radical america - vol 2 no 2 - 1968 - march april

8/8/2019 Radical America - Vol 2 No 2 - 1968 - March April

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RADICAL

MERICAMARCH APL 68 VolumeI Nber 2

SOtI

The GUARDIN:

from Old to New Lef

\

THE EVOLUON OF COMMUNY ORGANIZERS

Radicals' Use of Hiory-.

IDIJs A.rlc_ .1 - .

,

. ' -.r, "


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,

arch-AprlONTET

Vol I, no. 2;

icar Rothstein, EOLTION OF TH OGAIZERS: S NOES N RAP 1Micael unk, TE UARDIAN FO OLDO EW LEFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cars Leinenweer, SOIALIS OOSTION,

TO ORLD ARI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

ohn StrawnON T LESSS OF HE AS . . . 50

RADIAL ARICA, bmnty journal f U.Sradicaism Editrs: Pal Buhle Henry asac,osep' ewshaw, Mar ason. Associatesom Christoffel ark B. Lapping, Nick Norris,Jon edwid, ams ricett.Suscription Rate $3/yr r $r r DS natinalmemers in gd standin (pease ote chapter)Sgle copy ddres%Buhe 37 Spaig St,adison, Wis 5703. lk er isue ' or - copies I

For various reasons, seera artcles rom tescheduled "New Lft sue o Radica merca ave ben ps

tpond unt next issue. he buk o

the May-une issue wi e deote to newperspctiv2 vn American Labor. In probabilityte Juy-August issue will be entrely aout tehistrica rigs a eveomet and utureperspectives f Back ower n America; ad tefolwng issue SeptemerOctber, willconsider Radical heate.

;We welcointo eistene the new pubcatins,PAPER ER AND A Anther nw puiqatinsoon appear s te Sc History Review,priarly a prduct adsn graduate studets

Finaly f yu have ha dlays (or worse true)in receiving Racal Amric, please ear wit us.We hope sortly to ave availale an efficientaddresing syste

I


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ERAP: Evoluton of the Organzers

h hse

SDS set u ts o eseach a ctonPojet E two ays ate the Mach onWashnto o Jobs an eeo wth a cea oton

o how nenous emocat ogaatons o theoo an the unmoye wou contbute to aosoca chane n ca an the wo.

SDS st beeve n the ossbt o chanewthn the ae o the oay eesentatvenst tut ons o e c an oveent . Ps goawas to oose those sttutons a bt to set ucuents n ecan otca e hch ou

evese the couton o estabshe bea atae nn oe s . These oce s th essue annsaton o P an othe new nsuenceswou eman that esouces be tansee o theco wa ams ae to the ceaton o a ecetaeeocatc, nteac ea state at home

Those o us ho ee nvove n EP at thatt e have c oe a on way s nce . We no onge ocuson the as eentues o hat we then eae asan eua bae co a etna an theDoncan eubc unmaske o us an obvousaessve econo c ea sm We ae now eneeso weae state catas wth tte ath oese that the beaabo oces hch htathe such a syste be stethene savs thecooat st a eat oay ae s . We ve thoseoces a the sstem they mh have e souse as ben ncotbe wth a onteventonst woocy a as no oe than a manuatve au e etate uon the nty an hane asatons othe ecan eoe .

Ths ast ocuso we owe n age eae toou eas o EP eeence In a heathy aat stye we teste an otstc hyothess about


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the iits of can uais B after 8AP Srst a and a haf when these conusins began obee ar e had no aizationa strucure forr n inpeentin subseuent hypotheses Amerca an he buiin o a oveent orevutonie i.

TH FST P

The hypothesis of "new insurenciesS?4 was oriinay based was set ou inth New 'a a docuen doped as poiyS0S ntionl conventon

on which

America andby the 1

This ocen S Lny of he arUens of oter 1)53 state([ents One The Trie Revoltion,

was pruate tht iner by a coaion of libeasand rdicas n din sme eaes o SDS I areh the cybrnation revo resultin in pre-

i unie epment nd esue tie; the!eapon reotion hich threaened to oblieraethe rld ae wasin resources worth biions ofars and the human righs evoion encompas-sin oth thiword iberaon oveents nd hedeC i ris Veknt Jere al inerreated.n hro 8 2rtailnt of the ars ae coduns bece aaiab=e r constrion o quali-

tarian societis a hme and aroadj ony breconitio o new opportunities preseted b automation cud Aerica ee the eands of its ciirihts :oe ent Ea oportuniy was eaningess ina shrinin b maret he racia pobe oud note dea with uness obsoet conoic arraneents wre eplaced. TodY aanteed annua incoemoeent is he proect hose who sil cce he

essentias o the Triple evouion aruen The second analysis was conained in the paperso he yac onerence held only a fe days aferhe SDS aopion of Aerica and he e ra RayBrown an econoist now eahin a Sarhmore, preicted that even if new ob opporniies wereinreased a ice the rae by 70 nepoyen


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d e 3% - - d s h he he d he Ne f he e se sed Keed Ads B ded s e h e ke s

Ae d e Ne dded hese ss de f e s ke- f heKeed Ad s d f h -de e ss se SS de sed e de f d e fes 1 s ede def h s es d see ss e s d

Ozed es hee s e es e ed Ae ' s see e f s szes es d ses e es es e ees ddeee ses e eeeee ese essheed ds d dee ess

SDS e ee e s e e 'dde ees f edesh' heee s ee d s d e f e s s sesed he e edesh ed hKeed j d fe see de e e s se e

s s :B s s e s se d s es eefed eee f e ee s sees e se e s d de ss d e ee

ee f e d edesh Ade se d de dde ss ee eed ds s f he se de s h h s he f s


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Coseqtly, e he e oas o RP as aze h uese ouss he aks oa e s e oaza o he ooas s a o u ea os

ae 8 o se o he ao o e The s a os o OIN Jos e ow he oa RP oe Chao e se aes a s o eesso eoe ees ued a a UeoeCoesao ee sod aes s Chao soo he ee o whe oa owe de asseoe ad seod ousde a Pee Seee oeee IN oud e exeed o eah he eesh he ea oaaos e wee o aaze

oe Chao he s RP oae Chaose o hs e sea o ade uossad ohe eas aou JOIN ' s a - udas was o ouse a he oe u he o a uoe was o oeooed A JOIN ads ooee e u ae o es ade uo

sa as u oehe The e aheee how ee was he e o he Ued Pahouseoes uo o se u a eu oe ex o Souh de ueoe oesao ee wheChao ashed a oe x o oh SdeCee

had as w he oseus o heChao E e exesse hs uose o

os ha

eae ad saes o aes a a es ada w e a eee a o edeoe es o heas o e ow ose aos ees JOIN ad oa s oe T s eo e os deaehaed oa uo eades ad sho sewads

s ass s he JOIN oes

as e o o aue ha he JIN adsooee


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a eome a kid o reresetative y othose fore s a gros wit hi te ity wh i ha e moiized o eetive oitia atioThs te emer s of th is gro , athogh at ias idivias eoe eters o iitiativew ithi the i r o orga iz a s a ist itt ios I tis way a itywie itia moveet for emoyme a a etr hiao mayeveo JOIN y its e aot mo izes i iet er t o ahieve s o a age ; oya ew aiget of fores i iago a rig

tis aot

as was overy otimst aot te e ofJOINs exame to reate sess for soitaryetists wo ad ee strggig or years to reteir ar ios ith a ew mitet to oarstrgge Ra ad i e as s ist e for at g ateae saes ver ateraze ad te JO

advi so ry ttee a di saded ate r a ye ar -rty ese o a o terest t arty aso ease te e ie tam eae o e et as egi- to asor se of te adsory omteemers eergies

oetee seaig trt o is re[lC ied ey art o t R oai z e s rraJOI orgers ever tre do seaig eage-

ets efore ra r r orgiatios drasg wa s ag a e t ot soe rat oe ad ade reet tes to ivoe eras iOIs ram e ti ot i tesrs or a JOI rstas arty it i teowsi o dortodoor srvey wh JOIN memer et test eet rt tie votee arraemets

from stdets o dd t yet have a as ove-et wit h tey od eome atie may ases the stdets wo di sort term

tors o dt o R stafs retred to theramses to ead iersity reor ad Vieta ro-test movemet s ey we re as a re st o te i rot at w it RP reor ed i e r o st


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6

iuse s . T eci c ri c iory one ofa : oecs as in s esec, conriueto t nce of a new ou ar oveen (CC

ete etunn o caus wee , in e sameasn u ore iorn Bu wi resec toe o oveent n ie meesi ornizaios no suc ucc ess cou e c aie Before ooon te attue of mos oanizers owr enans o aor a e e e casscn fo one o oe to one of te eeesost iiy an contt

E KE 66 C C


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JON TO GON

In addtn ssna e t eaab e s an ata aheeen s a anewas a send a ea ER ea and teNe a ade a se a n th s :

nentat n atte nt n n det es and deandn the nenatn eses n te sn e and dsssessed te Unted States and ee ten d e a essatn e asae The et e eann te dends ds and sa sees d e t aenned st asse a asntenae

e t of a sees st s eswas ne te tes t e sed by detenne as n s aes etsard; 0 estn te eee SNatna

en t sn ee s ta een d n ee s a st ane eeed e ne nes ean t de At st anzesdeense desed ts aa as OIN aae ea ne nw Bt te end te ON aa as nans een e

a et ned ts nae JOI N tJOIN - - n U and ed s e nex te neent ente e s te Cha nsde nehds

Te sses sed natna eent t e a s se s weae adnst n s n ndt ns a t seeen sse s Te na atnae was sn s wee as

ER nd a ta sttes t e s dtat n e en ett es ete netenn t te natna en stte and dstt n es e s , d e wn A TeTbees detas the ta st eNea ER et s nat een t wn a


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trafc liht a dazerou terecto. AlthoughEP r2ct deelop a acty for "inng peci-c are pubc aid revace cae and fo

orcL y stk n oasnal andlod tox p, i a ten ER pojet oly two conceons)ere ged f the oe stucture I Ceveland fe lch pram a rand to the chdre ofa cpets who attended pubc school; and ewa, a ocaly ected war o oety board abe to approprate me uds o recreationcente.

