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Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp Military Hospital, Brussels P. Soentjens

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Page 1: Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE · PDF fileRabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE ... Eptesicus serotinus ... Prevention of Human Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis of treatment

Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE

Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp

Military Hospital, Brussels

P. Soentjens

Page 2: Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE · PDF fileRabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE ... Eptesicus serotinus ... Prevention of Human Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis of treatment

Background

Animal rabies (ISP/WIV)

PEP in human rabies (BE) procedure

PEP Rabies in ITM since july 2017

Conclusion

Introduction

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Distribution

Background

WHO

Page 4: Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE · PDF fileRabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE ... Eptesicus serotinus ... Prevention of Human Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis of treatment

Background

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Rabies risk in travellers: ‘Steffen tree’

Background

Steffen: J Travel Med 2015.

Start PEP

immediately

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Rabies in Belgium

Background

1900: Rabies centre Pasteur Institute of Brabant

1922: Last local case human1930: Elimination urban (canine) rabies

1966-1999: Epidemic foxes (33 years)

1989-2003: Vaccination campaigns foxes

1990: Last import case human (n = 5) 1998: Last case fox (Bastogne)

1999: Last case bovine (Bastogne)

2001: OIE/WHO declares Belgium rabies-free

2007: 1 import case dog (Morocco)

2008: 1 import case dog (Gambia)

2016: First local case bat (Bertrix)

Courtesy WIV/ISP

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Incubation period of rabies

Dogs: 10 days to > 6 months

Humans: 10 days to > 1 year

Diagnosis during incubation is not possible

Pre-clinical virus excretion in saliva is possible

Background

WIV/ISP

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Background

WIV/ISP

Epidemiology

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Reservoirs and vectors• Any mammal can become infected

• Few are reservoirs:

– Chiroptera: bats

– Mesocarnivores:

• Canidae: dog (> 98% of human cases)

• Viverridae (civets), Mustelidae (martens), Procyonidae (raccoon), Mephitidae

(skunks) and Herpestidae (mongoose)

• Some are good vectors, but no reservoir: cats

• Regular spill over:

– domestic ↔ wildlife

– spill over from wildlife more common than the reverse

– sometimes spillover leads to adaptation to a new reservoir

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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No reservoirs

• Horses, cows: can be rabid, vets are at risk

• Monkeys: rarely infected, but bite incidents are frequent

(herpes B!)

• Rodents, rabbits, hares: rarely infected and are not known to

transmit rabies to humans

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Animal rabies

WHO 2016

Endemic dog-transmitted human rabies

Endemic dog rabies without human transmission

Sporadic dog-transmitted human rabies

Controlled dog rabies

No dog rabies

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Animal rabies

CDC

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Rabies in Africa

• Dog: urban, stray, wild, ….

• Bats

• Jackals, foxes, genets,…

• South Africa: yellow mongoose

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Rabies in Asia

• Dogs

• Bats

• Red and arctic foxes, raccoon dogs, mongooses, jackals,

ferret badgers,…

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Animal rabies

WHO

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Europe

Animal rabies

Primary reservoirs = Foxes and raccoon dogs

Secundary infections (spill-over primary reservoirs):

dogs, cats, cattle, raccoon, wolves,….

Raccoon

Raton laveur

Wasbeer

Raccoon dog

Chien raccoon

Wasbeerhond

WIV/ISP

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• West and North:

– Free of classic rabies virus

– Dogs no longer vaccinated in

Belgium since 2016

• East and South-East:

Sylvatic cases

– Greece: sylvatic rabies re-emerged in 2012 and free since

2015

– Slovenia, Czech Republic: rabies-free

• Turkey: canine cases

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Fox rabies cases in Europe

Bron: Rabies Bulletin Europe, FLI, WHO

1992 2016

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Oral vaccination campaign foxes

1989

2015

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Source: Rabies Bulletin Europe, FLI, WHO, WIV

Epidemiology: rabies cases in Europe in 20162016: 3982 cases: decreasing

Animal rabies

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Rabies in Western Europe: small risk, severe consequences

