OIL AND GAS INVESTIGATIONS PRELIMINARY MAP 86

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

COLUMNAR SECTION

-, •*• , • r ' -> j .. r-

CHARACTER OF ROCKS

Bituminous • f t d f t t w ; M » M M

- M f f H t a d

B H v m a u i wjndalwwi madfym «np«fF«borh. Iimom-se alains

S P » - » ; t*Hf, d«nM. thin bfcdded

Br rumKWi a*ftdtfD«a: rch irr pratnartwr becow^f I w i * 1 t o » » c r e t - b i r f d w g « r r w wa to * i n bedded WJidrton* giadm*. aila »>-ti*on> a*d barnan shrit

S w d y ahate; bufi S&tdiiofla; fm*-giained, wrth fcrtuffw*** b*-.di

£S»m4a»*aJid aaody ah»U;. C » T - P > « I S 3 br turr . *w« • h t * c o n t » f l i n r OfttfcdKt* M M M | cafertacrjnrtals S U t ^ f n r C"rt'-:odi c m w i t i d wrtf brtunw"

H S*ndy ahala tP aiftrtwra; bv^f to Ban

Brtuminou* aandftor*; efMa-baddtrf

5 i - d j «ha*K b u f f t o f n y

Dokxrribc liffwrtDTiB: ffow, d « i » aligfttlsr brtwminiHia

Sha*a; P M P * w > * • * * n r * t t fv * . hutt

Lin94*1 nna: Wbwninout plant ar=d boM-f ia« i r4f lU

S * * * |T**n BJtMntfiou. aandftcrw; taa* irp pregnaUnn S H*1oft*; brawn t» tan Dolwrrta; d i p . t l * b r tu iwowt

S*ndH»ia : Ihui-lwdfl^d, wich V - f n i ^ t b w M r i w r r f r * " ^ * !

^ t u m ^ O J i « * n d * t * w i ewtnaeoda »v U B P K 2'. I ' 0* p a * V—n w * i t * rmdd4*

Sh*J«; p r f w i a * ' * r i * " > * «<* gray

Si r •: i • -.-- =. buff Sha**; (Ta j r *™** !

Brtumuwu* wndston* m t h o*1r«od*; madium W nc* im-ptaenatiwi n t t r i w d d M tha**. acattartd fis* *btlai

Sandy •*•*•;. B^jf-xnwn w*th purpt*- brawn rr*tt) in£, f rabt t

fl -Oc^nkcOd icn-a of brtunwnou* sand-Hone

Shale; i ed -p i i rp iHp si» j f - ( ia*r , jr»d>n« ;p aa*dy ahal*

- R e d * * * • • «?th cafcrt* rtwltu . . :>rain; ( .?*T*S r e* r ' ' •r"d **••*• , I IT|y. • * » ! •

-vBVhunnoui *and*lon*; l a w <mprtsnaT»Oft

~ ~ — — - - — — — Shala; -rtntg^ted F J I B * * and t r a m wrth- bufl rawrttiinfc compact

- ?

San^tta -**: &n *Mcep" » h w i yeihiwr From ^^Ofi-rt* * t a * * v+rr

S^wla; puapla rnottJad 5 * n d * t * w : bufl. f irw-fFain*d, banen

BVtunnanoui (andrWia, laan i m p r t p w l w .

ShaJa; purpt* t* g n j - p a * ^ locaflr auidp

fetummoua a a n d a W * : madiuan irp.pn«Ti*1Jon

S t r J j *hat« and -wnKroM-: whrta-jnijr, fnaWw

O a r and ihata: P«nj»* r roHWL F*d-Ar- i«alh*r in ir Silun-=i*M* •andatone; madwm .mpmgjnabon

Shale anrf t b j r t o n a ; rad and purjJe

U m y the*?: j i a j r - j w a n , *4JI-*iactvf»d ^ r ^ - f r t u n w w u a aarJiKWw; lean LmprapiaBOn, fine-jrain«J

Sandy aha**^ i n j f - l j w w

Sandsionar * « « . •fina-pawad. con: part, il&ftiy brturruujut, eontanna;

• -r-y ahale mambaf-a and « a l cijjf ro^ei

- U r r j s**i*: gray. •*»i-c*n'4fl lad

Brtumjnoua ^ndaiona. baccvninj l»irar. naartep. C « t a m s ottsicodi

Lin-i s-ait: j i a i f - w M a , con-pad.

Oilracod uona. camaniad with brtuman

f^:

UmrthaloL tf-aj. corr.oact Bihimmoua *and*txma: tan. two*** riraaka. wdl cam*nt«d

U m j ahafe; (n j> «rr ta ina«tTacoda

B*twmr»Oui rfndaiono; saarv co^tior^ ottaeoda Unvp ehaW; inVie , ttun-baddWL « r , t a w n-«njr ort-accd-i

f l i iun- p ^ t s a r j i t w * : rich impntgnation at croja-baddad al baat

S * a l j aanartan*: i « H : fn*. thin-baddad

Brt^nmou* **aaj aandirtca*; t»in-padd*d. compart

mmmm ;7 *» . : * i* , - r :"-'l.-,••-

•

s-rffc'*-:-

• • > 7

Bitv^iinoua sandjlone; laanat baa*. ImaHfjatMai batflnna* richaa as crota-tadWinj incraaaes. S r * - a * n e d . rraaanra, -̂rsHnmri. emeacaoua

-"

iV^rVv^;^

vN

-r-

S-'^l)1 aandhrtona; ttun-baddad - Shala; e i j - e - e a r ^ waii'-lnKlurad. con tuning.-*"

ft*3 t-« ^

SaAdt^ona; tan, fine . IJaaaaaaafK den»e

)&

^ ^ > ^

Red *--aie; motttad auisla al feaaa

Sandtt-on*; buHf. fine-s*atned. compacl

Shale; eti^-gpoe*-. M a * Ktunnrtoui aandaione;

Ccnwad: aanditono?

nanbad i-camantad, : : -

•itjn-iroua aardifo^a; m*dMjm in- piafni^ion

Shale, fcrny iha** and dofonmte-; thm-badyed. ce^Vd WaHa, containing 3' eon* o? waaHwead, toastf-bean-j; riigUti}1

arhjw r « - j i aandalone

Brt.*ninoua aand*1one^ *»ch mprac-a" >•.