R oranie soon bega to oo at ocal3es an optuity for bitter educaton rathethn or ubtantive refor' hich oud begin tochi awa t the defene budget ad reinfoce theB oaniation wth a reputation for succs.Renn Davs n popos a poga for JN nOctobe ) tte tht a essenti ngedens da \Yhch oud poy be deed by oca

hch th cas ceary h e nd nv veeoe eXFerienes hich unden o the sc hih th tun and ghts ad hih osss nsun h fute

ed the s!es1 It t n n -oa sre s coni nd estabished thata day (e cent 8d a pubc sotaor hiraenc ee he to ost cite ne ON proposedthes to the oa war on pov petedtat ofice n th ehf. eihe ha beengranted to thi Q

K T TGT

The thrd aea o E4 objectives conered oureationhp the civ rgts oveen in whche hd a ore o t hd bece e a aesu o the eerce some S leader th othe Stude Moent that the ole of hiteai oud o loger be as orae i blacuits and in b:c oraatis the facttha ot roject wee evetual placed


11/64

suh oui s ws o ogiy i : hs o h Nk oj o s b ivo hv b ihbi uh o by wog csswhi s h ws i h s

h og u P s uos gw ou o o h h objciv o h ivi ighs ov wou b us by wo ss hi io I , ho ou g ws o oogizios i whi ouiis hich ou ou h bksh iviizig ois i h wos o h NCNP ovio Bu so i D h ou h h job o hi

is s o ovi h ivi ighs ovwh hi is who wou osivy io how o Ngo s wh b i s h h hos ogiz ou hi ow s s ucio o y hibi Th o w ii Pouisws h o sis

I iui wi i h sig o

964 Ii Mov o h Poo ToHaydenCar W suv h cvi ighsovs k o subsiv hiv hbksh oo voig i h whi couiyy Wi goiz ou s o hu ivi i gh s s : s iisgio bu h ow css Ngo siov shoos v i schoos gy iov iig coiios ov ivig coiios s whih syboicyss Ngo ig bu ih hiv chg oi whis vy uch; s hih siiy i o o hv v uch oiy i g ubs o whis suh s o c whi woks wih bk os i siuio o hoi uoy ; iys o oiic cooi hgs o subsi bi o h Ngo whi oo

y Wi y vo h ouhy gu o h og i z io o oo whiss w s b ks o k suh s :


12/64

0

The tentve t n tecl movement sm? ely to be fcsm thn free om . We e onvnce tht volent conlct between n lowecs whtes wl foce theAmen etht t even ke sgnfcntcocesons mch le dsole t self Theestbhment mht erel gnoe the tobed ve t t the o polce or t mghte trops to eforce ode. I ether csepoo Negoes poo htes wll contne togge gt ech othe te o gnstthe power srcte tht poperl eseves ther

ce

he fere voece w ot of cose, the thenpcte s voece f the blck cmntygnt gheto sttos bt the the thencoon vlence of w clss whte gstee mov no cmtes o ttedg pevy 1wht schoo e ms ognzton of

hes sse f thr own oppress EAPhoped hep t ht venceAnd r hopes e tht ths orgnztn f poo

hte ld seond eect the ot rn ped tht gnt poo whteo th orm o the ctvt vt veet rtcy S NS to some

t seee ler o S tht the cv ghtsmvemet erg ot fcng n ecoomcse . The c n hgton r ob s eom the coneton beteen cl oppsson ndto ecoom cs x ct Bt th tgetso S o xmple t ree pmy ymbo the ego lh cont thetes d so on

P wo ke ts c ecoomc lyssof merc pem vlb to the cv htsoveet or frst fcs ttentnon ecno tgets n by orzg the poornd es emlmet hosg elfr povert . Bt se cod , t ws fe t tht thegnt o o the whte poo wol of tef be tep for n the movement s cl conscosness


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a ite rra ia movemet o te oor , te stoo e re demadig de et ome s ad is o dot e t demostrate tat v rgts ats ere y ot ae d a omodat i os segregati o msse d tee s set ia o t Ret str ker s ' demads od o emet y oeoo tegratiist oessios

It seems ear i retrose tat ERP ayed asgat tog ot soe , y ay e as roe te sseet redretio o te iv rgts ove-met s I arti ar , RP ' s emas is o raorgazato arod sses o overty ayed a art ieg te rogram deveoet o CORE ad

NC sie 9 more mortat , o orse , aste vi rgts ovemets o dyami , i-s r ed y ts f are s re ate d a e ooayoreted a oer ovemet set over adast atever marg ee ERP mt ave adt ERP ' s roe as oemet ary ad, ts re -set, sod e osdered a sess

ot e ary so se s s a s RP ' s attemt to

rode assve te aes i te strge agastte reat o We e ary deostraed tat ra imod e overome y oor ites eey i motoarod te r o deads JOI Ciago orkedosey t ak omty ros eseere i teity, ad te dgeos JO eaders eoter s eary omtted to te aoto ora i sm as a ot a oa JOI ret stres ere

oordited re stres ak mitesoordated deostratos o ak ad te earereiiets orred ore ta oe at aido i e s

Bt te deseratey so ae t i OIgre te aiity o ER tmatey to omt t-se to more ta a e ite omt e s ad aatoa ar eoomy temorari reserved

overty or te ak mas se s , a adde d t o a reaity to te romses o ite aes e ad eariermade

By te iter o 9 ERP orgaiers odtems eves at a di i jtre Te tree maj oror gia rose s o ERP te si rat i o o assrotest ro te raks o aor ad erasm te


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event o pcfic) thoug minor, onssions tosoci} or; and th addition of sinfiant numbersf po' its to the raks of th movement for Negrodo: d en abanond b most EP ornizersJ oaniers ours retined the third

hethe ws jutfied n onudin after sosrt ti that te rns labor and liberalismoud no b gvanid by h power of our xape andtht the wer stutue" ws totay nfexible adsosive t dends fo bI s a usion thtus unswered. Cetin ts e onclu-s v shed by ost of t nw let

T or significant qustion is wat nwY0es pced the od in te minds f oies nd v fft did tes n hypothess!V the tutue of thos proects whihod to x

h qt i viny dfut buse tst ld remse t nw was bary onscous2n y ee isuss Bt b the winte of 195

i u s os oanis wt thy rbot thy Ould sipy have nsd to build aoEnt

Th oud hve bn lit idoog disagen ibout \ht this ovmn ud do, on built eo ly oig o t conusion thtei e s b sc tht cod end ristpOittion and iiis, octive onomi

dcisn in ad dot nd dcentliz vrpo_ca, conoic and sol institution inAei.

The gols howve, we long un and quitppopite ot prle o ocrn t R organ- un rble bnng to bu Jov_ent could dy v t power andsil to oganize soty n a uman oletivdecentralist and docratic fshion wer uh moredfficut

h shot n pobms we thes h to devopedership in a enuine nonmanipulatve fshon howto balan th movents needs to reate eadershipHa


15/64

3

la nrl hh g pp a ling n h dra b and hw hs h ssarnd whh an hs ass ld b d

Bas EP rganzrs had n d h a sh disns h EP srr dissd nh spring

9 h ranal r dssln

was ha didng whhr a n pr shdap phas rn sris ladrshp rainng asss, n nwspaprs r d daar rs n sss r h war in Vinadpndd h n p al ran whhrganrs r hr prs ld n hp haIn a hwr, nbd had an xprn n ainsh ds ns n w ihn a pr and n s n

arh 95, ha an w E rganng sas sadwn ghr aa and dsss hr r

GGE ND XPRIMEINS

I was prbab r ha a nana rganzan ha a dn a rganizing sas ld nb a r r wrng sh d prbs

n bdng hs la EP sas whh nnd sr had h r r hna rain rgnal nins rganrswhh d nab ndidal prs al hhs d s ns B n h hr ars ha hahs ar awaid sh rgina rganans rganng prs ha nr and ahid a bsnanpad sss

n harars prs n h as hrars has bn a rgar raain and shng drn IN , r xapl, ngagd in a rnsr apaign whh had h pna dlpinnw nsns a drai nr nanns hrgh nanlandlrd li bargaining grns wn ar h s dra nlB nsad sng h pnain hs ar

ns hrgh and nsa nrrng h nannls in gnin drai bds, JIN rganirs adpd nw rganing prirs sn ar hrnsi n had bn h bgan phasiz idlgial rainng r h hand pna


16/64

cr2(1tioD : rnLl)C/" ,onSCl>Jc . 2b.Lind"

Pr_! In( T)irOSes _-;. 5 { t x i z gri2v:_ncs ,'tuaJ X a cbli;tE int2r:_cal)


17/64

essetial at this te to the buildig of a e!(which is what we were about) tha was the develometof coflict-stimulated teat coucils.

A good poltcal aalss coud alwas be madeor such a shift complete with showig ho the

shift emeed the hstoca errors of the movemetsice the eteeth cetur ut soo, fustatowith the ew drecto would gve th to aotheequall coget political ratioale ad et aothedirectio would be embaked upo.

