range of motion
DESCRIPTION
latihan romTRANSCRIPT
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran UniversityNursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Range of Motion
Irman Somantri, S.Kp. M.Kep.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
definisi
• The maximum movement that is possible for that joint
• Is the extent of movement that a joint is normally capable of
• Joint range of motion varies from individual• Determined by genetic makeup, developmental
pattern, the presence or absence of disease and the amount of physical activity in which person normally engages
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Types of Joint Movement• Flexion X Extension X Hyperextension• Abduction X Adduction• Rotation X Circumduction• Eversion X Inversion• Pronation X Supination
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
• Fleksi : menurunkan sudut antara dua tulang• Ekstensi : meningkatkan sudut antara dua tulang• Hyperekstensi : Ekstensi lebih lanjut antara dua tulang atau
peregangan keluar dari sendi• Abduksi : pergerakan tulang menjauhi dari garis tengah
tubuh• Adduksi : Pergerakan tulang mendekati garis tengah tubuh• Rotasi : Pergerakan dari tulang memutar dari porosnya
(Gerakan kepala melihat bahu)– Rotasi Internal : gerakan ke arah garis tengah tubuh– Rotasi Eksternal : gerakan menjaui garis tengah tubuh.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
• Sirkumduksi : gerakan dari bagian distal tulang mengelilingi ujung proksimal
• Eversi : gerakan telapak kaki keluar dengan menggerakan sendi mata kaki
• infersi : gerakan dari telapak kaki kedalam dengan menggerakan sendi mata kaki
• Pronasi : gerakan telapak tangan sehingga telapak tangan bergerak dari anterior menjadi posterior dalam posisi anatomik atau perputaran telapak tangan menghadap ke bawah.
• Supinasi : kebalikan dari pronasi
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Assessing Joint Mobility
• Size, shape, color & symmetry of opposite joints.
• Note masses, deformities or muscle atrophy.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Assessing Joint Mobility
• The ROM is appropriate to each joint and equal to its opposite joint.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Temporomandibular Joint
Buka mulut lebar-lebar dan kemudian tutup, pada saat memuka dan menutup palpasi temporomandibular joint dengan telunjuk dan jari tengah
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
ROM : Cervical Spine
• 450 Fleksi : sentuhkan dagu ke dada• 550 Ekstensi - hyperekstensi : lihat ke arah
langit-langit• 400 Fleksi Lateral : Sentuhkan telinga ke
masing-masing bahu• 700 Rotasi : Sentuhkan dagu ke masing-masing
bahu
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
ROM : Lumbar Spine
• 750 - 900 Fleksi : Sentuh kaki dengan jari-jari tangan
• 300 Ekstensi - hyperekstensi : Rentangkan ke arah belakang dengan lambat
• 300 Fleksi lateral : Rentangkan ke arah kiri dan kanan
• 300 Rotasi : Putar bahu ke arah kanan dan kiri
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
ROM : Bahu
• 1800 Fleksi : lengan lurus dengan badan gerakan ke atas
• 500 Hyperekstensi : lengan lurus digerakkan ke arah belakang
• 900 Rotasi internal eksternal• 1800 Abduksi : Gerakkan tangan kondisi lurus ke atas
ke arah luar• 500 Adduksi : Gerakkan tangan kondisi lurus ke
badan
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
ROM : Siku
• 1600 Fleksi : sentuhkan tangan ke bahu• 1800 Ekstensi : luruskan siku• 900 Pronasi• 900 Suppinasi
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
ROM : Tangan
• 900 Fleksi : Bengkokan tangan ke arah bawah• 700 Ekstensi : Bengkokan tangan ke arah atas• 550 Ulnar deviasi : Bengkokan tangan ke arah luar
(kelingking)• 200 Radial deviasi : Bengkokan tangan ke arah dalam
(ibu jari)
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
ROM : Panggul
Saat Klien berbaring• 1200 Fleksi : tekuk lutut gerakkan ke arah dada• 450 Abduksi : pertahankan kaki lurus, gerakkan
menjauhi badan• 400 Rotasi internal• 450 Rotasi eksternal • 300 Hyperekstensi : Tengkurap, kaki diangkat
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
ROM : Lutut
• 1300 Fleksi : Bengkokan lutut• 1800 Ekstensi : Luruskan lutut
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
ROM : Ankles
• 200 Dorso Fleksi : Gerakan kaki ke atas• 450 Plantar Fleksi : Gerakkan kaki menuju lantai• 300 Inversi : Berjalan dengan sisi luar kaki• 200 Eversi• Jari kaki : 900 Fleksi (berjalan dengan jari-jari kaki)
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Setelah ROM selesai
• Ukur panjang ekstremitas
Kaki dari SIAS menyilang ke Tulang Malleus Medial• Selanjutnya ukur kekuatan otot dengan Lovet’s Scale
(Syarat tidak ada kekakuan sendi, nyeri ekstremitas)
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
SKALA KEKUATAN OTOT
KEKUATAN
ISTILAH
TANDA
0 Zero Tidak terlihat adanya kontraksi otot
1 Trace Tidak ada pergerakan sendi dan hanya tampak adanya kontraksi otot
2 Poor ROM lengkap dengan gravitasi dieliminir (hanya menggeser)
3 Fair ROM lengkap melawan gravitasi
4 Good ROM lengkap dengan sedikit tahanan
5 Normal
ROM lengkap melawan gravitasi dengan tahanan penuh
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
TEST DIAGNOSTIK
• Radiologi• Blood Test– Serum Calcium– Serum Phosphat
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Counter indication of ROM
1. Dislocated or unhealed fracture (fx).2. Immediately after surgery (sx) on tendons,
ligaments, muscles, joint capsules or skin.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Precautions with ROM
1. Infection or inflammation around a joint.2. Pain medication3. Osteoporosis4. Arthritis
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
The effect of ROM on ADL’s
• Movement in bed i.e. sitting in bed, rising from bed and turning over.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Dressing
• What affects would not being able to dress yourself have on you? On your client?
