia and Islamkathi is still under water. Monosex Tilapia culture has started in two unions (Dhandia and Nagarghata). Crab fattening program has also been started in two unions (Khalil Nagar and Khesra).There are two rivers namely Kapotakh and Shalta which are completely silted up, no water flow. Water exchange into the ghers not possible. Water level of the ghers very low, may be 1.5-2.5 feet only. Carp culture has not been expanding and flourishing all around. Even then over all fish production of the area is increasing. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 8000 peoples are directly and 30000 people are indirectly dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and employment generation.

partially affected.

Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed, (g). Salt tolerant rice variety need to be developed.

Mr. Md. MahbuburRahman,

Fisheries are not affected so much because these are not lost for all. Positions are changed.

Agreed with UFO

Agreed with UFO

Agreed with UFO Agreed with UFO

Agreed with UFO

IMMEDIATE : Re-excavation of river and canal and strengthening of inter river net working, (b). Home stead

Page | 54

Upazila Nirbahi Officer, Tala Upazila, Satkhira

Some farmers may be loser but overall production is not decreased. Farmers are doing the business with their own initiatives. More scopes are existed for further development.

level of the affected people need to be raised through earth-filling, © Inputs for beginning of the business is needed. MID TERM: Collateral free loan be provided, (b). Training both for Departmental staff and farmer be intensified and continued round the year. LONG TERM: Infrastructure development of the gher are needed along with electrification, (b) Production diversification with improved technology be introduced, (d) Departmental man power need to be increased.

Mr. Md. Abdul Wadud, District Fisheries Officer, Satkhira; Mr. Nirmal Kumar Ghose, Assistant Fisheries, Satkhira Sadar, Satkhira

The Satkhira Sadar Upazila is consisted with 14 unions along with one Paurashav having a population of 4,10,355. Total water resources 8770 ha of which shrimp area constitute 85% (7467 ha) and carp area 15% (1303 ha). Among fish production, shrimp and prawn represent 22% (2580 MT) of total production (11550 MT) while carp production is 78% (8970 MT). Mainly carp and other finfish dominating area. Salinity ranges upto 10-12 PPT during the peak seasons (May -June). Fish requirement is 7488 MT whereas production is 11564 MT showing a surplus of 4076 MT annually. Per hectare production rate of prawn (golda) 400-500 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda) 200-250 kg/ha

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the



Alipur, Dhulihor, Daubhanga, Balli, Labsha and Fingri- are severely affected while Bashdaha, Pushkhali, Baikali, Buna, Shibpur


IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b). Gher farming should be planned way, (c) Gher dikes should be wider and stronger, (d) Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure development and electrification

Page | 55

while carp is 1500-2000 kg/ha which are considered lowest in the world. Fish fry/fingerling production 49,00,000 while requirement 2,65,12,980 showing a shortage of 2,16,12,980. Water logging remains 4-5 months starting from July-August to November-December. Some part of Tetulia and Islamkathi is still under water. Monosex Tilapia culture has started in two unions (Dhandia and Nagarghata). Crab fettening program has also been started in two unions (Khalil Nagar and Khesra).There are six rivers namely which are completely silted up, no water flow. Water exchange into the ghers not possible. Water level of the ghers very low, may be 1.5-2.5 feet only. Fish, shrimp and prawn production is not encouraging. Even then over all fish production of the area is increasing. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 8000 peoples are directly and 25000 people are indirectly dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and

imbalance of physico-chemical parameters of pond/gher water.

, Homra, Brahmarajpur, Agardadhi - are partially affected.

needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed.

Page | 56

employment generation. Mr. Md. Hadiuzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Mr. Md. AlamgirKabir, Assistant Fisheries Officer and Mr. Md. AmanUllah, Extension Officer, Keshabpur Upazila, Jessore.

The Upazila is consisted with 9 unions along with one Paurashav having a population of 2,69,275. Total water resources 7350 ha of which prawn constitute 57% (4203 ha), shrimp area 9% (664 ha) and carp area 34% (2483 ha). Among fish production, prawn represent 9% (610 MT), shrimp 2.5% (180 MT) and carp 88.5% (6114 MT) of total production (6904 MT). Mainly carp and other finfish dominating area. Salinity is not significant. Fish requirement is 4816 MT whereas production is 6904 MT showing a surplus of 42088 MT annually. Per hectare production rate of prawn (golda) 100-150 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda) 200-270 kg/ha while carp is 1500-2000 kg/ha which are considered lowest in the world. Fish fry/fingerling production is 273 Lakh while the requirement is 395 Lakh showing a shortage of 122 Lakh annually. Golda and bagda PL are not produced here but have a demand of 3.30 Lakh and 1.45 lakh respectively. Water logging remains 4-5 months starting from July-August to November-December. Monosex Tilapia culture has started showing a production of 30-35 kg/decimal. Fish, shrimp and

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physico-chemical parameters of pond/gher water.

