radiation accidents in the former ussr ( burnasyan fmbc of fmba of russia register data)

Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia

Radiation Accidents in Russia and the Former USSR (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data) K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov. 02 October, Chelyabinsk, Russia

Radiation Accidents Radiation Accidents in the Former USSRin the Former USSR

((Burnasyan FMBC ofBurnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data) FMBA of Russia Register Data)

K.V.Kotenko, V.Yu.Soloviev, A.Yu.Bushmanov

International conference 02 October 2012, Chelyabinsk, Russia



Radiation Accidents Register of Radiation Accidents Register of Burnasyan FMBCBurnasyan FMBC

Radiation accidents register of Radiation accidents register of Burnasyan FMBC Burnasyan FMBC (former Institute of (former Institute of Biophysics) was created in 1985.Biophysics) was created in 1985.

Radiation accident data: Radiation accident data: the date of accident, the date of accident, location, location, conditions of radiation exposure, conditions of radiation exposure, the reasons of accident (if there is information), the reasons of accident (if there is information), the main radiation factors, the main radiation factors, information on health effects - including involved in an emergency situation information on health effects - including involved in an emergency situation

and patients with clinically significant effects, ie acute radiation sickness and patients with clinically significant effects, ie acute radiation sickness (ARS) or local radiation injuries (LRI), and died in the acute phase of (ARS) or local radiation injuries (LRI), and died in the acute phase of radiation injury. radiation injury.



Radiation AccidentsRadiation Accidentsin in Russia and Russia and the Former USSR Territorythe Former USSR Territory

Accident classificationAccident classification Number ofNumber of NumberNumber ofof victimsvictims

accidents Total Incl with ARS Incl died

1. Incidents with radioisotope facilities and its 1. Incidents with radioisotope facilities and its sources (total)sources (total)

9494 171171 5151 1616

2. X-ray units and accelerators (total)2. X-ray units and accelerators (total) 4343 5252 -- --

3. 3. Reactor accidents (without Chernobyl)Reactor accidents (without Chernobyl) & loss & loss of control over the criticality of fissile materialof control over the criticality of fissile material

3333 8282 7373 1313

4. 4. LRI cases of "Mayak" Plant LRI cases of "Mayak" Plant (1949-56)(1949-56) 168168 168168 -- --55. . Accident at the nuclear-powered submarines Accident at the nuclear-powered submarines & accidents at nuclear tests& accidents at nuclear tests

55 141141 9393 1212

66. . Other accidentsOther accidents ( (totaltotal)) 1212 1717 77 22

77. . The Chernolbyl accident, The Chernolbyl accident, 19861986 11 134134 134134 2828

TOTALTOTAL (1949-2011) (1949-2011) 356356 765765 358358 7171



Chernobyl Accident, 1986Chernobyl Accident, 1986

TotalTotal

Number of victimsNumber of victims (total)(total) 134134

Including: ARS (total, I-IV)Including: ARS (total, I-IV) 134134

ARS (II-IV)ARS (II-IV) 9393

ARS (III-IV)ARS (III-IV) 4343

ARS(IV)ARS(IV) 2121

ARS(I-IV)+LRIARS(I-IV)+LRI 5454

LRI onlyLRI only --

DiedDied 2828



Reactor Accidents (Reactor Accidents (withoutwithout Chernobyl 1986) Chernobyl 1986)

TotalTotal ReactorReactor

accidentsaccidents

CriticalityCriticality

control losscontrol loss

Number of accidentsNumber of accidents 3333 1616 1717

Number of victimsNumber of victims (total)(total) 8282 4242 4040

Including: ARS (total, I-IV)Including: ARS (total, I-IV) 7373 4242 3131

ARS (II-IV)ARS (II-IV) 3939 3030 99

ARS (III-IV)ARS (III-IV) 2525 2020 55

ARS(IV)ARS(IV) 1313 1010 33

ARS(I-IV)+LRIARS(I-IV)+LRI 3131 2626 55

LRI onlyLRI only 99 -- 99

DiedDied 1313 1010 33



Accidents with Criticality Control LossAccidents with Criticality Control Loss

Database sample (1953-1997):Database sample (1953-1997):Criticality loss accidents in Chelyabinsk-40 (Ozersk):Criticality loss accidents in Chelyabinsk-40 (Ozersk):

