radio graphic interpretation
DESCRIPTION
This is very helpful to me when i was in dental school. I hope it can help you too with these collection of dental xrays you will be refreshed and be familiarized with it plus a review for us too.TRANSCRIPT
Labial Mounting and Lingual Mounting
Embossed dot
Normal Anatomy
Alveolar Crest
Lamina Dura
Calcular deposits
Cervical Burn-out
Normal Radiographic Landmarks in Intraoral Radiographs
Dr. Generosa V. Toledo
Normal Radiolucent Landmarks of the Maxilla
Incisive Foramen
Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal
Median Palatine Suture
Canine Fossa
Nasal Cavity
Maxillary Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
Nutrient canal Bony nodule
Radiopaque Landmarks of the Maxilla
Nasal Septum
Floor of the nasal cavity
Anterior Nasal Spine
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Nasolabial Line
Lateral Walls of the Nasopalatine Canal
Septum
Inverted Y
Maxillary Tuberosity
Hamulus
Zygomatic Process
Zygoma
Normal Radiolucent Landmarks of the Mandible
Lingual Foramen
Nutrient Canal
Mental Fossa
Mental Foramen
Mandibular Canal
Submandibular Fossa
Mandibular symphysis in neonates
Normal Radiopaque Landmarks of the Mandible
Genial Tubercle
Mental Ridge
Mylohyoid Ridge
Internal Oblique Ridge
External Oblique Ridge
Coronoid Process
Inferior Border of the Mandible
Tongue
RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS
Dr. Generosa V. Toledo
Radiopaque Materials
Silver Amalgam Restorations
Composite Restorations with Barium Glass Particles
Cast Gold Crown
Stainless Steel Pins
Base Material
Gutta-Percha
Silver Points
Stainless Steel Crown
Orthodontic Appliances
Implants
Elevator tip
Amalgam fragments
Radiolucent Materials
Composite Restorations
Silicate Restorations
Porcelain Crown
Localization Techniques
Clark’s Technique/Slob/Tubeshift
Right Angle Technique
Dental Anomalies
Macrodontia
Microdontia
Mesiodens
Gemination
Dens invaginatus
Dens evaginatus
Talon cusp
Enamel pearl
Taurodontism
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentin dysplasia
Dentin dysplasia type II
Regional odontodysplasia
Internal resorption
External resorption
Attrition
Abrasion
Denticles
Hypercementosis
COMMON ERRORS IN INTRAORAL RADIOGRAPHY
Too Dark
Too Light
No Images
Blurring due to Excessive Bending
Blurring due to Movement of Patient
Fixer Spots
Static Electricity
Bent Film
Fingerprint Artifact
Fingernail Artifact
Foreshortening
Elongation
Overlapping of Adjacent Structures
Cone Cutting
Reversed Film Placement
Double Exposure
Phalangioma
Absence of apices/Dropped film corner
Panoramic Radiography
Patient Positioning
• Patient should sit or stand “as tall as possible with the back straight and erect
• Ask the patient to bite on the biteblock with the upper and lower teeth in an end-to-end position in the groove
Patient Positioning
• Position the midsagittal plane perpendicular to the floor
• Position the Frankfort plane parallel to the floor
Patient Positioning
• Instruct the patient to position the tongue on the roof of the mouth
• Patient should close the lips around the bite-block
• After patient positioning, instruct the patient to remain still during the exposure
• Expose the film
Common Errors
Patient Preparation Errors
Ghost image
Lead apron artifact
Tongue not placed on the roof of the mouth
Errors in Positioning of the Frankfort Plane
Chin tipped upward
Reverse smile line, palate and nasal floor obscuring the apices of the maxillary teeth
“Exaggerated smile’, condyles not visible, blurred mandibular incisors
Chin too low
Anterior teeth positioned anterior to the notch of the biteblock
Error in Positioning of the Midsagittal plane
Error in positioning the spine
Normal Radiographic Anatomy
Left lateral
Right lateral
Posterior anterior
Mandible
• Condylar process and tmj
• Coronoid process
• Ramus
• Body and angle
• Teeth and supporting structures
1-condyle 2-cornoid notch 3-coronoid process 4-mandibular foramen 5-mental foramen 6-genial tubercles 7- styloid process
1- Schwall’s node 2- cervical vertebra 3- earlobe 4- soft palate and uvula 5-hard palate 6- orbital rim 7- floor of the nasopharynx 8- posterior surface of the tongue 9-posterior pharyngeal wall 10- hyoid bone
1-condyle 2-neck of condyle 3-coroonoid process 4-ghost image of the posterior aspect of the inferior border of the left side of the mandible 5-mandibular canal 6-inferior border of the mandible 7-superimposed shadow of the cervical vertebrae 8-mental foramen 9-submandibular fossa 10-mandibular angle 11-external oblique ridge 12-sigmoid notch
1- mandibular canal 2- hyoid 3- internal oblique ridge 4- angle of the mandible
1- inferior border of the mandible 2- submandibular fossa 3- external oblique ridge 4- soft tissue of the ear
MIDFACIAL REGION
• Cortical boundary of the maxilla
• Pterygomaxillary fissure
• Maxillary sinuses
• Zygomatic complex zygomatic arch
• Nasal cavity and conchae
• Tmj
• Maxillary teeth
1-glenoid fossa 2-articular eminence 3-maxillary tuberosity 4-maxillary sinus 5-zygoma
2- pterygomaxillary fissure 3- infraorbital foramen 4- orbit 5- anterior nasal spine 6-nasal septum 7-nasal conchae 8-hard palate 9- zygomatic process of the maxilla
1-articular tubercle 2-zygomatic arch 3-zygomatic process 4-pterygomaxillary fissure 5-orbital rim 6-inferior nasal conchae 7-nasal septum 8-anterior nasal spine 9-floor of the maxilary sinus 10-developing third molar 11-ear lobe 12-cervical vertebra
1- palatoglossal air space 2- nasopharyngeal air space 3- glossopharyngeal air space
Air Spaces
Soft tissues
1- tongue 2- soft palate and the uvula 3- ear
Opacity of the Midline
Mental protuberance, increased trabecular number, attenuation of the beam due to the cervical vertebrae
epiglottis
Superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage