r3 3g2g parameters tuning ed1

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Domain : RADIO OPTIMISATION

Product : 3G

Division : METHOD

Rubric : TUNING

Type : GUIDELINE

Distrib. codes Internal: External:

PREDISTRIBUTION

PCS E.DESBLANCS PCS/STO F.JARREAUPCS/STO P.BLANC PCS/Quality LF.GONNOTPCS/3G C.MOIGNARD

DUMASPCS/IDDL I.INTA

ABSTRACTThis document presents the strategy for parameter setting for algorithms managing 3G to 2Gand 3G to 3G mobility.

KEYWORDSinter-RAT, inter-frequency, parameter, tuning

ApprovalsPCS E. DESBLANCS PCS/STO F. JARREAUDate: Signature: Date: Signature:

PCS/3G C. MOIGNARD DUMAS PCS/Quality LF. GONNOTDate: Signature: Date: Signature:

SiteVLIZY / TIMISOARA /

STUTTGART

MOBILE RADIO DIVISIONPROFESSIONAL CUSTOMER SERVICES

OriginatorH. HATIM

R3 3G-2G Parameter Tuning


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HISTORY

Edition Status Date Comments

DISTRIBUTION LISTPCS, RNE

END OF DOCUMENT


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREDISTRIBUTION...............................................................................................1

ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................1

KEYWORDS..........................................................................................................1

HISTORY..............................................................................................................2

DISTRIBUTION LIST..............................................................................................2

TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................1

REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.................................................................................3

RELATED DOCUMENTS........................................................................................3

SCOPE.................................................................................................................3

1 CELL RESELECTION FROM 3G TO 2G OR TO ANOTHER 3G CARRIER.................5

1.1 CELL SELECTION CRITERIA....................................................................................................51.2 UE MEASUREMENTS ON THE SERVING CELL..........................................................................6

1.3 ALGORITHM FOR TRIGGERING OF UE MEASUREMENTS ON NEIGHBOUR CELL.......................7

1.4 UE MEASUREMENTS ON NEIGHBOUR CELLS..........................................................................9

1.5 CELL RESELECTION CRITERIA..............................................................................................13

1.6 RNO INDICATORS AND TRACE ANALYSIS..............................................................................16

2 CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G...............................................................182.1 CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G UNDER UE CONTROL..................................................18

2.2 CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G UNDER NETWORK CONTROL: IMPLEMENTATION INALCATEL B8 BSS..........................................................................................................................21

2.3 RNO INDICATORS AND TRACES ANALYSIS............................................................................22

3 COMPRESSED MODE.......................................................................................243.1 COMPRESSED MODE METHOD............................................................................................. 24

3.2 COMPRESSED MODE PATTERN............................................................................................. 26

3.3 2G MEASUREMENTS IN COMPRESSED MODE.......................................................................29

3.4 DOWNLINK POWER CONTROL IN COMPRESSED MODE........................................................30

3.5 DOWNLINK FRAME TYPE......................................................................................................31

3.6 COMPRESSED MODE PARAMETERS......................................................................................31

3.7 EXAMPLES OF COMPRESSED MODE PATTERNS....................................................................32

3.8 RNO INDICATORS AND TRACES ANALYSIS............................................................................344 HARD HANDOVER BETWEEN 3G CARRIERS.....................................................364.1 MANAGEMENT OF INTER-FREQUENCY HHO CONFIGURATION BY RNC..................................36

4.2 UE MEASUREMENTS FOR TRIGGERING OF HHO BETWEEN 3G CARRIERS.............................38


5 HARD HANDOVER FROM 3G TO 2G FOR AMR AND CS14.4.............................495.1 MANAGEMENT OF 3G TO 2G HHO CONFIGURATION BY RNC ...............................................50

5.2 UE MEASUREMENTS FOR TRIGGERING 3G TO 2G HHO .......................................................53


6 CROSS-REFERENCES OF RNO PARAMETERS....................................................62


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6.1 CCT NETWORK CONTROL....................................................................................................62

6.2 CCT CELL CONTROL.............................................................................................................63

6.3 CCT PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL CHANNELS............................................................................. 63

6.4 CCT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT................................................................................................63

6.5 DESIGN................................................................................................................................63

INDEX................................................................................................................65


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REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

Table 1: Referenced Documents

Cross-Reference

Document Title Document Number

[3GAlgos] UTRAN R3 3G Radio Algorithms 3DF 01900

3310VAZZA[3G2GAlgos] UTRAN R3 3G-2G Radio Algorithms 3DF 01900 3312

VAZZA[RNOIndic] UTRAN R3 RNO QoS indicators 3DF 01900 3311 VAZZA

R3 UTRAN Release compliant to:

3GPP Release 99 Technical Status March 2002 with CR analysis up to June 2004

3GPP Release R4 Technical Status March 2002 with CR analysis up to June 2004

RELATED DOCUMENTS

Table 2: Related DocumentsDocument Title Document NumberUTRAN ALGORITHMS SPECIFICATION PART 1R3

3BK 11240 0119 DSZZA Ed08RL

UTRAN ALGORITHMS SPECIFICATION PART 2R3

3BK 11240 0120 DSZZA Ed 03RL

UTRAN ALGORITHMS SPECIFICATION PART 3R3

3BK 11240 0121 DSZZA Ed07RL

Telecom Parameters Catalogue 3BK 11240 0127 DSZZA MR2ED3RL

UTRAN Indicators Catalogue 3BK 11240 0129 DSZZA MR2 Ed5RL

UTRAN Scenarios 3BK 11240 0128 DSZZAPICS to 3GPP series 25.1xx 3BK 11240 0130 DSZZAPICS to 3GPP series 25.2xx 3BK 11240 0131 DSZZAPICS to 3GPP series 25.3xx 3BK 11240 0132 DSZZAPICS to 3GPP series 25.4xx 3BK 11240 0134 DSZZAPICS to 3GPP 29.060 3BK 11240 0138 DSZZAPICS to 3GPP 25.413 RANAP 3BK 11240 0135 DSZZAPICS to 3GPP 25.423 RNSAP 3BK 11240 0136 DSZZAPICS to 3GPP 25.433 NBAP 3BK 11240 0137 DSZZAPICS to 3GPP 25.331 RRC protocol 3BK 11240 0133 DSZZA

SCOPE

PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT


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This document presents the R3 tuneable parameters dealing with inter-RAT (Radio AccessTechnology) and inter-frequency mobility. For each parameter, we give an explanation of therecommended default value and some guidelines for specific tuning.

The 3G-2G mobility algorithms are described in . The table of content of the current document isorganized in the same way as [3G2GAlgos], it enables the reader to learn about the algorithmsand their parameters tuning in parallel through the both documents.

The document is organized along the radio algorithms that are implemented in UTRAN R3 MR2,

MR3 and BSS B8. Cell selection and reselection in 3G, from 3G to 2G, in 3G inter-freq Cell reselection from 2G to 3G Hard Handover from 3G to 2G Inter-freq hard handover in 3G

For each radio algorithm the document presents a detailed description and recommendations onassociated tuneable parameters.

AREA OF APPLICATION

This document is intended for the radio network engineers (RNE).


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1 CELL RESELECTION FROM 3G TO 2G OR TO ANOTHER 3G CARRIERThe algorithm of cell selection and reselection is described in the 3GPP TS25.304, and UEmeasurement requirements are described in the 3GPP TS25.133.

1.1 CELL SELECTION CRITERIA

When a UE is switched on or gets out of no service area, a public land mobile network (PLMN)is selected and the UE searches for a suitable cell of this PLMN to camp on. The cell selectionprocess is valid for a UE in: Idle state, Or in Cell-FACH state for out of service conditions only.

Parameter Comments Domain Range Step Access ExampleQqualmin Minimum required quality

level in the cellCell

design-24 to 0

dB1 RNO -16 dB

Qrxlevmin Minimum required Rx levelin the cell

Celldesign

-115 to-25 dBm

2 RNO -113 dBm

MaxAllowULTxP

ower

Maximum transmit power

of UE on the PRACH

Cell

design

-55 to 33

dBm

1 RNO 24 dBm

Qqualmin

Qqualmin is the minimum required radio quality of the selected cell (CPICH Ec/Io in dB). CPICHEc/Io may be critical, since the DL channel estimation on CPICH get degraded in degraded radioconditions (CPICH Ec/Io


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In the contrary, a high value (i.e. >-107dBm) will ensure that the camping mobile will be inquite good radio conditions, while accessing to the 3G services.

Current strategy is to implement minimal Qrxlevmin, in order to limit 3G2G reselection and tomaintain 3G-users on 3G-cells.

