RAF COLLEGE CRANWELLCollege History - Book 2

Cranwellians At WarVersion 4.0 dated 2 August 2021 created by IBM Steward 6GE

This booklet is the second of four summarising 100 years of College History. Bounded by ORB F540 entries of 3 September 1939 and 8 May 1945, this booklet chronicles some of the events involving the College and its alumni during the war years.

The other three booklets cover Cranwellian milestones either side of the war, viz:

• Book 1 - The Pre-War Formative Years, covering the trials and tribulations of setting up and sustaining an independent military air academy for the RAF and establishing it as the RAF’s spiritual home.

• Book 3 - The New Normal, covering the recovery from war, the impact of the Jet Age, the Cold War and the transition from a school-sourced flight cadet system to a Graduate Entry Scheme training the mature student with the same laudable aims and objectives in mind.

• Book 4 - Onwards an Upwards, covering the introduction of the Single Gate Initial Officer Training (SGIOT) systems and transition from IOT of the 80s to IOTC training of the new millennium.

Each book gives a summary of milestone events and achievements with embedded ‘hot links’ to supporting videos, audio and more detailed, researched material. Every attempt has been made to record facts as they occurred, with references to source material added where relevant. Many of the entries are extracts taken from the RAF College Journals issued at the time, themselves a reflection of College life.

Introduction

May 45

Notes Found on RAFC at War (1)These notes are believed to have been made by a Staff Officer as part of a brief for the RAF College Commandant.

There is no indication of when his brief was prepared, but is likely to have been during the 1960s.

Notes Found on RAFC at War (2)These notes are believed to have been made by a Staff Officer as part of a brief for the RAF College Commandant.

There is no indication of when his brief was prepared, but is likely to have been during the 1960s.

Notes Found on RAFC at War (3)These notes are believed to have been made by a Staff Officer as part of a brief for the RAF College Commandant.

There is no indication of when his brief was prepared, but is likely to have been during the 1960s.

Chief of the Air Staff - ex J39 Cadet & SFTS Course 5

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Andrew Henry Humphrey

GCB, OBE, DFC, AFC & Two Bars (10 Jan 1921 – 24 Jan 1977)

J39 Entry; graduated with SFTS

The day war was declared, 134 cadets from six pre-war entries had their training abruptly terminated, the College being closed immediately for officer training. Some, like AH Humphrey (later MRAF Sir Andrew Humphrey) who had not completed officer training, were enlisted as airmen u/t pilots to undergo flying training at the Service Flying Training School (SFTS) set up at RAF Cranwell. Others transferred to the RAFVR and received flying training at other FTS. From these humble beginnings, Sir Andrew went on to win not just one but three AFCs, as well as a DFC, an OBE and a GCB. He rose to the rank of Marshal of the Royal Air Force, a rarity, was only the second Cranwellian - the first was Sir Dermot Boyle - to become Chief of the Air Staff and the first to become Chief of Defence Staff.

Officer Training Abruptly TerminatedCadet Graduations in the Early 1940s

(Merged with Early SFTS Courses (1-4))

Cad

et N

umbe

rs

0

7.5

15

22.5

30

Cadet Entries (Superimposed by Graduation Timeline)Jan 38 Apr 38 Sep 38 Jan 39 Apr 39 Aug 40 (W)

4

3

2

1

12

3

21

19

25

23

19

27

GD(P)FCO StudentsKilled in TrgKilled in ActionWithdrew

Oct-Dec 1939 Mar-Aug 1940

War Years Training Statistics - College SFTS

Ninth College Commandant - ex-SFTS Course 7 Sqn 2

Hugh Gordon MALCOLM VCFlight Cadet J38 Entry

Born at Broughty Ferry, Dundee, Malcolm entered the Royal Air Force College Cranwell on 9 January 1936.

In January 1938, he joined 26 (Army Co-operation) squadron at Catterick. In May 1939, he suffered a serious head injury in a Westland Lysander crash. When the war started, Malcolm was serving with No 17 Training Group.

On 4 march 1941, he was promoted to Flight Lieutenant and was Air Liaison officer on General Bernard Montgomery's general staff.

By the end of 1941, he had risen to the rank of Squadron Leader and joined No 18 Squadron as a flight commander, flying the Br istol Blenhiem based in Suffolk, UK.

