radio frequency radiation is almost surely carcinogenic

7/24/2019 Radio Frequency Radiation is almost surely carcinogenic

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[1] IARC: Non-ionizing radiation, part 2: radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, volume 102

http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol102/mono102.pdf

[2] IARC: NON-IONIZING RADIATION, PART 1: STATIC AND EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY(ELF) ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS VOLUME 80


[3]Hardell L,Carlberg M:Using the Hill viewpoints from 1965 for evaluating strengths of evidence ofthe risk for brain tumors associated with use of mobile and cordless phones,Rev Environ Health.

2013;28(2-3):97-106. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2013-0006.

[4] Dariusz Leszczynski, "Science blog":

http://betweenrockandhardplace.wordpress.com/2014/08/14/carcinogenicity-of-cell-phone-radiation-2b-or-not-2b /

[5] Galle Coureau et. al.: Mobile phone use and brain tumours in the CERENAT case-control study,Occup Environ Meddoi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101754

[6]L. HARDELL,M.CARLBERG,F. SDERQVIST,andK. HANSSON :Case-control study of the

association between malignant brain tumours diagnosed between 2007 and 2009 and mobile and

cordless phone use, Int J Oncol. 2013 Dec; 43(6): 18331845

[7] Stein Y., Levy-Nativ O., Richter E.D., "A sentinel case series of cancer patients with occupational exposures

to electro-magnetic non-ionizing radiation and other agents", Eur. J. Oncol. - Vol. 16 - N. 1 - March 2011

[8] Peleg M., "Report on a cancer cluster in an antenna ranges facility", IEEE International Conference on

Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems (COMCAS), 9-11 Nov. 2009, Tel Aviv. DOI

10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386048

[9] Chou CK et al.: "Long-term, low level microwave irradiation of rats" Bioelectromagnetics

1992

[10] Groves , Page , Gridley , Lisimaque , Stewart, Tarone , Gail , Boice and Gilbert W. Beebe : Cancer inKorean War Navy Technicians: Mortality Survey after 40 Years, Am. J. Epidemiol. (2002) 155 (9): 810-818. doi: 10.1093/aje/155.9.810

[11] Milham S Jr.: Increased mortality in amateur radio operators due to lymphatic and hematopoietic

malignancies.1988 Jan;127(1):50-4.

and

S. Milham: Silent keys: Leukemia Mortality in Amateur Radio Amateurs, The Lancet, April 1985

[12] ICNIRP GUIDELINES FOR LIMITING EXPOSURE TO TIME-VARYING ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC, AND

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (UP TO 300 GHz), International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection,

1997

[13] Ordinance relating to Protection from Non-Ionising Radiation (ONIR) of 23 December 1999 (as of 1

February 2000) , The Swiss Federal Council.

[14] Italian Regulation , DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS,8 JULY 2003
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol102/mono102.pdfhttp://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol102/mono102.pdfhttp://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol80/mono80.pdfhttp://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol80/mono80.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Hardell%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24192496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Hardell%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24192496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Hardell%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24192496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Carlberg%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24192496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Carlberg%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24192496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Carlberg%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24192496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24192496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24192496http://betweenrockandhardplace.wordpress.com/2014/08/14/carcinogenicity-of-cell-phone-radiation-2b-or-not-2b/http://betweenrockandhardplace.wordpress.com/2014/08/14/carcinogenicity-of-cell-phone-radiation-2b-or-not-2b/http://betweenrockandhardplace.wordpress.com/2014/08/14/carcinogenicity-of-cell-phone-radiation-2b-or-not-2b/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=HARDELL%20L%5Bauth%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=HARDELL%20L%5Bauth%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=CARLBERG%20M%5Bauth%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S%26%23x000d6%3BDERQVIST%20F%5Bauth%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=MILD%20KH%5Bauth%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Milham%20S%20Jr%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=3422125http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Milham%20S%20Jr%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=3422125http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=MILD%20KH%5Bauth%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S%26%23x000d6%3BDERQVIST%20F%5Bauth%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=CARLBERG%20M%5Bauth%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=HARDELL%20L%5Bauth%5Dhttp://betweenrockandhardplace.wordpress.com/2014/08/14/carcinogenicity-of-cell-phone-radiation-2b-or-not-2b/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24192496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Carlberg%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24192496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Hardell%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24192496http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol80/mono80.pdfhttp://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol102/mono102.pdf