• " • ' • ' J l > " i Saftdnona; ' n a b *

Bttuminouc sardirone; hkan wnpfCtpatKin, than-baddad

EXPLANATION

FOR FIGURES I AND 2

to i Surficial deposits

<

cr UJ

<

J O

g^

Green River formation <

Q:

V Wasatch formation

y

Bituminous sandstone Stippling indtcotes poorly

saturated beds

Geologic contact

Inferred geologic

contact

,5y Strike ond dip

Fault, D shows

downthrown side

Line of section

Quarry and dump

Prospect pit

i

- 2 6

Sample numbers

Triangulation station

of this survey

Oolitic limestone bed with ostrocodes

^ ^

Improved roads

Geology and topography b> Clifford r\f. Holmes and Ben M. Page. Surveyed i n m s FIGURE L GEOLOGIC MAP OF BITUMINOUS SANDSTONE DEPOSITS NEAR

QUARRIES OF THE ROCK ASPHALT COMPANY OF UTAH

Area mapped is shown by small rectangle on figure 2

Unimproved roads

500 5 0 0 IjOOO F =

|,50QFeet

Contour in terva l £0 fee t , datum mean «a level

FIGURE 3. COLUMAR SECTION MEASURED ALONG LINE A-A ON FIGURE I

EXPLANATION OF COLUMNAR SECTION

Sandstone

C ross- bed de d sandstone

L9400

^s* £S

• * • " ' •

Limestone

Limestone with oolites

«-. ' • . - . o -

, fr ' .%-.>'>v-y

Stream te rrace deposits

/ / „ /

/ /

.-' t „ , /

/ v

I i /

p ' i

/ / V

Shale

Sandy shale

Siitstone

Clay stone

Dolomite

_9000

FIGURE 4. CROSS SECTION ALONG LINE A-A' ON FIGURE I Horizontal scale same as scale of figure I. No vertical exaggeration

FIGURE 2. MAP SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF BITUMINOUS SANDSTONE Bose mop compiJed from township plots of Ihe General Lend Office,

S..™™n»"te.,™«0u.& DEPOSITS NEAR SUNNYSIDE, CARBON COUNTY, UTAH Geological Survey topooraphfc map of surmysrde quadrangle. Wasatch and Green River formations not differentiated

VERTICAL SCALE OF COLUMNAR SECTION I Mile

5 0 100 150 Feet

GEOLOGF OF THE BITUKIHOUS SANDSTONE DEPOSITS NEAR 3USNYSIDE, CARBOK COUNTY, UTAH

Tbe b l t u a l a a i i a aendstcat d e p o s i t s a u r S u n n j s l d e , Carbon Oounty,, TTtab, n b l c b a r e t b e l a r g a s t known I n t a e r - i t e i S t a t e s , f*ere t t x a a l t L e d b y t h e 0 . 3 . G-sologi<J*l &arv*j f o r t h e purpose o f a p p r a i s i n g ttts d e p o s i t s a s a p o s s i b l e s o u r c e o f pe tro leum p r o d u c t s . Tbe f i e l d nork was done by C l i f f o r d V. S o l m s s , Ben M. P a g e , and Paul A r e r l t t d u r i n g t h e a i m e r and f a l l o f 1 9 4 6 . A n area o f about 1 sq-usre * l l e I n t o e r i c l n l t y o f t n e o u a r r i a s o f t h e Ec-ck A s p h a l t Co. o f Utah was Mapped b y p l a n a t a b l e o n a s c a l e o f 4 0 0 f e a t t o t b e I n c h . I n t o l a area t o e topograph? n a s sapped b y c o n t o u r s d r a m a t 2 0 - f o o t I n t e r v a l s . A aap o f the d e p o s i t s t h r o u g h o u t a n a d j o i n i n g a r e a o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 4 square n l l e s was p r e p a r e d on a s e a l s o f 2PCXW f e e t to t b e I n c h . Tbe bit iralncras s a n d s t o n e d e p o s i t s I n t h i s l a r g e r a r e a were p l o t t e d I n t h e f i e l d o n e n l a r g e d a e r i a l a n a a l c s and t r a n s f e r r e d t o a c o n t r o l l e d p l a n J j a e t r i c b a s e s a p p r e p a r e d b y t h e S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n S e r v i c e , TT. 3 * Department o f A g r i c u l t u r e . The townsh ip and s e c t i o n l i n e s were t a k e n f r o a t h e S u n n v s l d e t o p o g r a p h i c q u a d r a n g l e s h e e t . These naps a r e shown In f l g u r s s 1 and 2 r e s p e c t i v e l y .