Infection in traveller

Organ transplantation

Re-introduction in wild animals

Illegal import animals

European bat lyssavirus-1 en -2

Animal rabies

Courtesy WIV/ISP

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Rabies in European bats

• No classic rabies virus

• Other lyssavirus species:

– European bat lyssavirus-1 (EBLV-1): two variants: EBLV-1a, EBLV-2b

All over Europe

>95% of cases

– European bat lyssavirus-2 (EBLV-2):

UK, Netherlands, Finland, Germany, Switzerland

– Rare: Bokeloh Bat Lyssavirus (BBLV), WCBLV

• Non-lethal (seroconversion) or lethal infections

• Symptoms: unable to fly, active in daytime, …

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Reservoir bat species in Europe

3/45 species are reservoirs for bats

• Eptesicus serotinus: EBLV-1, >95%

• Myotis daubentonii: EBLV-2

• Myotis dasycneme: EBLV-2

Rare:

• Myotis myotis: 40% seropositive in Spain, but rarely disease cases

• Myotis nattereri: Bokeloh bat lyssavirus

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Eptesicus serotinus

serotine bat / grande sérotine / laatvlieger

• Main reservoir

• Whole of Europe <55° latitude

• Relatively large: span 30-40 cm

• Lives in buildings (walls, roofs)

• Maternity colonies in houses

• Sedentary, but can migrate up to

330 km

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Most common bat in BE

Pipistrellis pipistrellusdwarf bat / Pipistrelle commune /

gewone dwergvleermuis

• 90% of bat observations

• No rabies reservoir or risk

• 1 case in Germany 1986

• Urban habitats

• Eats >300 insects/night

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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First bat rabies case in Belgium (28/9/2016)World Rabies Day

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Statistics bat rabies in Europe

• 30 rabid bats per year

• Seasonality: autumn

• France 1989 – 2013 (Picard-Meyer et al. 2014) :

16% (40/257) of submitted serotine bats positive

2006-2016

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

Page 28: Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE · PDF fileRabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE ... Eptesicus serotinus ... Prevention of Human Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis of treatment

The risks of bat rabies

• Difficult to control

• Unknowns! → Every bite or scratch = precautionary treatment

• Bat handlers: preventive rabies vaccination, gloves

• Spill over infections are rare:

- 4 lethal human cases since 1977

- 2 cats (France): cats prey on/play with sick bats

- 1 stone marten (Germany)

- sheep (Denmark)

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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Risk analysis animal exposure

Question Interpretation

Known reservoir or vector? Non-reservoirs or non-vectors less likely to be

rabid (monkeys)

Bite with skin penetration? Non-bite exposures less likely to cause rabies

Encephalitis or behavioral abnormalities? Healthy animals less likely to excrete virus,

but pre-symptomatic excretion is possible

Occurrence of rabies in the area? Depends on reliable surveillance and

reporting

Import cases are always possible

Unprovoked attack? Provoked bite (protecting young, sleeping or

eating) is less risky

Observation possible? Animal still healthy at least 10 days after the

bite: discontinue PEP

Dog/cat with vaccination certificate? Vaccine failures are rare in dogs or cats

Lab test brain possible? Negative antigen test (FAT) or PCR: no PEP

or discontinue PEP

Source: Rupprecht et al. F1000 Research 2017, 6.

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Suspected animal in Belgium

Contact Veterinary Inspector FAVV:

Working hours: 02/211 82 83

After working hours: 0474/802 803

• No signs: 10 day observation

• Rabies signs: euthanasia > send cadaver to:

National Reference Lab

Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, WIV

02/373 31 11

• Lab diagnosis possible in < 1day

Animal rabies

WIV/ISP

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National Reference Laboratory for Rabies

• Diagnosis in humans and animals

• Serology in humans and animals

• Surveillance in wild (bats) and domestic animals: guarantee rabies-free status Belgium

Research projects:

• Intradermal vaccination trials (ITM, MHQA)

• Plasmid-launched live-attenuated vaccines (Rega) https://rabyd-vax.eu/

• Nanobody treatment (Ablynx)

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National anti-rabies centre for post-exposure prophylaxis with HRIG