MaxAllowULTxPower

MaxAllowULTxPower is the maximum allowed transmit power of UE on PRACH (dBm). This is the

value used in the link budget calculation to find out the Qrxlevmin value: when the mobile is inthe cell edge (CPICH_RSCP=Qrxlevmin), the estimated UE transmit power isMaxAllowULTxPower, so if the maximum UE Tx power, thats available through RRCCONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE message in IE ue_PowerClass, is lower than the configuredMaxAllowULTxPower, the UE signal can not be received correctly by the NB. For such mobiles,the Qrxlevmin value is adapted through P_compensation (refer to cell selection algorithm)

Pcompensation = Max (MaxAllowULTxPower - Pmax, 0)

So the mobile will select the cell only if the measured cell received level is above[Qrxlevmin+P_compensation].

Pmax is absolute max UE Tx power (dBm) is a characteristic of the UE. Its value is availablethrough RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE message in IE ue_PowerClass and this table:

Power Class Nominal maximumoutput power

Tolerance

1 +33 dBm +1/-3 dB

2 +27 dBm +1/-3 dB

3 +24 dBm +1/-3 dB

4 +21 dBm 2 dB

The MaxAllowULTxPower default value is 24dBm and most commercial UE have power class4,which means that for these mobiles, Qqualmin will be increased by 3dB.

Note that the MaxAllowULTxPower is used to limit the UE Tx power on RACH and also on DCH (forall services): In EVOLIUM implementation, The IE Maximum Allowed UL Tx Power is not presentin the Radio Bearer Setup message so the UE will keep the value broadcast in the SIB (and usedfor RACH access).

1.2 UE MEASUREMENTS ON THE SERVING CELL

The UE is camped on a cell, called the Serving cell, and is either in idle state or Cell-FACH state.

1.2.1 IN IDLE STATE

The UE shall measure the CPICH Ec/Io and CPICH RSCP level of the serving cell and evaluate thecell selection criterion S for the serving cell at least every DRX cycle.

Parameter Description Range Domain Access Tunable

DRX Cycle Parameter k, used to define thenumber of frames between twoPage Indicator monitoring. It isused for UE in IDLE modeattached to CS domain and PSdomain. The formula is 2 exp(k)frames.

6 to 9, step1

NetworkControl

RNO YES


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DRX Cycle

The DRX cycle length defines UE measurement periodicity in idle mode : a small period allowsthe UE to update its measurements quickly and to reselect the best cell as soon reselectioncriterion is fulfilled however that will increase the battery consumption. A high period will help tosave the UE battery but it will delay the cell reselection in mobility conditions which can lead toa call establishment failure (RRC connection establishment failure or paging not seen becausethe mobile didnt reselect the best cell).

DRX cycle length for CS or PS = Min (DRX cycle length CS, DRX cycle length PS) = 2k

framesWhen k increases, the UE power consumption decreases, while the delay to reselect the best cellincreases.

DRX cycle length is also used in the paging procedure.

In the table below you can find the FDD measurement period according to the DRX cycle setting.

DRX cycle(coded value)

DRX cyclelength [s]

TmeasureFDD [s](number of DRX

cycles)

Nserv [number ofDRX cycles]

TevaluateFDD [s] (numberof DRX cycles)

6 0.64 1.28(2) 4 5.12 (8)

7 1.28 1.28(1) 2 6.4 (5)

8 2.56 2.56(1) 2 7.68 (3)

9 5.12 5.12(1) 1 10.24 (2)

The current strategy consists in choosing 7, which allows the same TmeasureFDD as 6, but with lowerON time (period of 1.28s, instead of 0.64s).

1.2.2 IN CELL-FACH STATE

During the CELL-FACH state the UE shall continuously measure the serving cell. If ameasurement occasion is activated, intra frequency measurements can be performed betweenthe measurement occasions. The measurement period for intra frequency measurements is 200ms.

1.3 ALGORITHM FOR TRIGGERING OF UE MEASUREMENTS ON NEIGHBOUR CELL

The UE is camped on a particular cell and it is either in idle mode or Cell-FACH mode. Now theUE evaluates if its current cell is still strong enough or whether a cell reselection is needed, acandidate for cell reselection being one of the cells of the Monitored Set (broadcast in SIB11).

Parameter Comment Domain Range Step Access ExampleSintraSearchFlag

This parameter indicateswhether Sintrasearchexists.

CellControl

On/Off RNO On

Sintrasearch Threshold for intra-frequency measurements

CellControl

-32 to 20dB

2 RNO 8 dB

SinterSearchFlag

This parameter indicateswhether Sintersearchexists.

CellControl

On/Off RNO On

Sintersearch Threshold for inter-frequency measurements

CellControl

-32 to 20dB

2 RNO 6 dB

SsearchRAT(RATList.SSearchRAT)

Threshold for inter-RATmeasurements

CellControl

-32 to 20dB

2 RNO 2 dB


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SintraSearchFlag and SintraSearch

When the SintrasearchFlag is ON, the mobile doesnt need to perform measurements onmonitored intra-frequency cells if the measured quality of the serving cell is above[Qqualmin+SintraSearch]. This configuration allow to save the UE battery as the UE has not tomeasure the monitored cells all the time but only when the quality of the active cell is below thedefined threshold. The SintraSearch threshold setting is a trade off between the cell reselectionreactivity and UE battery consumption.

IF SintraSearchFlag is Off, Sintrasearch is not sent for serving cell THEN the UE must alwaysperform intra-frequency measurements.

As a general rule we set the Sintrasearch so that Qqualmin+Sintrasearch=-8dB.

SinterSearchFlag and SinterSearch

When the SintersearchFlag is ON, the mobile doesnt need to perform measurements onmonitored inter frequency cells if the measured quality of the serving cell is above[Qqualmin+SinterSearch]. This configuration allow to save the UE battery as the UE has not tomeasure the monitored inter frequency cells all the time but only when the quality of the activecell is below the defined threshold. The SinterSearch threshold setting is a trade off between thecell reselection reactivity and UE battery consumption.

IF SinterSearchFlag is Off, Sintersearch is not sent for serving cell THEN the UE must alwaysperform inter-frequency measurements.

As a general rule we set the Sintrasearch so that Qqualmin+Sintersearch=-10dB.

SsearchRAT

This parameter is used to calculate the cell quality threshold for inter RAT reselection: the mobiledoesnt need to measure interRAT neighbour cells if the quality of the active cell is above[Qqualmin+SSearchRAT]. This configuration allow to save the UE battery as the UE has not tomeasure the monitored inter RAT cells all the time but only when the quality of the active cell isbelow the defined threshold. The SSearchRAT threshold setting is a trade off between the cellreselection reactivity and UE battery consumption.

IF SsearchRAT is not sent for serving cell THEN the UE must always perform measurements oncells of other RAT, but in Alcatel implementation, SsearchRAT is always sent when inter-RATneighbour cells are declared.

As a general rule we set the Sintrasearch so that Qqualmin+Sintrasearch=-14dB.

Note: ALCATEL recommend to set the reselection threshold so thatSsearchRAT


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Qqualmin

Intra, inter-freq, inter-RAT measurements

No measurements

Intra-freq measurements

Intra and inter-freq measurements

Qqualmeas

Sintrasearch

SsearchRAT

Sintersearch

Qqualmin


No measurements



Qqualmeas

Sintrasearch

SsearchRAT

Sintersearch


No measurements



Qqualmeas

Sintrasearch

SsearchRAT

Sintersearch

1.4 UE MEASUREMENTS ON NEIGHBOUR CELLS

1.4.1 IN IDLE STATEIn idle state, the UE measurements are linked to DRX cycle parameter. The measurementsperiodicity depends on the measured cell type (intra frequency, inter frequency or inter RAT).

Parameter Description Range Domain Access

Tunable

DRX Cycle Parameter k, used to define thenumber of frames between twoPage Indicator monitoring. It isused for UE in IDLE modeattached to CS domain and PSdomain. The formula is 2

exp(k) frames.

6 to 9, step1

NetworkControl

RNO YES


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DRX cycle

This parameter is described in DRX Cycle.

Measurements of intra-frequency cells

If intra-frequency measurements are necessary, the UE shall measure CPICH Ec/Io and CPICHRSCP of neighbours intra-frequency cells at least every TmeasureFDD. The UE shall filter CPICH Ec/Ioand CPICH RSCP measurements of each measured intra-frequency cell using at least 2

measurements, which are taken so that the time difference between the measurements is atleast TmeasureFDD/2.

(TmeasureFDD is introduced in 1.22.1 UE measurements on the Serving cell.)

