r&ac syllabus revised jun2007

Jpi-pacrpoly-2007 1

P.A.C.RAMASAMY RAJA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, RAJAPALAYAM-626108

Department of MECHANICAL (R&A/C) Engineering

REVISED SYLLABUS

With effect from JUN 2007

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Curriculum and Scheme of Examination

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (R&AC) R1 - Scheme (With effect from 2007-2008)

Total Curriculum Hours : 35 Hours / Week Total Working Hours : 35 Hours / Week

III SEMESTER

Sl. No

Subjects Code

Name of Subject Hours / week

Scheme of Examination Duration of Exam Hours

^Total Marks

^^Min. Marks for

Pass

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

6.

2041 2043 2471 2044 2045

2046

Applied Thermodynamics * Electrical & Electronics Engineering * R&A/C Machines Thermodynamics Lab * Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab * Workshop – II (Lathe & Metrology) *

6 5 6 6 6 6

3 3 3 3

2+2 3

75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25

75+25

30 30 30 38 38

38

* Common with Term IV Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

^ External mark 75 and Internal mark 25 ^^ Minimum external mark 30 in the theory and 38 in the practical. When internal and external marks are put together minimum 40 in the theory and 50 in the practical.

IV SEMESTER

Sl. No

Subjects Code

Name of Subject Hours / week


^Total Marks

^^Min. Marks

for Pass

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

2451 2452 2033 2034 2035

2036

Refrigeration Air-conditioning Fluid Mechanics & Fluid Power * Machine Drawing-AutoCAD Lab Mechanics of Materials & Fluid Mechanics Lab * Workshop – I (Smithy, Foundry & Welding) *

6 6 5 6 6 6

3 3 3 3 3 3

75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25

75+25

30 30 30 38 38

38

* Common with Term III Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

^ External mark 75 and Internal mark 25 ^^ Minimum external mark 30 in the theory and 38 in the practical. When internal and external marks are put together minimum 40 in the theory and 50 in the practical.

Jpi-pacrpoly-2007 3

V SEMESTER

Sl. No

Subjects Code

Name of Subject Hours

/ week

Scheme of Examination

Duration of Exam Hours

^Total Marks

^^Min. Marks

for Pass

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

2061 2453 2456 2054 2455 2454

Industrial Engineering and Management* Elective Theory – I Plumbing Hydraulics-Mechanical Services HVAC& Plumbing Drawing-AutoCAD lab Elective Practical - I Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Lab

6 6 5 6 6 6

3 3 3 3 3 3

75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25

30 30 30 38 38 38

* Common with Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

^ External mark 75 and Internal mark 25 ^^ Minimum external mark 30 in the theory and 38 in the practical. When internal and external marks are put together minimum 40 in the theory and 50 in the practical. 2453 Elective Theory – I 2481 - R & A/C Estimation and Design 2482 - Cryogenic Engineering 2484 - Industrial refrigeration

VI SEMESTER

Sl. No

Subjects Code

Name of Subject Hours /

week


^Total Marks

^^Min. Marks

for Pass 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

2067 2463 2068 2456 2465 2066

Quantity Survey Applications Elective Theory – II Building services and equipment English communication Practical Elective Practical - II Project work, Entrepreneur ship & Personal Skills *

6 6 5 6 6 6

3 3 3 3 3 3

75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25 75+25

30 30 30 38 38 38

* Common with Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

^ External mark 75 and Internal mark 25 ^^ Minimum external mark 30 in the theory and 38 in the practical. When internal and external marks are put together minimum 40 in the theory and 50 in the practical. 2463 Elective Theory -II 2472 - R & A/C Applications 2473 - Food processing and preservation 2483 - HVAC Instrumentation & Control

2455 Elective Practical –I 2486 - R & A/C Estimation and Design Lab 2487 - Cryogenic Engineering Lab 2489 - Industrial refrigeration Lab

2465 Elective Practical -II 2477 - R & A/C Applications Lab 2478 - Food processing and preservation Lab 2488 - HVAC Instrumentation and Control Lab

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III SEMESTER

2041 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS

6 Hours / Week Total Hours: 84 Hours Unit I: Thermodynamics and Expansion of gases Introduction – definitions and units of mass, weight, volume, density, specific weight and specific gravity – pressure – units – atmospheric, gauge, vacuum and absolute pressure – temperature- Celsius and absolute temperature – S.T.P and N.T.P conditions – heat - specific heat capacity at constant volume and at constant pressure – work – power – energy – types – thermodynamic system – types – properties and state of system – intensive and extensive properties – thermodynamic process – cycle – point and path functions – law of conservation of energy – equilibrium – thermodynamic equilibrium – zeroth , first and second laws of thermodynamics - problems Perfect gases – laws of perfect gases – Boyle’s, Charles’ , Joule’s, Regnault’s and Avagadro’s laws – characteristic gas equation – relation between specific heats and gas constant – universal gas constant - problems – enthalpy – change in enthalpy – entropy – change in entropy – general equations for change in entropy. Expansion of gases – thermodynamic processes – constant volume, constant pressure , isothermal ( hyperbolic) , isentropic ( reversible adiabatic ) , polytropic, free expansion and throttling processes – p-V and T-s diagrams, work done , change in internal energy , heat transfer , change in enthalpy , change in entropy for various processes – problems. Unit II: Steady flow energy equation and Air cycles Steady flow system – control volume – steady flow energy equation – applications – steam boiler – condenser – nozzles – steam and gas turbines – reciprocating and rotary compressors – non flow energy equation – problems. Air cycles – air standard efficiency – reversible and irreversible processes – thermodynamic reversibility – conditions of reversibility – assumptions in deriving air standard efficiency – Carnot cycle – Otto cycle – Joule cycle – Diesel cycle – comparison of Otto cycle and Diesel cycle - ideal and actual p-V diagrams of Otto and Diesel cycles – comparison – problems - dual combustion cycle ( description only). Unit –III: Internal combustion engines Introduction - classifications – four stroke cycle petrol and diesel engines – merits and demerits – two stroke cycle petrol and diesel engines - comparison – constructional details of I.C. engine – components of engine – cylinder block, crankcase, cylinder head, liners, oil pan, piston, piston rings, connecting rod, crank shaft, cam shaft, valve and valve train – materials and manufacturing methods – valve timing diagram for four stroke petrol and diesel engines – port timing diagram for two stroke petrol and diesel engines Layout of fuel supply system in petrol engines -A.C. mechanical fuel pump – simple carburetor – Solex carburetor – layout of fuel supply system in diesel engine- single acting fuel feed pump – CAV fuel injection pump – fuel injectors – types of nozzles - fuel filters.

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Ignition systems – compression and spark ignition – coil, magneto and electronic

ignition systems – governing of I.C. engines - quantity and quality governing – cooling systems – air cooling – water cooling - merits and demerits. Lubrication – purpose - properties of lubricants –types of lubrication systems – oil pump and oil filters – scavenging – super charging – effects and applications – turbo charger. UNIT IV: Fuels & Performance of I.C Engines Fuels – classifications - merits and demerits – requirements of a good fuel – combustion of fuels – stoichiometric air required for complete combustion of fuels – excess air – products of combustion – problems – calorific value of fuels – higher and lower calorific values – Dulong’s formula – problems – determination of calorific value – Bomb and Junker’s calorimeter – problems -Orsat apparatus for flue gas analysis – air pollution - effects and control of pollution Performance of I.C engines - Testing - thermodynamic and commercial tests – indicated power – brake power – friction power – efficiencies of I.C. engines – indicated thermal ,brake thermal, mechanical and relative efficiencies – Morse test – procedure – problems – heat balance sheet – problems. Unit V: Air Compressors and Gas Turbines Air compressors – uses of compressed air – classifications of compressor – working principle of a compressor – single stage reciprocating compressor – compression processes – power required to drive the compressor – problems – clearance volume and its effects – volumetric efficiency – power required to drive the compressor with clearance volume – problems – multi stage air compressor –merits and demerits – intercooler – perfect inter cooling - work input on multi stage compressor – condition for minimum work input in multi stage compressor with perfect inter cooling – ratio of cylinder diameters for minimum work input - problems – rotary compressors – Roots, vane blowers – centrifugal and axial flow air compressors. Gas turbines – classifications – advantages and disadvantages of gas turbines - constant pressure gas turbine – gas turbine with regenerator – intercooler – reheater - effects – closed cycle gas turbines - merits and demerits of open and closed cycle gas turbines – turbojet engines – merits and demerits – turbo propeller engines – merits and demerits - ramjet– comparison of air-craft and industrial gas turbines. Reference books:

1. Thermal engineering – P.L Ballaney 2. Thermal engineering – B.K. Sarkar 3. Applied Thermodynamics - Domkundwar and C.P Kothandaraman 4. Thermal Engineering - R.S. Khurmi and J.K. Gupta 5. Applied Thermodynamics – P.K. Nag

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2043 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

5 Hours/ Week Total Hours: 70 Hrs

Major Divisions

Unit I - DC circuits, Magnetism and Instruments

Unit II - AC fundamentals and transformer

Unit III - DC and AC Motors, wiring and Electrical Safety

Unit IV - Basic Electronics

Unit V - Logic Gates and PLC

Unit I- DC circuits, Magnetism and Instruments

Definitions – Electric current, voltage and resistance- Ohm’s Law and Kirchoff’s Laws –

Resistance in series, parallel and series parallel – Simple problems – Electromagnetism(Definitions

only), Magnetic flux, Flux density, Magnetic field Intensity, MMF, permeability, reluctance, Faraday’s

laws of electro magnetic Induction – Instruments - Construction and working principle only moving of

Iron(Attraction, Repulsion)meter, PMMC meter, dynamometer wattmeter, induction type single phase

energy meter.