I ogaiig staffs had bee resposbe to agoup of ogaizers age tha themselves suchshifts woud have bee much more diffcult For

exame f the JOI staff had bee esposibe to theadica movemet i Chicago o eare to ER forthe deveomet of teat coucis Utw a chagei that resposit would have reured a moe detached ad delai debate wih the Chcago oveet(or EAP. But the absece of such a oaizatoalcotet fo oaizi oltical ograms coud chageas uick ad as esosibl as the whims of the

ogze Ad sce te sucess of a poawhethe leadesh tag or e ste deveometor massve efae revace ctries ta;es loertha the deveomet of a orazes fustatioofte o roam was ve a chae to eed

al a thd easo fo the costt shift orgazi poites was the fact that theabsece of boade ovemet stucture fm whch

ogaies could tae direto each g oject had to bear the burde o hsto o its shoudesEve whe e erce of ew potcal meatveswas ot the poduct of frustato such ercetiohad to esl e dets eav ushed

bsess behid A roject could ot decde that agve tas was potat without tself dop evethig ese to effec that task hus if JI was

voved the taiig of wefare eciiet leadershi ad sudde decded that t was olitclimpotat o focus ublic attetio o the arbtaess of casewoes it could ot poose that adiffeet ogaiig poject assume resposbiit forattetio-gettig welfae demostatios while JOIcotiud i the quiet tas of ceatig idigeous


18/64

eeshp n th a s an lt pre ctstrtre dsn plta labr was ncneae pret ad t scre ts ngng wheer wa th hhest prrt

t th ach pret re spnsbe nl tte, t s n the ghest prrt r theet as he s t bera the hstrca tas ng hat eent

A crar ths prle was the psslt exerent al wr H cld a pre t eperentth ctr rganng, r nser rganng, rdrat resstance rganng n sch a ntet

pr ents prde nrat n r rganers , ntes sar ass eents t n the asence arader strctre, wth the brden eent ldng brne entre b each pret experents cldnt e r sed Each rgane r dged h s n rthand ae the extent t hh he lt a setn tht eent a pret experented w thdrat resstnce aed, and was rn t c

nt t wh cld the rganers ge he enet the r experene r wh cd the hear , arewrth n r ees hae dne s an nablesre n rdng s wth nwledge a theps s bt wrng las s drat res st ane Inthe sne andate r sh a grp eperentsre h t s

CONCLUIONhe E strctre was set p t test partlar

hpthe se s abt er an set hen the sehtheses were abandned, the strctre sered aslar ate t pral cd nt hae dealt ththe new prbles that rganers ctted t bldnga ret nar een aced strctre shd

lw ntn, then the dese E as as tshld e Bt new prles deand new rs eent

rgane rs n an nds r cnt rgan ng pres snals rgan ng , drat res st ance , shprgan ng hae aced slar prb les n the lastthree ears t ld be srprsng and trag neeent strctres prbabl n a regnal bass ere

nt sn deeped t deal th these ne prbles


19/64

F

1 he c onerence led direcl o salishen an organizing proje aong

nepoed Hzrd K col iners projecich aiied wih R hen i was creaedsoe onhs ae r

17

In one respec RA projes an heoric had aver deep ipac n aor and era orgniz ions is eri n re h e new ieralor prgras o coni deeopen andconi cion proecs were ineced erheavil D d ERA . e rheori o pari cipaor decrac in ER le he peopedecide has ransred he ar n Per heiizes rade gains Per e Pee rpsd e rric soe e ar deiso a w ss rgaiers are sioe d ud by or e&p r id o n r i A ganzescasoly r te e ad r

e o re ees w lL:e r seiors a ie'wly

Ths, e f t si rst R i t vd l bera sG more ric 2tD. nt 9n L8:J"iC2n o v aeisor g r e r 1s vv e o dreor is e rle ees deidE ae reo seri s e Decarion deedece he ersaies Pee nere nd e ni harer ar e ree soo exape s Noneeess e proision eris o newrheoric o coopaion was neer conscios goa

o R organize rs he se o ERA rheri he Unied Ao orers eie in he iiensrsae gins over is a ar cr ro hevanizin o he UA rn and ile o ssproes

3 . ne crcial prole enconered RP projecsi hich is paer has no deal is he prole


20/64

Fonoe 3

; ,g h ni rence n anzi i m n rm p mnner N n ure ned i n p hiu of ii e-m

SS in he Souh??? an olw the birth f a mvem2t whiteSOthe studts ad wkes i the pages

ewstte.$C/y (1 ssu) Mae yu ches payabet: W RLEAN 0VT FR A DATIY, P Bx 7 ew eas LA 7116

THE PAPER GER

deped ada mthyseig the memt ew gad

'bems f gazg tategy he memet**sses pe a adut ew et **

NO ON N!

Lsa e, Rets day ag"Ph Raup etaed sm Pgam

a e et Atiit Pty a eiestee ha e w et \ith athy?

- b Pama, Remembe J We m Fmhe Pety m Ha

ame pies ad th mat equest;subspti ates $ a, $3 f yu a t adme. Wite, he ew gad Fee ess, 39 ast

iged t, Bst Mass 118hes payabe t Fee Pess


21/64

Fr Old to Nw Lt

M M

"h in ss socilis oing ou wy ugs oxisnc wih i wh inow ists n blis his iplis syphic unsning n suy of is ppliion fo ou on ounys wlf

h scilism w fo h in ouown uny is h socilis still to bpnn n popos by n fo th popl ofh ni Ss. W ppo in pincipln fn h xisnc of th soclistsociis of th s of th wold W nnotn o no ppo of y c of hs

socitis but w bli with D DuBoisn Ann Louis Song h h wilingh instumn of socilism wll fo th gooof humniy

But o lbl ousls soci implislistin th ingdints on h ll n thfomul fo mic is sill to copound

GUIN Edioil Oct 2 958

ft lmost twt ys of continuous lypubicion th Ntionl uin is dd ikStuis on th ft th imdit us dh wsis stff's inilit to on spons t thmnding politicl conditions of th lt 9s uth similit nds h A nw Guardianl coninus bu wih its issu of u 10 uts lmost its lstmining linits fomtwi th pst Wth thxcpion of fw foign cospondns (noblWilf Buht in Souths Asi n nn ouisSong in Pking) n som nonitoi ploys

wholly nw ioil sff n ousi contibuossh o nw onsituncy un h slogn: hu o il nwspp is to bul icl


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;e". Hh remang ependent the new n tff hpes ht onsttuency wle w et (o&niztonly SDS a NC).'W Y peopl act s journasts ) they

say.

n on se the ags he Guardan reectthe assn o one geertion o th center frdi potal tivty ad he coi3 f te ew)ith t difenc i prspectves ad stylehs \:e8 But ennn s r f cicl why \8 he nratont ts ptc 190's d 4snble t n oe of is e ort sttu-

s? Why was t od rdi unbe to adat adbcme t editor desred, a bie eteen theats il2 the e want o be abl uppt te w uarda? Vat were the aterntvee d :cts o rl pper the 190 so h CuardiB' cotte abe tagre Te sws t quesos such as tes oghtto r e 2d der codions the

iQ mght calee t coheret radicalvee Lite frt, se;s t e hEs bed by eihe w aran or its foer editJaes onn t S the To t I all ookt t l Gdas ots ad nstitc nd tso + w

ou proessl spaeren se mnpolt exeriene s in te orgation of nd

act l es wtin te Aerian wspperu C n th 9 retured ro Jorld r II,S roso ts) "most reuctat to go bac to jobson espes wher red o exrssio was og not a fct As dcas ti i he s as tocee hat tdy caled cune su ithi thei pro ;on an ntidote to tedaiy and weekly press Thir pota perspectie

genely agreed ith the f the deogcal ctero grvty o th meica eft o ther tme-teCmunst party hu they sw rumans antSovetplces s a beayal of FDR nd te New Dea andth ounded the tonl urdn3 s n ndepedentsporte of the Henry ce Progressve arty


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DICALIS?

I his t io rt i ce Aroso cs the Grdi souders rd ic s d idee d reers t o it co

s i stet s rdi c ewspper . ut s i gi i ct uti he resiged te per ced itse p rogre s sive reerred t o ders srogress ive s d otied epi ci oit ic per -spet ive s whi ch were rdy di theurd ' s i rst i s sue its ouders de i ed the seperspectives s cotitio d deveopet ote progressive trditio set i our tie b FD d

overwheig spported b the eric peope ite st our pre s det eect ios Thi s ocourse ws so the outoo o the rogressive rtywhich preseted i tse s brod peope s e ectorcoitio o uioists egroes d idde cssprogressives who wted o chieve ace reedod udce b repc ig r s p t edersh ip o the c pit i st sste it tt o ce

ooseve t s orer ice pre s det wod retur t hetio to ew De poicies o riedship wit theSoviet Uio u ep oyet d ci i i gh s

SSCRIE !RAD I CA L AME RI A n e e ds y o u r s u b s i t o o e s e

mp v e d a d exp a de d p o d c t o a d d s t . We a l s o e q e s t h a f p o s s e o p a c e

t , g o p or bokshp .

$3 f o o e y e a ( $5 o u t s e he US a d Canada )

$2 f o SDS n a n a l membe s n god s a d i g

$5 a d up o s po t g s ub s p o n s

BULK : 30 e O y o r 5-1 0 cp es . a ck i ss ue s

V o . n o s 1 2 no a v a l a b e

Ma k ec k s o " Ra d i a l Ame r i a 1 27 S p a g h t S Ma d s o , so s i 5

BULK ]


24/64

NWYORKSTATE LCTIO

Indepndent:ocialss widfinie pace on ball


25/64

23

Bu th Gun no off c nyof h poc- h Pov ttpt to d th bo byon thfd of cot dc, n hby pu

punch Aonon wt ht "Th Gun dth cptt yt th jo ouc of thwod pob , bu th o Gn d notpub cy do o , xcpt by p c , unt wnto th 190 ' nd, n w o h ct thtt nt tff n % of hp woct, b th t fuht thpp coud o oocy w p tht oc

b cud ob nv n not ho wod Th ky o th n dchoty, ndto th fu of th od Gudn to uv th160 , n t p cont tuncy Th Kon (th Gudn oppot on to hch, onont cu ccuton f 55,000 o 2000 non y) o out th t of th dhp Tho ho nd pdonty w,

ddc dc no on youn nd wthf to uppo d ot y hy th ovnnt ud n n h f (thonb) y uch k th, n t hdth ot pofn job n th chhunt knfnd ho hd . nd on op of th cthytpon, th th ot Pty on n thot n Huny nd Pon ocd th fh nh oct od ( fth th th Gun hon uch to utn thouh c fo th Sovtnon n Etn uop ) .

n hot t Gun cont tuncy of th 150 w ju fby c confud nd pot cy ontd, n oty whw fo cpot c ct vty Th Gudn nfocd h ntoc on by o dn nc pot c conty, pon c bt dopn

n tpn to "ho toh th Gun fot on oc b otu , k th ofth t of th Acn Lf n th 0 ' w on y fn .

t n h contt n wth h oo hh Gun w confon wth th bnnn ofc ct of nw nton n th y


26/64

0 8 The ins Frem res ad ant -HUACosrti were !arl ome, oth a a sgnth t: lg yers o th " si len generat on wereve wth th hope tht oung people woul turn

o t Grian fo r ns an gu dance . Hhie it waser xpiity sttd I susct hat the paper ant de r sw a n7 ver on of the ogre e artn ak : ar attem to uld an eectoral o th stregtened c i v l ghts moement,he ivin t-in nions a th ol grassroots ddleclss prg i . But it oonec evdn hat most of te new racas saw the

uardan--sotes nfai rlY s a rel c of the past t he ound the Guarian b r g It conse -mon a i piecn together clisro te daly es s photo s nd capt ions in thesr of te fsho n eople s unry, "het fai and auY o the (eetng ofdeense grops e th oel Cmmittee the Aericnmitee Prote c o f the Foen Born the

r3y Lbe es nio V Jed ra the egnnng of i t r i z an the atosphereee oe ss ve s ronson writes he paerd amost n urnovr i y ea r s . I ths aye 0n why i h setd into a i Tr as tnt petty snpn at te etor anthe pper and prsonal euds andd entirely aset

was spr xtt co whccharacterzs ny ftiona acconts of raicalj on s onon says th most f he orin alstf eft fr mainly nc re sons u tseee to that ost w, lKe tGa n redrshp dooay epressed an Qy of gl

ere ere eort 0 orse t ttrct

rom th ew et rops a increas capusaerh W these faled o increase crca o r ' p i i as no as he now wtest the e rgen ce of a ner of sall iptc l c t ions n n ers ity communit es , utather tht we he se s on rea anthin I 3 th aer egan to pea tlf


27/64

bd bn h n on m nplc h old n n coud o,n o undfnd y fo om undf nd u hun conuny h bu of h

ful o b moy py cn, n hdn popny of h N f o ndo h h h pon un y ofn h h youn ud o h ld fd n coun.