- BE Expertise centre for rabies PEP R/ 20-60x Ig

- Expert advice ITM since oct 2016

- Team of > 10 internists

- Travel phone 0902 88088 (Call center)

- 24 hours expert’advice ITM

- Information on the website: www.itg.be

- Lower cost - uniform - lesser use of Ig

- No transport costs

- Data surveillance – Datacollection

- Stock Rabies vaccine and HRIG

National anti-rabies centre: ITM

24 hours expert’adviceUZA via experts ITM

Research projects: Intradermal vaccination trials (ITM, MHQA)

RCT1 paper in preparation

RCT2 paper in preparation

RCT3 trial start in oct 2017

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Prevention of Human Rabies

Post-exposure prophylaxis of treatment (PEP)

> Series of vaccination after the risk bite

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

> Series of vaccination before the risk or travel

Prevention of human rabies

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Rabies PEP 2017: centralized advice

and (de)centralized

care

centralized stock

Rabies PEP new

Expert advice

ITM

Treatment centre

- Travel Clinic

ITMATreatment centre

Emergency Dpt UZA

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• 3 scenario’s of PEP treatments

Rabies PEP categorie III with MARIG (Ig)

Rabies PEP after PrEP without MARIG (Ig)

Rabies PEP categorie II without MARIG (Ig)

Background

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• 3 scenario’s of PEP treatments

Rabies PEP categorie III with Ig > ITG (UZA)

Rabies PEP after PrEP > ITG (UZA) or Travel clinic > MD

Rabies PEP categorie II without Ig > ITG (UZA) or Travel

clinic > MD

Datacollection

Page 37: Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE · PDF fileRabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE ... Eptesicus serotinus ... Prevention of Human Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis of treatment

Rabies PEP

MARIG = 100% reimbursed RIZIV/INAMI via ITM/UZA

by Art 4.2 Imogam Rabies and Berirab

BERIRAB® (Behring)

Ampul van 2 milliliter, 300 IE/ampul

Ampul van 5 milliliter, 750 IE/ampul

20 IU/kg

110 €/ml

Vaccine = ¾ reimbursed by RIZIV/INAMI

since many years

after signature of any MD

Rabies PEP new

Stock in ITM / UZA(20 individual treatments)

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Rabies expertise ITM website

• Algemene informatie > NEW NL - FR - ENG

• Post-expositie-profylaxe tegen rabiës > NEW NL – FR

Guideline ENG versies voor toekomst

• Lab testing ISP/WIV > NEW NL - FR

Adapted information on

www.itg.be > new version 3th July 2017

http://www.itg.be/itg/GeneralSite/Default.as

px?l=n&WPID=785&MIID=679

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• New uniform forms

NL-FR

RFFIT test for free (after PEP)

39

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Rabies PEP 2017: Data

Data reporting - collection

Expert advice

ITG

Treatment centres

- ITM

- Emergency Dpt UZA

Input surveillance data

Guidelines and Teaching

IPH

Jaarrapport > Healthdata

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Rabies PEP

New procedure

July 2017

Page 42: Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE · PDF fileRabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE ... Eptesicus serotinus ... Prevention of Human Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis of treatment

PEP Rabies: new procedure

Wat te doen na een beet ?

In geval van een beet op reis door een mogelijk besmet

dier moet men meteen de wonde uitwassen met water en

zeep (omdat het virus zeer gevoelig is voor detergenten)

gedurende 15 minuten en vervolgens grondig ontsmetten

met Iodium/Isobetadine of met ethanol 60-80 %.

Men dient zo snel mogelijk een arts ter plaatse te

raadplegen voor verdere verzorging en om vaccinatie te

overwegen.

Page 43: Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE · PDF fileRabies Post-exposure prophylaxis in BE ... Eptesicus serotinus ... Prevention of Human Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis of treatment

PEP Rabies: new procedure

Wat te doen na een beet ?

• Vervolgens zal men beslissen of vaccineren tegen rabies (PEP) nodig is, al dan niet in combinatie met specifieke antirabiës-immunoglobulinen (RIG).