Kenneth CAMPBELL VCSFTS Course 5

(Extract from Wikipedia)

Ian Willoughby BAZALGETTE VC

SFTS Course 30 Sqn 2

VC Citation (London Gazette):

"On 4th August, 1944, Squadron Leader Bazalgette was ‘Master Bomber’ of a Pathfinder Squadron detailed to mark an important target at Trossy-St. Maximin for the main bomber force. When nearing the target his Lancaster came under heavy anti-aircraft fire. Both starboard engines were put out of action and serious fires broke out in the fuselage, and the starboard main-plane. The bomb aimer was badly wounded. As the deputy master bomber had already been shot down, the success of the attack depended on Squadron Leader Bazalgette, and this he knew. Despite the appalling conditions in his burning aircraft, he pressed on gallantly to the target, marking and bombing it accurately. That the attack was successful was due to his magnificent effort. After the bombs had been dropped the Lancaster dived, practically out of control. By expert airmanship and great exertion Squadron Leader Bazalgette regained control. But the port inner engine then failed and the whole of the starboard mainplane became a mass of flames. Squadron Leader Bazalgette fought bravely to bring his aircraft and crew to safety. The mid-upper gunner was overcome by fumes. Squadron Leader Bazalgette then ordered those of his crew who were able to leave by parachute to do so. He remained at the controls and attempted the almost hopeless task of landing the crippled and blazing aircraft in a last effort to save the wounded bomb aimer and helpless gunner. With superb skill, and taking great care to avoid a small French village nearby, he brought the aircraft down safely. Unfortunately, it then exploded and this gallant officer and his two comrades perished. His heroic sacrifice marked the climax of a long career of operations against the enemy. He always chose the more dangerous and exacting roles. His courage and devotion to duty were beyond praise.”

Born 19 October 1918Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Died 4 August 1944 (aged 25)Senantes, France

Buried Église Saint-Martin, SenantesService/branch British Army (1940–41)

Royal Air Force (1941–44)Years of service 1940–1944Rank Squadron LeaderUnit No. 115 Squadron RAF

No. 635 Squadron RAFBattles/wars Second World War

• European air campaign  †◦ Battle of the Ruhr◦ Battle of Berlin

Awards Victoria CrossDistinguished Flying Cross

SFTS Course 30

John Noel DOWLAND-RYAN GC

Squadron LeaderJohn Noel DOWLAND-RYAN

J34 Cadet Entry69 Sqn

(b. 06/11/1914 Lewisham.d. 13/01/1942 Malta.)

On 11 Feb 40, the SS Kildare was hit by two bombs. One exploded in the grain cargo, which shifted, causing the ship to list heavily; the other lodged in the after deck cabin, but did not explode. T h e s h i p l i m p e d i n t o Immingham Dock.

D o w l a n d - R y a n , w i t h Armament Instructor Leonard H a r r i s o n G C , fi t t e d a voltmeter to drain the electric charge. The locking rings were removed and the defused bomb was lowered into a t ruck for fur ther examination.

In Jun 40, Dowland-Ryan performed a similar feat of b rave ry w i th the same efficiency and promptitude on board a trawler.

He was killed in action near Malta in 1942.

Laurence Frank SINCLAIR GC

On 30 Sep 40, a Blenheim bomber was taking off from RAF Wattisham when one engine cut out and the bomber crashed in flames.

Sinclair immediately went to the scene to help, but two 250lb bombs exploded before he reached it. Undeterred, and knowing full well that there were two more 250lb bombs on board, he pressed on and dashed into the burning wreck.

Of the three crew, he was able to drag out the air gunner, Sergeant Walters, and take h i m t o a n a m b u l a n c e . Unfortunately, he died from his injuries. The pilot, Sergeant J Merrett was killed.

The navigator, Sergeant Byron, survived, but Sinclair did not discover this for 50 years.

Wing CommanderLaurence Frank SINCLAIR

S26 Cadet Entry110 Sqn

(b. 13/06/1908 Frinton on Sea, Essex. d. 14/05/2002 Oxfordshire.)