Unit II- AC fundamentals and transformer

Fundamentals of AC voltage and current- Peak, average, RMS value of sine wave, Frequency,

time period, amplitude, power, power factor (Definition only) – Concept of inductive and capacitive

reactance and impedance – Series RLC circuit only – Simple problems – 3 phase system – relation

between line and phase values in star and delta systems (no derivations) – simple problems- two

wattmeter method of measuring power in 3 phase circuits.

Transformer

Principle of operation and construction of transformer, EMF equation, Losses in a

transformer – Efficiency, autotransformer

Unit III- DC and AC Motors, Wiring and Electrical Safety

Principle and construction of DC motor, types of DC motors – Applications -Principle of

operation of single phase capacitor start induction motor – Three phase Induction motors – Squirrel

cage and slip ring IM (construction and working principle only) – DOL starter, Star delta Starter

Wiring

Types of wiring -Domestic and industrial wiring – simple wiring diagram for a

residential building and industrial wiring (small workshop consisting of 2 lathes, one grinding,

drilling, shaper and welding machine)

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Electrical safety measures

Importance of earthing – electric shock – cure of shocks – precautions against shock

Unit IV- Basic Electronics

Semiconductor materials –N type and P type - PN junction , Forward and reverse bias,

characteristics on PN diode- Half wave rectifier, full wave rectifier, bridge rectifier, zener and

avalanche break down, characteristics of zener diode- application of zener diode.

Transistors (Qualitative treatment only)

Transistor – construction of NPN and PNP types- Basic bias requirements (Common Emitter

configuration only) photo conductive cells (LDR), light emitting diode (LED), liquid crystal display

(LCD) (Dynamic Scattering Type only) Thyristors - Principle and working of SCR – characteristics –

applications.Introduction to Integrated circuits –Classification and packages only.

Unit V- Logic Gates and PLC

Stepper motor – construction and working principle – applications of stepper motor. Positive

and negative logic, definition, symbol, truth table, Boolean expression for OR, AND, NOT, NOR,

NAND, EXOR and EXNOR gates.

Programmable Logic Controllers

PLC definition- features and benefits of PLC – Systems and its elements – input and output

elements – PLC memory system – PLC circuit verses hard wired circuits – sensors – types of sensors –

limit switch, reed switch, photo electric sensor, inductive proximity sensor – types of contacts

normally open (NO) contact, normally closed (NC) contact -, ladder logic symbol – AND logic, OR

logic, and NOT logic – truth table – steps involved in application circuits using a PLC – PLC scan

input , programme scan and output scan.

References:

1. Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Engineering by B.L.Theraja, S.Chand & Co.,

2. Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Engineering – 3rd Edition by T.Thiyagarajan,

Scitech Publications (India) Pvt Ltd.., 7/3C, Madley Road, T.Nagar, Chennai 17. –

3. Automation, Production System and Computer Integrated Manufacturing – Mikell P. Groover,

PHI Pvt. Ltd.,

4. Electrical Design Estimating and Costing KB Raina & S.K.Battachariya, Willey Eastern Ltd.,

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2471 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING MACHINES

5 Hours / Week Total Hours : 70

UNIT – I a. COMPRESSORS - Reciprocation compressor – Constructional details and working of single

acting single stage reciprocating compressor – Classification – Rotary compressor – Roller type compressor - vane type compressor – Centrifugal compressor – Comparison of centrifugal with reciprocating compressor

b. CONDENSERS - Working of condensers – factors affecting condensing capacity – Types of cooling medium – Quantity of cooling medium - amount of condensing surface- velocity of cooling medium - Air cooled condensers – Natural convection air cooled condenser – forced convection air cooled condenser – Chassis mounted - remote air cooled condenser - Water cooled condenser – waste water system - Recirculated water system – Types of water cooled condensers – Tube in tube - Shell and coil, Shell and tube condensers - Evaporative condenser

UNIT II a. EVAPORATORS - Types of evaporators – Bare type coil evaporator - finned evaporator –

Plate evaporator – Shell and tube evaporator – Shell and coil evaporator – Tube in tube flooded evaporator – Dry expansion evaporator – Natural convection evaporator – No problem – distributors.

b. EXPANSION DEVICES - Types of expansion devices – capillary tube - Hand operated expansion valve - automatic expansion valve – Thermostatic expansion valve – Thermostatic expansion valve with internal equalizer - external equalizer – low side float valve – High side float valve.

UNIT III a. COOLING TOWERS AND SPRAY PONDS - Types of cooling towers – Natural draft

cooling towers – Atmospheric natural draft spray type – Atmospheric natural draft splash – deck type cooling towers – Mechanical draft cooling towers – Forced draft, induced draft – Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical draft and natural draft cooling tower.

b. HUMIDIFIERS AND DEHUMIDIFIERS - Method of humidification – injecting the steam – steam injection type humidifier – Atomizing the water - Atomization types – Impact type – Hydraulic separation type – Mechanical separation type – Heated air type – Air washer humidifier - Dehumidification – Reducing the air temperature below DPT or by refrigeration spray type humidifier..

UNIT IV a. AIR CLEANING & AIR FILTERS - Advantages of removal of impurities – Effect of dust

on health – method of air cleaning – Air filters – Dry filters – Viscous filters – Wet filters – Electric filters – Centrifugal dust collectors.

b. FANS AND BLOWERS - Introduction – Forced draft – ID fan – fan types - centrifugal and axial flow propeller fan - tube axial fan - van axial fans – fans in series - fan is parallel.

UNIT V a. REFRIGERANT PIPING - Piping materials – joints and fittings – low pressure vapour line sizing and layouts – high pressure vapour line sizing and layouts – liquid line sizing and layouts – refrigerant piping for multiple compressor and multiple evaporator systems – pressure losses in piping b. ACCESSORIES AND CONTROLS – Compressor service valves – use of gauge manifold – vibration eliminators – pressure controls – temperature controls – oil separator – oil pressure control

Jpi-pacrpoly-2007 9

switches – liquid receivers – liquid receiver service valves – purge valves – pressure relief valves – filters and driers – sight glasses – solenoid valves – suction accumulators – suction pressure regulators – relays and overload protecting devices

Common list of Reference Books for all the Refrigeration and Air-conditioning subjects:

1. A text book of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning By Arora and Domkundwar 2. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Databook By Arora and Domkundwar

Pub: Dhanpatrai & Co (P) Ltd., 1710 Nai Sarak,, Delhi – 110006 Ph: 23265361, 23250251 E’mail: [email protected]

3. A text book of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning By R.S.Khurmi and J.K. Gupta Pub: Eurasia Publishing house (P) Ltd., Dist: S. Chand & Co Ltd., 152, Anna Salai, Chennai – 2 Ph. 28460026

7361, Ram nagar, Delhi. Ph. 23672080 4. Basic Refrigeration and Air-conditioning By P.N.Ananthanarayanan Pub: TATA Mc Grawhill, 7, West Patel nagar, NewDelhi- 110008 5. Principles of Refrigeration By ROY J Dossat, Pub: Wiley Eastern publishers 6. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning By Manohar Prasad Pub: Wiley Eastern publishers 7. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Data book By Manohar Prasad 8. Air-conditioning principles and systems – An energy approach By Edward G Pita

Publisher: Wiley international edition 9. ASHRAE handbooks 10. CARRIER design data handbook 11. SMACNA duct construction standards 12. ISHRAE hvac handbook 13. HVCA DW142 and DW144 standards

2044 – THERMODYNAMICS LABORATORY

6 Hours / week Total Hours : 84 Hrs

1. Determining flash and fire points of the given oil using open cup apparatus.

2. Determining flash and fire points of the given oil using closed cup apparatus.

3. Determining the absolute viscosity of the given lubricating oil using Redwood viscometer.

4. Determining the absolute viscosity of the given lubricating oil using Saybolt viscometer.

5. Determining the calorific value of the given solid fuel using Bomb calorimeter.

6. Determining the calorific value of the given liquid fuel using Bomb calorimeter.

7. Determining the calorific value of the given gaseous fuel using Junker’s gas calorimeter.

8. Study of petrol engine and its components.

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9. Study of diesel engine and its components.