De beslissing om wel of niet te vaccineren hangt af van:

- het land waarin men zich bevindt wanneer men werd gebeten (of het land waar het dier vandaan komt als het over importdieren gaat)

- welk dier

- het type beet

- De voorgeschiedenis van de patiënt

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PEP Rabies: nieuwe procedure

Wat te doen na een beet ?

- het land

http://apps.who.int/ithmap/

Niet-endemische landen (Juni 2017) Endemische landen (Juni 2017)

Europa

Finland

Duitsland

Tsjechië

Slovakije

Zwitserland

Italië

Griekenland

Montenegro

Cyprus

Polen

Oekraïne

Oostenrijk

Slovenië

Hongarije

Kroatië

Bosnië

Herzegovina

Andere regio’s

Australië

Nieuw-Zeeland

Japan

Canada (honden en katten)

Verenigde Staten (honden en katten)

Mexico

Groenland

Canada (wilde dieren)

Verenigde Staten (wilde dieren)

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PEP Rabies: new procedure

Wat te doen na een beet ?

het dier:

- Wilde landzoogdieren (zoals vos (fox/renard), wolf (wolf/loup), aap (monkey/singe), wasbeer (raccoon/raton laveur) in endemische gebieden of met verdachte symptomen in niet-endemische gebieden.

- Hond, kat, fret (ferret/furet) in endemische gebieden of met verdachte symptomen in niet-endemische gebieden.

- Vleermuis (bat/chauve-souris) uit endemische en niet-endemische landen.

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PEP Rabies: new procedure

Wat te doen na een beet ?

- het type beet

Categorie I

Tactiel contact (aaien) of voeden van het dier,

Likken van de intacte huid,

Met andere woorden: geen blootstelling

Categorie II

Knagen aan de onbedekte en oorspronkelijk intacte huid,

Oppervlakkige laesies van krabben of schaafwonden,

Zonder bloeding.

Categorie III

Enkelvoudige of meervoudige beten of krabben die door de dermis gaan,

Besmetting van de slijmvliezen via het speeksel na likken,

Likken van een geërodeerde huid,

Blootstelling aan vleermuizen.

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PEP Rabies: new procedure

Wat te doen na een beet ?

- de voorgeschiedenis van de patiënt

Reeds PrEP + bewijs van vaccinatie!

Three visits

D0-7-(21)28 IM of ID (+- 2 jaar?)

D0-3-7 IM (!?)

Two visits

D0-7 ID (!?)

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PEP Rabies: new procedure

Wat te doen na een beet ?

- de voorgeschiedenis van de patiënt

Immuunsuppressie

HGR Nr 6561. Vaccinaties van immuungecompromitteeerde

en chronische zieke kinderen en volwassenen (2012 > 2017):

hoofdstuk 2.

- Biologicals

- SOT

- StamcelTX

- HIV

- PID

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PEP schedule 1:

a 2 day schedule of rabies vaccines

without Rabies Immunoglobulines

when complete rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (after PrEP) and proven by vaccination card

D0 D3

NO

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PEP schedule 2:

21 day schedule of Rabies Vaccines

without Rabies Immunoglobulines

After 10

days

BE

RFFIT > 3.0

Zagreb

regimen

D0 D7 D21

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PEP schedule 3: ITG/UZA

28 day schedule of Rabies Vaccines

+ 1 day of Rabies Immunoglobulines

D0 D3 D7 D14 D28

D0

After

10 days

BE

RFFIT > 3.0

Essen

regimen

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Background

Effective Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

a 2 day or 1 day schedule of rabies vaccines

or

without rabies immunoglobulines

when complete rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and proven by vaccination card

D0 D3 D0

NO

IM ID

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Background

Rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and

PEP

RFFIT > 0,5 IU/ml

WHO definition

PrEPPEP

BITE RISK

1 ml IM

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PEP Rabies new procedure

DIEREN CATEGORIE I CATEGORIE II CATEGORIE III IMMUUNSUPPRESSIE Rabies PrEP

in orde

Wilde landzoogdieren zoals vos, wolf, aap, wasbeer,…

Endemisch Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Verdacht

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Niet-verdacht

Geen Geen Geen Geen Geen

Hond, kat, fret

Endemisch Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

<12m geïmporteerd

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Verdacht

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Niet-verdacht

Geen Geen Geen Geen Geen

Vleermuis

Endemisch en

Niet-endemisch

Geen of

schema 3

Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

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PEP Rabies: new procedure

Hoe immunoglobunes toedienen ?