Battle of Britain Roll of Honour - True Cranwellians

(with some ‘editorial licence’ applied to these figures)

39 AMBROSE Richard39 ANDREAE Christopher John

Drake37-39 ATKINSON Harold Derrick

39-40 BACON Charles Harvey31-33 BADGER John Vincent Clarence

38-39 BENSON Noel John Victor

39 BURTON Percival Ross-Frames39 CHOMLEY John Allison George

35-37 COX Philip Anthony Neville

37 CROFTS Peter Guerin40 CROSSMAN John Dallas

39 D’ARCY-IRVINE Brian William Jesse

40 DAVEY John Arthur Joseph

26-27 DEWAR John Scatliff

36-37 DONALD Ian David Grahame

29-31 DREW Peter Edward

40 FLEMING Robert David Spittal

40 GAUNT Geoffrey Norman

33-35 HALL Noel Mudie

36-38 HANSON David Harry Wellsted38-39 HOGG Richard Malzard37-38 HOMER Michael Giles27-29 HOOD Hilary Richard Lionel39 JEBB Michael

38-39 JONES John Sinclair Bucknall

39-40 LECKY John Gage

35-37 LEE Richard Hugh Antony

40 MacDONALD Donald Kennedy

38-39 McKENZIE John Woffenden

36-38 MILEY Miles John

40 PYMAN Laurence Lee

33-34 SAWYER Henry Cecil

38-39 SHEPLEY Douglas Clayton

37-38 WAY Basil Hugh

38-39 WILDBLOOD Timothy Seddon

29-30 WILKINSON Rodney Levett

29-31 WILLIAMS Cedric Watcyn

38-39 WORSDELL Kenneth Wilson

(with some ‘editorial licence’ applied to these figures)

A38 AGNEW David Michael

S29 ANDREWS Lionel Vincent

S38 BARBOUR David Murray

S37 BARNWELL John Sandes

S32 BECK Hugh Denis

S24 BENNETT Leslie Clive

S38 BERRYMAN John Theadore

J39 BILDERBECK Anthony

J36 BIRD Francis Derek

S37 BOUWENS Adrian

J31 BRADFORD Ridley Lewkenor

J35 BROWNE Patrick Edgar Semphill Fairfax Monteagle

S34 BULLOCH Anthony Alexander Talbot

S27 BURKE Wilfred Ivanhoe Harris

S35 BUTLER Peter Saumarey

J38 CAMERON John Stewart

J36 CHALMERS Alan

A39 CHANDLER Gordon Emery

J39 CLIFFORD Ralph Henry

S25 COOKE de Lancy

J31 COVENTRY Harry Reginald

S38 COX Alex Robert Temple

S24 CUNNINGHAM James Charles (Killed 1939)

J39 DALZELL-McKEAN Michael Hugh

S38 DAVEY Terence John Frederick

F22 DAVIS Edward Simon Colbeck

J35 PEARSON Maxwell Charles

J31 PEMBERTON David Alwyne

J38 PHILLIPS Ian William

S35 PITCAIRN-HILL James Anderson

J39 PLUMB John Alfred

J35 ROBINSON Guy Percy (KOAS 1939)

J38 SALMOND John Geoffrey Carr

S37 SEEDS James

J39 SIBLEY Samuel Anthony Compton

J34 SKINNER Malcolm Phillips

J33 SMITH Frederick Mark

J39 SMYTH Timothy Norman

J35 SODEN Ian Scovil

J36 STANLEY Desmond Geoffrey

J38 STEUART RICHARDSON James Douglas

J37 STEVENS Barry Osborne Cornelius

S37 TILLETT James

A38 VAUGHAN Peter William

J35 VAUGHAN WILLIAMS Arthur Richard (Killed 1939)

S31 WALKER Ian Henry Douglas

A40 WATSON Arthur Roy

J25 WATT Percy MacGregor (KOAS 1939)

J38 WINGATE David Leslie

S37 WOOD James Edward Randell

J36 WORCESTER Anthony Gray

J39 DEAS James Henderson

A38 DELAMORE Arthur Frank

S35 de MONTMORENCY Raymond Harvey

A33 DICKSON Frederick Oscar

S35 DONNE Michael Stephen

J37 DUNN Horatio James Rennie

J38 EADIE John

J36 EDE Herman Francis Grant

A40 ERSKINE Basil Pollock

J24 FESTING-SMITH Patrick de Courcy

S28 FIELD Dennis Brian Douglas

S26 FRANKS Alexander Lumsden

J36 GEACH Trevor James

A40 GILBERT Henry Gordon

J30 GLENCROSS Arthur Roger

J36 GOULD Dermot Evlyn

S25 GRANNUM Clifton Winnington

S35 GREEN Dennis Richard Dale (KOAS 1939)