Limited feeds are generally used in fish culture. But for golda and bagda culture nothing is used. Feeds are available locally. Medicines are not available because these are not used.


Bidhyanandakathi, Shagar Dari, SufalaKathi, Gauribona- are severely affected while Trimohini, Pajia, Mangalkot, Mazidpur gram and Keshabpur - are partially affected.

Very traditional technology had been used, Modern technology be introduced for production intensification.

IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b) Bheribadharround the beel area needed (c). Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology, (d). Feed quality and carp fingerling quality need to be maintained. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed.

Page | 57

prawn production is increasing. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 9575 peoples are directly and 25000 people are indirectly dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and employment generation.

Mr. H. M. Badruzzaman, Upazila Fisheries Officer, Monirampur, Jessore.

The Upazila is consisted with 16 unions along with one Paurashav having a population of 4,43,661. Total water resources15077 ha of which prawn area 34% (5132 ha) and carps constitute 66% (9945 ha). Among fisheries production, prawn represent 37% (7200 MT) of total production (19410 MT) while carp production is 63% (12210 MT). Mainly carp and other finfish dominating area. Fish requirement is 9068 MT whereas production is 19410 MT showing a surplus of 10342 MT annually. Per hectare production rate of prawn (golda) 400-500 kg/ha while carp is 2000-2500kg/ha which are considered lowest in the world. Fish fry/fingerling production 305 Lakh while requirement is 798 Lakh showing a shortage of 493 Lakh. Water logging remains 3-4

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported.



Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Nehalpur, Durbadanga, Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim Nagar, Japa, Horihornagar and Chaluahati- are severel

Inbreeding of carp fingerling is going to be a real threat for aquaculture.

IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b) Bheribadharround the beel area needed (c). Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology, (d). Feed quality and carp fingerling quality need to be maintained, (e). Fish sanctuary establishment and water control structure, (f) Fish regulation implementation. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure

Page | 58

months starting from July-August to November-December. Adjoining rivers and canal have been silted up. Monosex Tilapia culture has started showing a production of 4-5 MT/ ha. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 65000 peoples are dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and employment generation.

y affected while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur are partially affected.

development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed. (f). Fisheries insurance be introduced.

Mr. MdZillurRahman, UNO, Monirampur, Jessore.

The Upazila is blessed with enormous aquatic resources having surplus fish production. The extend of beel areas represent an unique potentiality to boost up fisheries production. But the current culture practice is not scientific. Water logging is a real threat to the people but not so much harmful for fisheries production. Simply the ownership may be changed. Attempts are very much warranted for production intensification and diversification. All the adjoining rivers have been silted up. The activities of BWDB is not know.

Prevalence of fish disease has not been found

For carp and golda culture limited amount of feeds are used but all feed staff is locally available.

Nothing significant provided from the Department.

Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Nehalpur, Durbadanga, Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim Nagar, Japa, Horihornagarand

IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b) Bheribadharround the beel area needed (c). Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology, (c). Fish sanctuary establishment and water control structure, LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure

Page | 59

Chaluahati- are severely affected while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur are partially affected.

development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed.

Mr. Md. Ramjan Ali, DFO, Jessore; Mr. Md. MizanurRahman, Project Director, Bhabodah Project; Mr. BishwajitBairagi, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer, Jessore

Jessore district is blessed with enormous water resources thereby producing sufficient amount of fishes. The district has a surplus of fish production. It is also blessed with numerous beel and baor areas wherein fisheries production can be increased manifolds. Though the district has a surplus of fish production even the per hectare production is far below the standard rate. Water logging creates a great havoc to the people in general but plays a positive role for increased fisheries production.

For carp and golda culture, no incidence of disease has been reported but bagda culture prevalence of white spot disease is about only 20%. The main



Agreed with UFOs.