Immunoglobulinen (MARIG - Menselijk Anti-Rabiës ImmunoGlobuline)

Plaats van injectie :

• De immunoglobinen worden zo snel mogelijk na de besmetting toegediend, een zo groot mogelijke hoeveelheid wordt toegediend via een DIEPE LOKALE INJECTIE IN EN ROND DE BEET.

• Wanneer de anatomische locatie niet toelaat om lokaal toe te dienen, wordt het resterende product diepgaand intramusculair toegediend OP EEN ANATOMISCHE LOCATIE VERSCHILLEND VAN DE PLAATS VAN DE INJECTIE VAN HET VACCIN (bv. : bilspier).

• Dosering : 20 IE/kg

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PEP Rabies: new procedure

Hoe immunoglobunes toedienen ?

BERIRAB Dosis MARIG 20 IE per kg te berekenen

Te bepalen welke ampullen nodig voor individu:

- Ampullen van 2 milliliter, 300 IE/ampul

- Ampullen van 5 milliliter, 750 IE/ampul

Gewicht 30 kg Gewicht 50 kg Gewicht 70 kg Gewicht 90 kg

Berirab 300 IU 2ml 2 ampullen 1 ampulle 1 ampulle

Berirab 750 IU 5ml 1 ampulle 2 ampulles 2 ampulles

Totaal volume 4 ml 7 ml 10 ml 12 ml

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PEP Rabies: new procedure

Some examples

Bat België

Bite or possible bite

Scheme 5 doses of vaccins : D0, 3, 7, 14, 28

+ HRIG 20 IE/kg

Serological testing: 10de post-vaccination d38.

Tropisch Instituut waarschuwt voor hondsdolheid: "Pas op voor bijtende vleermuizen"

Het Instituut voor Tropische

Geneeskunde (ITG) in

Antwerpen waarschuwt voor

hondsdolheid. Vooral

mensen die op reis gaan

naar Azië of Afrika kunnen

hondsdolheid oplopen door

beten van besmette dieren.

Maar ook in ons land zijn er

vleermuizen die mogelijk

besmet zijn. Sinds juli kreeg

het ITG al 6 gevallen binnen

van mensen die gebeten of

gekrabd waren door een

vleermuis.