J26 GROOM Samuel Robert

J37 GULLEY Alfred Richard

J36 GUTHRIE James Reed

S37 HALLIDAY Christopher Ian Dunbar

S29 HALLIDAY Neville Anthony Roy

S37 HARDING Geoffey Fawconer

S37 HARRIS Robert Edward

J35 HARRIS Wilfred Arthur

J31 HASTINGS Mark

J37 HENDERSON Malcolm Lessels George

A39 HOSSACK Ian Milne

S35 HUGHES John McCulloch Middlemore

S37 HULTON Henry Stephen Penton

J37 HURST Tom

S29 INGHAM Edward Cuncliffe

S34 JOLLIFFE Peter Slade

S31 JONES Norman Clifford

A38 LEARMOND Patrick Alexander George

J38 LIGHT Cyril

S26 LLEWELYN John Griffith

J39 MACFARLANE Ruthven Arnold

J36 MAYBURY Donald Conrad

S21 MELLOR Harry Manners

J36 MIDDLETON John Derek

S36 MILEY Miles John

J38 MILSOM Darrell Edward David

J30 MONTAGU George Wroughton

J38 NETTLETON Patrick John Muriel

A38 NEWTON-CLARE John Edward

A40 PARKER Ronald Halford Walker

S37 PARVIN John Hugh Keith

S37 PATTISON Vincent James

J38 PAYNE Desmond Ludlow

S31 PEACOCK George Earnest

Air Ops 1940 Roll of Honour - ex-Flight Cadets only

Wellington Marks IA/IC Whitley Marks IV/V Hampden Mark.I Fairey Battle Mark I

Lysander Marks II/III Blenheim Marks I/IV Beaufort Mark IHudson Mark IHurricane Mark I Defiant Mark ISpitfire Mark IAAvro Anson Mark I Gladiator Mark IISunderland Mark I