Th od dl of upcon of h f l opmn cd by h odh ( cfu y o b con dn h

c of dc con h l fo nh nd oc dmoc c ndn . SDat l un b h h L d n omun cu n con u n Ao y hh h op o o n n h h f on on o o d n pcbl c c nd hn c h mo youn popl

o b u ondd udn yn h con l o n odd cl on o h on chldn fu on o hmhu n my

f ny h Apl 5 , 1 nm Mch on hnon, on by SDS h connc h un conuny h h f on concn noc n h p

l of n of h f h f, ho m h f o poly hn fo hun ' on < l ppc fh d of h Dl ld f Amc h m of h foudn of h udn h n c u ou u o f od n n mnooy , hy ndu fo h ol of no nouh o ll fo pc , fdo nd bundnc W hol h h o of h f n Amch h n of h hou h opn of mon, l n conn n fom, hch u bou o h h founon of h po uu.

onon h h f h pp n Apl,17 bcu of pofound n h mbof h ff on h ol n funcon of l


28/64

ewsweekl The st he ss he ld tht the pperhd not hieed iluece or stture og the Neet e se The Gurdi s ot re spo s ie to i ts

ccers d spirtios ( coclusio with which Iwould generll gree ) e st t e s tht he o thecontr wted to ecourge oug rdicls ut oti eect cter to the especll sice theirtii did ot ke oeet d the eric letsti incuded signiict nuer o older rdiclsho e e r ro red to trow in the spoge

hre is I eliee s tuth i the proposi-tn tt SCC nd SDS do ot cpr

is

e e Aeirdi counity nd i the noio tht oug peopledo he sething to ler ro ore experiencedri c s . ut there is nothe r r e whol l i gored yons d the old Gurdi costituenc: the Oldet /w et diereces i politicl sociliztioe stes d understndi o the ter rdici t s e l . t hd lys seeed to e tht the issueshich i ddition to dends or orgniztionluliciy dre ost response ro te od Gurdicnstituec cocerned proles the Soviet/Chinesesplit the de s irei l it o workin or les serevi electorl cdidte rt in the Soviet Uiond so orth tht re generlly irrelet t leston the ; the Gurdi discussed the) to the costruction o rd i c l oeet in Ae r i c Si ilrlthe oder genertio o rdicls ote hd persolcoitents which preeted their prticiptio iull tie rdicl ctiities direct ctioc uit orgni ig etc . The ir e leet ws es set illy iddle clss electorl politi c s . Ishort they ere otite d i the i r rd ic li s their desire to help lierte other peopleottheseves.

he old Gurdin voided the hrd ideologicl

questios i ridgig the gertio gp itaiing i ws oru or ll iewpoits o theet . Thi s ent costt struggle to pulicizethe ctiities o orgiztios rgig ro SNE toSprt ic i sts n o ect ie stle except o suchcriti cl Old et s sues s exclus ioi s ( o theCunis rt ) To th s our st c t e ch ue


29/64

27

Aonson ie e ppe s ccmed epecnd pesige" nd is iy o sie wiesecin p icions ied so d eeec o pcing e Gdian oside e moeen

ino poiion eecing is coponen pas \i ega o ei eg ssance o oe s i wien o dics o sed o ad oec oe? O did i si y o eac e ncomied coeage o een oside eMoeen was no mc o eie Rm mckkngo I one nscaing e-

OD ND TE NW

Te ene ew win e sa gdaygowng yonge ecse o e nngne oexpeienced wes o is onng e pe a ac cee comen o adi css aee o dion newpe geIn e end e yong ae won o ecae o

e ance o ciy o e agens oeediaey ece e agey geeaona ceed d neeson eiop aonge a. Te od con ency a e ig eney nd oed e n. ae oe an a ea e deence een ed nd e ew e ee eoed on a ee oye e an io.

Nw e e e pa a coe new Gdan ce e e d c cege : odeeo ceen ec n o a adica pe Te e cen nd e odGuadn nadeqe o is . T e gn e nw s o mco iens od ndmco Deoi e as ac c e oeen.s nes oe eek ecion o SNC nd 8 ncona o e APFB o e E L pinon and

coenay donae ad news n i ien page.Wi i e geniney " independen " wi ceaepecie coniseny inos s eadeo w i ee e od Gdia did om o is oie consienc es nimpoan ce o e Gdin ' s e y ie ine sp im a e ppe ' geae


30/64

nc n biiy o h oiic ncio h un i c o ionhip o hPo Py, whn i oh fo h innnco ni o h bihn pih iion of P o bck ino hoc ic Py in h y 95 ' n ho yh in pok piony n nch i c hch, wh h nc o hp n y, ci wih h h ipc of pcnicion n o iion

S

. i on h bn chop o i np oi n onicion " Th ionFb 5 , 5 p . -

I n w chon conc io u o -oo i cn i ci i w ifo Oc in icn uin, oun

in Okho L n upn onyix y i ( in 1942) on A in in Th i ion uin fny foy y n ubni u o i hip fc hi in

Wa dgar rdnbrgngWriting in a tdnt agazin?Writng on Los Angel:

"The new musc, lms and newspapere not ius

hppe cuosts. They ay

be the nl hng keepng AmrcaSocey fom beng taken n y ts wncnt nd downng as f a cesspl The nest thng abou s nges s tht these hopfu leave fgss ae gowng among t any plas

tc ea'- nd ee peap appracg ful lgmacy he cultue ,elucnly supprs

Rad on campu aco mTca, TT a unqu publhnvnu. Ownd and opad by anndependn oup of udn unuual pspc bn h houhand da o youn opl no hpocu on' you ak a oo u?

CIVI7 D R 4474

$ y O


31/64

Socialist Opositin to World War I

h es eewee

In Apil , 1917 , j t on y ft UnitS c w on Gny, th Socili ptt n ncy cont in in St . Loi I wth f it Soc i i connt i on inc 191 . F iy h pd, y of clinin bhip no of iillionnt with h poibilii focc In i ynot to h St Loi onnio, y l oi Hillqi cdSo li with owin liy i o own on i t ion , n i i w f l lnd no ld connon in o lon l

B i Soc i li own hi c n tp t , now d h opotnity o cop Th joiy of icn, ty bi, woppod t o c ltio of w t c i i ind t onl oni foc willi lto c on tl in w . T fcd wo F i , o in h in pdoppoiion o th w cond, o lly h nti

ln of nn hind t Sociinn Wi pc o h f it k , hSoc ili w i ly c c f . Wit ptto h cond, y lo cfl t oi own Winin own 1917pd t y t cilt llcc-whi inc, fo fit i, ySocili t ot in in jo Etn cit 2

With nw io, h Soc ii Loi connion dopd n ni-w nifo htin t o loqnt onn o icnocili ft y Hilli n lnon , ofh nt n h Rthnb, of th Lft, iwon by l joiy Snt o on fd oh pty ip, i won b y 1 0 o 3 5 o o pow ttn 3 Th nifto bn,


32/64

0

ubr be N ow to

new fliticsIn our current isse:

The Peace and Freedom Party- Michae l Fr iedmanWinds o f Change The Trade Union A ssemb ly

f or P e a c e Ja ke Mc C ar t hyT he Ni t t y Gr i t t y - T end en c i e s i n t he P e c eMovement David McReynold s

. China Cultura l Revolt ion or o is t React ion? Raya unayevskayaPover t y a nd P o l i t i c s Kimb e r l y M oo dyL ab ou ' s Hard Wint e r Wa l te r Kend a l l20th Century Metternicks and the Fear of

Rev lut on Rob er t F Smi th Socast Poicy for the Mddle East Bernard K RosenA Br ie f Tour of Soc i a l Chauv&nism Ha l raper

p l so ok Reviews Corre spondence

nclosed is $ 3 50 for a one year (4 i ssues )sbscription to NEW POLITICSName-ddress-i ty_--- l e a s e make checks payable to NEW POLITCSa i to 07 F i fth vnue , New York N Y 10017


33/64

w vieam dispatches by wfred burchet n phnom penh columnsby sauon lynd domestic seethers by nscc-memr julius lester columns on u;:. dwe raon movemens g reports on the cmus by dy fus wo reoed orangeburg ecal reos on weapo, lan america, afrca g teews w e fugs and others onocl aweness among e rock-soul eople g book reviews reiews ecord reviews much more wi zi weely g subscri today or send for your free cop

SUBSCRBE

tl1

nnnlnkl

Pe end e free copy of the Guda . enclo $ _ for Ten-week sub$ One-ye regur sub $ 7 One-ye tdentub $3S0 (iclude name of school)

ae-pea pri

are

i ae zip

7 . N Y NY.