Measurements of inter-RAT cells

The UE shall measure the signal level of the GSM BCCH carrier of each GSM neighbour cellindicated in the measurement control system information of the serving cell at least everyTmeasureGSM. The UE shall maintain a running average of 4 measurements for each GSM BCCHcarrier. The measurement samples for each cell shall be as far as possible uniformly distributedover the averaging period.

The table below gives the inter RAT measurements periodicity according to the DRX cycle

setting.DRX cycle

(coded value)

DRX cyclelength [s]

Nserv [number ofDRX cycles]

TmeasureGSM [s](number of DRX

cycles)

3 0.08 4 2.56 (32 DRX cycles)

4 0.16 4 2.56 (16)

5 0.32 4 5.12 (16)

6 0.64 4 5.12 (8)

7 1.28 2 6.4 (5)

8 2.56 2 7.68 (3)

9 5.12 1 10.24 (2)

Table 3: periodicity of inter-RAT measurements in idle according to DRX cycle

Measurements of inter-frequency cells

If inter-frequency measurements are necessary, the UE shall measure CPICH Ec/Io and CPICHRSCP of neighbours inter-frequency cells at least every (Ncarrier-1) * TmeasureFDD. The parameterNcarrier is the number of carriers used for FDD cells. The UE shall filter CPICH Ec/Io and CPICHRSCP measurements of each measured inter-frequency cell using at least 2 measurements,which are taken so that the time difference between the measurements is at least TmeasureFDD/2.

(TmeasureFDD is introduced in 1.2UE measurements on the Serving cell.)

1.4.2 IN CELL-FACH STATE

In Cell-FACH, UE equipped with dual receiver is able to measure other frequencies (2G or FDD2)without impacting current call on FDD1. UE not equipped with dual receiver needs shortinterruption to measure other frequencies; these interruptions are the measurement occasions.

Parameter Description Range Domain Step Access ExampleFACHMeasurementOccasionCycleLengthCo

efficientFlag

This parameter indicatesif the System informationcontains the FACHmeasurement occasioncycle length coefficient.

On/Off Networkcontrol

No RNO On

FACHMeasure This parameter indicates 1 to 12 Network 1 RNO 3


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mentOccasionCycleLengthCo

efficient

the FACH measurementoccasion cycle length

coefficient.

control

FACHMeasurementOccasion Infor

FLAG

This parameter indicatesif the System information

contains the FACHmeasurement occasion

IE.

OD path:Office Data/APInformationSection/ACC(REP)/[ACC(REP)10] FACH

measurement occasioninfo flag/

0/1 RNC No ODTB 0

FACH Measurement Occasion Infor FLAG

FACH Measurement Occasion Infor FLAG is a hidden parameter (not present in RNO). It can bemodified via ODTB only.

When this FLAG is set to OFF, the FACH measurement occasion Info IE is not broadcast in systeminformation blocs. Consequently, the UE will not perform measurements on inter frequency cells

nor inter RAT cells regardless its measurements capabilities.

When the FLAG is set to ON, the FACH measurements depend on the FACH MeasurementOccasion Cycle Length Coefficient Flag, FACH Measurement Occasion Cycle Length Coefficientvalue and UE measurements capabilities.

FACHMeasurementOccasionCycleLengthCoefficientFlag

This parameter indicates if the FACH measurement occasion cycle length is broadcast in systeminformation blocs.

If the flag is set to OFF, FACH measurement occasion length coefficient is not included inFACH measurement occasion Info IE and the UE has to perform indicated measurements

(according to inter frequency FDD measurement indicator and inter RAT measurementindicators) that its able to do simultaneously as receiving the SCCPCH of serving cell accordingto its measurement capabilities.

In such case a dual receiver UE could perform measurements on other frequencies or RATshowever, mono receiver mobile is not allowed to measure cells other than intra frequency ones.

If the flag is set to ON, a mono receiver UE is able to perform measurements on otherfrequencies/RATs during measurement occasions.

FACH Measurement Occasion Cycle length

This parameter defines the periodicity of the measurement occasions as follow: K, the FACH measurement occasion length coefficient

(FACHMeasurementOccasionCycleLengthCoefficient) M_REP, the Measurement Occasion cycle length= 2k in number of frames NTTI is the number of frames in each measurement occasion, equal to the length of the

largest TTI on the SCCPCH monitored by the UE=1 frame = 10 ms in Alcatel UTRAN.

The FACH Measurement Occasion of NTTI frames will be repeated every NTTI * M_REP frame.System Information 11 contains FACHMeasurementOccasionCycleLengthCoefficient ifFACHMeasurementOccasionCycleLengthCoefficientFlag =On.

Example with K=3, and NTTI =1:


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NTTI*M_REP=8 frames

Measurement occasions

NTTI=1 frameNTTI*M_REP=8 frames

Measurement occasions

NTTI=1 frame

Figure 1: measurement occasions in cell FACHThe UE is assumed to measure periodically once every time period Tmeas on each of the modesand systems, FDD inter-frequency cells and GSM carriers for which the corresponding parameterNFDD and NGSM is set to 1. NFDD is 0 or 1. If there are inter-frequency FDD cells in the neighbour list NFDD=1, otherwise

NFDD=0. NGSM is 0 or 1. If the UE is capable of GSM and there are GSM cells in the neighbour list,

NGSM=1, otherwise NGSM =0.

The measurement time Tmeas is then defined as

( )[ ]10M_REPNTTI += GSMFDDmeas NNT ms

Example with K=3, and NTTI =1: NFDD =1 and NGSM =0 => Tmeas = 80 ms NFDD =0 and NGSM =1 => Tmeas = 80 ms NFDD =1 and NGSM =1 => Tmeas = 160 ms

A low value of the measurement cycle length will bring a high system reactivity as the mobilewill be able to update its measurement more often and trigger the cell reselection proceduretoward the best inter-RAT or inter-freq cell with a minimum delay however, it will cause a hightraffic interruption as during measurement occasions, the UE is not listening to the activefrequency, and may jeopardize intra-freq cell reselection if the Sintersearch and SRATlist are notwell tuned.

The interruption time ratio can be calculated as follow: Interruption ratio = 1/M_REPThe measurement reporting period is: 200ms for intra frequency cells 480ms for inter RAT cells N*480ms for inter frequency cells (N is the number of FDD frequencies).

For more details about measurement please refer to UTRAN_R3_3G2G algo document.

The default value of FACH measurement occasion cycle length is 3. however, if one want totune this parameter, it could be interesting to test the following values

4 and 5 in case of NFDD =0 or NGSM =0

4 in case ofN

FDD =1 andN

GSM =1 (both GSM and inter-frequency neighbors)

The table below summarizes measurements performed in idle and Cell-FACH, on the serving cell,intra-freq cells and inter-freq cells.

Inter-freq results are computed In idle for Ncarrier =2, In Cell-FACH with measurement occasions for FACH measurement occasion cycle length

coefficient=3, NTTI =1, NFreq,FDD=1, NFDD =1 and NGSM =0.


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serving intra-freq inter-RAT inter-freq

idle (minimum DRX cycle=3) 0.08 0.64 2.36 0.64

idle (DRX cycle=6) 0.64 1.28 5.12 1.28

idle (maximum DRX cycle=9) 5.12 5.12 10.24 5.12

cell_FACH with dual receiver 0.2 0.2 0.48 0.48

cell_FACH with measurement occasions 0.2 0.2 0.48 0.48

cell_DCH with dual receiver 0.2 0.2 0.48 0.48

cell_DCH with compressed mode 0.2 0.2 0.48 0.48

maximum Layer 1 measurement period

Table 4: summary of the periodicity of the UE measurements

1.5 CELL RESELECTION CRITERIA

The UE is camped on a particular cell and it is either in idle mode or Cell-FACH mode. The UEcomputes cell reselection criteria based on radio measurements of the monitored cells in orderto find a better cell to camp on. Cell reselection is performed on the best-ranked cell among allthe monitored cells, which fulfil criterion S.Parameter Comment Domain Range Step Acces

sExample

Cell Selection

and reselectionquality

measure

This parameters defines

the measurement (CPICHEc/N0 or CPICH RSCP) touse as quality measure Qfor FDD cells during cell

reselection

Cell

Control

CPICH

Ec/NoCPICHRSCP

RNO CPICH Ec/No

Qhysts1 Hysteresis value added toCPICH RSCP of the servingcell during cellselection/reselection. It isused to avoid ping-pongeffect.

CellDesign

0 to 40dB

2 RNO 2 dB

Qhysts2 Hysteresis value added to

the CPICH Ec/N0 of theserving cell during cellselection/reselection. It isused to avoid ping-pongeffect.