10. Valve timing diagram of four stroke cycle petrol engine.

11. Valve timing diagram of four stroke cycle diesel engine.

12. Port timing diagram of two – stroke cycle petrol engine.

13. Load test ( performance test ) on petrol engine.

14. Load test ( performance test ) on diesel engine.

15. Morse test on multicylinder petrol engine.

16. Heat balance sheet on I.C.engine.

17. Emission test for petrol and diesel engines.

18. Volumetric efficiency of air compressor.

19. Study of high pressure boiler ( with model )

20. Study of boiler mountings.

21. Study of boiler accessories.

22. Visit to thermal power plant , hydal power plant and nuclear power plants is suggested.

2045 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB

6 Hours/ Week Total Hours: 84 Hrs

List of Experiments:

1. Measurement of unknown resistances using Ohm’s law.

2. Measurement of power in single phase circuit by ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter methods.

3. Open circuit and short circuit test on a single phase transformer to find the losses and

efficiency

4. Starting offer a single phase induction motor by DOL starter and noting the no load current.

5. Load test on DC shunt motor to find the efficiency.

6. Load test on a three phase Induction motor at various loads to find the efficiency.

7. Study of starters (3 point, DOL and star delta starters)

8. VI characteristics of a PN junction diode.

9. VI characteristics of a SCR

10. Construction of a half wave rectifier without filter.


11. Construction of a bridge wave rectifier without filter.

12. Measurement of voltage, current and resistance by using multimeter (both analog and digital)

in all the ranges.

13. Verification of truth table for AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, EXOR and EXNOR gates.

14. Study of PLC system.

15. R-L-C Series circuit

16. Power and pf of the tube light

17. Power measurement by 2 watt meter

18. Zener Diode characteristics

19. LDR & LED characteristics

20. Transistor characteristics (c.e).

2046 WORK SHOP – II

6 Hours / Week Total Hours : 84 Hrs

LATHE & METROLOGY

I – LATHE WORK

Objective :

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

� Identify a center lathe and its parts

� Identify the tools and instruments

� Identify the work holding devices

� Hold the work in proper work holding devices

� Set the tools for various operation

� Operate the lathe and its parts

� Do different operations that can be done on a lathe

Syllabus :

1. Introduction of safety in operating machines

2. Introduction to lathe and its parts

3. Introduction to work holding devices and tool holding devices

4. Types of tools used in lathe work

5. Types of measuring instruments and their uses.

6. Setting of work and tools

7. Operation of lathe

8. Various operations performed on a lathe


Note : The dimensions may be modified according to the materials available

II - Metrology

Objective:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• Identify various measuring instruments

• Use various measuring instruments

• Select proper instruments for measuring

• Identify and determine the accuracy of the measuring instruments

• Measure component dimensions accurately

Syllabus:

1. Introduction to linear measurement

2. Introduction to angular measurement

3. Introduction to surface measurements

4. Linear Measuring Instruments –Vernier Caliper, Micrometer, Inside Micrometer,

Vernier Height gauge ,Depth Gauge And Slip Gauge.

5. Angular Measuring Instruments – Universal Bevel Protractor, Sine Bar.

6. Comparator-Mechanical comparators and Pneumatic comparators.

Exercises:

I. Linear Measurements:

1. Determination of the thickness of ground MS flat to an accuracy of 0.02mm using vernier

caliper.

2. Determination of the diameter and length of a turned cylindrical (turned in lathe exercise) to an

accuracy of 0.02mm using vernier caliper.

3. Determination of the inside diameter of a bush component to an accuracy off 0.02 using vernier

caliper.

4. Determination of diameter of a cylindrical component to an accuracy of 0.01mm using

micrometer and check the result with digital micrometer

5. Determination of inside diameter of the bore of a bush cylindrical component to an accuracy of

0.01mm using inside micrometer.

6. Determine the heights of gauge blocks or parallel bars to accuracy of 0.02mm using vernier

height gauge and check the result with digital vernier height gauge.


7. Determine the depth of a blind bore component to an accuracy of 0.02mm using vernier depth

gauge

8. Determine the thickness of ground MS plates using slip gauges

II. Angular Measurements:

9. Determination of angle of v- blocks, dovetails in mechanical components using universal bevel

protractor.

10. Determination of angle of machined surfaces of components using sine bar with slip gauges.

11. Measurement of V-Thread dimensions.

12. Measurement of Spur gear tooth dimensions.

III. Comparison of Dimension:

13. Checking the dimension of a machined component with standard dimensioned component using

mechanical components.(both internal and external dimension).

14. Checking the dimensions of a machined component with standard dimension using pneumatic

comparators.(both internal and external dimension).

EExxaammii nnaatt ii oonn SScchheemmee ::

Marks Duration

I. Lathe Work 45 2 Hrs.

II Metrology 25 1 Hr.

III. Viva – Voice (Identification of Tools, Instruments and Materials)

5

IV. Record 25

Total 100 3 Hrs.

Minimum Marks for Pass = 50%


IV SEMESTER

2451 – REFRIGERATION


UNIT : I METHODS OF REFRIGERATION Definition of Refrigeration – Refrigerator - Refrigeration Effect - C.O.P - Unit of refrigeration – Ice refrigeration – Refrigeration by liquid gases – Liquid Nitrogen spray cooling system – Engine - Refrigerator and Heat Pump – No derivation – No problems. AIR REFRIGERATION - Reversed Carnot cycle – ‘Bell – Coleman’ cycle – C.O.P. derivation only – No problems. STEAM JET REFRIGERATION - Construction and working – Advantages – Dis-advantages - Limitations – No derivation – No problems. VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYS TEM - Practical Ammonia absorption system – Lithium – Bromide System – Electrolux System – No derivation – No problems. UNIT : II – VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM (VCRS) Simple vapour compression – P-H and T-S Diagram – Presentation of different processes on P-H and T-S diagram – Wet Versus Dry Compression – Effect of sub cooling of liquid - Effect of super heating of vapour – Effect of varying suction pressure – Effect of varying discharge pressure – Actual vapour compression cycle – Advantages and Disadvantages of vapour compression over Air refrigeration system – comparison of absorption and vapour compression system – Problems on C.O.P - Capacity of the plant – power required for theoretical simple vapour compression cycle only using refrigerant tables. UNIT : III – REFRIGERANTS AND ADVANCED VCRS REFRIGERANTS - Definition – Essential properties of a good refrigerant – Classification of refrigerant – halocarbon compounds – Hydro carbon compounds – Hydro carbons – inorganic compounds- azeotropes – Desirable properties of a refrigerant thermodynamic, chemical and physical properties study of important refrigerants – Leak detection. – Green house effects and future refrigerants – Ozone depletion by CFCs – ODP and GWP – Kyoto and Montreal protocol – Alternate refrigerants – Difficulties in phasing out CFCs – Retrofitting systems – Present scenario in India – Applications of secondary refrigerants VCRS WITH MULTIPLE EVAPORATORS AND COMPRESSORS - Introduction – Methods of improving COP – Optimum inter-stage pressure for two stage refrigeration system – Single load systems – Multi load systems with single compressor – Complex systems – Dual compression systems – No problems UNIT IV – PRODUCTION OF LOW TEMPERATURE Limitation of vapour compression system for the production of Low temperature – Two stage cascade system – Solid CO2 – Production of solid CO2 by vapour compression system – Liquefaction of Hydrogen – Liquefaction of helium – Liquefaction of Air – Linde system only. – Cryogenic insulation


UNIT V – NON CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF REFRIGERATION AND

DEFROSTING METHODS (A) Non Conventional Methods Of Refrigeration

Seeback effect – Peltier effect – Thomson effect – Thermoelectric refrigeration system – Vortex tube – Refrigerant mixtures – Cooling by Adiabatic Demagnetization – Pulse tube refrigeration

(B) Methods Of Defrosting Necessity for defrosting – Manual defrosting – Automatic periodic defrosting – solid and liquid

absorbents – water defrosting – defrosting by reversing cycle - Reverse cycle defrosting – Electric defrosting.- automatic hot gas defrosting – thermo-bank defrosting – electric air switch defrosting – two outdoor units – multiple evaporator defrosting

2452 – AIR-CONDITIONING


UNIT-I PSYCHROMETRY:- Psychrometric terms – Dalton’s law of partial pressures – Psychrometric relations – Total heat

of moist air – Adiabatic saturation – Psychrometric chart – Psychrometric processes – Sensible heating – Sensible cooling – Bypass factor of heating and cooling coils – Efficiency of heating and cooling coils - Humidification and dehumidification – Cooling and adiabatic humidification – Water injection – evaporative cooling – Heating and humidification – Mixing of two air streams – Simple exercises.

UNIT-II a. COMFORT CONDITIONS:- Thermal Exchange of body with temperature – Psychological hazards – Factors affecting human comfort – Comfort chart – Effective temperature – Factors affecting optimum effective temperature – ERSH, ERLH, ERTH and ADP.

b. THERMAL INSULATION :- Desired properties of an ideal insulating material – Types of insulating materials – Water vapour barrier – Selection of insulating materials – Method of laying – Duct insulation – Chilled water pipe insulation – Insulating the air-conditioning space – Acoustic and vibration eliminating properties.