VRT NWS 28 Sept 2017

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PEP Rabies new procedure

58

DIEREN CATEGORIE I CATEGORIE II CATEGORIE III IMMUUNSUPPRESSIE Rabies PrEP

in orde

Wilde landzoogdieren zoals vos, wolf, aap, wasbeer,…

Endemisch Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Verdacht

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Niet-verdacht

Geen Geen Geen Geen Geen

Hond, kat, fret

Endemisch Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

<12m geïmporteerd

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Verdacht

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Niet-verdacht

Geen Geen Geen Geen Geen

Vleermuis

Endemisch en

Niet-endemisch

Geen of

schema 3

Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

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Rabies PEP new procedure

Effective Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

28 day schedule of Rabies Vaccines

+ 1 day of Rabies Immunoglobulines

D0

10 days

after last

injection

BE

RFFIT > 5.0

Essen

regimen

D0 D3 D7 D14 D28

5x

CAT II or III: BAT in BE

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Rabies PEP new procedure

Effective Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

28 day schedule of Rabies Vaccines

+ 1 day of Rabies Immunoglobulines

D0

10 days

after last

injection

BE

RFFIT > 3.0

Essen

regimen

D0 D3 D7 D14 D28

5x

CAT III: Monkey BALI

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PEP Rabies new procedure

DIEREN CATEGORIE I CATEGORIE II CATEGORIE III IMMUUNSUPPRESSIE Rabies PrEP

in orde

Wilde landzoogdieren zoals vos, wolf, aap, wasbeer,…

Endemisch Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Verdacht

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Niet-verdacht

Geen Geen Geen Geen Geen

Hond, kat, fret

Endemisch Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

<12m geïmporteerd

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Verdacht

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Niet-verdacht

Geen Geen Geen Geen Geen

Vleermuis

Endemisch en

Niet-endemisch

Geen of

schema 3

Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

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PEP Rabies new procedure

Effective Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

21 day schedule of Rabies Vaccines

PEP regimen started without Ig in Bali…

Now D21 in BE: > 7 days vaccinations started

No Rabies Immunoglobulines anymore

+ 10 days

D31

BE

RFFIT > 3.0

Zagreb

regimen

D0 D7 D21

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What about Herpes virus B in macaque?

• One study found 97% of adult macaque monkeys in

captivity were positive for herpes B. Rates of

infection in the wild are documented at up to 70%;

most are asymptomatic.

• In humans, untreated herpes B virus is fatal at 20-

80%, although in the age of antiviral herpes

medications, mortality has dropped to 20%: 50 cases

reported with encephalitis.

• Prophylaxis recommended: a 7 or 14-day course of

either valacyclovir 1 g orally every 8 h or acyclovir

800 mg orally five times per day (start in first 3 to 5 days)

CID 2002 / JTM 2015

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Rabies PEP nieuwe procedure

Effective PEP schedule:

21 day schedule of Rabies Vaccines

without Rabies Immunoglobulines

After 10

days

WHO

RFFIT > 0,5

Zagreb

regimen

D0 D7 D21

Cat IICAT in BEimported 2 months agoFrom Marocco

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PEP Rabies new procedure

65

DIEREN CATEGORIE I CATEGORIE II CATEGORIE III IMMUUNSUPPRESSIE Rabies PrEP

in orde

Wilde landzoogdieren zoals vos, wolf, aap, wasbeer,…

Endemisch Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Verdacht

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Niet-verdacht

Geen Geen Geen Geen Geen

Hond, kat, fret

Endemisch Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

<12m geïmporteerd

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Verdacht

Geen Schema 2 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

Niet-endemisch

Niet-verdacht

Geen Geen Geen Geen Geen

Vleermuis

Endemisch en

Niet-endemisch

Geen of

schema 3

Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 3 Schema 1

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Rabies PEP new procedure

Effective Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

28 day schedule of Rabies Vaccines

+ 1 day of Rabies Immunoglobulines

D0

10 days

after last

injection

BE

RFFIT > 3.0

Essen

regimen

D0 D3 D7 D14 D28

5x

Cat IIICAT in BENot imported

Played with a death bat

Died two days later

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Rabies PEP nieuwe procedure

Effective PEP schedule:

21 day schedule of Rabies Vaccines

without Rabies Immunoglobulines

After 10

days

WHO

RFFIT > 0,5

Zagreb

regimen

D0 D7 D21

Cat IIICAT in BENot imported Played with a death bat

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Rabies PEP ITM after three months

• Rabies PEP schedule 3: Rabipur 5x + HRIG + labo in ITM

46 x

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Rabies PEP ITM after three months

69

Aa

p

Ho

nd

Ka

t

Lem

ur

On

be

ke

nd

Vle

erm

uis

Vo

s

Gra

nd

To

tal

Bali 6 6

België 2 2 6 10

Bolivië 1 1

Costa-Rica 1 1

Cuba 1 1

Dominica 1 1

Egypte 1 1

Filippijnen 1 1

Indonesië 1 1 2

Madagascar 1 1 2

Marokko 1 1 2

Mexico 1 1

Nieuw-Guinea, Papua 1 1

Peru 1 1

Roemenië 1 1

Rusland 1 1

Sri Lanka 1 1

Thailand 4 3 1 1 9

Tunesië 1 1

Turkije 1 1 2

Grand Total 14 13 7 1 1 9 1 46

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Lemur?

70

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Conclusion

• New procedure rabies PEP in place

• Evaluation of processes Rabies PEP

71