Inbreeding of carp fingerling is going to be a real threat for aquaculture.

IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining canals need to be re-excavated and their connectivity with big river needs to be established. (b) Bheribadharround the beel area needed, (c). Infrastructure development is needed. (e) . Collateral free loan and training should be provided, (f). Alternative income generating activities be provided, (g). Fisheries input may be provided, (h). homestead level be raised through earth filling.. MID TERM: Training and capacity building of the farmer (b). Effective policy implementation, (c).

Page | 60

Sadar Upazila, Jessore.

The affected farmers start their cultural activities even after the damage. They arrange the money through borrowing from bank, NGOs and sometimes from the money lenders. We have great potentialities for increased fisheries production and employment generation.

reason of bagda mortality was due to the imbalance of physico-chemical parameters of pond/gher water.

Production diversification & introduction of modern cultural technology, (d). Feed quality and carp fingerling quality need to be maintained, (e). Fish sanctuary establishment and water control structure, (f) Fish regulation implementation. LONG TERM: River and canal re-excavation on a regular basis, (b). Infrastructure development and electrification needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed. (f). Fisheries insurance be introduced.

Page | 61

Factsheets on Rehabilitation Activities by Agencies

Satkhira Flooding and Water Logging: Overview of WFP Emergency Assistance

1. Information at a glance :

a) First Phase: Emergency Relief Food and Cash Distributions, August 2011-Feb 2012

Beneficiaries

Assisted:

a) Immediate Relief (ready-to-eat food, i.e. fortified Biscuits) : 35,000 families b) General Food and Cash Distribution: 30,000 families (~120,000 beneficiaries), c) Supplementary Feeding ( 9840 children 6-59 months, 2467 pregnant and lactating women): 12,307 beneficiaries

Relief Food and Cash

Distributions:

a) Immediate Relief, 18-30 August 2011: 3 kg of biscuits (40 packets)/family General Food and Cash Distributions (4 months):

b) 1st

month distribution, 04 Oct- 30 Oct 2011: 40 kg rice & 3 kg pulses/ family (@260g rice & 20 g pulses/person/day) c) 2

nd month distribution, 17 Nov-23 Dec 2011: 40 kg rice & 3 kg pulses & 4 litre veg. oil/family

(veg. oil was complemented by Care)

d) 3rd month distribution, 21 Dec-15 Jan 2012: 15 kg rice & BDT 1000/family e) 4th month distribution, 2 Feb- 15 Feb 2012: BDT 1500/family

Supplementary Feeding (Distribution of fortified blended food (5 months):

f) Oct 2011 - Feb 2012: 6 kg per beneficiary/month (@200g/beneficiary/day)

Duration of

Assistance: August 2011-Feb 2012

Immediate Relief : 1 week

General Food and Cash Distribution: 4 months

Supplementary Feeding : 5 months

Operational Area Satkhira district: Satkhira Sadar , Tala , Assasuni , Debhata & Kalaroa upazilas,

Jessore district: Keshabpur upazila

Page | 62

Implementing NGOs Shushilan ( for Satkhira Sadar, Tala, Assasuni, Debhata upazilas),

MuslimAid (for Kalaroa, Keshabpur upazilas)

Funding ECHO: Euro 1.5 million, DFID : US$670,900, Aus Aid : 105 MT HEB, WFP : 450 MT rice and US$ 0.4 million

b) Second Phase: Recovery Assistance, March-Dec 2012

Beneficiaries

Targeted

a) Cash-for-work : 9600 HHs b) Cash-for-training : 3000 HHs c) Blanket supplementary feeding : 17,500 (up to April) and 24713 in May d) Targeted supplementary feeding : 14,200 (to be selected through screening process)

Duration of

Assistance:

March – Dec 2012

a) Cash-for-work : 60 days work during March – June 2012 b) Cash-for-training : March – June and July – December 2012 c) Blanket supplementary feeding: Three months distribution during March – May/June 2012. d) Targeted supplementary feeding (CMAM) : will start from May/June 2012

Operational Area

Satkhira and Jessore district:

a) Cash-for-Work and Cash-for-training: Satkhira Sadar upazila b) Blanket Supplementary Feeding: Satkhira sadar, Tala, Assasuni, Debhata, and Kalaroa

upazilas of Satkhira district and Keshabpur upazila of Jessore district

c) Targeted supplementary Feeding - Satkhira sadar, Tala, Assasuni and Debhata upazilas of Satkhira district.