UNIT-III AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS :- Room (window) air-conditioners – Split Air-conditioning units – Dehumidifiers – Package Air-conditioning units – Central Air-conditioning plants – All air system – All water system – Air water system – DX, chilled water, air washer, cooling coil, reheat and cooling with humidification systems – Comparison of DX and chilled water systems – Treated fresh air – Chilled water distribution to the coils – Reverse return systems – Chilled water for industrial processing – Humidification process – Air washer efficiency – Humidification plant for textile processing – Dehumidification by dessicants.

UNIT-IV AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS :- Duct arrangement systems – Perimeter system – Extended plenum system – Single duct and dual duct systems – Preferred air distribution systems for Auditoriums and theatre – Upward flow, downward flow and ejector air distribution systems – Ventilation Systems – Natural, mechanical and extraction systems – Supply air systems – Effect of vertical temperature gradient and corrective measures – Factors considered in air distribution systems – Throw, drop, induction ratio and spread – Types of supply air outlets – Fan coil units(FCU) and air handling units(AHU) – Constant air


volume(CAV) and variable air volume(VAV) systems – Clean rooms – classification – Air flow pattern in clean rooms – Air filtration – Air filters – Fitting and maintenance of filters

UNIT-V ENERGY UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION:- Standards and codes – Sources of energy – Principles of energy utilization – Measuring energy utilization in power producing equipment – Measuring energy conservation in cooling equipment ( COP, EER), heat pump, heating equipment, pumps and fans – Measuring energy use in existing building and new building HVAC systems. The degree day method – Other energy measuring methods – Heat recovery methods – Total energy systems – Energy conservation methods – Building construction, design criteria, system design, controls, installation, O&M – Computers and HVAC systems – Simple problems.

22003333 FFLL UUII DD MM EECCHH AA NNII CCSS && FFLL UUII DD PPOOWW EERR 6Hours / Week Total Hours – 84 Hours

UNIT I : PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS AND HYDROSTATIC FORCES

Introduction – definition of fluid – classification of fluids – ideal and real fluids – properties of a fluid – definition and units. Pressure – units of pressure – pressure head – atmospheric, gauge and absolute pressure – problems – Pascal’s law and its applications - pressure measurement – piezometer tube – simple U-tube manometer – differential U-tube manometer – problems – precautious in using manometers – mechanical gauges – Bourdon’s tube pressure gauge – diaphragm pressure gauge. Hydrostatic forces – definition – total pressure – centre of pressure – total pressure and centre of pressure on plane surface immersed – horizontally, vertically and inclined in a liquid – problems - pressure diagrams – problems.

UNIT II : FLOW OF FLUIDS AND FLOW THROUGH PIPES

Types of fluid flow – path line and stream line – mean velocity of flow – discharge of a flowing fluid – equation of continuity of fluid flow – energies of fluid – Bernoulli’s theorem – statement, assumptions and proof – applications and limitations of Bernoulli’s theorem –venturi meter – derivation for discharge – orifice meter – differences between venturi meter and orifice meter – problems.

Orifice – types – applications – hydraulic coefficients – determining hydraulics coefficients – discharge through orifice discharging freely – problems – mouth pieces – classifications – discharge through external cylindrical mouth piece – problems.

Flow through pipes – laws of fluid friction – hydraulic gradient line – total energy line – wetted perimeter – hydraulic mean radius – loss of head due to friction – Darcy-Weisbach equation and Chezy’s formula – problems - minor losses (description only) – power transmission through pipes – problems.

UNIT III : IMPACT OF JETS AND HYDRAULIC TURBINES

Impact of jet – on a stationary flat plate held normal to the jet and inclined to the direction of jet – on a flat plate moving in the direction of jet – on a series of moving plates or vanes – force exerted and work done by the jet– problems.


Hydraulics turbines – classifications – Pelton wheel – components and working – speed regulation – work done and efficiency of Pelton wheel – working proportions - problems – Francis and Kaplan turbines – components and working – draft tube – functions and types – surge tank – simple surge tank – differences between impulse and reaction turbines.

UNIT IV : CENTRIFUGAL AND RECIPROCATING PUMPS

Centrifugal pumps – classifications – working of single stage – components (with types if any) multi stage pumps – advantages – priming – priming chamber – head of a pump – manometric, mechanical, overall efficiencies – problems - cavitation – special pumps – deep well and jet pumps – trouble shooting in centrifugal pumps.

Reciprocating pumps – classifications – working of single acting and double acting reciprocating pumps – plunger and piston pumps – discharge of a reciprocating pump- theoretical power required – coefficient of discharge – slip – problems – negative slip – indicator diagram – separation – air vessels (functions and working). UNIT V : PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

Pneumatic systems – elements – filter – regulator – lubricator unit – pressure control valves – pressure relief valves – pressure regulation valves – directional control valves – 3/2 DCV, -4/2 DCV, -4/3 DCV, 5/2 DCV, 5/3 DCV- flow control valves – throttle, shuttle and quick exhaust values – ISO symbols of pneumatic components – pneumatic circuits – direct control of single acting cylinder – operation of double acting cylinder – operation of double acting cylinder with metering-in control / metering-out control –use of shuttle valve in pneumatic circuits – use of quick exhaust valve in pneumatic circuits – automatic operation of double acting cylinder – merits and demerits of pneumatic system – applications. Hydraulic system – elements – merits and demerits – service properties of hydraulic fluids – hydraulic accumulators – weighted or gravity, spring loaded, gas operated, bladder type accumulators – fluid power pumps – external and internal gear, vane and piston pumps – ISO symbols for hydraulic components – hydraulic circuits using sequence valve – counter balance valve – hydraulic circuit for – shaping machine, surface grinding or milling machine – hydraulic jack – hydraulic lift – hydraulic intensifiers – hydraulic press – pneumatic system Vs hydraulic system.

REFERNCE BOOKS :

1. Hydraulic Machines - Jagadishlal

2. Fluid Mechanic and Hydraulic Machines - R.K. Bansal

3. Hydraulics & Hydraulic Machines - R.S. Khurmi

4. Hydraulics Hand Book - R.H. Warring

5. A Text Book of Hydraulics - R.K. Rajput

6. Pneumatics & Hydraulics - Harry. L. Stewart

7. Introduction to Pneumatics - FESTO manual

8. Fundamentals of Pneumatic Control Engineering - FESTO manual


2034 MACHINE DRAWING-AUTOCAD LAB

6 Hours/Week Total Hours-84 Hrs

Introduction- History of AutoCAD-Application-Advantages over manual drafting- Hardware

requirements-Software requirements. Coordinate systems- World coordinate system- User coordinate system. Draw commands- Line, Arc, Circle, Ellipse, Donut, Polygon, Point, Pline, Sketch, Trace-

Creating 2D Objects. Modify commands-- copy- move- array- offset- scale- rotate- mirror- break- trim- extend-

explode. Object selection methods- erasing object- oops- canceling and undoing command. Text commands-Creating Text- dtext, mtext, text style- Mline- spline, Drawing with precision-

Osnap options –drafting setting- Limits- Units- drawing aids- Fill- Snap, Grid, Ortho lines- Function keys.

Divide- measure- stretch- lengthen- changing properties- color- line types- Lt Scale-Matching properties- editing with grips- Pedit- ddedit- mledit.

Controlling the drawing display- blip mode- view group commands-zoom redraw, regen, regen auto, pan, viewers-real time zoom.

Inquiry groups-calculating area-distance-time-status of drawing-using calculator-creation of blocks-Wblock-inserting a block-block attributes-Hatching-pattern types boundary hatch.

Working with layers-Creation, Customization, Isolation, and Coordination. Basic dimensioning commands-editing dimensions-dimension styles-dimensioning system

variables. File management-save-Qsave-save As-open-Quit. File commands-File import and export-

plotting drawing-external references. Isometric Drawing-Isometric projection-Drawing Iso Circles-Dimensioning Isometric object-

Simple exercise. HVAC M/C drawing with AutoCAD-Detailed drawing, Assembly drawing in HVAC M/c.

Drawing Exercise practice (HVAC Drawings):

1. Vapour compression refrigeration system

2. Thermostatic expansion valve

3. Evaporative condenser 4. Flooded evaporator 5. Winter air conditioning system 6. Summer air conditioning system 7. Central air conditioning system 8. Forced draft and induced draft cooling towers


9. Simple duct drawings and piping drawings.

SL.NO Topics Hrs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Introduction Draw group commands, Osnap options, Drafting Command practice Edit and modify group commands, PLedid, Text edit Command practice View Groups, Inquiry, Block commands Command practice Hatching, Layer, Color and Line types Command practice Creating Isometric drawing Isometric Drawing practice File commands, Plotting, External reference Drawing exercise practice( HVAC M/C Drawings)

3 6 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 39

Examination Scheme Marks Objective type questions 10 (10 Fill in the blanks) Isometric drawing creation 15 (Drawing 10, Dimension 5) Simple 2D Drawing 10 HVAC M/C Drawings 35 (Drawing 25, Dimensions 10) Viva Voce 5 Record 25 Total marks 100

2035 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND FLUID MECHANICS L AB 6 Hours/Week Total Hours : 84 Hrs MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LAB 1. Test on Ductile Materials :

Finding Young’s modulus of elasticity, yield points, percentage elongation and percentage reduction in area, stress-strain diagram plotting, tests on mild steel and cast iron.