Air Ops 1941 Roll of Honour - ex-Flight Cadets only

Blenheim Marks I/IV

Wellington Marks IA/IC Whitley Marks IV/V

Beaufort Mark ISunderland Mark I Avro Anson Mark I

Hampden Mark IS29 ADDENBROOKE Derek

S36 ALDIS James Robin

J38 ALEXANDER John Collinson

J36 BARBER Anthony Louis Henry

J32 BARCLAY David Pringle

S21 BEAMISH Francis Victor

S21 BEAUMONT Francis William Lionel Collins

J39 BELOE Charles Edward

S25 BERKELEY Arthur Pakenham Fitzharding Murray

F20 BERNARD-SMITH George Christopher Bernard

J36 BIRD Gerald Oscar Ladler

J25 BLACKDEN Vyvian Quentery

S37 BOYS-STONES John Boys

J36 BOWEN-DAVIES Caradoc

J37 BREESE Henry Francis Dempster

J39 BRUXNELL-RANDALL Julien Walter Lowndes

S34 CHAMBERLAIN Paul Burton

A33 CLARK Anthony William John

S27 COLE Francis Charles

S28 COOTE Patric Barnard

S36 CRUIKSHANK Raymon Alfred

S34 CULVERWELL Edward

S26 DALE Herbert Reginald

A39 DAVIS Charles Trevor

A33 de FREITAS Wilfred Albert Antony

J34 DICKENSON Peter George Scott

J28 ELSMIE George Reginald Alexander

S34 FISHWICK Jack Rowland

S34 FORDHAM John Wingfield

S37 FRANKLIN Michael Hilton

S35 GETHIN John Percy Deveynes

S25 GILLAN John Woodburn

S37 GORDON-DEAN Peter Lee

A33 HACKETT Charles Desmond

S36 HALLIWELL Robert Frederick

A20 HANCOCK Richard Claude

J38 HARRIES James Allen

J37 HENDERSON Ian Stuart

S37 HERBERT Richard Vivian

A39 MARRS Eric Simcox

J37 MATTHEWS Hugh Vernon

J34 MAYHEW John Collins

S35 MEAD Ian Alan

J37 MOULD Peter William Olber

A39 MUNDY Herbert

J38 PADFIELD Eric Walwyn

J37 PARKINSON Harry

J32 PINK Charles Richard John

A40 PRITCHARD Peter Harold Howard

S38 RALSTON John Kenneth Churchill

J31 ROBINSON Philip Read

A39 ROTHWELL John Heldey

J32 SANDERS Arthur Thomas Drake

J39 SHUTTLEWORTH Richard Ashton

S34 SMITH Christopher Dermot Salmond

S29 STAINTHORPE William Waters

J39 THOMAS Peter Cecil

J37 WADDINGTON Martin Walter

F22 WARD William Charles

A40 WATLING William Charles

J36 WATSON Michael Litchfield

J25 WATTS-READ Archibald Martin

J39 WHITWORTH Albert Edmund

J29 WINDSOR Charles Mervyn

J39 HICKS Robert Leslie

S37 HOWE Bernard

A40 JACKSON Eric

J30 JOHNSON David Victor

S35 KELLY Dermot Dally Aloysius

J31 KNIGHTS-WHITTCOME Ronald John

S38 LANGLEY Ralph Reginald

J27 LASCELLES David Pellew

S38 LAUGHTON Michael Frederick Sydney

S36 LINGS George Oldfield

S28 LITTLER Charles Eric

J38 LYLIAN John Clement Julius

S37 MACE Basil George

J32 MANSON Timothy Roderick

Manchester Mark I

Hurricane Mark I

Lerwick I L7248

Hurricane Mark IIB

Maryland Mark I

Catalina Marks I/II

Botha Mark I Stirling Mark I

Spitfire Mark Vb

Defiant Mark I

Proctor Mark I

Whirlwind

Tiger Moth

Miles Master Miles Magister Mark I

Boston Mark II

Beaufighter IIf

Air Ops 1942 Roll of Honour - ex-Flight Cadets only

J35 AULT Kenneth

S28 BELCHEM Lawrence George

S24 BENNETT Lesley Clive

A40 BROWN James Gordon

J27 CHARLES Guy Pendrill

S32 CHARLTON-JONES Cecil

A40 DAWSON Graham Newstead

J34 DOWLAND-RYAN GC John Noel

J33 FRASER Howard Duncan

A40 FULFORD David

A40 GARRARD Paul

S34 GODFREY Oliver

J31 GOLDING Albert

S31 HOTHAM John Altham

S34 KERR Douglas Andrew

S37 KIMPTON Peter Adrian

S38 LIVINGSTONE Archibald Duncan

A38 LYLIAN John Clement Julius

S36 MAJOR Peter Anthony

J36 MALCOLM VC Hugh Gordon

J36 MATHEWSON Thomas Ivor

S23 MAY Faulkner Michael Vine

S31 MOSELEY Thomas Lawton

S35 OAKESHOTT Alan Robertson

S29 PAGE Robert Humphrey

J36 PALMER Cyril Dampier

J38 PARSONS Robert James Sealer

A40 PHILLIPS Algernon Michael

S26 PRATT Charles Valency John

S31 READ Montagu Francis Baldwin

J31 SALTER Peter Stanley

S36 SANSOM Ronald John

S30 SEYMOUR Paul de Grey Horatio

S38 SHARMAN Donald Charles

S26 SPRAGUE Richard Alphonso

J24 STEEDMAN Edward Blakeway

S34 STEVENSON Michael Gavin

J33 STYLES Hubert Mortimer

S38 TEMLETT Cyril Bernard

S31 TIDD Herbert Richard

S36 TRIPTREE Alan Charles

J25 WATSON Eric James

J24 WEBB Eric Bingham

J25 WHATLEY William Denman

J25 WHISTONDALE George Frederick

S35 WILKINS John Trevor

A38 WILKINS Stephen Percival