C o n s e r v a t i v e l y e a t l a t a t e d j t h e d e p o s i t s nee.r S u n n y s l d e c o n t a i n 1 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 c u b i c r a r d i o f b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e , h a l f o f w h i c h l a b e l i e v e d t o c o n t a i n a t l e a s t 9 p a r c e n t bitumen, b y w e i g h t . Tha b l t n a d n o i t s s a n d s t o n e o c c u r s i n bads r a n g i n g from 1 0 f e e t t o 350 f e e t I n t h i c k n e s s w i t h i n a s o n e s h o u t 1 , 0 0 0 f e e t t h i c k I n t h e uppar p a r t o f t h e U a s a t c b f o r m a t i o n a n d i n t h e l o w e r p a r t o f t h e o v e r l y i n g Green B l v e r f o m a t l o n - Tbe b e d s l i e a t e l e v a t i o n s b e t w e e n 9 , 0 0 0 and 1 0 , 0 0 0 f e e t n e a r t h e t o p o f t h e Bock C l i f f s , a s o u t h w e s t - f a c i n g e scarpment c a r v e d i n g e n t l e n o r t h - t o n o r t h w e s t - d i p p i n g r o c k s o n t h e s o u t h e r n a a r g l n o f t a s U i n t a B a a l s . B e c a u s e o f t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h e r e s i s t a n t b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e b e d s , t h i s escarpment n e a r S u n n y s l d e i s s t e e p and rugged and o v s r l o o k s a w i d e b e l t o f mounta inous t e r r a i n c a r v e d I n tha l e a s r e s i s t a n t r o c k s i n t b e l o w e r p a r t o f t h e Wasatch forma­t i o n . BTorth and n o r t h e a s t o f t h e c r e s t o f t h a e scarpment t h e t e r r a i n la e s s e n t i a l l y a b r o a d , somewhat d i s s e c t e d p l a t e a u formed on a g e n t l e d i p s l o p e o f s h a l e o f t h e Green R i v e r f o r m a t i o n . The b i t u m i n o u s d e p o s i t s can be reached by a T - a l l e d r i v e on a s e c o n d a r y road from t b e c o a l - m i n i n g v i l l a g e o f Sunnvs lde , . a t e r m i n a l p o i n t on a s p u r o f the Denver and Rio Grande Western R a i l r o a d .

Tha b i t u m i n o u s d e p o s i t s n e a r Sunnys ide mere f i r s t opened a t the s m a l l quarry n e a r s t a t i o n D ( f i g . 1 ) I n 1392, and o p e r a t e d f o r a y e a r or l o n g e r , d u r i n g which t ime s h o u t 1 , 0 0 0 t o n s o f rock was removed. T h i s m a t e r i a l was u s e d f o r s t r e e t p a v i n g in. 3 a l t Lake C i t y , U t a h . The quarry was n e x t o p e r a t e d In 1 9 0 2 - 0 3 whan an a d d i t i o n a l 1 , 0 0 0 t o n e we.9 mined . A new quarry s i t e , now t h a l a r g e s t quarry shown on f i g u r e 1 , was opened by t h e Utah A s p h a l t Co. in 1 9 1 5 , and a b o u t 3 , 0 0 0 t o n s o f rock was removed b e f o r e I t s h u t down i n 1916 o r 1 9 1 7 . T h i s quarry was reopened by t h e Utah Rock A s p h a l t Corp. In 1927 and worked u n t i l 1 9 3 1 ; d u r i n g t h a t p e r i o d about 2 5 , 0 0 0 t o 3 0 , 0 0 0 t o n s o f t h e b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e w e r e m i n e d . I n 1931 t h e o w e r s h l p o f t h e quarry p a s s e d t o t h e p r e s e n t o p e r a t o r , t h e Bock A s p h a l t . G o . o f U t a h ; t h e quarry has bs-wt wo-z&ed more or l e s s c o n t i n u o u s l y s i n e s t h a t d a t e . The p r o d u c t i o n from 1931 t h r o u g h 1945 t o t a l e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 t o n s , making a n a l l - t i m e t o t a l o f about 3 3 5 , 0 0 0 t o n s , f i e J S J M J o u t p u t now a v e r a g e s 2 0 , 0 0 0 t o 3 0 , 0 0 0 tons, a l l o f w h i c h i s c rushed and u s e d w i t h o u t f u r t h e r t r e a t m e n t f o r p a v i n g s t r e e t s , highways r a i r p l a n e l a n d i n g s t r i p s , t e n n i s c o u r t s , and t h e I l k a . A l t h o u g h t h e m a t e r i a l l a consumed m o s t l y i n Utah and C o l o r a d o , s m a l l sh ipments a r e made to K a n s a s , • e & r a s k a , " e r a d a , and Wyoming. The w r i t e r s g r a t e f u l l y acknowledge t h e a s s i s t a n c e and i n f o r m a t i o n r e c e i v e d from Mr. Banry B . J o n e s , former p r o d u c t i o n manager o f t h e Bock A s p h a l t Co. o f Utah s t B u n n y s l d e .

P r e v i o u s w o r k . — A l t h o u g h t h e b i t u m i n o u s rock q u a r r i e s n e a r S u n n y s i d e have b e e n v i s i t e d b y many g e o l o g i s t s and e n g i n e e r s , tbe d e p o s i t s have n e v e r b e f o r e b e e n s u r v e y e d , and o n l y c a s u a l d e 9 c r l p ~ t l o n s o f them a p p e a r I n t h e g e o l o g i c l i t e r a t u r e . The topography o f t b e r e g i o n i s shown cm a s c a l e o f about 1 i n c h to t h e m i l e on t h e S u n n y s i d e quadrangle o f t b e u . 3 - G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y , and a l s o o n p h o t o g r a p h i c mosa ic quadrang le B o . 163 o f t h e S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n S e r v i c e . The r e g i o n a l g e o l o g y i s d i s c u s s e d I n a £«nD|*t o n e c a l r e s o u r c e s o f t h e Cast l e g a t e , W e l l i n g t o n , and S u n n y s i d e quad-r a j i g l e s , l / and tbe b i t u m i n o u s a a n d s t o n e o c c u r r e n c e i s d e s c r i b e d I D two s h o r t paragraphs In a r e p o r t by Bard and B a l l , ^ / c i t e d h e r e p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r i t s c o m p r e h e n s i v e b i b l i o g r a p h y o n t h e s o l i d h y d r o ­carbons o f t h e U n i t s B a s i n .