2. Hardness Test: Determination of Rock well’s hardness number for various materials like mild steel, high carbon steel, brass, copper and aluminium

3. Torsion Test: Torsion test on mild steel – relation between torque and angle of twist-determination of shear modulus-determination of elastic constants for mild steel.

4. Bending and deflection tests: Determination of Young’s modulus for steel by deflection test.

5. Impact test:


Finding the resistance of materials to impact loads by Izod test or Charpy test. 6. Tests on springs of circular section:

Determination of modulus of rigidity, strain energy, shear stress by load deflection method – Compression and tension test (Closed coil spring only)

7. Shear Test: Shear test on M.S. bar

FLUID MECHANICS LAB Study of Hydraulics & Pneumatic System Practical 1. Pneumatic System:

Study of pneumatic system and its elements – FRL unit pressure Relief valve – Directional control valves – flow control valve.

2. Hydraulic system: Study of basic hydraulic system and its elements – filter, pressure relief valve, DCV and FCV – Hydraulic system Vs pneumatic system Hydraulic oil and its properties.

3. Resources required: • Pneumatic trainer kit with air compressor • Hydraulic trainer kit with hydraulic power pack

Experiments ( Fluid Mechanics Lab ):- 1. Bernoulli’s theorem (Verifying the Bernoulli’s theorem) 2. Venturi Meter / Orifice meter (Determine the coefficient of meter) 3. Pipe friction (Determine the friction factor) 4. Performance test on reciprocating pump (Characteristic curves) 5. Performance test on centrifugal pump (Characteristic curves) 6. Performance test on impulse turbine 7. Performance test on reaction turbine 8. Small orifice/External mouth piece

(Determine the coefficient of discharge) i. By constant head method

ii. By variable head method

2036 WORKSHOP – I FOUNDRY, WELDING & SMITHY

6 Hours / Week Total Hours: 84 Hrs

FOUNDRY

Objectives:

At the end of the course the student will be able to

� Identify the tools and equipments � use proper tools and equipments � prepare the sand for moulding � prepare sand moulds � melt metals in crucible furnaces � make castings � prepare cores


Syllabus:

1. Introduction to study of tools and equipments. 2. Types of patterns 3. Types of sand 4. Preparation of sand moulds 5. Furnaces, crucible furnace, melting of non-ferrous metal 6. Making of castings by sand moulds 7. Core sands, preparation of cores.

Exercises: Preparation of sand mould:

1. Solid pattern a. Stepped pulley b. Bearing top c. Gear wheel

2. Split pattern a. Pipe bend b. Thumbles

3. Study of Core making a. Cylindrical core

4. Melting and casting - (Not for Examination, only for Class exercises) Melting non ferrous metal and making sand casting using any one of the pattern in any one of the following furnace. a. Oil fired crucible furnace b. Pit furnace

WELDING Objectives: At the end of the course the student will be able to:

� acquire knowledge about welding transformer, generator and select proper electrode and welding current.

� adjust oxyacetylene flame � prepare different types of edges � form uniform beeding � identify different welding defects

Syllabus: 1. Introduction to safety in welding shop 2. Introduction to hand tools and equipments 3. Arc and gas welding equipments 4. Types of joints 5. Defects in welded joints

Exercises: 1. Arc welding

a. Lap joint (Material : 25mm x 3mm Ms Flat) b. Butt joint (Material : 25mm x 6mm Ms Flat) c. T- joint (Material : 25mm x 3mm Ms Flat) d. Corner joint (Material : 25mm x 3mm Ms Flat)


2. Gas welding a. Lap joint (Material : 25mm x 3mm Ms Flat) b. Butt joint (Material : 25mm x 6mm Ms Flat) c. Gas cutting : Profile cutting

3. Soldering and Brazing (Demonstration only)

SMITHY

Objectives: At the end of the course the student will be able to:

� identify the tools and equipments used in smithy � use proper tools and equipments � operate smith furnace � identify the various operation in smithy � make components in smithy

Syllabus:

1. Introduction to safety in smithy shop 2. Introduction of hand tools and equipments 3. Details of operations done in smithy 4. Identify the defect in smith forged components

Exercises:

1. Round rod to hexagonal rod 2. Round rod to square rod 3. Round rod to square headed bolt 4. Round rod to hexagonal headed bolt 5. Round rod to flat with width 25mm Material: Dia 16mm x 100mm Length

Examination scheme:

Topic Marks Duration Foundry 35 1 ½ Hours Any one by lot Welding / Smithy

35 1 ½ Hours

Viva Voce 5 Record 25

Total 100 3 Hours

Minimum Marks for Pass: 50%


V SEMESTER

2061 - INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 6 Hours / Week Total Hours : 84 Hrs

UNIT – I : PLANT ENGINEERING AND PLANT SAFETY

PLANT ENGINEERING : Plant location – selection of site for industry – plant layout – objectives of scientific layout – types - process, product and fixed position layout – techniques used to improve layout – principles of material handling equipments – plant maintenance - importance– break down maintenance, preventive maintenance and scheduled maintenance. PLANT SAFETY :

Importance – accident – cost and causes of accident – accident proneness – planning for accident prevention – safety laws and regulations – Indian factories act 1948 governing safety, health and welfare of workers – industrial disputes – collective bargaining – joint consultation- arbitration.

UNIT – II : WORK STUDY, METHOD STUDY AND WORK MEASUREMENT

WORK STUDY : Productivity- Standard of living – method of improving productivity – objectives –

importance of good working conditions. METHOD STUDY :

Definition – objectives – selection of job for method study – basic procedure for conduct of method study – tools used in method study – operation process chart, flow process chart, two handed process chart, man machine chart, string diagram and flow diagram. WORK MEASUREMENT :

Definition – basic procedure in making a time study – employees rating factor – application of time allowances – rest, personal, process, special and policy allowances – calculation of standard time – problems – basic concept of production study, ratio delay study – analytical estimating – synthesis from standard data and predetermined motion time standards.

UNIT III : PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL AND QUALITY CONTROL PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL:

Introduction – major functions of production planning and control – importance of PPC as nerve centre – preplanning – methods of forecasting – past experience estimate, sales force estimate, market research, trend line and correlative methods - routing and scheduling - dispatching and controlling – types of production - characteristics – principles of product planning and process planning – make or buy decision – problems. QUALITY CONTROL :

Definition – objectives – types of inspection – first piece inspection, floor inspection and centralized inspection – advantages and disadvantages of each type – difference between inspection and quality control. Introduction to statistical quality control – type of measurements – method of variables – method of attributes – uses of X, R, “p” and “c” charts – O.C. curve – sampling inspection – single and double sampling plan – Introduction to ISO 9000.


UNIT IV : PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT: Definition of management – administration – organization – theories of management –

F.W. Taylor’s and Henry Fayol‘s principles – functions of manager – planning – organizing – types of organization – line, staff, Taylor’s pure functional types – line and staff and committee type – directing – leadership – types of leadership – qualities of a good leader - communication – formal and informal communication – motivation – positive and negative motivation - controlling - Just In Time - Total Quality Management - Quality Circle and Zero Defect concept - Management Information Systems. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT :

Responsibility of human resource management – policies and functions – selection procedure – training of workers – apprentice training, on the job training and vestibule school training - job evaluation and merit rating – objectives and importance - wages and salary administration – components of wages – wage fixation – types of wage payment – time rate systems – Halsey’s 50% plan, Rowan’s system and Emerson’s efficiency plan – problems.

UNIT – V : FINANCIAL MANAGEMNT AND MATERIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT :

Fixed and working capital – resources of capital – shares – types – preference and equity shares – debentures – types of debentures – public deposits, factory costing – direct cost – indirect cost – factory over head – fixation of selling price of a product – profit –problems- depreciation – causes – methods – straight line, sinking fund and percentage on diminishing value method - problems MATERIAL MANAGEMENT:

Objectives of a good stock control system – ABC analysis of inventory – procurement and consumption cycle – safety stock - re-order level – lead time – Economic order quantity – problems – purchasing procedure – store keeping – Bin card.

REFERENCES :

1. Industrial Engineering And Management - O.P. Khanna.

2. Engineering Economics And Management - T.R. Banga & S.C. Sharma.

ELECTIVE THEORY – I

2453 - 2481– REFRIGERATION & AIR-CONDITIONING ESTIM ATION AND DESIGN

6 Hours / Week Total Hours : 84 UNIT I - CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER Introduction to heat transfer – Modes of heat transfer – Fourier’s Law of conduction - Conduction through composite slab – Conduction through composite pipe – conduction through a hollow sphere - Simple problems.