Cell

Design

0 to 40

dB

2 RNO 2 dB

Qoffset_sn Offset defined peradjacency and subtractedfrom the CPICH RSCP ofeach neighbouring cell:used to limit the numberof inter LAC or Inter RACreselections and thusdecrease signalling.

Adjacency

-50 to 50dB

1 RNO Inter LAC : 3Inter PLMN :3Inter RAC : 3Intra RAC : 1None : 0

Qoffset2_sn Offset defined peradjacency and subtractedfrom the CPICH Ec/N0 ofeach neighbouring cell:used to limit the numberof inter LAC or Inter RACreselections and thusdecrease signalling.

Adjacency -50 to 50dB 1 RNO Inter LAC : 3Inter PLMN :3Inter RAC : 3Intra RAC : 1

None : 0

Qoffset_snGSM Offset defined peradjacency and subtractedfrom the GSM carrier RSSIof each GSM neighbouringcell.

GSMAdjacency

-50 to 50dB

1 RNO 50 dB


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Parameter Comment Domain Range Step Access

Example

GSMQrxlevmin Minimum requiredaverage received signallevel in the GSM cell.

GSM cell -115 to 25 dBm

2 RNO -101 dBm

GSMMaxAllowUlTxPower

Maximum allowed ULtransmit power in GSM.

GSM cell -50 to 33dBm

1 RNO 33 dBm

Treselection Time-to-trigger for cell

reselection. The cellreselection is valid only ifthe criteria R was verifiedduring the timeTreselection

Cell

Control

0 to 31s 1 RNO 1s

Cell Selection and reselection quality measure

This parameter defines the measurement (CPICH Ec/N0 or CPICH RSCP) to use as qualitymeasure Q for FDD cells during intra FDD cell reselection (intra frequency and inter frequencycell reselection). Whatever the value CPICH RSCP criterion is always checked. If the parameter is set to CPICH RSCP, only CPICH RSCP criterion is checked, If the parameter is set to CPICH Ec/No, first CPICH RSCP criterion is checked, then CPICH

Ec/No criterion is checked.

For inter RAT cell reselection, we use always the CPICH RSCP criterion regardless the value ofthis parameter.

The recommended ALCATEL value is CPICH Ec/Io. It allows reselecting the cell offering the bestquality. However, CPICH RSCP could be useful For inter frequency reselection (case of frontier area between two constructors using

different frequencies): in this case the is less inter-cell interference because neighbour cellsare using different frequency than the active one. Therefore, the CPICH RSCP is the limitingcriterion.

In case of inter LAC/RAC areas as the RSCP measurements are more accurate and offer moretuning range than Ec/Io. In such areas we should limit the number of reselection to avoid

high signalling volume as each reselection will be followed by LA/RA update procedure.

Qhysts1

Hysteresis is added to CPICH RSCP of the serving cell during cell selection/reselection. It is usedto avoid ping-pong effect. ALCATEL recommended value is 2dB that correspond to 4dBhysteresis as illustrated in the figure below:

CPICH_RSCP_cell2 - CPICH_RSCP_cell1

Selected cell

Qhysts1-Qhysts1

Total hysteresis

Cell 1

Cell 2

Figure 2: total hysteresis engendered by Qhysts1 (with Qoffset = 0)


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This parameter is used for all types of cell reselection (intra frequency, inter frequency and interRAT). The Qoffset_sn parameter can be adjusted per adjacency to adapt the Qhyst.

Qhysts2

Hysteresis is added to CPICH Ec/No of the serving cell during cell selection/reselection. It is usedto avoid ping-pong effect. This parameter is broadcast only if the cell selection/reselectionquality measure is set to CPICH Ec/No. ALCATEL recommended value is 2dB that correspond to4dB hysteresis.

This parameter is used for intra and inter-frequency cell reselection. Qoffset2_sn can be adjustedper adjacency to adapt the Qhysts.

Qoffset_sn

Offset defined per adjacency and subtracted from the CPICH RSCP of each neighbouring cell:used to limit the number of reselections and especially inter LAC or Inter RAC reselections andthus decrease signalling.

ALCATEL default value is: 3dB for inter LAC/RAC/PLMN. With Qhysts1 set to 2dB, the UE will reselect an inter RAC/LAC

cell only when its CPICH RSCP is 5dB better than the active cell one; which correspond to a

total Hysteresis of 10dB (=(2+3)x2).. 0dB for other adjacencies With Qhysts1 set to 2dB, the UE will reselect a target cell if its

CPICH RSCP is 2dB higher than the source cell one.

Qoffset2_sn

Offset defined per adjacency and subtracted from the CPICH Ec/No of each neighbouring cell:used to limit the number of reselections and especially inter LAC or Inter RAC reselections andthus decrease signaling. This parameter is broadcasted only if the cell selection/reselectionquality measure is set to CPICH Ec/No.

ALCATEL default value is: 2dB for inter LAC/RAC/PLMN which correspond to a total Hysteresis of 8dB (=(2+2)x2). It

means that the UE will reselect an inter RAC/LAC cell only when its CPICH Ec/No is 5dB betterthan the active cell one. 0dB for other adjacencies so the UE will reselect a target cell if its CPICH Ec/No is 2dB higher

than the source cell one.


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Qoffset_snGSM

This offset is defined per adjacency and subtracted from the GSM carrier RSSI of each GSMneighbouring cell. The recommended value is +50dB (maximum value) to reduce the intersystem reselection signalling and to keep the UE under 3G coverage while S criterion is fulfilled.

Treselection

The UE shall reselect the new cell only if its better ranked than the serving cell during the time

interval Treselection. A high value will help to reduce ping-pong effect but it will delay thereselection procedure. This parameter should be set taking into account the DRX cycle lengthvalue as it defines the measurements periodicity in idle mode.

The Treselection default value is 1s. So when using a DRX cycle length of 7, the measurementperiodicity in idle mode is 1.28s and is higher than the Treselection value which means that thereselection procedure will be based only on 1 measurement and it will be 1s delayed.Theoretically, in this case we should set the Treselection to 0s but we avoid this as it can beinterpreted as a special value by some UE, which can lead to some misbehaviours (UE-specificimplementation). Moreover, Treselection is used also for reselection in Cell-FACH state in whichthe measurement period is 200ms so with a 1s value, the reselection criteria will be checkedover 5 measurement periods.

A higher value (3s) could be used in specific areas (inter LAC/RAC, border area) to reducesignalling volume generated by Location Update procedures.

GSMQrxlevmin

Minimum required average received signal level in the GSM cell.

ALCATEL recommend the same value as in 2G network, e.g. -101dBm.

GSMQrxlevmin should be consistent with the matching GSM parameter RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN.

GSMMaxAllowUlTxPower

Maximum allowed UL transmit power in GSM.

ALCATEL recommend the same value as in 2G network, e.g. 33dBm.GSMMaxAllowUlTxPower should be consistent with the matching GSM parameterMS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH.

1.6 RNO INDICATORS AND TRACE ANALYSIS

1.6.1 RNO INDICATORS

The cell reselection procedure is controlled by the UE and there is no direct indicator for 3G-to-2G reselection, as this procedure is transparent for the UTRAN. However, the performances forcell reselection and 3G-to-2G reselection have an obvious impact on the RRC connection successrate especially for 3G cells in the border area or with a coverage hole.

Indicator Description

RRC_connect_succ_rate_registerThis indicator reports the success rate of RRC connectionswith cause 'Registration'.

RRC_connection_success_rateThis indicator reports the rate of successful RRC connectionrequests.

More relevant statistics/indicators are available at CN level: Number of LAU and RAU LAU and RAU success rates Paging efficiency


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CN statistics could also be used to benchmark different UE vendors by following thecorresponding IMSIs (friendly users for example) and extracting the corresponding LAU and RAUstatistics.If more accurate statistics are needed, its strongly recommended to perform drivetests and to use Iu and Iub traces.

1.6.2 TRACE ANALYSIS

As described above, its strongly recommended to perform drive tests and to make statisticsbased on UE and Iu/Iub traces.

The drive tests could be performed with Repetitive mobile originating calls (30s call duration with 30s pause between consecutive

calls) Repetitive mobile terminating calls (30s call duration with 30s pause between consecutive

calls) Idle mode Cell-FACH stateThe following indicators should be monitored MOC call success rate MTC call success rate % of time spent in 2G and % calls established in 2G Number of 3G to 2G reselections 3G to 2G reselection procedure time duration RRC connection success rate DRX cycle failure rate (Qualcomm CAIT log, indicating DRX cycles, for which the UE can not

read PICH indications)

On Iu/Iub and A/Abis traces we can get statistics on RAU and LAU procedures Paging efficiency RRC connection success rate RRC repetition rate


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2 CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3GThe algorithm is described in the 3GPP TS05.08. As the Alcatel UTRAN may be neighboured witha BSS of any constructor, we start with 3GPP description, then we focus on Alcatel B8 BSSimplementation.

