railway group kth railway group center for research and education in railway technology - railway...

Railway Group

KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden

High-Speed Rail in Scandinavia - What are the alternatives?

KTH Railway GroupBo-Lennart Nelldal, Ph D

Professor2013-04-10

Railway Group

KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 2

Cost

Competition/Cooperation

Profitability

KTH Railway Group- System approach

Revenue

Efficient train system

Security

Capacity

Break through of privat car

En

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1

En

erg

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2

Air expansion

Quality crises

Clim

ate

cris

is

New tr

acks

and tr

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Rec

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KTH Järnvägsgruppen • Centrum för forskning och utbildning i järnvägsteknik

JärnvägsgruppenJärnvägsgruppen

2007-09-19 4

Real High Speed in France:

Paris-Marseille780 km travel time: 3:05Average speed 250 km/h

Newbuilt line double trackDedicated high speed line

High Speed in NorwayOslo-Trondheim

553 km travel time: 6:38Average speed 80 km/h

Old line single trackMixed operation

High Speed in SwedenStockholm-Malmö

600 km travel time: 4:25Average speed 135 km/h

Upgraded line double track Mixed operation

Railway Group


When is Real High-Speed Lines possible in Scandinavia?

• There should be a major endpoint market with long-distance travel

• There should be significant intermediate markets along the route

• There should be a high demand for freight transport for getting benefits of separating freight and fast passenger trains

Freight transport flows in Sweden

blue=truckred=rail

lilac=shipping

Passenger transportLong distance

travels >100km

With all modes assigned on the road

network

Railway Group


StockholmGöteborg

Malmö

Uppsala

Gävle

Stockholm

S:t Petersburg

Köpen-hamn

Hamburg

Göteborg

Oslo

Malmö

Tammerfors

Århu

s

Uppsala

Åbo

Umeå

Uleåborg

Trondheim

Moss

Bergen

Stavanger

VästeråsÖrebro

NorrköpingLinköping

Jönköping

Helsing-borg

Odense

Ålborg

Gävle

Sundsvall

Östersund

FalunBorlänge

Örnsköldsvik

Skellefteå

Luleå

Borå

sTrollhättan

Lund

Eskils-tuna

Halmstad

Varberg

Karls

tad

Ortsstorlek

>1 miljinvånare

0,5-1,0 milj inv.

250-500 tusen inv.

100-250 tusen inv.

50-100 tusen inv.

Tallinn

Riga

Kiev

Bremen

Målstandard

Blandtrafik 250 km/h

Annan viktig linje

Helsingfors

Skövde


Big freight flows

Railway Group


StockholmGöteborg

Malmö

Uppsala

Gävle

Stockholm

S:t Petersburg

Köpen-hamn

Hamburg

Göteborg

Oslo

Malmö/Copenhagen

Tammerfors

Århu

s

Uppsala

Åbo

Umeå

Uleåborg

Trondheim

Moss

Bergen

Stavanger

VästeråsÖrebro


Jönköping

Helsing-borg

Odense

Ålborg

Gävle

Sundsvall

Östersund

FalunBorlänge

Örnsköldsvik

Skellefteå

Luleå

Borå

sTrollhättan

Lund

Eskils-tuna

Halmstad

Varberg

Karls

tad

Ortsstorlek

>1 miljinvånare

0,5-1,0 milj inv.

250-500 tusen inv.

100-250 tusen inv.

50-100 tusen inv.

Tallinn

Riga

Kiev

Bremen

Målstandard


Annan viktig linje

HelsingforsSkövde


Big passenger flows

Railway Group


StockholmGöteborg

Malmö

Uppsala

Gävle

Stockholm

S:t Petersburg

Köpen-hamn

Hamburg

Göteborg

Oslo

Malmö/Copenhagen

Tammerfors

Århu

s

Uppsala

Åbo

Umeå

Uleåborg

Trondheim

Moss

Bergen

Stavanger

VästeråsÖrebro


Jönköping

Helsing-borg

Odense

Ålborg

Gävle

Sundsvall

Östersund

FalunBorlänge

Örnsköldsvik

Skellefteå

Luleå

Borå

sTrollhättan

Lund

Eskils-tuna

Halmstad

Varberg

Karls

tad

Ortsstorlek

>1 miljinvånare

0,5-1,0 milj inv.

250-500 tusen inv.

100-250 tusen inv.

50-100 tusen inv.