34/64

The oct Pt o the nt tt n thpent gv c m t llgnc toth ncple o ntntonlm n wokng ] S olt th wol ov n poclmt nlteb oppton to the w jtcle b the gont o te Untette

t conne wth ttment o oppoton to clle hm ntonl ptot, n g woke ee to ppot th govenent n w Ate nln c o he w, the mneto etot the om whch mo thn n othe ctonoe the gonent t

bn the eclon o w b o goenmnt ce gnt th peopl o th ntette n gnt e nton o th wo.In mn hto te h en o montle thn the w n whch w e bot

to eng o h h v ben oce pn ple thn tht whch th cpt ocng pon th non gnt wll

T t onld wt l o n n moeg p n h c tg ng w t, n pg cl vnpont pgo t on Th pm nc nno oppo o t the w thh l wthn th nlng opoton to oncpon ctnto n the w 4

The t o mne t pent ocltpt l The t bckl n h nthe ng the w J f" n o on Femple, emn cn ttck on R t

th eolt on o obt ong mn oc l t Bt ept obt qvocton the p whol ogt h gnt the n gn the moteo epen e ve enconte.

Fo th et Wng th w t et cntentw th nnt onl t pepect v Qe t on we neve pomnnt n th pt nt th otbk n Eope owee the pt h gn


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nsderable attentn t te questn re vs.restrted mmgratn, and a prlnged bate nnternatnalsm revlved abut t. Te et wngdevelped a strngly nternatnalst pstn r

free mmgratn. Te Rgt wng n te ter andtk a natnalst pstn wt very strng vertnes natvsm. Tey favred eavy restrtnsn mmgratn, and ts effetvely beae tepbl pstn te S alst party. Te Centeravred sme restrtns but ts spkesmen were rte mst part ree rm te natvst atttudes te Rgt.

fter te utbreak war n Eurpe , te re rmsts, Center and Rgt, r te st part sedter natnalst perspetves. Tere stll remaned vestges , rse smetmes mprtant. Butte uestn f mmgratn was pretty m rped n dbt partly bease was a mt p nt durngte war yearsand ts ad a lberatng eet nte mentalty te refrmsts. Hwever nnsstent ter ne>lydevelped nternatnalsm was wt te r past, t dd nt ave t be nnsstent wt wat tey beleved r te present.

Te et wng was sspus te rersts entrane nt te arena nternatnam ndnsdered tem mpsters. Mst strans mer an s alsm eel te sae way, and snerefrmsts dmnated te party , tey as w s tpssble t aunt r te strng antwar psn

te Salst party? It was a rermst party , wt refrmst leadersp, yet dd nt betraysalst prnples le ts Eurpean nterparts

HITRINS RRR

Te answers t ts qestn vary. eraps temst allengng s te dea tat t was realy te

Left wng tat , dretly r ndretly , arted teurse f te Salst party drng te Jar. nef te best strans eran salsmTedre Draper, suggests ts.

T Draper, te Let wng mgt ave std alnen ts ppstn t te war f te gvernent adnt flung ts legal dragnet s wde . . Te


36/64

eis eadeship aded adca sue eb e l v , ecause ey wee ighened he ss a he e in ud hewi se w n nf n de he ad e \ ing

inc i u nd hs a ies spi he ew n ega in S Loui wh ian esu n Th he ade i is s ib e f he eW eege a e cnvenin as a fu deeped,neendn ca ce Te fa ha eist Soca e e n be spaed vnmnrre s s n was an ac ci den ae w i e s

eadn csn w e gvnnt ws n wa he HiquiBege ea ad ine nded Te s u n di d ca f an aden a s "unyie n p i in cnsc n an e an easue s u s w vd f e sun we neese in nnea mnve ing ha nbsung e IJr efr

A si pn v s Juus u eea becns an e ased s nd f

nas Ms bus f a is en na h e p ry ' efss Tke xal , i a g w n scias ed e ee ca D a nd vefe e h s ns d f ppuns is rbal r a e a s

e rrmL) ud e r erd a de an -a e s n u w s a p s w Bee s ov rnmn epesnw e fne y na in y s wn i e F r e "m n e d innna ne r D n n bscn e wef e p d e V : . e e e H a Brger a v n Ena Ac

bsun a n senenced wen es: nn . H W feed pedin ape n ne n a bnd The ue wh ied e cas e Ks unan and s sa id ae e a

s dispesue g Bege eneas a eave h ege i


37/64

35

eceedinly because beliee that te laws othis country shold hae enaled to haeBerer lined u aainst a wall and shot 6

oreoer, a multitude o other indictments had beenreturned aainst him-or which he stil aed coniction-ood or iteen hundred years imrisonment Durin the Hardin administration OscarAmeriner reorts, Berer was oered a deal I heran or enator aainst LaFollette- which he had doneonce beore-the Administration would 1 see thathis twenty year sentence was thron out by the

ureme Court, quash al endin indictents and3 lit th illion dollar bond Moreoer they

would inance his camain They wanted to slitaFollette ote , to enable the Reublican candidate to win ere r reused

Clearly , the anti\ar actiity o men such aserer cannot be elained simy by their ear othe Let win It isn't as i as raer says, the

oernmen cast its net to idely ad cat se barely committed reormsts y mistae I tht werethe case , these reorists could hae eaded the net

with easeAnother ossible objection to Draer's analysis

erhas the most imortant- -is that it ails toresent an accurate icture o the ocialist et win First o al Draer ocuse alost eclu

siely uon those eleents that were soon to comrisethe merican communist moeent It is imortant torealize tat once well eeloed they diered inmany imortant resects ro the traditional et

win The traditional Let was a loose areate osyndicalistic industrial socialists, orthodoarists, and reolutionary olists Their mostreresentatie ublication was the nternational

ocialist Reiew, which had a circulation o some40,00. The Enlish lanuae ress o the olsheikLet showed much less diersity , and was limited toa ery small circulation econdly, Draer in some

ways trets the embryonic Bolsheik et as i it were ully deeloed this were the case thenthere would hae been treendous dierences on the


38/64

t fGr i t - and ed he i n g a 01e {" fte 0lshvik Reun e B the '"ee no yet;)lsbE (12St f the \;r ea n dbasic " . L u 2 ) J : m r Ed i e f t , te e si ar ) bd e pat ' sr e r 5 Q nt: g ter psi o ,t e d i f e e t e n Iuto r t i i mgat i o t d g s w t I'rE_ . ; l3- my ? therequ vo t on evde n n in g n at i n a li s;

A e hey t cen foriss ',VQud olth Gera exal ad supprt te U i itetee he ar Grauall c e ai i riers ms promieny ois Bdi and ouis Fraiaegan o empasiz i i e n i a li s poed o t ef ori st s n at i oa i C e t a i }y tere weredi eenes . e 1 ex t nue d assert that Th kD h n n at i he re

mists dsagred st og y Despie his however et ing attude twardhe wr difeed ery ie th e eormists .

heir anals e s which appeared i eft ing bicat ins s uch as The New eie The Mas se s and heInterntionl Sist ee-shwed great varietya uncert nty . Te r wa s seen aruly a


39/64

37

rdrs r, lrss ' r, m s frrs ' r r dl pls ry d ry, d sfrh h Jr hrs r s hr sps f m ( m) d Vr h r d ghr, hr rsrrsgly ll lyss. rmmg hs r, r rls rrlrs Krl h d lr-ls P

mg h mjr f Vg rrs r sLs Fr Fr s ldg mr Bl drg r yrs h s mm s m h sshg syls s shrd prhps h ry g Sss sh ld r n h R s s rlrYJrl rFr s r s rd J r Ydh rsg sly r h rr

ss sr , r sg grs

hrg r h Fr r r N -p s dms, 19 16--r l 3 ls rl h I l r r pr hr pl fr rs. mrk mrr rhr

h r l ss I l, --r prrss prl Fr gl r s h m p r rmp sm r sg rlr r


40/64

e ein ad oin te New Reie in 11ne of i f a ite a eoy to Danieen . n e ced oi iit nd icoee in ined in o moeen a

e v d ne o t ie o e eman Sociaemocy . n ny 915 e mont afte e of e dnonced e at i ona i ti coci of iit e efomi and waned

i ti m i on o it de Sociai i in iiti m . n t i in ee can eno ei oc ati on . Sci i i intenat iona o

i ot .in in ac 915 ina taed in anote ttac it

emai c y Soc iai m mt ao ecie on ain a ece in wana ion nee t ae te dec i ie fcto i cion imie ninaionim andSoca docy coete diamamen

t y Jne 1915, ain ie d cmed o etai on of nt inim ow fe f of eman domiion e ote

In it Caitaim e of miitim a animn miiaim i not n indinaend nom ae of Cait i . emany icoy od imoe a n and mitie miitaimon te od dain i economi and oiticeoce and c i ieaian i at ion . . .

Te eat wa oe n ec oni c i a caei wa a yt of c iii at i n ta emai ed e yi c e mat ia nd te miiai t . ooed o ti e Aie wee e nc onc ioand iefe ct ee en at ie o e mn tei i and e indiidait Teefoe aina

eieed Te neta nation cannot aow mt noo emany to win . emany mt e eae if i e te woe wod o do . . eee e eda t ie on i e and fy t iie te


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oc of h wod, o n "h d of hAoGn o n h

Fn w no on n h f mny.

ponn Lf wn pon dd oywh h A En do of Th ,wo n Oco,

No ony o h w nd nc o on o dc h h K ndh y chn whpd ck no nd m s h e j L h no m

c : h ( 'boinl

! [ F

; ] m S Waig w oh t h r i c i i A e i m ndw oh eig ody Fn Bhn w yndc d n oc o f h nnooc R e vi w .

hod i o h iEy ei Si w h h o

iu-iig g , oHiqi, d H B Hyood wd h pi hgh ai) hn h c oo h od w how o e n oh h K ndh opn dcc i A fh of h K w hocy onncd y h of h T . B h dn wo

w R md o wk y Thdm cod hv n od ph, hd hf wn dod conn hoy of h w mp owv f h ny w conn hy ndd owd hoy ofnon h c n h co Gmny co w hd o h , nd h w n nn y


