raft foundation analysis using matlab and …

i

RAFT FOUNDATION ANALYSIS USING MATLAB AND CRYSTAL

BALL PROGRAM

Final Project

to complete the requirements to

achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering

Prepared by :

Aulia Rahman Al-Alaby

NIM : D 100 102 001

To

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2014

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PREFACE

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah azza wa jalla who has given blessing and

mercies until this Final Project can be completed. This Final Project to complete most

the requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering Department,

Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The author also says

thanks for all parties who give any support for arrangement this Final Project until it

can be completed.

The accomplishment this Final Project the author will say thanks to other

parties :

1) Sri Sunarjon,PhD as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

2) Mohammad Solikin,PhD as Head of Civil Engineering Department of Universitas


3) Suhendro Trinugroho as author’s academic advisor who has given many

suggestion for author’s academic.

4) Agus Susanto,S.T,M.T. as major advisor who has guided and taught the author.

5) Anto Budi Listyawan,S.T,M.Sc. as secondary advisor major advisor who has

guided and taught the author.

6) Ir. Renaningsih,M.T. as examiner who has given some advices to make this final

project better.

7) All lecturers in Civil Engineering Department of Engineering Faculty of

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta thanks for your guidance and knowledge.

8) Dad, mom and my beloved family who always give me support. Thanks for your

praise and wish a long this time, may Allah give you a reward as well as you give

to me.

vi

“And whenever you give your word, say the truth”

(al-An`aam 6:152)

“The only way to have the greatest work in your life

is love what you do first”

(Anonim)

“You are creator for your own future “

(Anonim)

“Idza shodaqol „azmu wadhohas sabil”

(Mahfudzot)

“Do your own thingking independently

Be the chess player, not the chess piece”

(Anonim)

“Make up one idea. Make that idea on your life

– think of it, dream of it, live on that idea.

Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part

of your body, be full of that idea,

and just leave every other idea alone.

This is the way to success.

(Swami Vivekananda)

MOTTO

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah azza wa jalla who has given blessing and

mercies until this Final Project can be completed. This Final Project to complete most

the requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering Department,

Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The author also says

thanks for all parties who give any support for arrangement this Final Project until it

can be completed.

The accomplishment this Final Project the author will say thanks to other

parties :

1) Sri Sunarjono,PhD as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas


2) Mochammad Solikin,PhD as Head of Civil Engineering Department of

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

3) Suhendro Trinugroho as author’s academic advisor who has given many

suggestion for author’s academic.

4) Agus Susanto,S.T,M.T. as major advisor who has guided and taught the author.

5) Anto Budi Listyawan,S.T,M.Sc. as secondary advisor who has guided and taught

the author.

6) Ir. Renaningsih,M.T. as examiner who has given some advices to make this final

project better.

7) All lecturers in Civil Engineering Department of Engineering Faculty of

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta thanks for your guidance and knowledge.

8) Dad, mom and my beloved family who always give me support. Thanks for your

praise and wish a long this time, may Allah give you a reward as well as you give

to me.

ix

TABLE OF CONTENT

FINAL PROJECT TITLE…………………………………………………………...i

CERTIFICATION SHEET……...………………………………………………….ii

PREFACE…………………………………………………….……………………..iii

DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP……………………………………………..v

MOTTO……………………………………………………………………………...vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………vii

TABLE OF CONTENT..…………………………………………………………...ix

LIST OF FIGURE………………….……………………………………………..xiii

LIST OF TABLE.…………………………………………………………………..xv

LIST OF NOTATION…...………………………………………………………..xvi

ABSTRACTION…..……………..………………………………………………xviii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of The Research…………………………………..1

B. Statement of The Research……………………………………..2

C. The Research Objectives……………………………………….2

D. Benefit of The Research………………………………………..3

E. Limitation of The Research…………………………………….3

F. The Originality of The Research……………………………….3

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

Raft Foundation…………………………………………………...5

1. The Types of Raft Foundation…………………………………6

2. Bearing Capacity of The Raft Foundation……………………..7

3. Consolidation of Raft Foundation……………………………...9

4. Structural Design of Raft Foundation………………………...11

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CHAPTER III THEORORITICAL REVIEWS