1953. 2 victims with ARS, no died1953. 2 victims with ARS, no died

1957. 6 victims with ARS, 1 died1957. 6 victims with ARS, 1 died



Criticality loss accidents in Kurchatov’s institute (Moscow):Criticality loss accidents in Kurchatov’s institute (Moscow):1953. 4 victims with ARS, no died1953. 4 victims with ARS, no died




1968. Tchelyabinsk (Sungul). 2 victims with ARS+LRI. 2 died1968. Tchelyabinsk (Sungul). 2 victims with ARS+LRI. 2 died

1970. Sormovo. Atomic submarine reactor accident. 5 victims with ARS+LRI. 3 died1970. Sormovo. Atomic submarine reactor accident. 5 victims with ARS+LRI. 3 died

1997. Sarov. Criticality loss accident. One person had died1997. Sarov. Criticality loss accident. One person had died



Accidents with Radioisotope FacilitiesAccidents with Radioisotope Facilities

TotalTotal 60CoCo 137CsCs 192IrIr othersothers

Number of accidentsNumber of accidents 9494 1717 1919 3939 1919

Number of victimsNumber of victims (total)(total) 171171 2828 5858 5656 2929

Including: ARS (total, I-IV)Including: ARS (total, I-IV) 5151 1515 1313 1111 1212

ARS (II-IV)ARS (II-IV) 2727 99 77 33 88

ARS (III-IV)ARS (III-IV) 1111 66 11 -- 44

ARS(IV)ARS(IV) 66 33 -- -- 33

ARS(I-IV)+LRIARS(I-IV)+LRI 3434 99 1212 99 33

LRI onlyLRI only 120120 1313 4545 4545 1717

DiedDied 1616 33 99 11 33



Accidents with Radioisotope SourcesAccidents with Radioisotope Sources

1975. 3 people have been irradiated as a result of failure of the shipping container to transport the source 60Co. One of them - the driver died as a result of irradiation

1982. Azerbajdzan SSR. Powerful source 137Cs was in the pocket of the cloak and the soldiers took turns wearing this cloak. 18 victims were irradiated and 5 of them had died

1982. A powerful source of 137Cs was in the building blocks of a dwelling house, resulting in prolonged exposure of the residents. 2 people died as a result of irradiation

1984. Loss the source 60Co in the city of Gorkij led to irradiation with clinically relevant effects of 8 people, 4 of them had been diagnozed with mild ARS, no died.

The maximum adverse effects occurred with the "lost" sources, when a significant number of people involved in a situation exposed to radiation



X-ray Units & AcceleratorsX-ray Units & Accelerators

TotalTotal X-rayX-ray

unitsunits

ee-

acceleratorsaccelerators

pp++

acceleratorsaccelerators

Number of accidentsNumber of accidents 4343 3030 1010 33

Number of victimsNumber of victims (total)(total) 5252 3838 1111 33

Including: ARS (total, I-IV)Including: ARS (total, I-IV) -- -- -- --

ARS (II-IV)ARS (II-IV) -- -- -- --

ARS (III-IV)ARS (III-IV) -- -- -- --

ARS(IV)ARS(IV) -- -- -- --

ARS(I-IV)+LRIARS(I-IV)+LRI -- -- -- --

LRI onlyLRI only 5252 3838 1111 33

DiedDied -- -- -- --



Atomic Submarines & Nuclear Tests AccidentsAtomic Submarines & Nuclear Tests Accidents

TotalTotal

Number of accidentsNumber of accidents 55





ARS(IV)ARS(IV) 1212


LRI onlyLRI only 4848

DiedDied 1212

1961. Atomic submarine K-19: total - 54 ARS+LRI - 30 died - 81968. Atomic submarine K-140: total - 68 ARS+LRI - 44 died - 41985. Atomic submarine K-314 (Chazhma): ARS+LRI – 7 10 died after explosion1956. Nuclear tests:Film operators and military persons were exposed from the radioactive fallouts. ARS – 8 no died