Multi-RAT User Equipment camping on 2G, or attached to GPRS on 2G may measure 3G cells.Reselection of the 3G cells may be under control of the UE or the network. In GMM Standbystate, and packet idle mode, cell-reselection is performed by UE. In GMM Ready state, cell-reselection is either performed by UE or controlled by network. This is indicated by theparameter NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER. The meaning of the different parameter values isspecified as follows: NC0 - Normal MS control: The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection. NC1- MS control with measurement reports: The MS shall send measurement reports to the

network. The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection. NC2 - Network control: The MS shall send measurement reports to the network. The MS shall

only perform autonomous cell re-selection when the reselection is triggered by a downlinksignaling failure or a random access failure.

RESET - The MS shall return to the broadcast parameters. Only sent on PCCCH or PACCH.

The parameter values NC1 and NC2 only apply in Ready state. In Standby state, the MS shallalways use normal MS control independent of the ordered NC mode.

2.1 CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G UNDER UE CONTROL

At SGSN level, the UE is either in: Idle state, the subscriber is not attached to the SGSN. The UE in GMM idle state monitors SI

(system information) broadcast on the BCCH. GMM Standby state (the UE is not transmitting data), GMM Ready State (the UE is transmitting data or has just transmitted data) and

NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER=NC0 or NC1.

If PBCCH is activated and if the UE is PBCCH capable, the UE in GMM standby or ready statemonitors PSI (Packet System Information) broadcast on the PBCCH. Otherwise, the UE in GMMstandby or ready state monitors SI (system information) broadcast on the BCCH.

Qsearch_I, Qsearch_P

Qsearch_I and Qsearch_P define the 2G received level average threshold for 3G neighboursmeasurements when the UE monitors BCCH or PBCCH.

The UE monitoring BCCH searches for 3G cells: Either when RLA_C (Received Level Average) of the serving cell is below Qsearch_I, Qsearch_I

belongs to [-98dBm ; -74dBm], Or when RLA_C (Received Level Average) of the serving cell is above Qsearch_I, Qsearch_I

belongs to [-78dBm ; -54 dBm], Or always, Or never.

The UE monitoring PBCCH searches for 3G cells: Either when RLA_P (Received Level Average) of the serving cell is below Qsearch_P,

Qsearch_P belongs to [-98dBm ; -74dBm], Or when RLA_P (Received Level Average) of the serving cell is above Qsearch_P, Qsearch_P

belongs to [-78dBm ; -54 dBm], Or always, Or never.


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The table below gives the coding rule for these two parameters.0 = -98 dBm1 = -94 dBm2 = -90 dBm3 = -86 dBm4 = -82 dBm5 = -78 dBm

6 = -74 dBm7 (always)8 = -78 dBm9 = -74 dBm10 = -70 dBm11 = -66 dBm12 = -62 dBm13 = -58 dBm14 = -54 dBm15 (never)

Table 5: Qsearch_I and Qsearch_P codind values

Qsearch_I is sent in system information SI 2ter or SI 2quater depending on BSS constructor. Qsearch_P is sent in system information Packet SI 3 quarter, or Packet Measurement Order or

Packet Cell Change Order messages. In ALCATEL BSS Qsearch is broadcast in SI2ter on BCCH (Qsearch_I) and in PSI 3quater on

PBCCH (Qsearch_P) if there is a PBCCH allocated in the serving cell.

The default UE value if Qsearch_I is not sent in system information is 15 (never).

When Qsearch_I=7 (infinity), UE shall always measure 3G cells.

Until now, operators traffic strategy is to keep the 3G mobiles under 3G-coverage, while itspossible and the UE shall go back to 3G cells, as soon as a 3G suitable cell is detected. So, therecommended value is always: when the UE is camped on a 2G cell, it shall always search for3G cells.

FDD_Qmin

FDD_Qmin is the minimum quality threshold for cell reselection. FDD_Qmin is sent in system information SI 2ter or SI 2quater depending on BSS constructor. FDD_Qmin is sent in system information Packet SI 3 quarter or Packet Measurement Order or

Packet Cell Change Order messages. In ALCATEL BSS it is broadcast in SI2ter on BCCH and in PSI 3quater on PBCCH if there is a

PBCCH allocated in the serving cell.The default UE value if FDD_Qmin is not sent in systeminformation is 7 (-12 dB).

The table below gives the coding rule for this parameter.

0 = -20 dB1 = -6 dB2 = -18 dB3 = -8 dB4 = -16 dB5 = -10 dB6 = -14 dB7 = -12 dB


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Table 6: FDD_Qmin coding values

FDD_Qmin should be consistent with Qqualmin parameter setting.

To avoid ping-pong effect and to reduce signalling volume, generated by location updateprocedure following eac inter system reselection, ALCATEL recommend to set this parameter asfollow:

FDD_Qmin = Qqualmin+4dB.

FDD_Qoffset and FDD_GPRS_Qoffset

FDD_Qoffset and FDD_GPRS_Qoffset are offset applied to the Received Level Average beforechecking the cell reselection criterion when the UE monitors BCCH or PBCCH.

In ALCATEL BSS, its broadcast in SI2ter on BCCH (FDD_Qoffset) and in PSI 3quater on PBCCH(FDD_GPRS_Qoffset) if there is a PBCCH allocated in the serving cell

The table below gives the coding rule for this parameter.0 (always select a cell if acceptable)1 = -28 dB2 = -24 dB

3 = -20 dB4 = -16 dB5 = -12 dB6 = -8 dB7 = -4 dB8 = 0 dB9 = 4 dB10 = 8 dB11 = 12 dB12 = 16 dB13 = 20 dB

14 = 24 dB15 = 28 dB

Table 7: FDD_Qoffset and FDD_GPRS_Qoffset coding values

FDD_Qoffset is sent in system information SI 2ter or SI 2quater depending on BSS constructor. The default UE value if FDD_Qoffset is not sent in system information is 8 (0 dB). FDD_GPRS_Offset is sent in system information Packet SI 3 quarter or Packet Measurement

Order or Packet Cell Change Order messages.

FDD_Qoffset and FDD_GPRS_Qoffset should be consistent with Qoffset_snGSM.

The default value is 0, which means that the UE will reselect a 3G cell, as soon as its quality is

above FDD_Qmin, regardless the received level of the 2G serving cell. This value is consistentwith the recommended Qoffset_snGSM one (set to maximum value = +50dB).


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2.2 CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G UNDER NETWORK CONTROL:IMPLEMENTATION IN ALCATEL B8 BSS

In GMM Idle and Standby state, the cell reselection is under UE control. In GMM Ready state,either the cell reselection is under UE control or there is no cell reselection possible from 2G to3G.

Alcatel does not advise 3G cells measurements while the UE is in Packet Transfer Mode (impliesGMM Ready state). Indeed, the UE could interrupt its data transfer frequently for monitoring 3G

neighbour cells and a degradation of throughput is observed while the UE is performingmeasurements on 3G cells.

Alcatel B8 BSS only enables mobile autonomous GSM to UMTS cell reselection. NC2 is notavailable for inter-RAT cells, thus preventing the multi-RAT UE from searching for UMTS FDD cellswhile the UE is in GMM ready state and in NC2 mode.

3G search deactivation introduced in Alcatel BSS B8 prevents the multi-RAT UE from searchingfor UMTS FDD cells while the UE is in GMM ready state and in NC0 mode.

Parameter Comment Domain Range Step Access Example

NETWORK_CON

TROL_ORDER

Defines whether the UE or

the BSS controls the cellreselections.

GSM cell 0: NC0

2: NC2 for R99onwards UE3: NC2 for all UE

enum RNO 0

NC2_DEACTIVATION_MODE

Defines whether or notthe Packet MeasurementOrder with a ResetCommand is sent at theend of a packet transfer.

GSM cell 0: NC2deactivation atthe end of the

packet transfer,PMO is sent

1: NC2deactivation atthe expiry of

the GMM Readytimer, PMO is

not sent

enum RNO 0

EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELEC

TION

Enables/Disables the GSMto UTRAN FDD cellreselections and definesthe 3G-search activationmode for MS in GMMReady state.