Tallinn

Riga

Kiev

Bremen

Målstandard


Annan viktig linje

HelsingforsSkövde


Big freight flows+

Big passenger flows=

Traffic separation is necessary

Railway Group


Trondheim

Bergen

Stavanger

Oslo

Stockholm

Copenhagen/Malmö

Hamburg

Berlin

Strategic Corridors

GothenburgKristiansand

Umeå

Aarhus

Odense

Sundsvall

Railway Group


Customer requirements for passenger transport

• 3 hrs travel time: Daily business travel possible and a good alternative to air from city to city

• 2 hrs travel time: Train substitute air transport and is also competetive for transfer to airports

• 1 hr travel time: Daily commuting possible, induces new travel and have impacts on localisation

Railway Group


Railway Group


1 freight train every 40 minutes

1 truck every 15 seconds

International transports 2011– between Sweden and the continent of western

Europe

Both directions incuded1 EU-truck average load 15 tons

1 freight train avrege load 600 tons1 freight train = 40 trucks

Railway Group


Customer requierments for freight transport

• On time performance and on line information

• Appropriate transport time i.e. production on daytime and transport overnight 18:00-6:00

• Low cost: Lower than truck

• High capacity: Loading gauge, axle load, train length and train weight

Railway Group


Capacity with mixed and separated traffic

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

0

83.5

167

Tid [min]

Avs

tånd

[km

]

Förbigångsstationen använd för att köra fler persontåg och godståg

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

0

83.5

167

Tid [min]

Avs

tånd

[km

]

Bara godståg

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

0

83.5

167

Tid [min]

Avs

tånd

[km

]

Bara snabbtåg

Capacity with mixed trafficConsumes capacity

Capacity with only freight trains

Capacity with only high speed trains

Railway Group

KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 2010-05-1816

Capacity for freight trains with different investmentsstrategies for Stockholm-Gothenburg and Stockholm-Malmö

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Järna - Hallsberg Hallsberg - Göteborg Mjölby - Hässleholm

Slo

ts f

or

frei

gh

t tr

ain

s p

er d

irec

tio

n o

n d

ay-t

ime

Maximum 2008 With uppgraded main lines With high speed lines

Railway Group


High-Speed Trains have good punctuality- because they have their own track

High Speed Train Shinkansen between Tokyo and Osaka• 11 trains per hour and direction with regular overtakings• Average delay was only 42 seconds at 2005 • Includes typhoons and blizzards!

Railway Group


Operating speed today and design speed for HSL

Speed in km/h

Conventional lineswith mixed traffic

New high speed lines

Max speedtoday

Possible speed

Planningfor max

Operating speed

Mixedtraffic

Norway 210 210 330 330 Possible

Sweden 200 250 320 320 No

Denmark 180 180 250 (300?)

200 Possible

Germany 230 230 330 300 Some lines

France 200 200 360 320 No

19

Trondheim

Bergen

Stavanger

Oslo

Stockholm

Copenhagen/Malmö

Hamburg

Berlin


2:11 6:38

1:40 3:55

2:10 4:27

3:02 6:38

2:06 6:41

2:47 6:05

4:00 8:12

5:30 13:00

Norwegian state High Speed Investigation

2:45 6:38

With High Speed Lines Travel time h:min with fastest train to/from Oslo Today (2011)

2:45 6:38

Only High Speed TrainsFreight trains on old lines

Railway Group


Trondheim

Bergen

Stavanger

Oslo

Stockholm

Copenhagen/Malmö

Hamburg

Berlin


2:11 6:38

1:40 3:55

2:10 4:27

3:02 6:38

2:06 6:41

2:47 6:05

4:00 8:12

5:30 13:00

Norwegian state High Speed Investigation

2:45 6:38

20

Trondheim

Bergen

Stavanger

Oslo

Stockholm

Copenhagen/Malmö

Hamburg

Berlin


2:30 6:38

1:45 3:55

1:55 4:27

2:25 6:41

2:47 6:05

4:05 8:12

5:35 13:00

Norsk Bane AS High Speed Investigation

With High Speed Lines Travel time h:min with fastest train to/from Oslo Today (2011)