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Tere ure fusion n e ef winnernin e io of Wdrw ison in 1916 . rier for : seM sn nd onReed _oed h for e iden Wi orred

n ri i ed e r fr noin in de n en eei oufo wi roei, en ve for i e edorinWi l s n . Yea r er h d I w in f I u e u y n ve ne n ern ion o i l i evie nservlrevunr I k i y n. In ) e eview rned n unned ediori

n Miwaukee der Vior Brer rforiswp- rii o isn. In r ri i s i fre soder rse , edioril red

o h uiin f ir ns reide o s e e wor ls ofer u of wr urn irrier erid

i ses of e o e rin s de no d 3

o ow i Wl on r, rn Bn n Te s se ed u o i w s i d ed 8SC ed o b 8 iude . . . f in ever : e e e u undr 14

In nree rs fr ee, e ef

in oi i s d e o i ive o ffer Ineeer r e ed, I is or k orer f or ee no o rin ee , nd denon ede urren oii r pg s eiineen nd roern. e iiee rr w vrul il o f ess in B evi . I le for no inden ii e s ,nin sefdeerinon fr onries under forein

rue, no ir r nv ror i ion nd neorin of r C ne rn n e s n , efwn ereiin ois Budin wen s r s ooose n oe of r sien ru overnen in or res i unins frie, esei woud ffe on e ie 1


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41

LET GT

The jo poste seston of the eft wnfo pece ws not eout ony t . ost , n

cun Boun Fn n Estn, foe eueof t ons pn, s th efosts . Boun wsespecy enthusstc but d emoctcfedt on, s n tente to ntn sm . uchns wee bsed uon the de ete tht w ws emnnt of eudsm o a ouct of ntonsse upon cptst deopent ony up to cetn ste . Thus ctst nt ons coud co estpecefuy n wod fedeton, esec fcoeed by the on css .

n the poem o how t oppos . noementn the w the eft n ws fo the ost tes e n ue . hen son en h s ppedness cmpn, une mny of the efomsts theefused to e cence to th de od ths,howee , the hd tt oncete t o sy . Thouhoutte ft n t ns thee ns the t of ms n ut ths eed me hetoc thn ent the oshe eout on e t subst nce n ont ote of tnn the nto c , ut ussn Boshe e s efen t o oen codtns . The de thene ste ws on ey mentoned.

ous mn tes of Left w po focton ntodce t ocst meetn n nttn

ust one month befoe the t . ous eenc conenton eon Tots nd us Fn thee s ees of he eft wn, nd ntoduce esoton cn pon ocsts to,

esst effts t ecutn by e ns ofss eetns, steet eonstton neduct on popnd , n by othe e ns , n

ccodnce wth oc st pnc pe s n tct c s

They so ce fo stkes nst ndust conscton 7

By the t e of the t . ous conent on, howee,Left wn membes h footten wht thy ened fo


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Tosk hr, opsed Hlqu-LRuhnbrg mjit ola-whh cnn sn f h kyF grn nru on w a n h lg

wh h o m h rsy n rs oop ouony spv n Yo own p L w oo y wy no o o n o o h oy rol on unlvy ug wa n on acuy od o og for on. h L w ano gan

n hs gav ou n so o hs ouy w h pas f h Socaay o h Un S n p onnonsmld dm ou duy o p o hshp o h Soc y an h wongclas o succnc n o oupoon on h quon nvo an o ou

ln pa o an wch w o h ns o s o hs couny oolow

on h cuss o h nd ann o an lay salsn l o h gad docac nsuons o hs cou y ad al ad aal nss o s

o sss manso cocuddll o hs asons lad s o h coclusonha w opos s wa wh all powso ou co.

a wa poam ac n

h covnon _ d Boudn solu onoly ss a hal h wn dasvo o coul only av n wn odsnus vluonas o h ossu on h quson o w hs h wpo So h dnc w onlysupcal

n h py dopd S Lo nfoo wnown So s c w ounu h maoy o py


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renn the roree ntelecul o hmrche en me nto the wr mp 2 were,heer , eerl mportn Let wn eecor hoener e le ttenton rom oc

htorn Alre entoe were lm EnlhWlln n rn Bohn, two o the mot rocet wn rter o n the wr , bo tor o t_heew Reew Jonn them were enr oon nobert Re L Monte obon, on wth ueneeb n Lou Boudn, leer o the cmbnon nutr-poltcl oc tenenc o thee n, n n octe edtor o the

ntern onl oc t eew L Monte w nedor o The ew Reew The reormt prleerh hd been r to end h norer to wrence drn the mou re,bec ue he w too rcl . Durn the crtcl197 H l qu orMor c pn n ew Yor t whch trcte he tentn o the pre llcro he count-thee en joned th ht wn

e ctr n opo n H lqut The ue publc teent to the pre, cln qu "chmon o Germn Kutur n ccun hm on neele d nd coort t te ene odemocr the ord or ' \ th ret toRu the routon, the the unpeople re not n or o Gern pece . eHllqu e te ton o the nrct

oct Lenne, nd ooe the enne oclo eren n a letter to the e or Te ,Fr hn clled Hqut upporter weepn cowr n comon trtor to clton "9

core, thee t wn deecter were ecept n - ju were he R ht The tmjort o oclt hped up oon the . ntere the r threw ther we ht behnd the t

ou mneto, n prepre or the cutrule he . t mpo ble o tbulte llhe rret n concton o ocl or obructn he wr eort went on t l lee Morr lqu, who ce torne or mnrcl proecute b he ederl oenment,wre,


46/64

4

I i eimed h dun he w bo wohon pon e onvie unde he one Lw nned o e ofisoen en wen-five hon

. n mn if o mo of hee convi ion h S . Loi pomion pled e nd fl } 20

The e ion emin if he ef win loneneihe di no idiel moived heSoi p o on niw poi ion hw did i oe bou ?

Debs, th Sociaist Prty cnddte for 9 th te Atn Federl prison gg hs vice-presdenti unnig mt Smu Stedn.

WHY T S T PRTY TOG?

Dniel Be, in hi e, im h hee ie h o he he h hi h popo ion ofGen fo Ge nd Jew in ui in hep c oned fo muh of he oppoi i on Be l howeve e hi infomion fm Che wdel, ih win defeo n he onl ocili


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o h pu ic uppo ppn . Ru i hih uib ouc . I c , ' mn nu i, h okziu, w hoi ow h n SPD n uppo Kibknch Th p mn nu ion u Kon To pk . A h w ' hoi i ow u i i concn ,b h im h S . Loui con io m h TZ h bn ohow , n Soc ii uppo h nw Rui

o conici i poin o iw h bmo hioin o Amicn ociim, icuinB, Di Shnnon, hn Fi, n ui

Fuk Th u h h h p n moco i o h uni on mon , i wouh b mo in i imp poin hin n iniuion o h wok o h u io o h w . Th p po wou hompomi i i w pi c ip . Thi i hp pn o h FL, which h mo i-wui ho o Am ic nnc h

pow. An o cou , i hpn o h uopnocii i which w o h uion To bo hi ioi , o hhioi i h h mo imSoci i u h p f h . S . w , oi ih omp i upo ii

It m b u h m Socii

unioni , houh pobb mn .o imon, how i h c h in ho wo h h p i on uni upo, wih on op o h , i mi i -w . Th wiwu, Wicoi ho o ico , Rin , Pnni . Th uni on i h pc w hi mn, i iion

Bu h o h Rin Socii, u, w o pin o h PniF io o Lbo . Duin h w , u - whow mou o hi miin ni-w ciii-w-c pin b h-o-on moi,pi h c h omp up cw o mku h w 23


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45

oer reaed po oca ora ake a ue rea are, e ercaoc a + pary ad ew o ca rogod , ade!eo nog o coerve . Te ac a ado ged ucce ad repy pered e

uxur o oppog e wr ou uerg reayeu coneuence . T proe w aay a ew e ercan oca par pureyr e adpo o e a uropea pare e rue e o a pary wa a , ddae a o ce rve r o a e par ada exve pre w rcuao e oc wa o oay deroyed y govere re

e o e cod , e pary wa a orga a oaep g o o aa e ad o grow . I aea ared ee caracerc w e Europeaar e pe rea ve a ee rp oe 0 ouand . en e aor e egan o radad punder na oa ad oca eaduare r oc a were ouraged ecaue e par wc e ad uover e yar en a grea de a o e reover J

e er par a a ry pora orce age ar e on oran a on wc woudd ad g e ce o repre o . Te evenexpe ced o ae gan dr e ar . T ro r ow dpo e ad a o o proec do u e were unw ng o do acgow a e ad er ow ve o proec e dagr ey aced a reaed y Max Eaa ,

Ocar erer Jae Maurer and oercano eexageraed.evera oran argue a e geograpca

dnce o rca oca r e war n uropenaed e o oppoe . aer e oao ,ey were o o roue a ede aryrea o er ao were e ropean o c a . nee d oy e poe o r o a a e

ae argue coud e ued or precy e oppoeoa dace eaed erca oca ouppor war e ey were uouced y dea a o . e cody argue coud o accouor e oppoo o e Rua Boevk oeore ad aer ey oo power, or e varoory oca group, or coverey or euppor a Br oca gave e ar


49/64

OevE:al ot e y i r f cre elpfui ndrs t hc Gg wy e S c i 2 1 s t r st rongly a t - w r .

F i o f , s e e n t o r

u j C Qn ':e heed -deb y - r l 5_n 8 . c ' ; re he h prt w ] e I n Cc \ s e r t peth;l Z } e o uaf = 1" CrL3ct i : ,ls a ; he uIe ptes Ld .