Implementing

partner/NGO

Shushilan (for Cash-for-work/training and Blanket supplementary feeding)

ACF ( for targeted supplementary feeding)

Funding ECHO : Euro 3 million (approx.)

a) Food Security (Cash-for-work and cash-for- training) : Euro 2 million b) Nutrition component : Euro 1 million

Page | 63

Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered

CWW UKaid FRESH (shelter) 01/02/12 31/1/13 Keshobpur Biddyanondokati 603

Sagordari 297

Sufolakati 141

Manirampur …

Jhapa 143

Monoharpur 88

Mushim Nagor 131

Total 2 upazilla 6 union 1403


Shushilan ECHO CFW 01/01/12 30/6/12 Satkhira sadar Labsha 1760

Baikeri 1093

Dulihor 1110

Fingri 750

Municipality 1272

Brommyorajpur 695

Bally 1090

Zaudanga 1830

Shushilan ECHO CFT 01/01/12 30/06/12 Satkhira Sadar Labsha 640

Baikeri 107

Dulihor 170

Fingri 100

Page | 64


Municipality 928

Brommyorajpur 155

Bally 300

Zaudanga 570

Baikeri 109

Shushilan ECHO WSB 7297

Shushilan UK Aid FRESH (shelter) Ist Feb/12 31 st Jan /13 Tasla Islam khati 950

Shushilan UK Aid FRESH (shelter) Ist Feb/12 31 st Jan /13 Satkhira Baikeri 297

Shushilan UK Aid FRESH (shelter) Ist Feb/12 31 st Jan /13 Satkhira Dulihor 464


Concern Worldwide

Concern Worldwide

Dry Food Distribution 01/06/09 30/06/09 Koyra and Shyamnagor

Uttar Bedkashi, Atulia’ Burigoalani, Munshigonj, Ishwaripur, Ramjannagor Kashimari Maharajpur Padmapukur, Gabura

9000

Concern Worldwide

Irish Aid Food Relief 14/06/09 30/07/09 Koyra and Shyamnagor

Uttar Bedkashi, Padmapukur, Gabura Burigoalani

4450

Concern Worldwide

JOA Food relief 14/06/09 30/07/09 Koyra and Shyamnagor

Uttar Bedkashi, Kora Sador, Padmapukur, Gabura

3780

Page | 65


Concern Worldwide

ECHO and Concern Worldwide

Complete Shelter 1/7/09 31/12/09 Koyra and Shyamnagor

Uttar Bedkashi, Kora Sador, Padmapukur,

524

Shelter repairing 1638

DTW 31

Household latrines 524

Emergency latrines 20

CFW 1400 for 50 days

Blanket distribution 3562

Concern Worldwide

UNICEF and Concern Worldwide

DTW 25/08/2009 24/10/2009 Assasuni, Shyamnagar and Koyra

Gabura Maharajpur Padmapukur Uttarbedkasi Koyra Sadar Protapnagar

18

DTW repair 5

Construction of PSF 4

PSF Repair 21

Pond cleaning 21

Emergency Latrines 231

Rain Water Collection 80

NFI Distribution 2100

Concern Worldwide


DTW 20/12/09 20/03/2010 Assasuni, Shyamnagar and Koyra

Gabura Maharajpur Padmapukur Uttarbedkasi Koyra Sadar Protapnagar

25

Bathroom construction 24


Emergency Latrines Repair 250

Latrine dislodging 200

NFI Distribution 2000

Concern Worldwide

ECHO Shelter repair 15/01/10 14/4/11 Baghali, Uttar Bedkashi and Padmapukur

450

Shelter construction 275

CFW 2622 for 65 days

Fishing boat & net 60

Nursery establishment 4

Cash For Training 600


Page | 66


Pond rehabilitation 6

Hygiene kit & promotion 2052

DTW 19

PSF construction 9

Sanitary Latrine 1425

Mass awareness raising through picture drama

9 performance

Concern Worldwide

ECHO CFW 01/09/2011 28/02/2012 Paadmapukur and Gabura

8901 for 52 days

CFT 8901 on four topics

Concern Worldwide


DTW Installation 01/10/10 1/09/2011 Padmapukur, Gabura under shyamnagor Upazilla and Assasuni Sadaor,

9

Installation of Rain Water Harvesting (3200 liter)

