railways lead the way chapter 19, section 1 pgs. 556-559
TRANSCRIPT
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Railways Lead the Way
Chapter 19, Section 1
Pgs. 556-559
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Consolidation
The practice of combining separate companies
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Standard Gauge The uniform width
of railroad tracks adopted in the 1880s.
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Rebates Secret discounts that large railroads offered
to their biggest customers.
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Pools Secret agreements railroad barons made
amongst themselves.
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Railway Lines in the Nation There were 5
railway lines in the nation by the 1890s.
By 1900, 250,000 more miles of track had been laid.
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Vanderbilt Vanderbilt gained
control of the New York line and made a fortune by consolidating several companies.
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Railroads Lead to Industrial Growth
Iron – used to make steel Steel – tracks and trains Lumber – tracks Coal – to run the steam engine trains
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Advantage of a Standard Gauge It allowed trains from different railroads to
use the same rails, eliminating the transfer of goods from one train to another.
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Technological Developments Air brakes Janney car
couplers Refrigerated
cars Pullman
sleeping car
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Railroad Barons By consolidating and driving other railroads
out of business using rebates and pools railroad barons were able to make huge fortunes.
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Time and Distance
They began to measure distances by how many hours the trip would take instead of how many miles traveled.
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Effects of Railroad Expansion1. People moved westward2. Industry moved westward3. Transporting raw materials to factories and
manufactured goods to market became more efficient
4. Cities and towns grew along the railroads5. New technologies were developed6. The American economy grew7. Many people became wealthy