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
When sitting keep your back straight.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Factors That Affect Body Alignment and Mobility
1. Developmental---Age of Client2. Physical Health—Chornic or Acute Disease3. Musculoskeletal: Congenital or acquired
abnormalities4. Nervous System: CVA5. Cardiovascular: orthostatic hypotension,
increased cardiac workload, thrombosis
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Factors Affecting (con’t)
6. Pulmonary: Atelectasis, Pneumonia7. Metabolic: Immobility Affects Normal
Metabolic Functioning8. Integumentary: Impaired Skin Integrity9. Urinary: Urinary stasis, renal calculi, UTI10. Mental Health: Physical Processes Slow
With Depression All of These Effect….
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Normal Body Alignment…
• While Standing• While Sitting• While Lying In Bed
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Clients in Bed
• Evaluate Comfort After Positioning for Alignment
• Reposition q2h Use Repositioning for effective ROM
• Use Supportive Devises for Positioning
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
PERENCANAAN
TUJUAN UMUM1. Mencegah Deformitas2. Mencegah Ketegangan otot & Kelemahan3. Mencegah Luka Tekanan
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
PERENCANAAN
• Atur posisi tidur• Latihan & Ambulasi Dini • Medikamentosa
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Fowler’s Positions• Close to High Fowler’s • Semi-Fowler’s
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Side-lying/Dorsal Recumbent Position
• Major weight on dependant hip and shoulder.
• Use supportive foam blocks or pillows for support
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Sims Position• Weight supported by
anterior aspects of humerus, clavicle and ileum.
• These pressure points are different from other positions, i.e. supine, thereby preserving skin integrity.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Prone Position
• This prone position can be used to prevent contractures in knees and hips.
• Prone position counter indicated with spinal cord clients.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Positioning/Moving a Client Up in Bed
• Allow patient to move himself if he can.• HOB down---don’t move up hill.• Position height of bed for nurses’ comfort.• Have patient flex knees, chin to chest, arms folded
across chest• Nurses tightens abdominal girdles, flex knees.• Nurses shift weight, moving patient.• Reposition HOB, bed in low position.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Use Mechanical Devises
• Lifts will save backs, yours included.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Turning a Patient
• Determine what patient can do, find assistance if it is needed.
• Position height of bed for nurses’ comfort.• Position patient supine on far side of bed.• Patient arms across chest, far leg over near
one.• Tighten girdles, flex knees.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Turning Patient (con’t)
• Place one hand on patient shoulder, other on hip.
• Roll patient toward you.• Position patient for comfort, support with
pillows if need be.• Raise side rails, lower bed.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Jenis Latihan ROM
1. Latihan Aktif– Pasien dengan paralisis ekstremitas
sebagian– Pasien bedrest tanpa kontra indikasi
2. Latihan Pasif– Pasien semikoma atau tidak sadar– Pasien usia lanjut dengan mobilitas
terbatas– Pasien bedrest total– Pasien dengan paralisis ekstremitas
total
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Jenis ……………
3. Latihan Aktif-Assistif : diberikan dengan jalan pasien menggerakan sendiri bagian tubuhnya, dan perawat membantu pada bagian yang tidak mampu pasien lakukan.
4. Latihan Isometrik / Statik : tidak ada sendi yang bergerak dan panjang dari otot tidak berubah. Pasien secara sadar meningkatkan tekanan pada otot tanpa menggerakan sendi.
5. Latihan Resistif : tdd kontraksi dari otot melawan tekanan yang berlawanan. Latihan Resistif dapat meningkatkan ukuran otot, kekuatan dan tenaga.
Nursing FacultyPadjajdaran University
Care Plan
ROM should be included in the patient’s care plan unless counter indicated.
Move each joint to the point of resistance, NOT pain.
Use good body mechanics as you do ROM with your patients.