Other AccidentsOther Accidents

TotalTotal

Number of accidentsNumber of accidents 1212





ARS(IV)ARS(IV) 22


LRI onlyLRI only 1010

DiedDied 22

Classification difficulties,suicides, etc

In addition:168 accidents at the enterprises of"Mayak" Plant 1949-1956 (each case with LRI is seen as an isolated accident)



Accidents in the Nuclear IndustryAccidents in the Nuclear IndustryYearsYears Number ofNumber of NumberNumber ofof victimsvictims

accidentsaccidents TotalTotal IncludeInclude with ARS with ARS IncludeInclude died died

1950-19551950-1955 188188 216216 4040 44

1956-19601956-1960 22 1010 1010 44

1961-19651961-1965 77 1212 1010 --

1966-19701966-1970 1010 2020 1414 66

1971-19751971-1975 44 99 77 22

1976-19801976-1980 66 88 44 --

1981-19851981-1985 33 33 -- --

1986-19901986-1990 66 139139 134134 2828

1991-19951991-1995 22 22 -- --

1996-20001996-2000 11 11 11 11

2001-20052001-2005 11 11 -- --

TotalTotal 230230 421421 220220 4545



Professional Membership of the VictimsProfessional Membership of the VictimsEconomy sectorEconomy sector Number ofNumber of NumberNumber ofof victimsvictims

AccidentsAccidents

(total (total / / population population involved)involved)

TotalTotal IncludeInclude

ARS+LRIARS+LRIIncludeInclude died died

Powerful industrial gamma-settingsPowerful industrial gamma-settings 55 66 6 6 // - - // -* -* 2 2 // - - // - -

Gamma-radiographyGamma-radiography 5252 6262 62 62 // - - // - - --

Medical use of ionizing radiationMedical use of ionizing radiation 10 10 // 4 4 2323 5 5 // 6 6 // 12 12 - - // 1 1 // - -

Science & educationScience & education 3030 3535 33 33 // 2 2 // - - --

““Lost” sources Lost” sources (include crime situations)(include crime situations) 15 15 // 15 15 4242 - - // 2 2 // 40 40 - - // - - // 2 2

*Industrial workers / workers non-ionizing radiation / population



Medical Case Reports of Radiation Accidents VictimsMedical Case Reports of Radiation Accidents Victims

For each irradiated patient in the radiation accidents who was observed and treated in specialized clinics there is the detailed medical case reports.

All information is digitized and represented in the computer database.



Human Acute Radiation Injuries (Burnasyan FMBC Database)



Human Acute Radiation Injuries

(Burnasyan FMBC Database)

Friendly user interface



Skin & undelying tissue burns Postradiation dynamics of the formed elements of peripheral blood and the maximum

temperature

Human Acute Radiation Injuries (Burnasyan FMBC Database)



The Value of Information ResourceThe Value of Information Resource

Radiation accidents register and Human Acute Radiation Injuries Database constitute a unique information resourcefor the study of clinical radiation pathology of man and of the methods of treatment, which can be used to support decision making by specialistsin the diagnosis and treatment of acute radiation injury patients.



The Main References:The Main References:

1. Soloviev V.Yu., Ilyin L.A., Baranov A.E., e.a. Radiation Accidents in the Former U.S.S.R. In: Medical Management of Radiation Accidents. Second Edition. Edited by I.A.Gusev, A.K.Guskova, F.A.Mettler. CRC Press Boca Raton London, N.-Y., Washington, D.C. 2001, p.p. 157-172.

2. Ilyin L.A., Soloviev V.Yu. Med. radiology and radiacionnaya bezopasnost, 2004, 49, 6, p. 37-48 (Russ.).

3. Soloviev V.Yu., Baranov A.E., Barabanova A.V. et al. Med. radiology and radiacionnaya bezopasnost, 2011, 56, 3, p. 5-13 (Russ.).

4. Soloviev V.Yu., Barabanova A.V., Bushmanov A.Yu. Med. radiology and radiacionnaya bezopasnost, 2012, 57, 5 (Russ.).



Thanks for your attention!Thanks for your attention!

radiation accidents in the former ussr ( burnasyan fmbc of fmba of russia register data)

Documents