2:45 6:38

2:25 6:38

Ålesund 2:30 6:38

Only High Speed TrainsFreight trains on old lines

Both High Speed Trains, InterCity andFreight trains

Railway Group


4:40

2:25

2:00

Copenhagen

BerlinHamburg

5:30

2:55

Malmö

Gothenburg 1:20 Jönköping

Stockholm

Swedish State investigation and Europe Corridor

Only High Speed Trains - Freight trains on old lines

Railway Group


4:40

2:25

2:00

Copenhagen

BerlinHamburg

5:30

2:55

Malmö


Stockholm

Copenhagen

BerlinHamburg

6:25

Malmö


Stockholm

2:00

3:20

3:50

3:20 Oslo

5:35

Swedish State investigation and Europe Corridor



COINCO

Railway Group


The missing link in COINCO

Copenhagen

BerlinHamburg

Malmö


Stockholm

2:00

3:20

3:50

3:20 Oslo

Copenhagen

BerlinHamburg

Malmö


Stockholm

2:00

4:05

4:35

3:20 Oslo

Double track for 200-250 km/h

ready 2021

2:25

2:55

New link for Approx

40 Mdr SEK

New link for approx 80?

Mdr SEK

Railway Group


Railway Group


Planning in Denmark and Germany

Railway Group


Denmark

Planed and decided completed 2021

•Köpenhamn-Köge-Ringsted new double track 250 km/h with ETCS

•Ringsted-Rödby upgraded line 200 km/h

•Storströmsbron new double track bridge 200 km/h

•Rödby-Puttgarden new double track tunnel, 200 km/h

Mixed operation - sometimes with alternative routes

Railway Group


Germany

Planed and decided completed to 2021

•Puttgarden-Lübeck partly single track electrified, 160 km/h

•Fehmarnsund single track bridge (regional project double track)

•Lübeck-Hamburg four track Hamburg-Bargteheide 160 km/h

Mixed operation

Railway Group


Denmark - Germany


•Partly single, double, four track

•160 km/h

•Mixed operation

•Regional plans for higher standard

•No state plans for higher standard

Mostly mixed operation


•Double track

•200-250 km/h

•Some alternative routes for freight

•Loading gauge G1 axle load 25 tons

Railway Group


Trondheim

Bergen

Stavanger

Oslo

Stockholm

Hamburg

Berlin

Vision for future High Speed Railin Scandinavia


New high speed links double trackfor 250-350 km/h

Conventional lines with upgraded track for 200-250 km/h

Copenhagen/Malmö

Railway Group


Vision for Green Freight Corridors in

Europe Prioritized Railway network

• High Capacity

• Deregulated

• Non bueraucratic

• Competitive track fees

• Long trains

• High and wide loading gauge

• Interoperability

• Intermodality

Railway Group


The Øresund and Fehmarnbelt Links- Setting a new standard for freight

Øresund LinkNetwork statment 2014

Fehmarnbelt planned

Speed 200 km/h (passenger) √

Train Length 1000 m √

Wagon mass 4000 tons √

Loading gauge SE-C (3,60x4,83) √

Intermodal gauge P/C 450 (2,60x4,83) √

Meter load 8,3 tons/m √

Axle load 25 tons √

Distant signals 2500 m 1800 m

Gradient WB <12,4‰ (bridge), <15,4‰ (tunnel)EB <15,6‰ (bridge), <15,4‰ (tunnel)

<12,5‰

Source: Hans Boysen, KTH



32

Decision taken

• To build Ostlänken Stockholm-Linköping and Gothenburg-Landvetter for 250-320 km/h dedicated lines as a first step of a real high speed lines in Sweden

• To build double track from Öxnered-Gothenburg-Malmö-Copenhagen for 200-250 km/h mixed traffic

• To build double track from Copenhagen-Puttgarden for 200-250 km/h mostly mixed traffic

• To build double track for 200-250 km/h Oslo-Halden mixed traffic t.b.d?

• To apply Öresund standard for freight on Rödby-Puttgarden



33

What is missing?

• A strategic plan for high speed passenger transport from Scandinavia to northern Germany

• A strategic plan for high capacity freight transport from Scandinavia to northern Germany

• A common standard for speed on upgraded and new built lines in Scandinavia

• A best practice standard for loading gauge and axle load for freight on upgraded and new built lines

• A plan for financing and build the missing links as fast as possible



34

What can we achieve?

• Very short travelling times and increase the availiability for people and business

• Better capacity for freight and regional trains on the conventional tracks

• Better climate and enviroment because people go by train instead of plane and car and more freight will go by rail

• Replace airplanes on distances up to 600 kilometres and cooperate with planes for feeder transports

• A sustainable society

Railway Group


Thank You!

Home page:www.railwaygroup.kth.se

[email protected]

railway group kth railway group center for research and education in railway technology - railway...

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