74

Water trucking 1020

Water container distribution 3400

latrine construction (HH level)

220

latrine repair and dislodging 170

Hygiene kit distribution 3400

Pot song for the community 19 performance

Health session 50

Water supply at schools - Rain Water Harvesting (25,000lt)

5

Sanitation facilities and Urinals at school

10

Concern Worldwide

ECHO (2nd Phase)

CFW 1/2/12 30/6/12 Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati,

2874

Page | 67


Shufalakathi

CFT 1/2/12 30/6/12 Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati, Shufalakathi

2874

Concern Worldwide

UK Aid Shelter construction 1/2/12 31/1/13 Keshobpur and Monirampur

Sagordari, Bidanandokati, Shufalakathi, Jhanpa, Monohorpur, Maswimnagar

1403

Concern Worldwide

ECHO

CFW 1/9/11 31/1/12 Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati

2700

CFT Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati

1018

Household latrines Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati

450

DTW installation Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati

420

DTW rehabilitation Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati

300

Hygiene kit distribution and sensitization

Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati

2700

Shelter repairing Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati

450

NFI Winter kit Keshobpur Sagordari, Bidanandokati

2700

Page | 68


Save the Children

ECHO CFW – 1st Phase 1100 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 0

Tetulia 152

Islamkathi 205

Nagarghata 571

Khesra 172

Kumira 0

Save the Children

ECHO CFT – 1st Phase 750 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 114

Tetulia 286

Islamkathi 100

Nagarghata 150

Khesra 0

Kumira 100

Save the Children

ECHO HH Latrine – 1st Phase 403 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 54

Tetulia 75

Islamkathi 103

Nagarghata 49

Khesra 51

Kumira 71

Save the Children

ECHO Installation of DTW – 1st phase 40 DTW

01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 5

Tetulia 7

Islamkathi 3

Nagarghata 12

Khesra 2

Kumira 11

Save the Children

ECHO Hygiene kit & Sensitization – 1st Phase 4200 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 571

Tetulia 1429

Islamkathi 400

Nagarghata 800

Khesra 500

Kumira 500

Page | 69


Save the Children

ECHO Repairing Shelter- 1 st phase 154 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 16

Tetulia 115

Islamkathi 23

Nagarghata 0

Khesra 0

Kumira 0

Save the Children

ECHO NFI: Winter kit – 1st phase 4200 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 571

Tetulia 1429

Islamkathi 400

Nagarghata 800

Khesra 500

Kumira 500

Save the Children

ECHO CFT – 1st Phase 350 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 120

Nowapara 50

Parulia 150

Save the Children

ECHO HH Latrine – 1st Phase 72 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 53

Nowapara 0

Parulia 19

Save the Children

ECHO Installation of DTW – 1st phase 10 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 5

Nowapara 3

Parulia 2

Save the Children

ECHO Hygiene kit & Sensitization – 1st Phase 1500 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 500

Nowapara 600

Parulia 400

Save the Children

ECHO Repairing Shelter- 1st phase 56 HH

01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 40

Nowapara 0

Parulia 16

Save the Children

ECHO NFI: Winter kit – 1st phase

01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 500

Nowapara 600

Parulia 400

Page | 70


Save the Children

ECHO CFW – 2nd Phase 3770 HH

01/03/12 31/07/12 Tala Tala Sadar 518

Tetulia 1092

Islamkathi 1075

Khesra 610

Nagarghata 475

Save the Children

ECHO CFT – 2nd Phase 3770 HH

01/03/12 31/07/12 Tala Tala Sadar 518

Tetulia 1092

Islamkathi 1075

Khesra 610

Nagarghata 475

Save the Children

CBHA NFI and Shelter Kits 15/08/11 31/08/11 Tala Tala sadar 600

Tetulia 400

Islam Kati 220

DANIDA Establish Child friendly spaces (25 CFS)