STRATroEUpar

The rocks in c-he a r e a h e r e d e s c r i b e d form a c o n t i n u o u s d e p o s i t i o n s ! s e q u e n c e made u p c h i e f l y o f n o n a s r l n s s a n d s t o n e and s h a l e o f Eocene a g e . T h i s s e q u e n c e i s d i v i d e d , o n t b e b a s i s o f l l t h o l o g y and mode o f d e p o s i t i o n . I n t o two u n i t s , t h e Wasatch and Green R i v e r f o r m a t i o n s . The l o w e r p a r t o f the s e q u e n c e , which i s c h i e f l y f l u v l a t l l s , i s a s s i g n e d t o t h e Wasatch f o r m a t i o n , and t h e upper p a r t , c h i e f l y l a c u s t r i n e , i s a s s i g n e d t o t h e Green R l t e r f o r m a t i o n . The t r a n s i t i o n b e t w e e n t h e two f o r m a t l o n a , however , l a g r a d a t l o n a l throughout a n i n t e r v a l o f s e v e r a l hundred f e e t . The w r i t e r s p l a c e t h e boundary where d o m l n a n t l y f l u v l s t i l e s t r a t a b e l o w g i v e way t o domlnant l r l a c u s t r i n e s e d i m e n t s a b o v e , b u t e a c h o f tha two f o r m a t i o n s c o n t a i n s b e d s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e o t h e r . The s t r e a m - d e p o s i t e d b e d s tend t o b e l e n t i c u l a r , and o f s m a l l l a t e r a l e x t e n t . Moreover, they e x h i b i t marked changes In f a d e s , and many l o c a l d i s c o n f o r a l l i e s . The l a c u s t r i n e b e d s , o n t h e o t h e r hand, a r e s t r i k i n g l y uniform and p e r s i s t e n t . The l l t h o l o g l c d e t a i l s o f t h e two f o r m a t i o n s are shown i n t h e columnar s e c t i o n { f i g - 3 ] »

Wasatch fo ] . t l o n

The Wasatch f o r m a t i o n , o f l o w e r Eocene a g e , c o n t a i n s t h e b u l k o f t h e b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e d e p o s i t s , and makes u p m o s t o f t h e s t e e p f a c e o f t h e Book C l i f f s . The f o r m a t i o n i s 3 , 7 5 0 f e e t t h i c k i n t h e Sunnya ide quadreregle . sy Only t h e upper t h i r d , I n which t h e b i t u m i ­nous s a n d s t o n e b e d s c o n t a i n e d I n t h e f o r m a t i o n a r e c o n c e n t r a t e d , was examined dur ing t h e c o u r s e o f t h e p r e s e n t i n T a a t i g s t l o n . I n t h e b i l l s n o r t h o f C o l t o n , U t a h County , U t a h , b e d s t h o u g h t t o b e e q u i v a ­l e n t t o t h e uppermost p a r t o f t h e Wasatch have been d e s i g n a t e d t h e C o l t o n f o r m a t t o n . 4 / The d i s c o n t i n u o u s and l e n t i c u l a r n a t u r e o f the b e d s I n t h e C o l t o n f o r m a t i o n , however , makes r e g i o n a l c o r r e l a t i o n s w i t h t h e Sunnys ide a r e a I m p o s s i b l e u n t i l f u r t h e r d e t a i l e d work I s c o m p l e t e d .

The columnar s e c t i o n , f i g u r e 3 , shows o n l y t b e upper t h i r d o f t h e Wasatch f o r m a t i o n a b o v e a c o n s p i c u o u s r e d s h a l e member, w h i c h i s a c o n v e n i e n t and e a s i l y r e c o g n i s a b l e datum. The l l t h o l o g y shown, however , i s t y p i c a l o f t h e e n t i r e f o r m a t i o n , w h i c h c o n s i s t * predomi­n a n t l y o f s a n d s t o n e i n t e r b e d d e d w i t h s h a l e and t o a l e s s e r e x t e n t w i t h b e d s o f t h i n L i m e s t o n e .