Heat transfer by convection - Reynold number – Prandtl number – Nusselt number – Mc Adam’s co-relation – Heat transfer by combined conduction and convection - Simple problems to find the heat transfer by combined conduction and convection in composite slabs and pipes – Application of fins


UNIT II – RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER AND HEAT EXCHANGERS

Radiation – Reflection, Absorption & transmittance of Radiation – Emissivity – Black body concept - Stefan Boltzman law – Grey body concept – No problem – No derivation Introduction – Log mean temperature difference LMTD – heat transfer in parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow heat exchangers – Overall heat transfer coefficient – Simple problems on Heat exchangers – Advantages and disadvantages - Temperature distribution in condenser & evaporator. UNIT III – HEAT LOAD ESTIMATION Air-conditioning heat load estimation – SHF, RSHF and ESHF – Apparatus Dew Point – Outside and Inside design conditions – Comfort air-conditioning and Effective temperature – Heat load estimation form – ERSH by Solar heat gain through glass, walls and roof, heat gain through infiltration, by passed fresh air and Internal heat gain – safety factor - ERLH by infiltration, by passed outside air, occupants, steam, appliance, vapour transmission and supply duct leakage – ERTH – Outside air heat – Return duct heat gain – GTH – Diversity of cooling loads – Determination of air quantity – Simple problems. Refrigeration heat load estimation – Cold storage and low temperature applications – Product load and heat of respiration – Load due to air changes - !00% fresh air applications – Heat load estimation for humidification plant – No problems UNIT IV – EQUIPMENT SELECTION

Selection of cooling coil - Rating charts – DX Chiller selection – Flooded chiller selection – Compressor selection – Condenser selection – Water cooled condenser selection – Evaporative condenser selection – Air cooled condenser selection – Selection of Thermostatic expansion valve – Determination of P.D across a TEV – Sizing of refrigerant pipes – System balance – No problems.

UNIT V – DESIGN OF DUCTS Classification of ducts – Duct construction – Duct materials – Duct shape – Continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation for ducts – Pressure losses due to friction in ducts – D’Archy’s fanning equation - Friction factor – Equivalent diameter of a circular duct for a rectangular duct – Friction chart – Roughness factor – Moody’s chart – Dynamic losses in ducts – losses due to enlargement, contraction, obstruction, , suction, discharge – Pressure losses in bends, elbows etc. – Heat gain or losses in ducts - Aspect ratio – Radius ratio - Guide vanes – Branch duct take off

Methods of duct design – Equal friction, static regain and velocity reduction methods – Simple problems - Duct fabrication – Duct insulation – SMACNA, HVCA DW142 and HVCA DW144 Duct construction standards.

ELECTIVE PRACTICAL – I

2455 - 2486 – R&A/C ESTIMATION AND DESIGN LAB 6 Hours / Week Total Hours : 84

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Heat load calculation for different building layouts

2. Duct design by velocity reduction method

3. Duct design by equal friction method

4. Duct design by static regain method

5. Design and selection of compressor and condenser


6. Design and selection of capillary tube and evaporator

7. Study of different types of sheet metal duct joints

8. Determination of capacity of water-cooled condenser in water-side and refrigerant side

9. Determination of capacity of air-cooled condenser in a window A/C

10. Determination of efficiency of cooling tower

11. Test on heat exchanger – parallel flow and counter flow

12. Determination of capacity and efficiency of air-cooled condenser in a split type A/C

13. Determination of heat flux for a composite wall

14. Fabrication of Reducer type duct component

15. Determination of total pressure in a duct system

ELECTIVE THEORY – I

2453 - 2482 - CRYOGENICS ENGINEERING


UNIT I : Cryogenic Systems

Introduction to Refrigeration and Air conditioning systems. Cryogenics systems – Gas

liquification systems. Simple Linde – Hampson systems – Claude system – System for neon, hydrogen

and helium liquification systems.

UNIT II : Cryogenics Refrigeration Systems

Cryogenics refrigeration systems – Claude refrigerator, Philips refrigerator – Solvay

refrigerator –

Gifford – Magnetic cooling system – Magnetic refrigeration systems.

UNIT III : Separation and Purification Systems

Separation and Purification systems – Air separator systems – Linde double column systems

Argon, Neon, Hydrogen and Helium separation systems.

UNIT IV : Measurement Systems

Measurement systems for Temperature, Pressure, Liquid level measurement.

UNIT V : Applications of Cryogenics

Applications of cryogenics – Rocket propulsion – Separation of Rubber from old tyres. Medical

applications – Increasing the tool life application.


Reference Book :

1. Barrans. A Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications

2. A text book for a Refrigeration & Air Conditioning – Domkundwar & Arrora Danpat Rai &

Sons.

ELECTIVE PRACTICAL – I

2455 - 2487 – CRYOGENICS ENGINEERING LAB 6 Hours / Week Total Hours : 84

1. Gas Liquification study

2. Liquification of Neon

3. Liquification of Hydrogen

4. Liquification of Helium

5. Magnetic cooling systems

6. By using linde double columns system separation of

a. Argon

b. Neon

c. Hydrogen

7. Increase the tool life by cryogenics

8. Measurement of cryogenic Temperature

9. Measurement of cryogenic Pressure

10. Measurement of Liquid level (cryogenic)

2456 - PLUMBING HYDRAULICS–MECHANICAL SERVICES

6 Hours / Week Total Hours : 84 UNIT I - PIPING FUNDAMENTALS:- Piping size classification and rating – General definitions – Forces, moments and equilibrium – Work, power and energy – Length, area, surface and volumes – Acronyms and abbreviations – Simple exercises. UNIT II - FABRICATION AND INSTALLATION OF PIPING:- Fabrication practices – Cutting, leveling, forming and bending – bending methods – welded joint design – heat treatment methods – Verification activities like inspection, examination, testing, quality assurance and quality control – Installation – Drawings – Erection planning – Cold spring – Joint alignment – Leak testing.


UNIT III - DESIGN BASIS:- Definitions – Use of codes and standards – Loading conditions – Design pressure – Design temperature – Dead weight – Wind load – Snow and ice loads – Seismic(earth quake) loads – Hydraulic transient loads – Acoustically induced vibration loads – Relative anchor movements – Environmental factors – Materials related consideration – Thermal insulation – Sizing a piping system – Simple exercises. UNIT IV - WATER SYSTEMS PIPING:- Introduction – Types of water piping systems – Network analysis of distribution systems – Parallel and series piping – Hydraulic and energy grade lines – Design considerations – Design features – Drawing the water line – Controlling water hammer – Bleed off of air and breaking vacuum – Preventing backflow – Surge control – Pipeline alignment – Corrosion and erosion effects – Startup, operation and maintenance – No problems. UNIT V - BUILDING SERVICES PIPING:- Construction codes – Basic systems – Steam, condenser water, chilled water, hot water, and compressed air systems - Pipe design – Pressure, Temperature, Allowable stress, Pipe wall thickness etc., - Pipe branch design – Pipe materials – Fittings and joints – Hangers and supports – Testing – No problems. Reference Book :- 1. PIPING HAND BOOK, 7TH EDITION, By Mohinder L Nayyar , McGraw Hill Publishers.

2054 HVAC & PLUMBING DRAWING - AutoCAD LAB 6 Hours/Week Total Hours- 84 Hrs Introduction of HVAC&PLUMBING-Valve symbols-Valve Actuators-Remotely controlled valve-Level control valve-Control valve with positioners-Control valve designations. Piping symbols-More piping symbols-Detector and sensing device symbols-Transmitter and instruments-Indicators and recorders-Controllers-Signal conditioners-Symbols for major components-Valve status symbols. Fluid power symbols-Fluid power pump and compressor symbols-Fluid power reservoir symbols-Symbols for linear Actuators-Symbols for rotary Actuators-Fluid power line symbols. Fluid power valve symbols-Valve symbols development-Duct symbols-Equipment symbols. Design centre-X ref-Layers-Block attributes-Display order-Q select-Express tools. Drawing Ex Practice (HVAC&PLUMBING Drawings): 1. Drawings of all symbols and legends 2. Apartment buildings

• Water supply layout • Drainage layout • HVAC layout • Chilled water layout • Fire Fighting layout


3. Commercial building

• Water supply layout • Drainage layout • HVAC layout • Chilled water layout • Fire Fighting layout

Examination Scheme Marks HVAC&PLUMBING Symbols 30 HVAC&PLUMBING drawings 40 (Drawing 30, Dimensions 10) Viva Voce 5 Record 25 Total marks 100

Sl.no Topics Hrs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9.

10 11. 12. 13. 14.