A r c S o c i a l s t ,. 8bJ m'frm h exp r nc ' ; ht n B no y t d t ure =u e n t e w r,Li:!ch Hd 8 n.ng : e Th n t i 0 S e s s e e 2d h t i G J e 2d H s ke oe e s n l y Furh e

S ve h resugne - 3 e 3uopEsn cale Lus m e t i e 'd

e L e tr e D are a \ / Y q w _) h C e t ( ', _ " hd 3l e e s n t e o . t

s d t a te t ;e i s s r ed . It w e e J Dh 2 V bn t jan o r s - 2 c gee d e

6 i toe 1e " t an / - r T 2>t;:- !e e

\ 0 l an3_ ; J-Y U1Q 1t V S n ) gi e n

I i x td but I nt r G mjor p t o t he v ro s re8- t s e e w r n ses

st p ous e s . k t


50/64

48

re r expe selss pe e wr, y re see wr gres s es sppr ere e _ g ere w re s s , e peple - es w re erey se plle r

s eve s ply rge rle g e . Ps re y prly relef [e s ey re ls r ee. I s er es uge y- - prprse E Tps - u evere rge Wever e s e e sy ever s p rgs es e re us weer e s beweeru eees, e wg us be ep pers r s Te p s er lss rg e r errg pps ws pr s al a ry er er e wl seeeme gs erweg s . seres s pr expe e ee ssessrug r

TTE

1. er Socilst Aprl 14, 19 Jes ese Te Dee s

A New rk: M Reew ress 19(7 P f s e es s preesveys s ls -wr vy Tsr e re prr e ppere

e se s , ree s y e se ss b rws r erey dere sreers

D s se we e s ys 8 00 ver e pr-wr res gg e -wrfes re - - e j ry Te jryws sx e . e es el G A Werer Aer Cs (e rk: D

& 97 r g e ve Aer s Aprl , 9 . Tere Drpe r Te Rs Aer s

New rk Te kg re s s 96 ed P 9 Js l , Te Orgs e Aer Cu sMe , e Ier l ll 955 pp 6 .


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iian yes an Taves Cleent, Rebe Aeica( New Yok He an Botes 19 5

Os ca Aeinge , I You Don ' t Weaken ( New Yok Heny Holt n Co 190. 9798

Loui ain , Te New Review Jue 95 808; ugust 19 153-154 .9 Teooe Dae, O c it , 2

10 Louis ia , Teewview July, 14 , . 392nTe New Review, auay , 195 17; Mac, 19 , une, 191 5

1 Mx Eastan, Te Masses, Octobe, 94, . 5 .12 Mx Eastman , omet o ivin New Yok ae

& Btes, 948, . 2 -1 . Intena inal Soc iai st evie , 9 7l 14. ank o e asses nuay 97 .15 uis Faia Te ew evie Setembe 1 ,

2

7

18 .

19

20

.

2

2 .24 .

ouis udi Te ew evie" May 95, . uy 5 . 1 .uis adman ab Lawe e Yo E P

utto ad , 9 67-58.Aei is il 21, 1917 Te New Yok T im s ctobe 9 , 1917 . ; lette oveme 97, 1 Mois i1quit ose Leavs om us ie(New Yo Te MacMila 9) 6anie e , axi a Sociai sm i te UitdState s \ i oad ew gbet nd Stow Pesos

Sociaism ad Ameica ie Vo I Piceton Pinceto Uivesity Pess, 5 ) , -3 aiel Bel O , 314 Davd Sao TeSciaist Pat omeica New Yok Te MacMillnCo 95 ) 98 Ntan Fine , Labo and FaePat ie s i te Unite Stte s 182ew Yok Ran Scool o Soci al Science , 192 , . 307309 Julius Faulk, P cit 165 167

Jaes Hudson MueIt n e Done ( New Yo TeR Scool Pe s s , 93 22-230Mois Hil1quit cit , 1


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50

On the Radicals' Use of Hisry

J w

ames Hesein Te ecne o Sociais in mericaew or ony Review ress 1957

-

Be and ames Heinsein Te eaning on Socasm. Radca America, ome IIjr an. e 9

ms H sein s Te eie o Socaism nmeica is e oinon o Hiam eman

ias rovcave c o new og ad more

reevan ac on " resmay among mercanrads /ensi we desy avoidn angiias [ i own noneeess resonded oa Be s review o Te ecie . . on e grondso a c aim c Be aso acces Bo assmeas a re o m a ere are essons wang or ry in e soiais a and a se esons can L _ ro o ne g and more reevanacion Te ecange conseeny rooed n aYmon ndersandin is rca eaning ysses

eera ioan weanesses o Hensen s nerre on o socias oiica sry wie asinga serios on ao radica sorogray Tese weaesses I in desee soe aenion.Te cenary ic oos res aend o emI is n no sene a orog oing crie raer a mied jdge_ ased in ar on a readingo Heinsein ' s o and n ar on Bue and

Heinsein ' s ic cnversaion. Te cmenary saresin e imiaons o a crcism since i oersno aernave inerreaion B i e crii smsare vaid and e researc ey sgges acyreevan en anoer inerreaion may e pssie -


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I ON WEINTEIN EXANATI ON O TE ARTY LIT

Te e ntra fai ing of Te De ine . s its re iane on a ronie of interna part tensions as

an expanator ke to te part spit s Exept forreferenes to Great Events-the Russian Revoutionthe War et - -Weinst e in re st s i s asi s amostexusive upon wrtten reords of debates witin tepart . The impres son tereb given s that teriss in the oiast art was se-generatedtatit was } in fat the ns ious reat on of the eftwing . Thi s expanat ion requires arefu s rut in

bot intrsia and for wat it reveas aboutrada hstorThe eft wing ( so te argument goes ) rea

emerged as a ear aenge to te moderate eadersip o te part on n 99. The movement for aspit in the oaist art I ! We instein wrtes . .dd not deveop in te manner or or the reasnsthat it dd in urop It sprang forth sudden and

with itte or no nterna impetus in the spring of1 9 9 " he spt eee b a t essrita of Amerian reates than mitative ofRussin events hh tred to impose a Boshevpot i a ste on the So ist art singBosev rhetor to rte the od edershp-main Berger and quit- the eft intted amassve rse de nsene in the part assuming

that the Revoutinmeaning th ft-woud be adedb te purgat ve spits hi woud oow . When thespts n the part dd our the ere thus basedess on the ve optons ang soiaists than uponanatia distortons irresponsb imposed onexistent meria b the eft . onse quent renderedimpotet b severe disunit Amerian soiaismentered a period of dene from whh regardess o

te shap it assumed it oud never emerge Taen in vauo ths expanaton ontans aneessar germruth -name that the eft wing perhaps more onsious of Bosevi histor thn tsm pred ament aepted the vaidit o a spit nte part But to make that ne e ssar germ of truthte sufient ondition for te dsease gnores tenature of the anima . As everwhere in hi stor trut


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5

s so one den s on and acce ssble Three sstons e ehn he epnaton of

the s s n the pat surze here f rst , ta ht the ture Soast Pry, left to ts

stash oe f esence, ws cpale of ovngsed toard new st n the Uned tessec t ssues tht he leershp of the ercanocst Paty dffered esrb n the cone ofs poc though and oenta reevance fro ts uroean counterprt s and, fn, t assue s

hat he oderte eaershp of the pr, unle theeft wng was crtcal atuned o ercan real e Ignorg for a oent he nortve pcons of each ssupton t s neessary to pont out he hess sup le by these assuptons ustdenstrate rather han assue ther truth echassut on , hat s , ust e e ste . therw se theexpnaton ess at base thout the support ofvdence There are severl arcels of evence - severa uestons rect reevant o the fureof eran socals whh sgges the recton su

se en exnat os ht take . nd though they areof theseve s wthou d sut at ve value e theyrove nothng , the do suges hat e stor oferan socals has no been exhaustvel studed.

s crtcal ort o know, n regard tohe fr s ut on fr exae the role of theocst Pay ' s le ershp n the wave of stresbegnng n 99. ee en ke Vctor Berger as n

terese n the srkes as n eetoral oltcs Isthere any evdence to say, as ensten does, thatthe par h have een abe to chnge ts perspectve on the ong range prospect of elecoral workha t not been torn aprt b he splts of 919Rdcal erca, p . 5 If there s no evence tosupport the asserton LJ the prty ght have eenab t o change then the h storan ay onl conclue

tht the part ether could or wou not rethn tspost on on eetoral ct vt Th , correlte w tha nedge n depth of the coposton of the strkes,the eans of the strkers e . . , ere they revout nar or , as We nste n suggests , urely brea nutter , s cearl lgne to the ue st on of thert splts If agn by eple , the strk es ha


55/64

revolut i onary content , an the oe rate eader sh ip inot repon to the then that wou certiy co-t r ibute to the c limate e a ing t o h plit . Finay,

ince it i true that the prty mbrsh hifte ic opoit ion fr o nat i ve to fo re ign born it woucertainy be ipotant to now weher or not the o-poition of the trie reflete the ratio of that h ift

The tet for th scon auption unerinWe ntein ' expnat ion coprat ve : "I n Europe whe re the union ere c lo e y t ie to the Part ,

Weintei w r t s burucrc s-nrst in holig onto theirorganizatio wa tronger tha the principeo nrnon I the Unite Stt n o i a i t in top union office cos o rmn c ' sn wth t r un ons Butt un s a h IHW leare ha to sportt Wr or sry . uh r unonSocsts dropp out o t Prt a ptros) ut t Pr bus of ts onm s savedrcm-thfaof-i Europencort wbl t o -oU,1ar ndgte-amn r2nk s os o{ Egh-raui n=f c I s . ( t,ly- lT,P a i s J. S 1hi tet ontns vr ccr

oron; o h Europn soc s tss r ib i l ity t oppos t wr a o 2 g iton the rn\ a fi . n sn i f a e . In rnc Grmn n nn mjor an -war voice d rn ro he erteVionian t o th Zi e ai an . n Frc b198 the Miorit e b Jean Lonut gaine onroof the French oiait art ( SFIO ) ; r Gnounterpart oraie in the Geran npndnoi Deorati Party (US I thik t inter of tr or p o i t i c a prspctv wshs mi no r iy o i a i t w h o r uronounterpart of lqu a Berge r Certa iny a of the e oc i ai t agree that w hi e the olhevikRevout i on wa o aj or iport an ce it in t re quirethe to rethi the p oit ica tactic they ha wore


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5 4

prr ad he clapse f he SeodI ea a d ke he Ae a So a s s hepe r h "e cs os of he Se oder & a he e f he Tw ad 1/2 Ieaoa

ee ared by a vferous ef whose qes wass aod efebve p ea oge : "Y o weeh us h d sgle . e agas he war :h dese s he e e

he e sruge efebe pas s a e spoe fas h od eu h gea dvg bee oft yohfu ef h ppeared eveywhee e Ifred by a e ad vors ea! ef hred sef agas he d ad

e ea oa s f he Se cod Ie a a o he pswar Lef eal d eaa cgresses f aoa secs dscusscals pcpls d o ea oued ( " i paear" a dd t e a her a e evlu ahosad e ha dd ea rahe a a d al b th rada sas aswh

ac wh Ieaa apae aseg aal yaes wh a haahdo s s s cepua pry I was ae fe wh e a ese age reeds bh he pas h ee everee hede sps he F s d a ad he So asswh had a q ed Capas s oage