A. CPT (Cone Penetration Test)…………………………………15

1. Application……………………………………………15

2. Equipment and Supplies………………………………15

3. Implementation and Operation………………………..15

4. Calculation……………………………………………16

B. Statistic………………………………………………………..16

C. Measurement and Display Data………………………………17

D. Probability Distribution……………………………………….18

1. Normal Distribution…………………………………..18

2. Gamma Distribution…………………………………..19

3. Beta Distribution……………………………………...19

4. Log-Normal Distribution……………………………..20

E. Chi-Square Test………………………………………………20

F. Introduction Program MATLAB……………………………..21

G. Introduction Program Crystal Ball……………………………21

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHOD

A. General………………………………………………………..23

B. Research Data…………………………………………………23

C. Research Tool…………………………………………………23

1. MATLAB Program…………………………………...23

2. Crystal Ball Program………………………………….23

3. Drawing Program (AutoCAD 2007)………………….23

4. Microsoft Office (Office 2010)……………………….23

D. Research Step…………………………………………………23

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CHAPTER V ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

A. CPT Data Hotel Anugerah Palace…………………………..28

B. Capacity Analysis of Raft Foundation………………………..38

1. Calculation of Data Sondir S1………………………...39




5. Calculation of All Combined Data Sondir……………40

C. Statistical Analysis……………………………………………40

1. Data Preparation of MATLAB Program……………...40

2. Value of Chi-Square ( )……………………………..40

3. Chi-Square Test ( )………………………………….42

D. Parameters of Statistics……………………………………….47

1. Mean (Average Value)………………………………..47

2. Standard Deviation……………………………………48

3. The Coefficient of Variation (V)……………………..48

E. Raft Foundation Analysis With Probability Method Using

Crystal Ball Program………………………………………….49

1. Calculation at Point 1 (S1)……………………………50




5. Calculation Combined All Point……………………...60

F. Structural Design of Raft Foundation………………………...63

Determination of The Thickness of The Mat…………………78

Determination of Reinforcement……………………………...79

Calculation Length of Pressure Distribution………………….81

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CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion…………………………………………………….86

B. Suggestion…………………………………………………….86

REFERENCE

APPENDIX

viii

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure II.1. Types of foundation (Listiyonobudi.blogspot.com)..…………………7

Figure II.2. Raft foundation………………………………………………………..8

Figure IV.1. Flow chart research step……………………………………..............25

Figure IV.2. Flow chart MATLAB…………………………………………..........26

Figure IV.3. Flow chart Crystal Ball program……………………….....................27

Figure V.1. Statistical test graphic for point 1 (S1)………………………………41

Figure V.2. Frequency graph beginning at point 1 (S1)………………………….50

Figure V.3. Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 1 (S1)……………..50

Figure V.4. The Result of statistical test at point 1 (S1)………………………….51

Figure V.5. 50% SF frequency graph at point 1 (S1)…………………………….51

Figure V.6. End of the frequency graph at point 1 (S1)……………….................52


Figure V.8. Frequency graph beginning at point 2 (S2)…………………….........53

Figure V.9. Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 2 (S2)……………...53



Figure V.12. End of the frequency graph at point 2 (S2)…………….....................55



Figure V.15. Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 3 (S3)……………...56



Figure V.18. End of the frequency graph at point 3 (S3)………………………….58



Figure V.21. Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 4 (S4)……………..59

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Figure V.24. End of the frequency graph at point 4 (S4)………………………….61

Figure V.25. Statistical test graphic combined all point…………………………...61

Figure V.26. Frequency graph beginning combined all point…………..................62