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[15] Aly et. al. : Effects of 900-MHz Radio Frequencies on the Chemotaxis of Human Neutrophils in Vitro, IEEE

TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOL. 55, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2008 795

[16] Friedman et al: Biochem J 405: 559-568, 2007

[17] HARDELL et. al: Pooled analysis of case-control studies on acoustic neuroma diagnosed 1997-2003 and2007-2009 and use of mobile and cordless phones ,

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY, Accepted July 1, 2013 , DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2025

[18]Hardell L.,Carlberg M.: Mobile phones, cordless phones and the risk for brain tumours.

Int J Oncol.2009 Jul;35(1):5-17.

[19] Hellemans, A., "Sins of transmission? Vatican radio's high-power antennas stand accused of causing

cancer," Spectrum, IEEE, vol.42, no.10, pp.12,15, Oct. 2005

[20] Paola Michelozzi, Alessandra Capon, Ursula Kirchmayer, Francesco Forastiere, Annibale Biggeri,Alessandra Barca, and Carlo A. Perucci: Adult and Childhood Leukemia near a High-Power Radio Station in

Rome, Italy, American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 155, No. 12

[21] Armstrong et. al. : Association between Exposure to Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer in Electric

Utility Workers in Quebec,

Canada, and France. American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 140, No. 9

[22] Boeing Pays $500,000 To Settle Strom EMP-Leukemia Suit Medical Program for EMP Workers, Microwave

news, 1990

[23] Changjun Liu, Baoyi Wang, Zishu Wang, and Hong Zhang: Cell Deformation and Increase of Cytotoxicity ofAnticancer Drugs Due to Low-Intensity Transient Electromagnetic Pulses., IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA

SCIENCE, VOL. 28, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2000

[24]E.E. Fesenko a, V.R. Makar a, E.G. Novoselova a, V.B. Sadovnikov: Microwaves and cellular immunity I.

Effect of whole body microwave irradiation on tumor necrosis factor production in mouse cells

Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 49 _1999. 2935 www.elsevier.comrlocaterbioecechem

[25] Avendao C, Mata A, Sanchez Sarmiento CA, Doncel GF.: Use of laptop computers connected to internet

through Wi-Fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertil Steril. 2012

Jan;97(1):39-45.e2. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.012. Epub 2011 Nov 23. PubMed PMID: 22112647.

[26] Johnathan L. Kiel, Jill E. Parker, Pedro J. Morales, John L. Alls, Patrick A. Mason, Ronald L. Seaman, ,

Satnam P. Mathur, and Eric A. Holwitt: Pulsed Microwave Induced Bioeffects IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON

PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL. 28, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2000 (p.161)

[27] Karl Schoenbach, Robert Barker, Shenggang Liu: Special Issue on Nonthermal Medical/Biological

Treatments Using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionized Gases, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL.

28, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2000 (p.2)

[28] Changjun Liu, Baoyi Wang, Zishu Wang, and Hong Zhang: Cell Deformation and Increase of Cytotoxicity of

Anticancer Drugs Due to Low-Intensity Transient Electromagnetic Pulses, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA

SCIENCE, VOL. 28, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2000 (p.150)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hardell%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hardell%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hardell%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Carlberg%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Carlberg%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Carlberg%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Carlberg%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19513546http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hardell%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19513546


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[1] IARC: Non-ionizing radiation, part 2: radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, volume 102


L imited evidence of carcinogenicity:A positive association has been observed between exposure to the agent and cancer for which a causalinterpretation is considered by the Working Group to be credible, but chance, bias or confounding could not beruled out with reasonable confidence.