GSM cell 0: Disabled1: Enabled with

3G searchactivated while

the UE is inGMM ready

state2: Enabled with

3G searchdeactivated

while the UE isin GMM ready

state

enum RNO 2

FDD_ARFCN_LIST

List of neighbour FDDUTRAN frequencies0 = 0.0 MHz, 1 = 0.2 MHz,... , 16383 = 3276.6 MHz.The value of -1 indicatesthat no UTRAN frequencyis provided.

BSS 0 to 3276,6 0.2MHz

RNO 10786


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NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER

Defines whether the UE or the BSS controls the cell reselections.

NC2_DEACTIVATION_MODE

Defines whether or not the Packet Measurement Order with a Reset Command is sent at the endof a packet transfer.

EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTIONEnables/Disables the GSM to UTRAN FDD cell reselections and defines the 3G-search activationmode for MS in GMM Ready state.

FDD_ARFCN_LIST

List of neighbour FDD UTRAN frequencies: 0 = 0.0 MHz, 1 = 0.2 MHz, ... , 16383 = 3276.6 MHz.The value of -1 indicates that no UTRAN frequency is provided.

Note that in UMTS FDD mode the DL frequency is in the range [2110MHz:2170MHz]. TheFDD_ARFCN_LIST corresponding range is [10550:10850].

2.3 RNO INDICATORS AND TRACES ANALYSIS2.3.1 RNO INDICATORS

The cell reselection procedure is controlled by the UE and in RNO there is only one directindicator for 2G-to-3G reselection. However, the cell reselection and 2G to 3G re-selectionperformances have an obvious impact on the RRC connection success rate especially for 3Gcells in the border area or with a coverage hole.

Indicator Description

RRC_connect_succ_rate_registerThis indicator reports the success rate of RRC connectionswith cause 'Registration'.

RRC_connection_success_rateThis indicator reports the rate of successful RRC connectionrequests.

RRC_connect_succ_rate_interRAT

This indicator reports the success rate of RRC connectionswith cause 'Inter-RAT cell re-selection' or 'Inter-RAT cellchange order'.

RRC_connect_req_interRATThis indicator reports the number of RRC connectionrequests with cause 'Inter-RAT cell re-selection' or 'Inter-RATcell change order'.

More relevant statistics/indicators are available at CN level: Number of LAU and RAU LAU and RAU success rates Paging efficiency

CN statistics could also be used to benchmark different UE vendors by analyzing the LAU andRAU statistics. With IMSI-trace for friendly users and target testers With IMEI-trace for all mobiles from one vendor

If more accurate statistics are needed, it is strongly recommended to perform drive tests and touse Iu/Iub and A/Abis traces.

2.3.2 TRACE ANALYSIS

As described above, its strongly recommended to perform drive tests and to make statisticsbased on UE and Iu/Iub traces.The drive tests could be performed with


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Repetitive mobile originating calls (30s call duration with 30s pause between consecutivecalls)

Repetitive mobile terminating calls (30s call duration with 30s pause between consecutivecalls)

Idle mode Cell-FACH stateThe following indicators should be monitored MOC set-up success rate MTC set-up success rate % Time spent in 2G and % calls established in 2G Number of 3G to 2G reselections 3G to 2G reselection procedure time duration RRC connection success rate DRX cycle failure rate

On Iu/Iub and A/Abis traces we can get statistics on RAU and LAU procedures Paging efficiency RRC connection success rate RRC repetition rate

To evaluate the ping-pong effect, it could be useful to perform some tests in static conditions(indoor environment). Note also that the RNO indicator for RRC connection requests with causeinter-RAT reselections from 04:00AM to 06:00AM (time frame, where almost all UEs are in staticconditions) gives an idea on the 3G-2G reselection ping-pong effect.


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3 COMPRESSED MODEThe compressed mode is a mechanism allowing creation of idle period in radio frame in order toleave some time for the UE to perform some measurement on other frequencies, without losingdata on the current frequency. Compressed mode pattern parameters are specified in 3GPPTS25.215.

3.1 COMPRESSED MODE METHOD

Parameter Comment Domain Range Step AccessSF_reduction_method_t

hresholdThis parameter defines thethreshold on the SF used to selectthe scrambling code type(same/alternative) duringcompressed mode

Network SF4,SF8,SF16,SF32,SF64,SF128,SF256

enum RNO

CMPattern.DeltaSIR1 Delta in DL SIR target value to beset in the UE/Node B during the

frame containing the start of thefirst transmission gap in thetransmission gap pattern(withoutincluding the effect of the bit-rateincrease).

Network 0-3 dB 0.1 RNO

CMPattern.DeltaSIRafter1

Delta in DL SIR target value to beset in the UE/Node B one frameafter the frame containing the startof the first transmission gap in thetransmission gap pattern.

Network 0-3 dB 0.1 RNO

CMPattern.TGCFN This parameter defines theconnection frame number of thefirst frame of the first pattern withinthe transmission gap patternsequence.

Network 0-255frames

1 RNO

CMPattern.TGL1 This parameter defines the lengthof the transmission gap within thetransmission gap pattern.

Network 3,4,5,7,10,14slots

enum RNO

CMPattern.TGPL1 This parameter defines the durationof transmission gap pattern innumber of frames.

Network 1-144frames

1 RNO

CMPattern.NidentifyAbort

This parameter defines themaximum number of repeat thatthe UE shall use to attempt todecode the unknown BSIC of GSM

cell in the initial BSIC identificationprocedure (Mandatory for InitialBSIC identification only).

Network 1-128 1 RNO

CMPattern.TreconfirmAbort

This parameter indicates themaximum time allowed for thereconfirmation of the BSIC of oneGSM cell in the BSIC reconfirmationprocedure (Mandatory for BSICreconfirmation only).

Network 0.5-10s

0.5 RNO

RPP Recovery Period Power controlmode during the frame after thetransmission gap within thecompressed frame. Indicates

whether normal PC mode or

Network Mode0Mode1

enum OD


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Parameter Comment Domain Range Step Accesscompressed PC mode is applied

ITP Initial Transmit Power is the uplinkpower control method to be used tocompute the initial transmit powerafter the compressed mode gap

Network Mode0Mode1

enum OD

SF_reduction_method_threshold

In R3 release, the compressed mode is done via the reduction of SF, which consists in reducingthe spreading factor, by two during compressed frames, so as to transmit the same amount ofinformation in half the time, but with much more power. SF/2 method is implemented in thisrelease for both uplink and downlink.

Figure 3: compressed mode mechanism

SF/2 is used only for compressed frames; uncompressed frames are transmitted with SF.

Reduction of SF is implemented with 2 options: Same scrambling code option: SF/2 channelisation code reservation at the compressed mode

configuration time, recommended for low rates services, Alternative scrambling code option: alternative-scrambling code is derived from the normal

one according to 3GPP, recommended for high rate services.

In uplink, as the UE may use the whole channelisation code tree of its dedicated scramblingcode, same scrambling code method is applied. In case the UL DPCH has been configured witha "UL Minimum SF" equal to 4, the SF reduction method cannot be used. In such case, the RNCshall not configure compressed mode for this UE.

In downlink, the same scrambling code option is selected if the SF is higher than theSF_reduction_method_threshold. Otherwise, the alternative scrambling code method isselected.

Each option in downlink presents disadvantages: Same scrambling code method implies that a channelisation code with a lower SF than

required during normal frames, need to be reserved for the compressed frame, whichincreases the risk of code shortage. In this release, when same scrambling code method is

used, the RNC assigns systematically two channelization codes at connection establishmentwhether compressed mode is needed or not: 1st of size SF to support requested RAB, for instance 128 for AMR, used for normal frames. 2nd of SF/2, father of the 1st one, for instance 64 for AMR, used for compressed frames.

Alternative scrambling code method, the signal during the compressed frame will no longerbe orthogonal to other signals from the same cell, and this may lead to some extra intra-cellinterference. However, there is no need to reserve a channelisation code with a lower SFthan required during normal frames.

The recommended value for SF_reduction_method_threshold is 8, which means that the samescrambling code method is used except for PS384 service. So there will be no extra intra cellinterference but we may have a code shortage in case of traffic increase.


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In case of code shortage, the SF reduction method threshold could be set to 64 so that the codereservation is done only for AMR and PS 32kbps. However, as this configuration has never beentested in the field, its strongly recommended to perform preliminary tests on experimentalzone to evaluate the impact/gain before generalization on the whole commercial network.

Note: as there is no RNO indicators on the code usage, its difficult to detect the code shortagewithout taking RNC or Iu/Iub traces.