The s a n d s t o n e b e d s , w h e t h e r b i t u m i n o u s o r n o t , a r e fine— t o m e d i u m - g r a i n e d , t h i n - t o m a s s l T S - b e d d s d , and l e n t i c u l a r . Cosmunly t h e y e x h i b i t c r o s s b e d d i n g a n d a r e u n d e r l a i n b y a l o c a l 1 - t o 2 - f o o t l a t r a f o m a t i o n a l c o n g l o m e r a t e la. w h i c h a n g u l a r p e b b l e s and -cobbles o f w h i t e a h a l e and y e l l o w - w e a t h e r i n g l i m e s t o n e a r e p r o m i n e n t . These c o n g l o m e r a t e s , and t o a l e a s e r e x t e n t t b e a a n d s t o n e o v e r l y i n g them, l o c a l l y c o n t a i n f r a g m e n t s o f b o n e s and t e e t h , a s w e l l a s b l a c k , p o l i s h e d p l a t e s o f g a r p i k e ( L e p l s o a t e u s ) . The c o n s t i t u e n t m i n e r a l grains- a r e p r i n c i p a l l y eubrounded q u a r t s , o r t h o c l a a s , n d c r o c l l n e , and p l a g l c c i a a e , w i t h s u b o r d i n a t e amounts o f M u s c o v i t e and c h a l c e d o n y . Ferromagnes lan m i n e r a l s a r e r a r e - A s m a l l amount o f i n t e r s t i t i a l c a l c l t e I s p r e s e n t i n soma o f t h e a a n d s t o n e b e d s . I n weathered o u t ­c r o p s t h e b a r r e n s a n d s t o n e b e d s a r e l i g h t b u f f I n c o l o r .

I n t e r v e n i n g b e t w e e n t h e s a n d s t o n e beds i n t h e upper t h i r d o f t h e f o r m a t i o n a r e many v a r i e t i e s o f s h a l e and muds tone . These I n c l u d e p a l e - g r a y s h a l e ; h a r d , b r i t t l e b l u e - g r e e n c l a y s h a l e ; b ' - l t t l * , g r e e n i s h - g r a y s i l t y a h a l e j . and b r i t t l e mudstone Lacklng^smalyT c l e a v ­age . The mudstone b e d s range in c o l o r from maroon to b r i c k r e d s a d p u r p l e r e d , and a r e , t h e r e f o r e , v e r y c o n s p i c u o u s . The s h a l e beds c o n t a i n f ragments o f l e a v e s and p l a n t sterna, but t b e a e f o s s l l a are uncommon in the mudstone .

The upper p a r t o f the Wasatch f o r m a t i o n s l a o c o n t a i n s s e v e r a l t h i n c a l c a r e o u s b e d s i - f o o t t o 5 f e e t t h i c k . These I n c l u d e b e d s o f h a r d , d e n s e , w h i t e - - n e a t h e r l n g l i m e s t o n e , o a t r e c o d e b e d s r e s e m b l i n g o o l i t i c l i m e s t o n e , and y e l l o w - w e a t h e r i n g , " sandy b e d s c o n t a i n i n g o a t r a - c o d e s . A l l t h r e e v a r i e t i e s o f c a l c a r e o u s beds a r e l o c a l l y some­what b i t u m i n o u s ,

F o s s i l s o c c u r r i n g i n t h e upper p a r t o f t h e Wasatch f o r m a t i o n c o n s i s t p r i n c i p a l l y o f bone and p l a n t f r a g m e n t s , f i s h s c a l e s , and s m a l l g a s t r o p o d s . S e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t forms t h a t have been i d e n t i ­f i e d a r e : g a r p i k e o r L e p l s o a t e u s c u n e a t u s Cops , Knight l a a t t a ( L e l d y J , c r o c o d i l e o r K l o p l o s u a c f . a b o r e v t a t u s Cope, t u r t l e ( T J , the f r e s h - w a t e r g a s t r o p o d a 'Flsuaorbla^ s p e c t a b T l l s Heek, Physa a f f . P . p i e r o m a t i s W h i t e , G o n l o b a s l s t e n e r a B a l l , and Fbyaa a f f . P> b r l d j g e r e n a l s n e e k j u w e l l a s f n s o h - w a t e r o a t r a c o i e s , a l g a e , and l e a v e s o f p l a n t s r e l a t e d t o t h e E u c a l y p t u s . The I n v e r t e b r a t e s a r e w i t h o u t e x c e p t i o n forma t h a t a r e w ldeapraad i n t h e l o w e r S o c e n e , b u t whose l i m i t o f range upward i s n o t n a i l known. Most o f t h o s e found a r e pond and l a k e d w e l l e r s w h e r e a s a more f l u v l a t i l a environawnt I s s u g g e s t e d b y t h e g a r p i k e and c r o c o d i l e . A l t h o u g h t b e f r e s h - w a t e r o s t r o c o d e s have p o t e n t i a l v a l u e f o r c o r r e l a t i o n , t h e y a r e a t p r e s e n t l i t t l e known and c o n s e q u e n t l y have l i t t l e s t r a t l g r a p b l c v a l u e ,

Gr^sn River formation

The Green R i v e r f o r m a t i o n , o f middle Eocene a g e , l a i n t l o n a l c o n t a c t w i t h t h e u n d e r l y i n g Wasatch f o r m a t i o n and f < c r e s t and d i p s l o p e o f the Book C l i f f s . The b s a a l p a r t o f tin t l o n , e x p o s e d I n tbe a r e a mapped. I s composed l a r g e l y o f p a l e g r e e n l a b - g r a y msidatone and t h i n - b e d d e d s h a l e o f l a c u s t r i n e o r i g i n , i n t e r b e d d e d w i t h a a n d s t o n e o f f l j v l a t l l s o r i g i n . C o n t a i n e d I n t h e s h a l e a r e many t h i n c a l c a r e o u s l a y e r s , some o f which a r e marlBtone and some l i m e s t o n e . These b e d s a r e J - f o o t t o 5 f e e t t h i c k , and a r e m o a t l y w h i t e w e a t h e r i n g , d e n s e , and h a r d . Hany are dark and b i t u m i ­nous o n f r e a b s u r f a c e s . The l i m e s t o n e l a y e r s o c c a s i o n a l l y show s m a l l , r o u g h , c o n c e n t r i c head s p h e r e s o f a l g a l c o l o n i e s , a n d , T*ry r a r e l y , l a r g e b l a c u l t - a h a p e d a l g a l maaaes S o r 3 f e e t l o n g . In. the a r e * shown o n f i g u r e 1 the f o r m a t i o n c o n t a i n s two o r t h r e e s t r i k i n g l y c o n t i n u o u s 1 - f o o t b e d s o f v a r v e d e l l s h a l e , w h i c h a r e b l a c k o n f r e a h a u r f a c e s , b u t w h i c h w e a t h e r I n t o v e r y t h i n * h i t e s h e e t s . Fragmental f i s h remains a r e numerous i n t b e o i l s h a l e , and r a r e i n o t h e r p a r t e o f t h e f o r m a t i o n , f o s s i l l e a v e s and o t h e r p l a n t remains a r e p r e s e n t t h r o u g h o u t t h a f o r m a t i o n .