Cancer in HumansThere is limited evidence in humansfor the carcinogenicity of radiofrequency radiation.

Cancer in Experimental AnimalsThere is limited evidence in experimental animalsfor the carcinogenicity of radiofrequency radiation.

Overall EvaluationRadiofrequency electromagnetic fields arepossibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

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Human exposures to RF-EMF (frequency range 30 kHz300 GHz) can occur from use of personal devices (eg,

mobile telephones, cordless phones, Bluetooth, and amateur radios), from occupational sources (eg, high

frequency dielectric and induction heaters, and high-powered pulsed radars), and from environmental sources

such as mobile-phone base stations, broadcast antennas, and medical applications. For workers, mostexposure to RF-EMF comes from near-field sources. the Working Group classified RF EMF aspossibly

carcinogenic to humans(Group 2B).
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol102/mono102.pdfhttp://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol102/mono102.pdfhttp://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol102/mono102.pdf


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Although the key information came from mobile telephone use, the Working Group considered that the

three types of exposure entail basically the same type of radiation, and decided to make an overall

evaluation on RF-EMF, covering the whole radiofrequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum. So

the classification 2B, possibly carcinogenic, holds for all types of radiation within the radio frequency part

of the electromagnetic spectrum,

IARC'' ,'

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[2] IARC: NON-IONIZING RADIATION, PART 1: STATIC AND EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY(ELF) ELECTRIC AND MAGNETICFIELDS VOLUME 80Evaluation

There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of extremely low frequency magnetic fields inrelation to childhood leukemia.There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of extremely low frequencymagnetic fields in relation to all other cancers.

Overall evaluation

Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields arepossibly carcinogenic to humans(Group 2B).

IARC 3.3

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IARC-2011.

human carcinogen (group 1) or a probable human carcinogen (group 2A): .

Hardell-2013MCarlberg,Hardell L[3]:

Conclusion: Based on the Hill criteria, glioma and acoustic neuroma should be considered to be caused by RF-EMF emissions from wireless phones and regarded as carcinogenic to humans, classifying it as group 1

according to the IARC classification. Current guidelines for exposure need to be urgently revised.

:,IARC -Dariusz Leszczynski

2b-not-or-2b-radiation-phone-cell-of-rockandhardplace.wordpress.com/2014/08/14/carcinogenicityhttp://between/

:

In conclusion, I consider that currently the scientific evidence is sufficient to classify cell phone

radiation as a probable human carcinogen 2A category in IARC scale. Time will show whether the

probable will change into the certain.
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[5] Galle Coureau et. al ): IARC (.

the positive association was statistically significant in the heaviest users when considering life-longcumulative duration (896 h, OR=2.89; 95% CI 1.41 to 5.93 for gliomas; OR=2.57; 95% CI 1.02 to 6.44for meningiomas) and number of calls for gliomas (18 360 calls, OR=2.10, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.31). Risks

were higher for gliomas, temporal tumours, occupational and urban mobile phone use.Conclusions These additional data support previous findings concerning a possible association betweenheavy mobile phone use and brain tumors.

[6]L. HARDELL et. al

:-Recall bias

Using the meningioma cases in the same study as reference entity gave somewhat higher ORs indicating thatthe results were unlikely to be explained by recall or observational bias.

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Hardell, Carlberg, Sderqvist, and Kjell Mild. "Case-control study of the association between malignant brain

tumours diagnosed between 2007 and 2009 and mobile and cordless phone use." International Journal of

Oncology International Journal of Oncology 43 no. 6 (2013): 1833-1845.

,

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These findings provide support for the hypothesis that RF-EMFs play a role both in the initiation and

promotion stages of carcinogenesis.

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C. Turner et. al. "Occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and brain tumour risks in

the INTEROCC study" Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers; June 16, 2014; doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0102

Conclusions: Results showed positive associations between ELF in the recent past and glioma.Impact: Occupational ELF exposure may play a role in the later stages (promotion and
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progression) of brain tumourigenesis.