3.2 COMPRESSED MODE PATTERN

The main parameters for TGPS (Transmission Gap Pattern Sequence) are:

TG pattern

#1

TG pattern

#2

TG pattern

#TGPRC

#TGSN

#TGL

#TGPL

Transmission gap

#TGCFN

Figure 4: compressed mode pattern (at frame level)

A specific (TGPS) is configured for each measurement: GSM Initial BSIC identification, GSM BSIC reconfirmation, GSM carrier RSSI,

From 1 to 4 GSM cells From 5 to 6 GSM cells From 7 to 12 GSM cells

Other FDD carrier RSSI.

Three different patterns are defined to measure GSM carrier RSSI depending on the number ofcells to be monitored. The RNC shall take into account only the cells which require compressedmode to select the CM pattern.

The inter-frequency measurements request the activation of one transmission gap patternsequence. The inter-RAT measurements (with BSIC verification) request the activation of threesimultaneous pattern sequences: one for the measurement of the GSM carrier RSSI, one for theinitial BSIC identification and one for the BSIC reconfirmation.

To be able to perform simultaneous inter-frequency and inter-RAT handover, four patternsequences are activated in parallel.

Note that its strongly recommended to use ALCATEL default values as they were optimizedbased on simulations and tested on the field. In case one is asked to modify this setting for aspecific issue, its mandatory to perform preliminary tests on the LAB/model network before

introducing it in the commercial network.


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CMPattern.TGCFN

TGCFN (Transmission Gap Connection Frame Number) defines the CFN of the first frame of thefirst pattern within the transmission gap pattern sequence. This parameter can be used to delaythe activation of a specific pattern in case of multiple CM patterns activation: for GSMmeasurements, we activate 3 parallel CM patterns. To be sure that the UE will verify the BSIC ofthe best GSM cell, we activate first the GSM RSSI measurement pattern and then we activate theBSIC patterns after a delay of some measurement periods (i.e. 480ms) so that the mobile couldperform at least one RSSI measurement sample on the GSM neighbours before starting the BSICverification and that can avoid the case where the UE reports a MR3a for the first measured GSMcell which is not the best one. In the other hand, this configuration introduces a delay in the HHOprocedure and that can lead to some drops in case of fast degradation of radio conditions.

Hereafter a general configuration rule of TGCFN for GSM measurement patterns assuming aTGPL of 24 frames: CMPattern.TGCFN for RSSI measurements = 4 CMPattern.TGCFN for BSIC verification = 12 + N*48 CMPattern.TGCFN for BSIC reconfirmation = 20 + N*48

48 is the GSM measurements reporting period in number of frames (i.e. 480ms).

N*48 is the pattern activation delay (multiple of LCM(48,24)=48).

We can note also that with the recommended configuration, in case of simultaneous presence ofinter-RAT and inter-frequency monitored cells, which means that the 4 CM patterns will beactivated in parallel, the inter-frequency pattern will start about 1 s before the BSIC verification.In other words, this is a way to prioritise inter-frequency HHO.

TGSN

TGSN (or Nfirst) (Transmission Gap Starting slot Number) is the slot number of the transmissiongap slot within the first frame of the first pattern within the TGPS, this parameter is configurablein OD but not in RNO, default values are: 0 when TGL = 7 (single frame method) 8 when TGL = 10 or 14 (double frame method).

Note that TGPS with one gap only are used.This parameter is not configurable in RNO.

CMPattern.TGPL1 & CMPattern.TGL1

TGPL (Transmission Gap Pattern Length) is the duration of the transmission gap pattern innumber of frames.

TGL (Transmission Gap Length) is the length of the transmission gap within the transmission gappattern in number of slots.

The TGPL and TGL have to be configured taking into account the following constraints to avoidoverlapping of compressed frames:

Constraint 1: If the UE uses compressed mode for inter-frequency and/or inter-RATmeasurements, in order for the 3GPP requirements regarding the measurements in Cell-DCHstate to apply, the UTRAN must provide transmission gap pattern sequences with TGPL>1and ensure that with the activation of several transmission gap pattern sequences inparallel, no more than two frames contain a transmission gap within any window of threeconsecutive frames.

Constraint 2: During the measurement period (480 ms), the UE must acquire three RSSIsamples per cell

Constraint 3: A minimum of 8 slots between the end of the first transmission gap and thebeginning of the second transmission gap must be ensured in case of two successive

compressed frames.


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Constraint 4: The inter-frequency handover requests the activation of one transmission gappattern sequence. The inter-RAT handover (with BSIC verification) requests the activation ofthree simultaneous pattern sequences: one for the measurement of the GSM carrier RSSI,one for the initial BSIC identification and one for the BSIC reconfirmation.

Note: Despite it requires more decoding time from the UE and it complicates the compressedmode, the BSIC has to be verified in order to avoid the risk that the UE measures an RSSIactually resulting from another cell than the one the SRNC indicates, and then later tries ahandover to the wrong cell.

The consequence is that to be able to configure simultaneous inter-frequency and inter-RATmeasurements, the UTRAN shall be able to activate four pattern sequences in parallel.

The TGL and TGPL parameters configuration is a trade-off between measurements acquisitionand the compressed mode time.

To configure TGL and TGPL parameters we should take into account the following metrics Time to identify a new FDD inter-frequency cell Time to measure 6 FDD inter-frequency cells Number of FDD inter-frequency carriers (up to 2 carriers in R3) Time to identify a GSM carrier

Time to reconfirm a GSM carrier Number of GSM cells (up to 12 in R3)

The time to identify a new FDD inter-frequency cell and the time to measure 6 FDD inter-frequency cells are given below. Tidentify_inter(ms)=Max{5000,800*Nfreq*1/r} Tmeasure_inter(ms)=Max{480,50*Nfreq*1/r}

Where Nfreq is the number of FDD inter-frequency carriers R is the compressed mode ratio and its function of TGL, TGPL and frame type.

The table below gives the compressed mode performances function of TGL and TGPL for bestcase (DL frame type A & SF4) and worst case (DL frame type B &SF256).

TGPLTGL

CM ratio(%)

T_identify T_measureWorst

Case (in s)Best Case

(in s)Worst

Case (in s)Best Case

(in s)6 7 5.2 15.3 13.1 1 0.86 10 8.6 9.4 8.5 0.6 0.56 14 13 6.2 5.8 0.5 0.58 7 3.9 20.5 17.5 1.3 1.18 10 6.4 12.5 11.3 0.8 0.78 14 9.8 8.2 7.7 0.5 0.510 7 3.1 25.6 21.9 1.6 1.410 10 5.1 15.6 14.1 1 0.9

10 14 7.8 10.3 9.6 0.7 0.6

So we can see that ALCATEL default values for TGL and TGPL TGPL=8 and TGL=14offer a goodtrade-off between the measurements acquisition duration and system performances.However, it could be interesting to test the following configurations:

TGPL=6 & TGL=14 to reduce the T_identify if the CM activation ratio is low. As the CMratio with this configuration is 13% (in stead of 9.8% with default configuration), this setting maydegrade the system performances especially if the CM activation ratio is high.

TGPL=8 & TGL=10 to reduce the CM ratio (i.e. time spent in CM) however, this willdegrade the HHO success rate as the measurement time will be increased. This configurationmay be used in case of high CM activation rate .


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In the same way, the 3GPP standard gives the number of GSM RSSI sample a UE is able toperform in 1 CM gap according to the TGL value:

TGL Number of GSM carrier RSSI samples in each gap.

3 1

4 2

5 3

7 6

10 10

14 15

Assuming that the UE needs to perform 3 GSM RSSI samples per measurement period (480ms),the table below gives for a given TGPL and a given number of GSM cells to be measured, thenecessary TGL:

Number ofGSM cells

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

TGPL=8 3 3 4 4 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7TGPL=16 3 4 5 7 7 7 10 10 10 10 14 14TGPL=24 4 5 7 7 10 10 14 14 14 14

In case of setting the TGPL to 24, the maximum number of GSM cell that the UE could monitorsimultaneously within 480ms is 10 (when using the maximum TGL value). In this case, when theUE has to monitor more than 10 GSM cells, the reporting interval is a multiple of 480ms.

According to the table above, we can use three (TGL, TGPL) configurations depending on thenumber of 2G monitored cells: (TGPL=24 and TGL=7) to monitor up to 4 2G cells (TGPL=24 and TGL=10) to monitor 5 or 6 2G cells (TGPL=24 and TGL=14) to monitor between 7 and 12 2G cells.

In this case, the RNC will configure/reconfigure the CM patterns according to the 2G monitored

set size.If requested by the costumer, one can test the following configurations:TGPL=24 & TGL=14 for the three patterns regardless the 2G monitored set size. This

configuration avoids reconfiguring the CM pattern when the 2G monitored set size is modified(update after SHO). At the other hand, this will increase the CM time ratio and thus degrade thesystem performances. To use only if there is too many CM reconfiguration (that can lead to calldrops) and the CM activation ratio is not very high.

