Rabies in Mongolian Rabies in Mongolian steppessteppes

A. Botvinkin, D. Otgonbaatar,A. Botvinkin, D. Otgonbaatar,S. Tsoodol, I. KuzminS. Tsoodol, I. Kuzmin

- - Irkutsk State Medical University, Russia. Irkutsk State Medical University, Russia. - - Center of Infectious Diseases with Natural Center of Infectious Diseases with Natural Foci, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.Foci, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.- - Center for Diseases Control and Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.Prevention, Atlanta, USA.

Mongolia:Mongolia:- - human population – 2.5 mlnhuman population – 2.5 mln- cattle – 35.0 mln- cattle – 35.0 mln

- About one million of Mongolian people lives - About one million of Mongolian people lives in traditional houses – “yurta” in traditional houses – “yurta” - Local name of rabies is “galzoo” – kind of - Local name of rabies is “galzoo” – kind of wicked spiritswicked spirits

Epidemiological features Epidemiological features of rabies in Mongoliaof rabies in Mongolia

1994-2006 – 11 human rabies cases; 1994-2006 – 11 human rabies cases;

in average index 0.4 per mlnin average index 0.4 per mln Cattle-breeder children (4-7 years old) – Cattle-breeder children (4-7 years old) –

50% of all human cases50% of all human cases 64% of human cases were caused by 64% of human cases were caused by

wildlifewildlife Bites of herd dogs – 90% of PETBites of herd dogs – 90% of PET

Animal rabies in Mongolia Animal rabies in Mongolia

(total case number 1976-2006)(total case number 1976-2006) Cattle – more than 80% of reported cases Cattle – more than 80% of reported cases

Human rabies in Human rabies in Mongolia Mongolia (total case number 197(total case number 19722-2006)-2006)

Distribution of the steppes in Distribution of the steppes in Mongolia and neighbouring Mongolia and neighbouring

countriescountries

Main vectors and reservoirs of Main vectors and reservoirs of rabies virus in Mongoliarabies virus in Mongolia

Main vectors and reservoirs Main vectors and reservoirs of rabies virus in Mongoliaof rabies virus in Mongolia

Human rabies in Human rabies in Mongolia (1994-Mongolia (1994-2006; n=11):2006; n=11):

- Wolf – 5Wolf – 5- Red fox – 2Red fox – 2- Dog - 4Dog - 4

Active surveillance in Active surveillance in Chita region of Chita region of Russia (1977-1980; Russia (1977-1980; n=370):n=370):

- Red fox – 3,7%- Red fox – 3,7%

- Steppe fox – 3,5%- Steppe fox – 3,5%

Sequencing of rabies virus Sequencing of rabies virus isolates from Mongolian type isolates from Mongolian type steppessteppes

LocationLocation SpeciesSpecies YearYear NumberNumber

MongoliaMongolia

(west)(west)

red fox, wolf, red fox, wolf, cow, camelcow, camel

20062006 3,4,6,73,4,6,7

RussiaRussia

(Tuwa)(Tuwa)

wolf, cowwolf, cow 19801980 365w, 365w, 786c786c

RussiaRussia

(Chita region)(Chita region)

steppe foxsteppe fox 19771977 304c,304c,

248c248c

Instead of conclusionInstead of conclusion

Does Mongolia a place of contact of Does Mongolia a place of contact of different clones of rabies virus?different clones of rabies virus?

From there did fox rabies appeares From there did fox rabies appeares in Mongolian steppes?in Mongolian steppes?

Can we consider rabies in Mongolian Can we consider rabies in Mongolian steppes as a relict of wildlife rabies steppes as a relict of wildlife rabies in central in central Asia?Asia?