01/09/11 15/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 50

Tetulia 400

Islam Kati 175

Children Emergency Fund

CFW 01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 25

Tetulia 125

Islam Kati 50

Cash Donation 01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 25

Tetulia 140

Islam Kati 75

WATSAN support to Primary school

01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 2

Tetulia 5

Islam Kati 3

Education materials support to children

01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 50

Tetulia 400

Islam Kati 175


Page | 71

Muslim Aid

ECHO

CFW 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala Tala Sadar 1150

Assasuni Shovnali 750

Kadakati 600

Kullah 430

Dargapur 110

Debhata Parulia 420

Kulia 1865

Nayapara 275

CFT 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala Tala Sadar 1150

Assasuni Shovnali 750

Kadakati 600

Kullah 430

Dargapur 110

Debhata Parulia 420

Kulia 1865

Nayapara 275


Muslim Aid led Consortium (Christian Aid, Dan Church Aid

ECHO Cash for Work(CFW) & Cash for Training(CFT) under “Recovery Support to the flood affected and

01/02/12 01/06/12

Tala Khalish Khali 1150

Khesra 1150

Khalil Nagar 850

Dhandia 1610

Page | 72


&Muslim Aid) continually water Logged families of south west Bangladesh” - 2nd Phase Water Logged Project.

Sorulia 650

Kumira 740

Nagarghata 650

Tala Sadar 1150

Kalaroa Deawara 1220

Debhata Parulia 420

Kulia 1865

Nayapara 275

Ashashuni Shovnali 750

Kadakati 600

Khullah 430

Dargapur 110

13620

Muslim Aid led Consortium (Christian Aid, Dan Church Aid & Muslim Aid)

ECHO Integrated relief

assistance to the most

vulnerable HHs hit by the

2011 monsoon in

Bangladesh”-1st Phase

Water Logged Project.

-Emergency Shelter Kits: 1500 -Transitional Shelter :200 -Latrine:1500 -Cash For Work(CFW):5000 - Cash for Training(CFT):2000 - TW Renovation: 200 - Water Container: 10000 -NFI(WASH +Winter kit+ Water Tank ):10000

01/09/12 31/01/12

Tala Tala 1750

Islamkathi 1300

Khesra 1270

Khalishkhali 730

Dhandia 1500

Tala 1750

Satkhira Sadar Jhawdanga 1700

Labsha 1750

2 7 10000

Page | 73


ActionAid Bangladesh

ECHO (Under NARRI consortium)

CFW 01/01/12 11/06/12 Tala Tala sadar 600

Islamkathi 500

Tetulia 500

Kumira 900

Magura 600


ECHO (Under NARRI consortium)

CFT FRESH (shelter)

01/01/12 20/06/12 Tala

Tala sadar 600

Islamkathi 500

Tetulia 500

Kumira 900

Magura 600


DFID (Under NARRI consortium)

FRESH (shelter) 01/02/2012 31/01/2013 Tala Kumira 457

Magura 426

Khalishkhali 959

Organization Funded by*

Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered

Muslim Aid led Consortium (Christian Aid, Dan Church Aid & Muslim Aid)

ECHO Integrated relief assistance to the most

vulnerable HHs hit by the 2011 monsoon

in Bangladesh”-1st Phase Water Logged

Project.

-Emergency Shelter Kits: 1500 -Transitional Shelter :200 -Latrine:1500 -Cash For Work(CFW):5000 - Cash for Training(CFT):2000 - TW Renovation: 200

01/09/12 31/01/12

Tala Tala 1750

Islamkathi 1300

Khesra 1270

Khalishkhali 730

Dhandia 1500

Tala 1750

Satkhira Sadar

Jhawdanga 1700

Labsha 1750

2 7 10000

Page | 74

- Water Container: 10000 -NFI(WASH +Winter kit+ Water Tank ):10000


DCA (DSK is implementing partner)

DG ECHO & Civil Protection.

CFW 01/02/12 30/04/12 Tala Dhandia 1610

Sarulia 650

Nagarghata 650

Kumira 740



CFW 01/02/12 30/04/12 Kolaroa Deara 1220



CFT 01/05/12 30/06/12 Tala Dhandia 1610

Sarulia 650

Nagarghata 650

Kumira 740



CFT 01/05/12 30/06/12 Kolaroa Deara 1220

Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH

covered

ACF ECHO Cash for training 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 1239