Introduction Valve symbols Symbols practice Piping Symbols Symbols practice Fluid power symbols Symbols practice Fluid power valve symbols Symbols practice Duct symbols and equipment symbols Symbols practice design centre, X ref commands Command practice Drawing Ex. Practice(HVAC&PLUMBING Drawing)

3 4 3 6 3 6 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 34


2454 - REFRIGERATION LAB

6 Hours/Week Total Hours- 84 Hrs

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Study of refrigeration tools and instruments

2. To find the percentage running time of refrigerator with different setting of thermostat

3. To determine the refrigerating effect and cop of open type systems with thermostatic expansion

valve

4. To determine the theoretical cop of sealed system by using suction and discharge pressure

5. To determine the theoretical cop of sealed system by using suction and discharge temperature

6. To determine the cop and capacity of refrigeration plant

7. To find C.S.R terminals of a sealed compressor

8. Wiring diagram of refrigerator, water cooler, bottle cooler and deep freezer

9. Installation of gauge manifold in a open type system

10. Practice to transfer refrigerant from storage cylinder to service cylinder

11. Practice to pump down the system

12. Practice to evacuate the system

13. Practice to detect leaks in domestic refrigeration appliances

14. Practice to charge refrigerant to domestic refrigeration appliances

15. Tracing common faults in a refrigerator

16. Installing and servicing of refrigerator

17. Determination of the capacity of the cooling coil

WORKSHOP:

1. Study of various tools that are used for copper tubing operation

2. Flaring operation on copper tube

3. Pinching operation on copper tube

4. Swaging operation on copper tube

5. U bending operation on copper tube

6. Welding, brazing and soldering operation on copper tube

OUTDOOR TRIP:

1. Dairy industry

2. Chemical industry

3. Cold storage plant


VI SEMESTER

2067 – QUANTITY SURVEY APPLICATIONS 6 Hours/Week Total Hours- 84 Hrs

UNIT I :

INTRODUCTION - Estimation – definition of estimate – approximate estimate – detailed

estimate – revised estimate – supplementary estimate – sub estimate – annual maintenance estimate –

repair estimate – complete estimate.

STAGES OF DEAILED ESTIMATE – Taking of quantities – systems – trade system – group

system – advantages of group system – preparation of data – abstract estimate – lump sum provision

and contingencies – quantity surveyor – duties – essential requirements

UNIT II:

Units of measurements of works and materials – Degree of accuracy in measurements – out

turn of work for each labour – working out of material requirements – simple problems on material

calculation for duct work

GROUP SYSTEM – Theory – taking off and recording dimensions – abstracting or working up

– billing – abbreviations

UNIT III:

PROCESS OF WRITING – Dimension paper, time sing, dimension and squaring – descriptive

column – cancellation of dimensions – descriptions – spacing of dimensions – order of taking off –

squaring the dimensions – method of squaring – checking the squaring – casting up the dimensions

ABSTRACT ESTIMATE AND BILLING – Function of the abstract – order in the abstract –

preparing the abstract – casting and reducing the abstract – method of writing bill – checking the bill –

taking off quantities for varieties of ac units using group systems

UNIT IV:

Data – theory – main and sub data – observed data – lead statement – schedule of notes –

standard data book – sundries – lump sum provision – preparation of data using standard data and

schedule of notes

Specification – definition – types of specifications – essential requirements of specifications –

specifications of various construction works – steps involved in standard specifications – report writing

– definition – points to be considered while writing a report

UNIT V:


Contract – advise on form of contract – preparation of tender documents – advise on obtaining

tenders – examination of tenders – valuation of work in progress – cost control – final account

COSTS – Labour cost – direct cost – on cost – material cost – plant costs – assemble

preliminaries cost

ESTIMATION OF MATERIALS AND COSTS FOR – AC units installation in residential &

commercial buildings, multi-storied buildings, humidification plants in textile mills etc.

Reference books:

1. Quantity surveying by P.L.Bhasir & Co.

2. Quantity surveying and valuation by N.A.Shaw, Kanna Publishers

3. I.S.Code of practice - I.S.1200

4. Quantity survey applications – Dubai Institute of Business Management

ELECTIVE THEORY – II

2463 - 2472 – REFRIGERATION & AIR–CONDITIONING APPL ICATIONS

6 Hours / Week Total Hours : 84 UNIT I – COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Refrigerator – reach in refrigerator – walk in coolers – mortuary refrigerator – display cases – Beverage coolers – ice candy plant – ice cream cabinet – milk coolers – construction and working. UNIT II – FOOD PRESERVATION Introduction – factors contributing to food spoilage - causes of food spoilage – freezing – slow freezing – quick freezing – freezing by immersion – freezing by indirect method – air blast freezing – Direct contact freezing – Types of freezers – Contractors plate freezer – inline freezer – blast freezer – Vacuum cooling for tools. UNIT III – REFRIGERATION IN FOOD DISTRIBUTION

(A) PRE-COOLING - Methods of pre-cooling and stacking patterns (B) TRUCKS AND TRAILERS - Types of trucks and trailers – body design and construction – Auxiliary equipment- refrigeration system (C) RAILWAY REFRIGERATOR CARS - Types of cars – body construction – refrigeration system – controls and auxiliary equipment. (D) MARINE REFRIGERATION - Refrigeration system – construction of body – distribution of refrigeration (E) AIR TRANSPORT - Ground handling and transit refrigeration.


UNIT IV – COMFORT AIR – CONDITIONING

A) RESIDENTIAL AIR CONDITIONING - Types of equipment – types of system – year round air conditioners – locations of equipment – sound control – air distribution methods.

B) PUBLIC BUILDING AIR CONDITIONING - General and special design factors – zoning

requirements – solar heat gain – internal loads – Ventilation requirements – cooling load requirements – system details (any two)

C) TRANSPORTATION AIR CONDITIONING - Auto mobiles – general design requirement – capacity requirement – air distribution – temperature and humidity control – compressor, condenser and evaporator control.

D) MARINE AIR CONDITIONING - General design requirement – Temperature - ventilation - requirement – load determination – equipment selection – typical systems – single and multi zones (any two) Air distribution methods – controls E) AIR CRAFT AIR CONDITIONING - Design conditions – vapour cycle system – temperature control - cabin pressurization control cargo - compartment – supersonic transport. UNIT V – INDUSTRIAL AIR CONDITIONING

A) PROCESS AND PRODUCT AIR CONDITIONING - General requirements for manufacture – processing and preservation – classification of problems – control of regain – rate of chemical reaction – rate of bio chemical reaction – rate of crystallization – temperature control for close machining tolerances - dew point control – humidity control – control of conditions.

B) HOSPITAL AIR CONDITIONING - Infection, air quality and cleaning system – design criteria for major service areas – surgical departments – intense care departments – blood bank

C) TEXTILE PROCESS AIR CONDITIONING - Manufacturing process – factors determining optimum conditions – man machine and materials air conditioning systems – Atomizer - air charger - Air washer and duct systems – application in machine shops - gauge room computer room.

ELECTIVE PRACTICAL – II

2465 - 2477 – REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING APPL ICATION LAB

6 Hours / Week Total Hours : 84 Hrs 1. Study of different types of refrigeration appliances.

2. Study of unitary air-conditioning appliances

3. Test the capacity and efficiency of Household refrigerator

4. Test the capacity and efficiency of Reach-in refrigerator

5. Test the capacity and efficiency of Walk-in cooler

6. Test the capacity and efficiency of Bottle cooler

7. Test the capacity and efficiency of freezers

8. Test the capacity and efficiency of refrigerated display cases

9. Test the capacity and efficiency of automobile air-conditioners


10. Test the capacity and efficiency of ductable split air-conditioner

11. Test the capacity and efficiency of cassette type split air-conditioner

12. To prepare refrigeration load calculation for storing

� Meat products

� Milk products

� Fruits and vegetables

� Poultry products

� Fish products etc.

13. Study of

� Refrigerated trucks and trailers

� Railway refrigerated cars

� Marine refrigeration

� Air-cargo refrigeration

14. Visits and industrial training in

� Hospital air-conditioning

� Textile process air-conditioning

� Commercial building air-conditioning

� Process and product air-conditioning

ELECTIVE THEORY – II

2463 - 2473 – FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION

6 Hours / Week Total Hours : 84 UNIT I:

CONSTITUENTS OF FOODS – Carbohydrates – proteins – fats natural emulsifiers – organic acids – oxidants and antioxidants – enzymes – pigments and colours – flavours – vitamins and minerals – natural toxicants – water – properties and significance of all the above constituents

OPERATIONS IN A FOOD INDUSTRY – Materials handling – cleaning - separating - disintegrating – pumping – mixing – heating – cooling – evaporating – drying – forming – controlling – packaging – energy considerations – standards – testing and measurement – quality control

UNIT II:

FOOD SPOILAGE FACTORS AND THEIR CONTROL – Introduction – causes of food spoilage – bacteria, yeasts and molds – natural food enzymes – heat and cold – moisture and dryness – air and oxygen – light – time – control of spoilage – various methods of preservation – heating, cooling, freezing, dehydrating, irradiating, smoking, adding chemicals etc.