A CITICA IFFC

u he ew Iera oal s haege was eherspe al rage r a fgh heo faase d f he ef s e see was aedae sese he faure he Sed Ieraoa despe s vala pewa rherc preve I h e p s h h fre d heef afer he wa se he ff f he Od ad"

so al s s ve rbd aed be a e e aas" g he wa fo soa paos keag ad sse Aea oageos oppoesof he w a ke erge ad q Ye he o e ha esposed eaoals afe he wa wasea; was o ge he eave spe qes of oppsg he wa, egadess o he dff


57/64

5

n cu nhnt n tht oston tht ctd th snct o socsts t w nw co ng t ssu t st s ngtv ctn f

untht no o ws wud b ught n thutu h Lt ntnd gn tht ssunc bkng th Wod o uton d f tht nttonws chc f t ws t t o tsf futhtct, t ws not bcus t ws dshonst,n bcus nobod bv t

Wnstn, b ng to nvstt h contntof cn scst n ntons, b g th

quton oston t WW qus ntntnsqus socst ut, attbus t h Od Gud chct t hd t of th son ths s n st ' s pus scovs j whcha nd s ptnt a, htAn scas t coas 112 buath cou as a fore Aca hso t s t b h sps 1 1 Fo f hear h a i n s ngth ug th w a ; l bthe l2t: - O dC S [., m1s n s o asume th h ad r p w a a u h ap ra i of e g a s ?Unray, t o s n . T m i a a pvi uy nc h sf hrgn bn J r y d rni d wrk in c Prap E une e ir

x p n D o s t i - a r ; 'a r t t Oeig

t o r s f t r 2 thy r

f t G ' h w ar Bu sc th n t t n t u y avaa o hO a e e r a a i y th sacgs h no fr a exein of h oost o h wa bs h s t on h

O ud noc h opposon o cptst at h s t d no sus t b n ct ha cu s us chngth cnoc bas th assud ws snsb fodg c nto w h s f htctt d wth th gnc Lt wngw th fus f th con ntntn ndcttd to dt on chngs n

cn soct h O G undstod tht, nd


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in a mov wrth o th most Bolsvizd of parts,recipt1sy eeled the Lt from th SocastParty.

* * * * * * * * * *

I O RIC IO

d fro al of ths, the, what do , coclud?He l . othig really, abo te Amrca S o c i a l i s try peraps somthing out th wa w kowor h story . V inste i has written e history of

AJEc socialism th wy it has alys ee writte- f r o m e t op dow There is vy lttl ss ofe assions which moved me or of the reaity they r ed and strugged gaist . he assmptio thatisr cnand shoulde writte ts y s th0etdo g !_ cal c r of most cotempor ry h i sory , andis srs it wi e whose polta comit -e s e rge fndamet ll f om i s ow . Oe mustask,

t hen , vihetr or n-: The De c line

ofRad i c ali sm

n Ame r c a i s story . Th answe , I t h ink , is tt i s o . But i order o exli y i i sn ) one ms s ay "'t rdi al i sto ry i s I do otc to nw J bt I ae some oughtson hat c9 i sory shoud e D i re ty rele va to mog Y rdica i s o r y s m understandig of itsnsir o : y n oer ords do e as rdi s

"n s s t o n r d i t o r ? A ttempt t as"er

at Qus t i o i e eme wat fo low s n an esay n rece nl pul se e

i e Acde en i ed stor cl st andSxsea e sent tag Ld remrs that d site he aleed anitoriism f t New eft,e ee or collect v s i s f e t w i t r t u rk en es tdy by yon . C le . ' I "ned or ac l ct i e s i ! isse, apaey> fro e tornof t i ng te Beheot Y ong pe oe ( d mre cn-sously youg radicls ) are ware f te taliof mer i c an repre ss io f te s art io of Amer i can

socety wih te energy of cororate cpitalism Thtaity of repression sretces bed he xst-tia t t ubm te pt t cp s i n g As adals e re thrfor o oy


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cr by h val assn h rsn-ha whavr s wrng wh rca gv schs a wll b rslv b h bcnc a crasngly alrsc an allabl cals-

b als by a asra ral rcn sgs as r hs ry a rj n hrr lws an rrssbl a a hrghr ng h lar

Thr ar rally w as s n h cnscsn ss ag a racal hsry can la rha s wha nns h hr rbably can s ra sngsh h r aslg as hy ra ghr h h rv warracal hsr s ra b h cncs wans ny a s rss by al Bhl n hsrcr rark ab W ns s Th Dc cals rca

s rca racals yg an l gral rrgazanal rs an accs bs cbarals a caals hs cnry hy

n rg ha h bal r as has bngh br ha a las svny yars sccss a alr n h rvlar vn hav sra lssns ha [ blar My hass J S )Bhl s c nn n ha hr ar ls sns h

as svrly ls h arars racal

hsry l c ly akng racals s sbjcar Th hsry racals s ran r hr ras han ha hr vry snc s anb arrassn h yh r c a s as B hyar r rlva rsanng h ran crary cscsss ha h crra lBlack l r h Va s Th l s sn s n h as s a s gs sarch r hr s wh

hav challg h aly rcan s c y bjcs ha l sarch by akng cssarr h rs b s g s c acy . s rsrag h snc a racal ran nrcasccally a llcal racal ra s hg challg anall h


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suree etod of coteorar hstor

ITIST HITIG

Stagto Ld roposes a ogic coroar toue s ot n (w t oever Bule as o c on-ecton) wen e suggests tat te rea job of istor-as to project alternative scearios for tefute s ugge sn e serve s de attet on andoef l sub se uent tage Lnd onde rs et rr soians ig} as itorans nove tesees te pe c f i c out coe V etna ar :

ere te t orian cod be elful i yoinio, s ot b deeper but stl inconcusveresearc nto te past bt by projectng aternat ive 2earo s or te future C ons iderab eexeren is avbe to te eavor ofrevotonar ntionaist oveents uer varnevioenta pre ssres . ( si c ! ) tout pre sung

t rect

tfre stora gt

el erca ocy aers be ore feibe andiainatve b so to seak propesig a varietyo oucoes to te present boodbat ( 0 4 pass

I v '. [ O de te ssuton tat te istoras busines t futre s not to predictb t t o envi o t o s ay ( as ward Z nn as putt ) not at l be b t at can be Te pasts rasaced not for its o sake but as asource of aternative oes of at t fuuregt bec oe ( 7)

Here te noton o sty fro te top d rece ive s s ce re st eX s on . Ad l e te dea ofradica istory it stes fro te overeing i-potence e a feel as rad cals t er all w soudHe ra Kahn ave a te fu Lynd s w i g t osacrifce even te oe for radca istor o tecoig bl ock of reevance . But wose reevace?F or f wat Ld prescribes for storas is acceted,


61/64

histr is slete ; Ln in ct ccepts s mchhen he insi st s tht nl cntemprr h ce sensil ritten.

he ilem Ln perceives n tenttivel

els ith is centrl t ric l hi st r Ln isgrppling ith r, h "like egel n nke Ln rites

elieve tht ethicl gls nee nt e impsen histr s ince the ere iminent in it et espite thl emphsis n mn shistricl cretr elieve tht reem is

the rec gnitin neces sit . "

Accringl r smene like msel ( Lncntines ) h s mre n mre cmmitte tthe thesis tht the pressr histr shlls e histricl prtgnist cmplexcnrnttin \ith rist ecnmic eterminism s inevitle. (p . 8

rm his inevitle nfrntt in ith nerive the elie tht m mkes his n hstrin the persn the revltinr he revltinr trnsrms nt nl n ppress scett the ls o evpment f tht ppresiesc iet . " Lenin F ie l - these re the kers histr: " n revl i . . . reqires ecisin

inivil hm eings t egin t eterminethei r n e stinie s t htever c st The eight tht ecisin ccringl gives sstnces tthe mvement events. Bt n e hve cme llccle ro the lessns the pst t the ecisins the present hich re ienticl th eriverm the gish r pre ic ment

s then ri cl hi str ps s ile Pr l

t nt s therp n certinl nt s chrncle the mechnism ecisin either s inptr tpt ne cn gree ith Ln tht men mkee c i s ins tht the ct cns ci sl n tht the s ithin sc il envirnment . he histrin hever es nt test ecisins nr is he ctingi the strctins his crt hen he mkes


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50

the h e he cetr t r rc htrs t e re t rth betwee scuct ctu evet betwee the cutures

sc rces the cues the ethey ectt s thu the sec rg e r

htry tt h t rse. he h tr we ww s rge se t becue t h eree but becue t erves s wege betwee us ve e ur w hut It ether wr u the uctg c vut cut

r urse r st r hes r us the rete shru btrt.h s t bvu tgue te

ts r ex the t r hstry t sues y tht rcs we t eet the wrgs terr Aer . Whether rt we w succee beg rcs er hstr r thg ee re the e whch we st whh we ece

STUDES THE EFTBack issues of this outstanding academic socialistjourna, a deinitive ontributor to the developmento New L thought and ana ys i s are now ava il abea t das ti ca educed pr ices . ri ina ly pricedat $ . O per back copy they are now only THIRTY

F IVE CENS or mo st i s sues '. (Vo . 2 nos . & 3 ;Vo . no s . 24 Vo 4 , no Vo . 6 no . are7 0 e ach ) A set o 22 is sues vl . 2 no . 1 tothe a s t is sue ex ce pt Vo 2 no 2 is only 9 . 0 0 !

- o l . 6 no2 ocia li sm and he Ne Le t by Mar inSkar and Jame s We iste 5 Vo . 2 n o 1 L e tt e r t the New L e t b y C . Wr ight

M i s 7 0 .

Add t iona l inorma t ion on contents or spe ci ici s su s ava i ab e on reue st . rder rom GED T IUTR ox 1 2 Cana l S t S t a . N . . 1 0 0 1

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63/64

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,

radical america - vol 2 no 2 - 1968 - march april

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