Figure V.27. Sketch of raft foundation…………………………………………….63

Figure V.28. The load eccentricities in the x and y direction………………………64

Figure V.29. Distribution load for strip x and y……………………………………69

Figure V.30. Cross section of foundation………………………………………….82

Figure V.31. Sketch of bar placement……………………………………………...83

Figure V.32. Cross section A - A…..………………………………………............84

Figure V.33. Cross section B - B………...………………………………………...85

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LIST OF TABLE

Table II.1. Safety factor for each type of failure (source: analisa dan desain

pondasi, Josep E. Bowles)…………………………………………….8

Table II.2. Consolidation for foundation………………………………………….9

Table II.3. Differential consolidation according to committee 436……………..11

Table V.1. Sondir data at point 1 (S1)…………………………………………...28



Table V.4. Sondir data at point 4 (S4)………………………...............................37

Table V.5. Result of statistical test for the value of best fit distribution (qc)...41

Table V.6. Test result for the statistical of best fit distribution (qc) combined

all point………………………………………………………………42

Table V.7. Calculation result best fit distribution (qc) at any point and

combined…………………………………………………………….47

Table V.8. Result Mean value calculation for each point and combined all

points………………………………………………………………...48

Table V.9. The result of the calculation of the standard deviation value for each

point and combined all points………………………………………..48

Table V.10. The result of the calculation of the coefficient of variation each point

and combined all point………………………………………………49

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LIST OF NOTATION

qc = Tip resistance (kg/m2)

fs = Sleeve friction (cm2)

Df = Depth (m)

B = Width (m)

Elb = Flexible stiffness of the upper part of the building and raft foundation.

Es = Modulus of elasticity of soil.

H = Height ( m )

Elf = Flexible stiffness raft foundation

Q = Total load of columns (kN/m2)

q = The pressure on the soil (kN/m2)

A = Width of area ( m2

)

Ix = Moment of inertia about the x-axis.

Iy = Moment of inertia about the y-axis.

My = Moment of the column loads about the x-axis.

Mx = Moment of the column loads about the x-axis.

L = Length ( m )

F = Load modification factor ( kN/m2 )

U = Factored column load ( MN )

Φ = Reduction factor

xvii

= Compressive strength of concrete at 28 days (MN/m

2).

bo = The location of the column with respect to the plan of the mat (m).

d = Diameter of column (m).

As = Area of steel per unit width ( cm )

Fy = Yield stress of reinforcement in tension

Mu = Factored moment

σ = Standard deviation

= Chi-square

= frequency observations

= Expected frequency

xviii

ABSTRACTION

RAFT FOUNDATION ANALYSIS USING MATLAB AND CRYSTAL

BALL PROGRAM

Solo city is a city that is located in central of java, as the result solo city

becomes trade center in java island. Furthermore, the position of the town as a solo 3-

way intersection of the east of the area east of Java, north of the area and the coast

road west of the city of Yogyakarta. This opportunity is needed to make any

investment such as hotel. Hotel Anugerah Palace is built on area of 1100 m2, consists

of 9 floors and 1 Basement. The project is scheduled to finish in June 2013. Due to

the construction of this hotel, it is located in center of the city and make the access is

easy.

This final project analyzes raft foundation using probability and structural

design. There are 2 program analysis, MATLAB and Crystal Ball which total load is

11602456,667 kg and width of area 1026,930 m2. CPT-Test data is analyzed using

statistics method to obtain frequency of distribution and statistics parameter such as

Mean, Standard Deviation, coefficient of variation. The value of qc as variable to

calculate raft foundation and results the value of Chi-Square ( ) that make 4 type of

distribution, normal distribution, gamma, beta and log-normal.

The result of MATLAB program analysis can be seen that for qc at point 1

(S1), 2 (S2), 3 (S3) and 4 (S4) the distribution value that represent is Normal and at

all point that combined the distribution value that represent is Normal. The result of

analysis program of MATLAB 7.0 can be seen that the result for best fit distribution

at all point and combined all point < (0.05 ; 3) (11,071). The result of Crystal Ball

program analysis by level of confidence 90% - 95% value of SF is 1,5 or more than it

and it is used for structural design for raft foundation. The result of structural design

of raft foundation which the thickness of mat is 1,26 m. The determination of

reinforcement for coordinate x and y axis, for area at sphere is used D25-140 and for

area at pillar is used D25-140 as main bar and D25-190 as prop bar.

Keyword: CPT-Test, Raft Foundation, MATLAB, Crystal Ball, Structural

Design

raft foundation analysis using matlab and …

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