Tbe s a n d s t o n e b e d s c o n t a i n e d In t h e l o w e r p a r t o f the Green H i r e r f o r m a t i o n a r e s i m i l a r I n a p p e a r a n c e and o r i g i n t o t h o s e i n the u n d e r l y i n g Wasatch . I n t h e a r e a shown o n f i g u r e 1 t h e s e b e d s a r e b l t o m l n o u a , but f o r t h e m o s t p a r t a r e l e s s t h a n 1 2 f e e t t h i c k , and n o t o f economic v a l u e .

S u r f i c i a l d e p o s i t s

I n common w i t h o t h e r a r e a s I n n o r t h - c e n t r a l U t a h , t h e l o » e r r e a c h e s o f a l l s t r e a m s i n the S u n n y s i d e r e g i o n were e x t e n e l v a l y a l l u v l a t e d d u r i n g P l e i s t o c e n e t i m e , and a r e now b e i n g r e e x c a r a t e d , I n tha a r e a s h o w o n f i g u r e 1 , a l l o f which i s above B,000 f e e t i n a l t i t u d e , t h i s v a l l e y f i l l i n g was a c c o m p l i s h e d m a i n l y b y mud f l o w s and l a n d e l i d e s , and i n par t b y d e p o a l t l o n i n s t reams b e h i n d s u c h o b s t r u c t i o n s . The s u r f i c i a l a c c u m u l a t i o n l a composed e x c l u s i v e l y o f d e b r i s from t h e Wasatch and Green R i v e r f o r a a t t o n a . I t c o n t a l n a f r a g m e n t s o f a l l a l s s a and a b a p e e , w i t h rud imentary s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o r n o n e . S i n c e t h e c l i m a t i c o r p h y s i o g r a p h i c change t h a t p g ™ ^ a d t e a resumpt ion of normal s tream e r e a Ion took p l a c e , the s treama In. t b e a r e a shown o n f i g u r e 1 have c u t through a t l e a s t 150 f e e t o f t h i s m a t e r i a l , l e a v i n g l o c a l remnants a s t e r r a c e s a l o n g t b e v a l l e y s i d e s .

STRUCTURE

I n t h e a r e a shown o n t h e accompanying maps t b e s t r u c t u r e i s e s s e n t i a l l y h o m o c l l n a l ; the r o c i a d i p 3* to 10* HE i n t o the TJJnta B a s i n , toward tbe n o r t h w e s t end o f t h e mapped a r e a and b e y o n d , t h e s t r i k e o f t h e beda changes g r a d u a l l y westward forming a n a r c e a s e n -t l a l l y p a r a l l e l t o t b e C r e t a c e o u s rim rock o f t h e San R a f a e l S w e l l * a l a r g e e r o d e d dome whose c e n t e r l i e s a b o u t 5 0 m l l e a t o t b e s o u t h .

The r o c k s a r e broken b y s e v e r a l v e r t i c a l f a u l t s w i t h d i s p l a c e ­ments r a n g i n g from 1 t o about ISO f e e t , and l o c a l l y s y s t e m s o f v e r t i ­c a l J o i n t s may b e o b s e r v e d , a s i n t h e s a n d s t o n e p r o m o n t o r i e s i n t h e a m p h i t h e a t r e a t t h e head o f Water Canyon, l o r e v e r s a l s o f d i p are p r e s e n t *

BTTUnlBTOUS 3AJTST01TB DEPOSITS

The b i t u m i n o u s s s n d s t o n e d e p o s i t s , knows l o c a l l y a s *rock a s p h a l t , * c o n s i s t o f numerous b e d s , from s few i n c h e s t o a s much a s 550 f e e t t h i c k , which I n d i v i d u a l l y may e x t e n d s e v e r a l thousand f e e t a l o n g t h e s t r i k e . The d e p o s i t s e x t e n d about 9 m l l e a a l o n g t b e o a t -c r o p , and a r e c o n f i n e d t o a v e r t i c a l s t r a t l g r a p b l c i n t e r v a l o f 1 , 0 0 0 f e e t .