Page | 75


covered

Assasuni

Shovnali 717

Kadakathi 546

Kulla 391

Dorgapur 91

ACF ECHO Unconditional

Cash Grant 15/09/2012 15/03/2012

Debhata Kulia 53

Assasuni

Shovnali 74

Kadakathi 49

Kulla 62

Dorgapur 20

ACF ECHO

Cash for work

15/09/2012 15/03/2012

Debhata Kulia 507

Assasuni

Shovnali 354

Kadakathi 321

Kulla 220

Dorgapur 63

ACF ECHO Emergency 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 9 sets

Page | 76


covered

latrines

Assasuni

Shovnali 5 sets

Kadakathi 5 sets

Kulla 1 set

Dorgapur 0 set

ACF ECHO Household

Latrines 15/09/2012 15/03/2012

Debhata Kulia 167

Assasuni

Shovnali 47

Kadakathi 79

Kulla 3

Dorgapur 4

ACF ECHO Community

latrines 15/09/2012 15/03/2012

Debhata Kulia 5 Sets

Assasuni

Shovnali 6 Sets

Kadakathi 5 Sets

Kulla 8 Sets

Dorgapur 1 Set

ACF ECHO Tube well 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 24 tube well

Page | 77


covered

rehabilitation

Assasuni

Shovnali 19 tube well

Kadakathi 4 tube well

Kulla 3 tube well

Dorgapur 0 tube well

ACF ECHO Water purification

Kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012

Debhata Kulia 0

Assasuni

Shovnali 0

Kadakathi 334

Kulla 216

Dorgapur 0

ACF ECHO Hygiene kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012

Debhata Kulia 1817

Assasuni

Shovnali 1096

Kadakathi 886

Kulla 633

Dorgapur 162

ACF ECHO Hygiene 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 1794

Page | 78


covered

promotion

sessions

Assasuni

Shovnali 1617

Kadakathi 1386

Kulla 1036

Dorgapur 118

ACF ECHO Winter kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012

Debhata Kulia 79

Assasuni

Shovnali 45

Kadakathi 44

Kulla 28

Dorgapur 4

ACF ECHO Winter kits

20/12/2011 20/02/2011

Debhata Kulia 1130

Assasuni

Shovnali 842

Kadakathi 776

Kulla 473

Dorgapur 129

ACF ECHO Shelter 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 102

Page | 79


covered

Rehabilitation

/construction

Assasuni

Shovnali 45

Kadakathi 45

Kulla 3

Dorgapur 5

ACF ECHO Shelter Kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012

Debhata Kulia 503

Assasuni

Shovnali 159

Kadakathi 162

Kulla 160

Dorgapur 16


Implementing partner NGO

Concern Universal (CU)

Cordaid Emergency Food packages Per House hold (HH) support – Rice-10 kg Potato-2 kg

01/10/2011 31/10/2011 Tala Jalal Nagar 180 Ashroy Foundation

Khalil Nagar 180 Ashroy Foundation

Khesra 180 Ashroy Foundation

Tala Sadar 180 Ashroy Foundation

Asasuni Durgapur 180 Ashroy Foundation

Page | 80

Musuri dal-2 kg Onion-1 kg Salt-1 kg Soyabin oil-1 kg Sugar-1 kg Suji-1 kg, Body soap-1 piece Soap(wash)-1 piece Fire lighter -1 piece

Asasuni Sadar 180 Ashroy Foundation

Kaligonj Nalta 180 MJF, Satkhira

Debhata Parulia 180 Ashroy Foundation

Kulia 180 Ashroy Foundation

Nawapara 180 MJF, Satkhira


Cordaid Installation of Tube wells 100 community based tube wells installed, 10 in each union, Approximately 10 households is benefiting from each tube well.








Paikgacha (Khulna)

Haridhali 100 Ashroy Foundation

Kapilmuni 100 Ashroy Foundation

Monirampur (Jessore)

Mosimnagar 100 DRO, Jessore


Cordaid Installation of Sanitary Latrines Total 500 households based latrines installed








Paikgacha (Khulna)






Cordaid Construction of new houses




Page | 81

Total 100 new houses constructed





Paikgacha (Khulna)






Cordaid Repair of damaged houses Total 200 damaged houses repaired








Paikgacha (Khulna)






Cordaid Distribution of winter vegetable seeds Total 3,000 packets of winter vegetable seeds distributed








Paikgacha (Khulna)



Monirampur Mosimnagar 300 DRO, Jessore

Page | 82

(Jessore)

Organization Funded by* Support so

far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions

Number of HH covered

SI ECHO (Phase - 1) CFW 01/01/12 01/03/12 Tala

Jalalpur 1190

Kshesra 818

Khalishkhalli 524

Magura 429

Total 2961

SI ECHO (Phase - 1) CFT 01/01/12 01/03/12 Tala

Jalalpur 388

Kshesra 164

Khalishkhalli 146

Magura 122

Total 820

Organization Funded by* Support so

far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions

Number of HH covered

SI ECHO (Phase - 2)