S37 WILLIS John David

S36 WRIGHT Claud Mandeville

Blenheim Marks I/IVCatalina Marks I/II

Stirling Mark I

Hurricane Mark I

Mustang Mark IA Maryland Mark I

BeaufighterVIc Hudson Mark III

Wellington Marks IC Wellington Marks II/III

Beaufort Marks I/IISunderland Mark I

Spitfire Mark Vb

Liberator Mark II

Sunderland Mark III

Mosquito IV DK294

Liberator Mark I

Lysander Marks II/III

Vildebeest III

Avro Lancaster

Halifax Mark II

Spitfire Mark IX

Hampden Mark I

Hudson Mark V

H2S GEE OBOE

Air Ops 1943 Roll of Honour - ex-Flight Cadets only

S35 ARCHER JohnChilton

S38 BURFIELD Charles Mervyn

J35 BURTON Howard Frizelle

S25 BUTLER Walter Donald

S29 CHESTERMAN Humphrey William Albert

J39 CLEGG Bernard

A33 COOPER Charles Stanley

J35 COOPER Leslie Frank

J33 COVENTRY Henry Reginald

J34 DARWEN John

J37 HAYTER John Edward Ross

A38 HYNE Gerald O’Farrell Grant

J28 JONES Benjamin Heywood

J34 LONGMORE Richard Maitland

A38 LOWE John Conyers

S38 MACDONALD John Murdo

J26 MacCULLUM J E M

S26 OWEN John Jervis

S38 RIDDELL George Henry Monteith

J37 ROBERTSON Colin

J29 SABINE John Sydenham

J37 SAWLEY David

S34 SHAND William Peter

A33 SLATER James Hogarth

J34 SMITH-REWSE Brian Eustace

S29 SPENDLOVE William Vernon Lewis

S38 STEVENSON Peter Charles Fasken

A33 WALLACE Gerard Euan

S36 WALLAGE Stanley Norman Tuttell

S31 WATSON Robert Grant

J25 WHEELER Harry George

S32 WRIGHT Christopher Louis Yser

S36 WRIGHT Robert Brian

S32 YAXLEY Robert Gordon

Cranwellian ‘Hoppy’ Hopgood; SFTS Course 18;

617 Sqn; Dambusters; 1st wave; 2nd Run;

killed NW Mohnesee

Wellington XIVTyphoon Mark Ib

Hudson Mark V/VI Stirling Mark I

Spitfire Mark PR IV

Beaufighter VIc/fLiberator Mark V

Halifax Mark II

Kittyhawk Mark III

Avro Lancaster

Mosquito Mark II

Fokker 22 HM159Liberator Mark IIISunderland Mark I Mustang Mark IA

Spitfire Mark IX

Ventura II

Mosquito Marks IV/VI

S34 BARRON Oswald James Milman

J32 BRANDON C H

S36 CARMICHAEL G M

S37 CARMICHAEL John William

J37 CHAPMAN C F M

A40 COX Maurice Loan

J37 FILLEUL Philip Richard Steuart

S34 GOODMAN Hubert Reginald

J34 GREEN J D

F23 HARDY S H

A39 HERRICK Michael James

S26 HOMER J W

J35 JACKSON Ashley Duke

F22 LOUGHNAN Charles Hamilton

J28 McKECHNIE (EGM VICE GC) William Neil

S34 HUMPHRIS James Heathcote

S31 JARAND Arthur Henry

S32 JEUDWINE J R

S27 MOLESWORTH A O

S28 MORE J W C

S36 MURPHY Alan Michael

A39 NEGUS Michael

J30 PORTER Eric Frederick

S27 POWELL John Alexander

J37 RUTH William Denys Butterworth

S36 SAVAGE Michael

J27 SCARLETT-STREATFIELD J R

S35 TENNANT E

S38 TERRY K T P

J26 WAGHORN D J

S35 WIGG Philip Mervyn

Air Ops 1944/45 Roll of Honour - ex-Flight Cadets only

Wellington Marks IA/IC Avro Lancaster

Halifax Mark III Liberator Mark V

Spitfire Mark I Spitfire PRXIX

Typhoon Mark Ib Mosquito Marks IV/VI

Sunderland Mark III Beaufighter VIc/f

Avro Anson Mark I Hudson Mark III

Oxford Mark IBoeing Fortress III

The Only War Damage to the College - by a Whitley

Enemy TrophiesWith his eye on the RAF College as a potential HQ, Goering sanctioned the presentation of two charcoal and chalk drawings of Richthofen and, his mentor, Boelcke; the College responded with two of our own WW1 fighter aces, Captain Albert Ball VC and Major Mick Mannock VC.

Offered as a gift to encourage mutual respect to “avert war”, the two drawings were presented during a visit by General Milch in 1938 and have remained here ever since. It is thought that these drawings are copies of originals retained by Germany, but lost when Soviet forces closed in on Berlin to force the German surrender.

A bust of Goering was presented at the same time and, surviving a temporary deployment to a skip, is located in the library, below the Japanese Document of Surrender. ________________________________

To the right of these drawings, flanked by two Samurai swords, is a copy of the Japanese Document of Surrender accepted on the Allies’ behalf by Earl Mountbatten. It is displayed with one of the fountain pens actually used to sign the Surrender Treaty

May 45