Int J Cancer. 2009 Feb 15;124(4):945-51. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23988.

Degrave E, Meeusen B, Grivegne AR, Boniol M, Autier P.: Causes of death among Belgianprofessional military radar operators: a 37-year retrospective cohort study. Int. J. Cancer: 124, 945951(2009)

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Degrave E, : Reply: causes of death among Belgian professional military radar operators: a 37-yearretrospective cohort study, Int. J. Cancer: 127, 999 (2010) VC 2009 UICC

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[10] Groves , Page , Gridley , Lisimaque , Stewart, Tarone , Gail , Boice and Gilbert W. Beebe : Cancer inKorean War Navy Technicians: Mortality Survey after 40 Years

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Nonlymphocytic leukemia was significantly elevated among men in high-exposure occupations but in only one

of the three high-exposure occupations, namely, electronics technicians in aviation squadrons

(SMR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.7).

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[11] Milham S Jr.: Increased mortality in amateur radio operators due to lymphatic and hematopoietic

malignancies.1988 Jan;127(1):50-4.

S. Milham: Silent keys: Leukemia Mortality in Amateur Radio Amateurs, The Lancet

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Hematolymphatic cancers: 5 leukemias: 1 acute myeloid leukemia (patient died), 3 acutelymphoblastic leukemia (1 patient died), 1 adult Tcell leukemia. 3 lymphomas: 1 Hodgkinslymphoma, 1 non-Hodgkins NK cell lymphoma and 1 peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

D. W. Kaufman , T. E. Anderson , S. Issaragrisil: Risk factors for leukemia in Thailand,Ann Hematol(2009) 88:10791088

Table 2: CML MVOR 2.3 CI 95%(1.05.5)

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with the Vaticans violation of Italian power limits, is what prompted the guilty verdict last May

against the Vatican officials.

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Ha et. al..: Radio-frequency radiation exposure from AM radio transmitters and childhood

leukemia and brain cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug 1;166(3):270-9. Epub 2007 Jun 7.

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Email from Dr Robert Baan, the principal author of the 2011 IARC Monograph on the carcinogenicity of

radiofrequency radiation, in which he interprets the 2B classification of RFR as applicable to all form ofRFR exposures, including Smart Meters and Wi-Fi:Subject: EMF Class 2B Classification

Dear Dr Hudson,

Thank you for your message, which was forwarded to me, and to which I would like to respond as follows.

The IARC Working Group classified Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) as possibly

carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). The information that formed the main basis for this evaluation wasfound in epidemiological studies on cell-phone use, where a slightly increased risk for glioma (a malignant

form of brain cancer) and acoustic neuroma (a non-cancerous type) was reported among heavy users.

There were some indications of increased cancer among radar-maintenance workers(occupational

exposure), but no reliable data from studies among, e.g., people living close to base-station antennas,

radio/TV towers, etc (environmental exposure). Although the key information came from mobile telephone

use, the Working Group considered that the three types of exposure entail basically the same type of

radiation, and decided to make an overall evaluation on RF-EMF, covering the whole radiofrequency

region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In support of this, information from studies with experimental

animals showed that effects on cancer incidence and cancer latency were seen with exposures to different

frequencies within the RF region. So the classification 2B, possibly carcinogenic, holds for all types of

radiation within the radio frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum, including the radiation emittedby base-station antennas, radio/TV towers, radar, Wi-Fi, smart meters, etc. An important point is the

radiation level. The exposure from cellular phones (personal exposure) is substantially higher and much

more focused (usually on the brain) than exposures from radio/tv towers, antennas, or Wi-Fi. I hope this is

useful. Thank you for your interest in our work.

Sincerely yours,

Robert A Baan PhD The IARC Monographs, IARC, Lyon, FRANCE

201513 ,

radio frequency radiation is almost surely carcinogenic

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