The accompanying maps show tha o u t c r o p s o f a l l b i t u m i n o u s beds o f p o s s i b l e economic v a l u e a l o n g t h e f r o n t o f t h e Book C l i f f s . Thin b i t u m i n o u s b e d s c o n t i n u e n o r t h w e s t w a r d , h o w e v e r , beyond t h e l i m i t s o f t h e a r e a shown o n t h e maps. S i m i l a r l y , b i t u m i n o u s beds a r e exposed i n v a l l e y s o n t h e d i p s l o p s n o r t h e a s t o f t h e Book C l i f f s , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n the headwaters o f Dry and Range G r e e k s . I n the t i m e a v a i l a b l e t o t h e w r i t e r s I t was n o t p o s s i b l e t o map t h e b e d s n o r t h e a s t o f t h e c r e s t o f t h e Book C l i f f s , b u t s e v e r a l r e c o n n a i s s a n c e v i s i t s I n t h e d e e p l y I n c i s e d H l d d l e and S o u t h Fhrka o f Dry Creek r e v e a l e d t h a t t b e b i t u m i n o u s s e c t i o n has t h e r e b e e n c u t b y t h e s tream* I n t h e S o u t h Fork o f Dry Creek t h e b i t u m i n o u s b e d s a r e somewhat t h i n n e r , b u t o t h e r w i s e comparable t o t h o s e o n t h e f a c e o f t h e C l i f f s .

Ths b i t u m i n o u s beds o n the f r o n t o f t h e Book C l i f f s a r e v e r y r e s i s t a n t and c r o p o u t c o n s p i c u o u s l y o n t h e s t e e p e r s l o p e s . T y p i ­c a l l y t h e y a r e b a t t l e s h i p g r a y , o r i n f r e q u e n t l y , l i g h t b u f f o n w e a t h e r e d s u r f a c e s . When f r e s h l y b r o k e n , h o w e v e r , t h e rock I s g e n e r ­a l l y b l a c k , and the b l e a c h e d e x t e r i o r I s s e e n t o b e l e a s than 1 /16 i n c h t h i c k . H o s t o f t h e b e d s t h a t a r e o n l y s l i g h t l y b i t u m i n o u s a r e l i g h t to medium brown tairoughout*

Some o f t h e b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e b e d s a r e f a i r l y w e l l s t r a t i f i e d and a few of them a r e t h i n - b e d d e d , w e a t h e r i n g i n t o p l a t e s 1 to 4 Ir.ches t h i c k . Cross bedding i s commonplace, b u t b y n o asana u n i v e r s a l . I n t h s r i c h e r b e d s where t h a p o r e a p a c e a p p e a r s t o b e e n t i r e l y f i l l e d , n o s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f any k i n d l a v i s i b l e . A l l o f t h e b e d s a r e l e n t i c u l a r , and many o f them c l e a r l y o c c u p y b r o a d c h s n n e l a c u t I n t o u n d e r l y i n g s h a l e and t h i n l i m e s t o n e . H o s t o f the b i t u m i n o u s b e d s a r e u n d e r l a i n and o v e r l a i n b y s h a l e , and wedge o u t l a t e r a l l y i n s h a l e , the o c c u r r e n c e o f b i tumen c l e a r l y b e i n g bounded b y t h * i m p e r v i o u s l a y e r s . I n o t h e r b e d s , t h s b i t u m i n o u s sands t o n s g i v e s way t o b a r r e n s a n d s t o n e downward o r a l o n g t h e s t r i k e , a s though t h e r e h a d b e e n I n s u f f i c i e n t b i tumen t o i n v a d e a l l o f t h e h o s t r o c k . A t c o n t a c t s between t h e Impregnated m a t e r i a l and b a r r e n s a n d ­s t o n e , t h s c h a n g e I s v e r y g r a d u a l I n some l o c a l I t l e a end a b r u p t I n o t h e r s . I n b o t h t y p e s o f o c c u r r e n c e t h e c o n t a c t s b e t w e e n b i t u m i n o u s and barren p a r t s o f t b e beds a r e g e n e r a l l y h i g h l y I r r e g u l a r , u n l i k e t b e smooth , e v e n c o n t a c t t h a t wight- b e e j p e c t a d t c r e s u l t a t a n o i l -w a t e r i n t e r f a c e .

A s shown i n t h e t a b l e s b e l o w , t b e p o r o s i t y o f t h e b i t u m i n o u s a a n d s t o n e r a n g e s between 25 end 50 p e r c e n t by v o l u m e ; t h e pBrme-a b l l i t y , b a a e d on f o u r d e t e r m i n a t i o n s , ranges b e t w e e n 154 and 6-77 m i l l l d a r c l e s . L i t t l e o r n o w a t e r I s p r e s e n t i n t h e i n t e r s t i t i a l s p a c e .

O n t h e w h o l e t h e b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e i s c u l t s h a r d , t o u g h , and t e n a c i o u s , r e q u i r i n g d r i l l i n g end b l a s t i n g I n q u a r r y i n g . I n h o t w e a t h e r , h o w e v e r , t h e o u t e r s u r f a c e s o f t h e b i t u m i n o u s b e d s s o f t e n s l i g h t l y , and a s p h a l t a o s e a from s u n l i t a u r f a c e s I n p e n c i l - s i z e d s * e p a p t h e r a t e o f f l o w b e i n g a l m o s t I m p e r c e p t i b l e , t o l a r g e s e e p -s g e a a r e known i n t h e d i s t r i c t .

Grade and n a t u r e of b i tumen.—The b i t u m i n o u s c&ntflnt Of t h e Bens LU t h e d i s t r i c t ranges from a few p e r c e n t to a l i t t l e more than 13 p e r c e n t by w e i g h t . According to f tr . Henry HI J o n e s , former p r o d u c t i o n manager o f t h e Bock A s p h a l t Co. o f U t a h , t h e s a n d s t o n e now b e i n g q u a r r i e d c o n t a i n s an average bi tumen c o n t e n t o f 10^ p a r c e n t , and a l l s h i p m e n t s e x c e e d 9 p e r c a n t . The t a b l e s below g i v e tbe r e s u l t s o f a n a l y s e s b y the o i l and Gas L a b o r a t o r y o f tbe G e o l o g i c a l Survey a t C a s p e r , Wyo-, o f samples c o l l e c t e d from l o c a l i t i e s abown on t h e ac[Mjnspanying s a p s , f tost o f t h e s e samples were t a k e n from Meathered o u t c r o p s and s l i g h t l y w e a t h e r e d s u r f a c e s I n abandoned q u a r r i e s and p r o s p e c t p i t s , a n d , t h e r e f o r e , are n o t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f f r e s h m a t e r i a l .