Ongoing CFW 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala

Jalalpur 1291

Kshesra 912

Khalishkhalli 1011

Magura 655

Total 3869

SI ECHO (Phase - 2)

Ongoing CFT 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala

Jalalpur 1291

Kshesra 912

Khalishkhalli 1011

Magura 655

Total 3869


covered

SI DFID SHELTER + 01/02/12 01/31/12 Tala Jalalpur 979

Page | 83

Ongoing Latrine Kshesra 322

Surulia 99

Dhandia 92

Tala 179

Kumira 202

Total 1873

Islamic Relief

SL Activity Total target Balli Labsha Total Achievement

Target Achievement Target Achievement

1 Cash for Training 850 family 425 Family 425 Family 425 Family 425 Family 850 Family

Cash distribute 2550000 BDT 1275000BDT 1275000BDT 1275000BDT 1275000BDT 25500000 BDT

2 Hygiene kit distribution 1800 family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 1800 Family

3 Cash for Work 750 family 375 Family 375 Family 375 Family 375 Family 750 Family

4 Provision of HH Latrines 70 family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 70 Family

5 Deep tube well

installation

5 nos 0 0 5 5 5 Complete

6 Tube well repairing 6 nos 0 0 6 6 6 Complete

7 Shelter construction 70 family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 70 Family

8 Shelter repairing 60 family 30 Family 30 Family 30 Family 30 Family 60 Family

District Upazilla Union Satkhira Sadar Labsha

Balli

Page | 84

9 Winter kit distribution 1800 Family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 1800 Family


Islamic Relief Worldwide Bangladesh

ECHO CFW 01/02/12 03/06/12 Monirampur

Monoharpur 1127

CFT 8/5/2012 10/6/2012 Monoharpur

CFW 01/02/2012 7/6/2012 Keshobpur

Biddanandankati 713

CFT 8/5/2012 10/6/12 Biddanandankati

CFW 1/02/2012 7/6/2012 Keshobpur

Sagardari 500

CFT 8/5/2012 12/6/2012 Sagordari

Total 2340

Islamic Relief Worldwide Bangladesh

DFID FRESH (shelter) 01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Jhaudanga 120

01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Balli 555

01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Labsha 480

01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Brahmmarajpur 276

01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Fingri 292

01-02-12 31-01-13 Debhata Kulia 383

Total 2106

Page | 85

Beneficiary Distribution-FRESH project

District INGO PNGO Upazilla Working

Unions (As per PP)

Working Unions

(revised and final)

Beneficiary per union

Satkhira

IRW Operational

(self-implementation)

Debhata Kulia Kulia 383

Satkhira sadar

Balli, Lebsha, Zhaudanga, Fingri, Brahmarajpur,

Brammarajpur 276

Zhawdanga 120

Fringri 292

Balli 555

Labsha 480

Total (a) 2106

Care

Samadhan Tala Nagarghata, Khalilnagar

Nagarghata 374 khalilnagar 697

Sushilan

Tala Islamkati Islamkathi 950

Satkhira sadar

Dhulihar , Baikari Dulihar 464 baikari 297

Total (b) 2782

SI Operational (self-implementation)

Tala Jalalpur, Keshra, Sarulia

Jalalpur 980 tala 179 kumira 212 Keshra 311 dhandia 92 Sarulia 99

Total (c) 1873

AAB

Dalit

Tala Kumira , Khalishakhali and Magura

Kumira 457

Bhumija Foundation

Khalishakhali 959 Magura 426

Total (d) 1842

OGB Banchte Sekha Tala Tala Sadar, Tentulia, Dhandia

Tetulia 603

Tala szadar (4, 7) 482

Total (e) 1085

Total Satkhira (1) 9688

Jessore CWW Samadhan

Monirampur

Monoharpur Monoharpur 88 Jhapa, Moshimnagar, Monohorpur

Mushim Nagor 131

Jhapa 143

Keshobpur Sagardari, biddanandakati, Sufalakati

Biddanandakhati 603 Sagordari 297 Sufalakathi 141

Total (f) 1403 Total Jessore (2) 1403

Page | 86

Grand Total (1+2) 11091

rapid follow up food security assessment

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