TGPL=24 and TGL=10 to monitor more than 5 cells (i.e same setting for 2nd and 3rd

patterns). This setting allows to reduce the CM time ratio however it will impact the HHO successrate as the GSM measurement period will be increased in case of GSM neighbour set size higherthan 7. to use only if the CM activation ratio is very high. Note that this configuration will alsoreduce the CM reconfiguration occurrence.

TGPRC

TGPRC (Transmission Gap Pattern Repetition Count) is the number of transmission gap patternswithin the TGPS. Since the inter-RAT or inter-freq measurements are stopped on event, thisparameter is set to infinity.

3.3 2G MEASUREMENTS IN COMPRESSED MODE

Three sorts of measurements are required for the inter-RAT handover purpose: For the GSM carrier RSSI, For the GSM Initial BSIC identification, For the GSM BSIC reconfirmation.


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The BSIC of GSM cells has to be verified in order to avoid the risk that the UE measures a RSSIactually resulting from another cell that the one the SRNC indicates, and then later tries ahandover to the wrong cell. The GSM initial BSIC identification and the GSM BSIC reconfirmationare used to acquire the BSIC of the GSM cell. This information completes the ARFCN that is notsufficient to identify the GSM cell without any ambiguity.


In initial BSIC identification, CMPattern.NidentifyAbort defines the maximum number of repeat(number of gaps) that the UE shall use to attempt to decode the BSIC of GSM cell.

The default value is 22. Its a 3GPP value given for the worst-case time for identificationcorresponding to the configuration (TGPL=24 & TGL= 14).

The 3GPP value for other configurations can be found in the table below.

TGL1

[slots]

TGPL1

[frames]

Tidentify abort

[s]

Nidentify_abort

[patterns]

Pattern 1 7 3 1.56 52

Pattern 2 7 8 5.28 66

Pattern 3 14 8 1.84 23

Pattern 4 14 24 5.28 22Pattern 5 10 12 2.88 36

CMPattern.TreconfirmAbort

In the BSIC reconfirmation procedure, CMPattern.TreconfirmAbort indicates the maximum timeallowed for the reconfirmation of the BSIC of one GSM cell.

The default value is 5s. Its a 3GPP recommended value for (TGPL=24 & TGL=14).

The recommended value for the other configurations is given in the table above (same valuethan Tidentify abort).

3.4 DOWNLINK POWER CONTROL IN COMPRESSED MODEThis is described in 3GPP 25.214 and also mentioned in 25.331.

DL TX power and DL SIR target are increased during the compressed frame to keep the quality(BLER) unaffected by the reduced processing gain.

In compressed mode, the target SIR needs to be changed in several frames compared to normalmode. For this purpose, DeltaSIR1, DeltaSIRafter1 are signalled by the UTRAN to the UE.

CMPattern.DeltaSIR1

Delta in DL SIR target value to be set in the UE during the frame containing the start of the firsttransmission gap in the transmission gap pattern(without including the effect of the bit-rateincrease : 3dB increase).

The default value is 0dB, which means that the DL SIR will be increased by 3dB in the firstcompressed frame.

CMPattern.DeltaSIRafter1

Delta in DL SIR target value to be set in the UE one frame after the frame containing the start ofthe first transmission gap in the transmission gap pattern.

The default value is 1.

As the TGSN is set to 0 for TGL=7 and 8 for TGL=10 or 14, the DL SIR in the frame after theframe containing the start of the first TG will be increased by 1dB for CM patterns with TGL=7


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4dB for CM patterns with TGL=10 or 14.

Recovery Period Power control mode

This parameter defines the Recovery Period Power control mode during the frame after thetransmission gap within the compressed frame. It indicates whether normal PC mode orcompressed PC mode is applied.

After a transmission gap in either the uplink or the downlink, the period following resumption of

simultaneous uplink and downlink DPCCH transmission is called a recovery period. RPL is therecovery period length and is expressed as a number of slots. RPL is equal to the minimum valueout of the transmission gap length and 7 slots. If a transmission gap is scheduled to start beforeRPL slots have elapsed, then the recovery period shall end at the start of the gap, and the valueof RPL shall be reduced accordingly.

During the recovery period, 2 modes are possible for the power control algorithm. The RecoveryPeriod Power control mode (RPP) is signalled with the other compressed mode parameters.

The default mode is mode 0 which means that the normal power control will be applied duringRPP period.

The use of RPP mode 1, and as the PCA (Power Control Algorithm) is set to algorithm 1,means that during RPP period we will use a PC step size of 2dB instead of 1dB.

This parameter is not modifiable via RNO.

Initial Transmit Power

Initial Transmit Power is the uplink power control method to be used to compute the initial TXpower after the compressed mode gap. The default value is Mode 0 which means that there isno filtering of the TPC commands.

3.5 DOWNLINK FRAME TYPE

There are two different types of frame structures defined for DL compressed frames. Type Amaximises the transmission gap length and type B is optimised for power control. Higher layers

set the frame structure type A or B at compressed mode configuration (RRC Radio Bearer Setupor RRC Physical Channel Reconfiguration). With frame structure of type A, the pilot field of the last slot in the transmission gap is

transmitted. Transmission is turned off during the rest of the transmission gap. With frame structure of type B, the TPC field of the first slot in the transmission gap and the

pilot field of the last slot in the transmission gap are transmitted. Transmission is turned offduring the rest of the transmission gap.

This parameter is configurable in OD, but not in RNO, default value is DL frame type A.

3.6 COMPRESSED MODE PARAMETERS

Parameter ExamplePattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4 Pattern 5 Pattern 6 Pattern 7InitialBSICidentificationpattern

BSICreconfirmationpattern

GSMcarrier

RSSI cells1 to 4

GSMcarrier

RSSI cells5 to 6

GSMcarrier

RSSI cells7 to 12

One FDDfrequency

Two FDDfrequenci

es

CMPattern.DeltaSIR1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0CMPattern.DeltaSIRafter1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1


22 dummy dummy dummy dummy dummy dummy

CMPattern.TGCFN 108 116 4 4 4 0 0


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CMPattern.TGL1 14 14 7 10 14 14 14CMPattern.TGPL1 24 24 24 24 24 8 8CMPattern.TreconfirmAbort

dummy 5 dummy dummy dummy dummy dummy

3.7 EXAMPLES OF COMPRESSED MODE PATTERNSWith the values given as examples in 3.6Compressed mode Parameters, the different patternsare represented in the figures below.For a UE that performs only inter-frequency measurements, the inter-frequency pattern is atframe and slot level:

Compressedmodeactivation

forinter-freq

SF/2Transmission gap

SF/2

TGPL=8 frames

TGCFN=0

SF/2 compressed frames for inter-freq measurements

TGSN=8

TGL=14 slots

SF uncompressed frames

Compressedmodeactivation

forinter-freq


SF/2

TGPL=8 frames

TGCFN=0


TGSN=8

TGL=14 slots



SF/2

TGPL=8 frames

TGCFN=0


TGSN=8

TGL=14 slots


Figure 5: example of compressed mode pattern for inter-frequency measurements

For a UE that performs inter-RAT measurements, the 3 inter-RAT patterns are activated. It is

assumed that the number of monitored 2G cells is above 5 (double frame method for RSSImeasurements). The frames are sequentially represented below:


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Compressed mode activation for inter-RAT

TGPL=24 frames

TGCFN(GSM carrier RSSI)=4

TGCFN(initial BSIC identification)=108

TGCFN(BSIC reconfirmation)=116

SF/2 compressed frames for GSM carrier RSSI cells 5 to 12 measurements

SF/2 compressed frames for initial BSIC identification

SF/2 compressed frames for BSIC reconfirmation


Compressed mode activation for inter-RAT

TGPL=24 frames



TGCFN(BSIC reconfirmation)=116









Figure 6: example of compressed mode patterns for inter-RAT measurements

For a UE that performs both inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements, the frames are

sequentially represented below:


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Compressed mode activation for both inter-freq and inter-RAT

TGPL(inter-RAT)=24 frames



TGCFN(BSIC reconfirmation)=116TGCFN(inter-freq)=0






TGPL(inter-freq)=8 frames

Compressed mode activation for both inter-freq and inter-RAT

TGPL(inter-RAT)=24 frames



TGCFN(BSIC reconfirmation)=116TGCFN(inter-freq)=0







SF/2 compressed frames for GSM carrier RSSI cells 5 to 12 measu