FOOD DEHYDRATION AND CONCENTRATION – Reasons for drying – factors affecting dehydration like surface area, temperature, air velocity, dryness of air, atmospheric pressure,


evaporation etc. – drying curve – physical and chemical changes – drying methods – various types of driers – construction and working principle of driers – food concentration – methods of concentration – construction and working principle of concentrators

UNIT III:

HEAT PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION – Sterilization – pasteurization – blanching – heat resistant of micro organisms – thermal death curves – margin of safety – problems in heat transfer – cold point and access time – temperature and time combinations – heating food in containers – still retort – agitating – pressure considerations – hydrostatic cooker and cooler – direct flame sterilization – in-package pasteurization – heating food before packing – batch and HTST pasteurization – asceptive canning - hot pack and hot fill – flash18 process – microwave heating

COLD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION – Refrigeration and freezing – refrigerated storage control of temperature, air circulation and humidity – storage requirements of perishable foods – gas atmospheres – food variability – freezing and frozen storage – characteristics of food being frozen – progressive freezing – concentration effects – ice crystal damage – choice of final temperature – damage from intermittent thawing – refrigeration load calculations – methods of freezing – air blast freezing – IQF – direct and indirect freezing – immersion freezing – freezing with cryogenic liquids UNIT IV:

PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION OF MEAT, POULTRY, POULTRY AND SEA FOODS – Meat products – grading – slaughtering practices – ageing, artificial tenderizing, smoking, cooking and curing of meat – meat colour changes – sausages and table ready meats – freezing of meat – poultry products – processing plant operations – tenderness and flavour - eggs – composition and spoilage factors – sea foods – shipboard and processing plant operations – freezing and other methods of preservation – canning of fish – fish meal and fish flour – mercury and other problems PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION OF MILK PRODUCTS, BEVERAGES, VEGETABLES AND FRUITS – Milk composition and grading – production practices – milk processing operations – types of milk – ice cream – composition and manufacturing procedure – cheese - types – cheddar cheese manufacture – beverages – classification and ingredients – manufacture of carbonated nonalcoholic beverages – beer manufacture – wine manufacture – fermentation and other operations – coffee and tea processing and production practices – vegetables – properties and composition – post harvest practices – storage requirements of vegetables and fruits

UNIT V:

FOOD PACKAGING – Containers – functions and requirements – classification – packaging materials – properties and applications – primary, secondary and hermetic closure types of containers – metals, glass, papers, plastics and films, laminates and edible films – special features packages – boil in bag, fiber board or foil fiber board can, plastic shrink package, aerosol container etc. – other important considerations


REFRIGERATED TRANSPORT AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION – Pre-cooling of foods – methods of pre-cooling – refrigerated trucks and trailers – rail road refrigerated cars – marine transport – air transport – body design and constructional details – methods of refrigeration – ice bunker refrigeration, mechanical refrigeration with conventional Freon refrigerants, liquid nitrogen refrigeration and other methods – refrigeration system details – controls and accessories – advantages and applications – transporting food with refrigerated containers Reference books:

1. Applications volume of the latest ASHRAE HAND BOOK 2. Food science by Normen N Potter, CBS Publishers 3. Food microbiology By William C Frazier and Dennis C Westhoff, McGraw Hill Publishers 4. Food Science by Sumathi R Mudambi and Shalini M Rao, Wiley Eastern Publisher

ELECTIVE PRACTICAL – II

2465 - 2478 – FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LAB


1. Study of the general operations in food processing industry

2. Study of food spoilage factors

3. Study of different methods of food preservation.

4. Study of unitary food storage appliances

5. Test the capacity and efficiency of Household refrigerator

6. Test the capacity and efficiency of Reach-in refrigerator

7. Test the capacity and efficiency of Walk-in cooler

8. Test the capacity and efficiency of Bottle cooler

9. Test the capacity and efficiency of freezers

10. Test the capacity and efficiency of refrigerated display cases

11. Test the capacity and efficiency of combination coolers

12. Test the capacity of efficiency of different types cold storages

13. To prepare refrigeration load calculation for preserving

� Meat products

� Milk products

� Fruits and vegetables

� Poultry products

� Fish products etc.

14. Study of

� Refrigerated trucks and trailers


� Railway refrigerated cars

� Marine refrigeration

� Air-cargo refrigeration

15. Visits and industrial training in

• Cold storages

• Food processing industries

2068 - BUILDING SERVICES AND EQUIPMENT


UNIT I :- COLD AND HOT WATER SUPPLY

Water supply – Cold water system – Water supplies where the mains pressure is insufficient - Taps and valves – Pipe materials – Hot water systems – Electric water heating – Gas water heaters

Pipe sizing - Design principles – Effective length of the pipe - Determining pipe diameter – Pipe sizing for multi-storied Building – Pipe sizing for Hot water systems – Relative discharging power of pipes – Thomas Box formula – simple problems.

UNIT II :- FIRE FIGHTING

Fire Fighting Equipment - Sprinkler systems – Classification of fire risks – Dry and wet risers – Hose reel installation

Portable fire extinguishers – fixed extinguisher installation – Automatic fire detectors and Alarms – Fire dampers - Pressurization of escape routes – Automatic fire ventilation – control of smoke in covered shopping centers - NFPA standards

UNIT III :- BURGLAR ALARMS, LIFTS, ESCALATORS AND SERVICE DUCTS.

Burglar Alarms – principles – Elements of installation – Detection Devices. Lifts – Electronic lifts – Details of lifts – Peternosters – Oil-Hydraulic lifts – Builders work – Escalators – Travelators (moving pavements )

Service ducts – planning – fire risk - The common trench

UNIT IV :- DRAINAGE Principles of Drainage below ground – Means of access – Sewage pumping – Centrifugal

pumps – Drainage pipe materials – Drain laying - Use of soak ways – Garage drainage – Drain Testing and Inspection – Sub soil drainage – Grease traps.

Principles of Drainage above ground (soil and waste system ) – Loss of water seal in traps – Two or dual pipe system – One pipe system – Single stack system - Resealing and anti-siphon traps – Modified one pipe system – Materials used.

UNIT V :- SANITARY APPLIANCES – REFUSE DISPOSAL AND VENTILATION.

Types of sanitary appliances – Soil fittings – Flushing cisterns and valves – Waste appliances – Sanitary convenience

Refuse disposal – Storage – Refuse chutes – Garchey system – Sink Grinders – Pneumatic transport of refuse.

Ventilation – Air filters – Systems of ventilation.


Reference Books :-

1) Building services and Equipment Vol I & Vol II by F.HALL, Publisher - Pearson Longman 2) Plumbing Engineering services Design Guide, Publisher- The Institute of Plumbing, Essex,

U.K 3) Plumbing – Mechanical services By G.J. Blower, Publisher-Pearson-prentice hall

2456 - AIR-CONDITIONING LAB


1. Study of window air-conditioner

2. Study of cooling tower

3. Study of operating procedure of central air-conditioning plant

4. Study of packaged air-conditioner

5. Tracing common faults and remedies of window air-conditioners and split air-conditioners

6. Determination of COP of window air-conditioner

7. Determination of COP of split type air-conditioner

8. Wiring diagrams of different types of window air-conditioners

9. Wiring diagrams of different types of split air-conditioners

10. Finding CSR terminals of hermetically sealed compressors

11. Finding the COP and capacity of central air-conditioning plant

12. Charging refrigerant to split air-conditioners

13. Charging refrigerant to window air-conditioners

14. Dismantling and assembling of split air-conditioners

15. De-scaling of water-cooled condensers

16. Service and maintenance procedures of central type Air-conditioning plants

2066 - Project Work, Entrepreneurship and Personal Skills


1) Project work – including report: 60 Marks


*2) Entrepreneurship: 10 Marks Qualities of an entrepreneur Expectations of entrepreneurship Importance of SSI Assistances offered to SSI Feasibility study Services of finance for SSI

*3) Letter writing : 5 Marks

The students will be given a letter writing exercise on the day of the exam. He will be given a problem about which he has to write a letter to a firm or organization - valuation will be done on the day of exam.

*4) Case study: 5 Marks

The student is to be given case studies in IR, Manufacturing, supervision etc and should be asked some questions. They have to answer these questions.

5) Public speaking – Communication skill: 5 Marks

Each student will be given a topic on general nature and asked to speak an subject for 5 mts, in front of the rest of the students. Internal and External examiner will assess each student.

6) Group discussion: 5 Marks

A group of 6 students selected by lots will be given a specific topic for group discussion. The examiners will evaluate each student by 1) participation 2) respecting others view 3) accepting ones own mistake 4) reaction 5) team spirit etc.

7) Interview : 10 Marks

The student will be asked to present himself in formal dress for attending interview. He will have to answer the question in English only. The topic for the interview may be the project or any other relevant subject.

*N.B: For the topics (2,3 & 4) question paper has to be set by the examiners. Students will have to give answers in writing during examination.

r&ac syllabus revised jun2007

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