radioactivity, 4r's and acute radiation syndrome

8/19/2019 Radioactivity, 4R's and acute radiation syndrome

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Radio-sensitivity, 4R’S of

Radiobiology & Acute

Radiation Syndrome


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• YOUSIF SLAH ELDIN

• MOHAMMED HAMZA


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Radio sensitivity .Observations of Bergonie andTribondeu.Cell cycle and radio sensitivity.

Radio-sensitivity .Observations ofBergonie andTribondeu.Cell cycle and radio-

sensitivity.

Overview of the presentation


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Radiosenstivity

Is the relative

susceptibility of cells,tissues, organs,organisms to theharmful eect of

ioniing radiation.


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Observations of Bergonie and Tribondeu

Cells are sensitive toradiation in proportion totheir proliferativeactivity and inverse

proportion to theirdegree of dierentiation.It mean that the rapidlydividing cells are more

sensitive to radiationthat move dierentiated,slo!ly dividing cells.


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"ymphocytes live for very shorttime #$%& hours they must bereplaced rapidly to maintain

immune system health theseare the most sensitive bloodcells in the body.'euron( if cell are highlyspecialied such as neuron

radio-senstivity less.

Eam!le"


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#ell cycle and radiosensitive

)- *ap+ ( resting phase !here thecell has left the cycle and stoppeddividing oderately resistant.$- *ap) ( cells increase in sie in*ap). Chec point( everything is

ready synthesis '/ moderately.-"ongest part of cycle0- 1ynthesis ( '/ replicationduring this phase ensure that

everything is ready to enter #mitosis& phase.- most radiation resistant phase.


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%- itosis(- Chromosomes arecondensed. '/ isclosely paced 2 biggertarget cell divides.- ost radiosensitive in

phase.


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%R3s ofRadiobiology


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e4nition

The most important biologial!atorsin"#ening the responses o!

t#mo#rs an$ normal tiss#es to!rationate$ treatment.

%&epair '!e( ho#rs)%&eassortment '!e( ho#rs)%&epop#lation '* + , (ee-s)%&eo/genation 'ho#rs to !e($a/s


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).Repair of RadiationInduced '/ amage

%&a$iation generates Highl/ reati0eo/gen speies !rom (ater mole#les.

The/ are short1li0e$ an$ rapi$l/interat (ith biomole#les in ells.

Types of amage%Lethal2irre0ersible3 irreparable3 lea$sto ell $eath

%S#blethal 'SLD)2repaire$ in ho#rs4 i!a seon$ $ose is gi0en3 an interat(ith more $amage to reate lethal$amage4 represents sho#l$er on ells#r0i0al #r0e.%5otentiall/ Lethal Damage '5LD)2an


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$. Redistribution 5

Reassortment

%7ells ehibit $i8erential ra$iationsensiti0it/ (hile in the $i8erent

phases o! the ell /le.%7ells in mitosis are mostsensiti0e to DNA$amaging agents an$ ells in lateS1phasebeing most resistant.%9ith m#ltiple $oses3 ells

progress thro#gh to a ne( phaseo! the ell le sensiti0e


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0. Repopulation

%Damage an$ ell $eath o#r$#ring theo#rse o! the treatment ma/

in$#e an inrease$ rate o! ellproli!eration.%Most important in earl/1respon$ing normal tiss#es 'e.g.3

s-in3 :IT)%Tr#e !or t#mo#rs as (ell.Aelerate$repop#lation an o#r in the laterpart o! a o#rse o! !rationate$


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%. Reo6ygenationSensiti0it/ to ra$iation inreases (ith

o/gen.%T#mors #n$er ; mm in si


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&eo/genation


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1ummary%&eassortment3 &epair3&eo/genation are allbene6ts o! !rationation.%&epop#lation is the negati0e

assoiate$ (ith!rationation o! ra$iation.%&epair o#rs in normal ells an$t#mor ells.

%&eassortment o#rs in /ling ells2mostl/t#mor b#t some normal ells%&eo/genation o#rs onl/ in t#morells.

%&epop#lation o#rs in the t#mor


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But

%&epair an$ &epop#lation ten$to ma-e the tiss#e more

resistant to seon$ $ose o!ra$iation.%&eassortment an$&eo/genation ten$ to ma-e it

more sensiti0e.


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1 S#b1linial25 - 200 rads; no symptoms, but

signs

1 Hematopoieti

200 - 600 rads; changes in blood1 :astrointestinal

600 - 1000 rads; intestinal lining

failure

1 7erebral> 1000 rads; nervous system failure

/cute radiation syndrome


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$%ase Sym!tom

%ole-body absorbed dose '(y)

*+ (y + (y +. (y .+/0 (y(reater T%an

/0 (y

1mmediate

Nausea and

vomiting5–50% 50–100% 75–100% 90–100% 100%

Time of onset 2–6 h 1–2 h 10–60 min < 10 min Minutes

Duration < 2 h 2–! h < ! h < ! h N"# $patients die in

< ! h

&iarrhea None None to mi'd

$< 10%(eav) $* 10% (eav) $* 95% (eav) $100%

Time of onset + ,–! h 1–, h < 1 h < 1 h

(eada-he .'ightMi'd to moderate

$50%Moderate $!0% .evere $!0–90% .evere $100%

Time of onset + –2 h ,– h 1–2 h < 1 h

/ever None Moderate in-rease$10100% Moderate to severe$100% .evere $100% .evere $100%

Time of onset + 1–, h < 1 h < 1 h < 1 h

N. fun-tion No impairmentognitive

impairment 6–20 h

ognitive

impairment * 2 h

apid

in-apa-itation

.ei3ures4 remor4

#taia4 etharg)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_(unit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauseahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomitinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headachehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethargyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethargyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethargyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headachehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrheahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomitinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauseahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_(unit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dose


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$%ase Sym!tom

%ole-body absorbed dose '(y)

*+ (y + (y +. (y .+/0 (y(reater T%an

/0 (y

2atent !eriod 2!–,1 da)s 7–2! da)s < 7 da)s none none

1llness

Mi'd to moderate

eu8openia

/atigue

ea8ness

Moderate to

severeeu8openia

:urpura

(emorrhage

;nfe-tions

pi'ation after

, =)

.evere 'eu8openia

(igh fever &iarrhea

>omiting

&i33iness and

disorientation

()potension

'e-tro')te

distur?an-e

Nausea>omiting

.evere diarrhea

(igh fever

'e-tro')te

distur?an-e

.ho-8

N"# $patients die

in < !h

3ortality

ithout -are 0–5% 5–95% 95–100% 100% 100%

ith -are 0–5% 5–50% 50–100% 100% 100%

&eath 6–! wee8s –6 wee8s 2– wee8s 2 da)s–2 wee8s 1–2 da)s

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_(unit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukopeniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpurahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorrhagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorrhagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpurahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukopeniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_(unit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dose


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THANS.. GG

radioactivity, 4r's and acute radiation syndrome

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