Sample sTo. 1 was t a k e n from a c o n t i n u o u s b a r r e n t o n e w i t h i n *a impregnated b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e bad and Sample S c . 6 from a b a r r e n e a n d s t o n e bed t h a t grades l a t e r a l l y i n t o a w e l l - i m p r e g n a t e d o u t c r o p * Theae samples were s e l e c t e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f p o r o s i t y and perme­a b i l i t y a n a l y s e s and a r e n o t i n d i c a t i v e o f t h e o v e r - a l l b i tumen c o n ­t e n t . On t h e b a s i s o f v i s u a l comparison between w e a t h e r e d and unweathered b i t u m i n o u s rock In the o p e r a t i n g c u a r r y , and w e a t h e r e d rock e l s e w h e r e I n t h e d i s t r i c t , I t i s L i k e l y t h a t a t l e a s t h a l f o f the m a t e r i a l shown as b i tuminous s a n d s t o n e on t h e accompanying p a r t i c u l a r l y I n t h e t h i c k e r bnds I n t h e c e n t r a l p a r t o f t h e recon^ n a l s s a n c e map ( f i g . 2 ) , I s comparable t o t h a t i n t h e o p e r a t i n g quarry .

I h e accompanying t a b l e s a l s o show the r e s u l t s o f a n a l y s e s o f t h e e x t r a c t e d b i t u m e n , and i n c l u d e t h e data o n t h e p o r o s i t y and p e r m e a b i l i t y o f a few s e l e c t e d s a m p l e s .

Reserves

Tbe r e s e r v e s o f b i tuminous s a n d s t o n e I n t h e a r e a mapped ( f i g . 2 ) t o t a l 1 , 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 c u b i c y a r d s , o f which 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 s a b l e yards i s e i t h e r measured o r I n d i c a t e d b y g e o l o g i c e v i d e n c e , and 7 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 c u b i c y a r d s l a i n f e r r e d . These r e s u l t s were o b t a i n e d b y combining s e p a r a t e c a l c u l a t i o n s f o r e a c h o f 3 2 s m a l l s u b - a r e a s i n which t h e b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e beda a p p e a r e d t o m a i n t a i n u n i f o r m t h i c k n e s s . The t o t a l t h i c k n e s s o f b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e i n e a c h s u b -area was o b t a i n e d b y a d d i n g t h e t h i c k n e s s e s o f t h e I n d i v i d u a l b e d s , and assuming t h a t a s i n g l e bed ex tended throughout t h e s u b - a r e a . From the o u t c r o p o f t h e beds t o & n a r b i t r a r y l i n e 1 , 0 0 0 f e e t down d i p from the c r e s t o f t h e Book C l i f f s , t b e t h i c k n e s s o f tbe b i t u m i ­nous rock was assumed to be un i form, and t h e c a l c u l a t e d r e s s r v e s s r e c l a s s e d a s m e a s u r e d , o r I n d i c a t e d . Down d i p b e l o w t h i s a r b i t r a r y l i n e , where t h e b i t u m i n o u s beds a r e under c o v e r , t h e b i t u m i n o u s rock was assumed t o t h a n u n i f o r m l y t o a h y p o t h e t i c a l c e r o l i n e , drawn t o e n c l o s e a b e l t 4 , 0 0 0 f e e t wide a t t h e c e n t e r o f tbe d e p o s i t s where the b l tumlnoua b e d s h a v e t h e g r e a t e s t t h i c k n e s s , and t a p e r i n g t o 1 , 0 0 0 f e e t w i d e s t t h e ends o f the d e p o s i t where t h e b i t u m i n o u s b e d s a r e t h i n n e r . The c a l c u l a t e d r e s e r v e s i n t h i s b e l t a r e c l a s s e d a s i n f e r r e d . S l i g h t l y bttuminoua b e d s , and a l l beds l e s s than 1 0 f e a t t h i c k were e x c l u d e d i n p r e p a r i n g the e x t l m a t e s .

I n t h e area o f the d e t a i l e d map, f i g u r e 1 , t h e r e s e r v e s were r e c a l c u l a t e d bed b y b e d , and the r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d were i n c l o s e a c c o r d w i t h t h o s e o b t a i n e d i n t h e comparable s u b - a r e a o n t h e s m a l l -s c a l e map. I n t h e a r e a o f the d e t a i l e d map, t h e measured and I n d i ­c a t e d r e s e r v e s a r e 2 2 6 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 c u b i c y a r d s , and a d d i t i o n a l I n f e r r e d r e s e r v e s a r e 4 6 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 c u b i c y a r d s . These amounts a r e I n c l u d e d i n t h e t o t a l s a b o v e .

From t b e d a t a a v a i l a b l e o n t h e g r a d e o f m a t e r i a l , I t i s r e a s o n ­a b l e L o assume t h a t one h a l f o f t b e t o t a l r e s e r v e s c o n t a i n s a t l e a s t 9 p e r c e n t b i t u m e n b y w e i g h t . K a t e r l a l o f t h i s g r a d e , t h e r e f o r e , t o t a l s 4 5 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 c u b i c yards o f measured and i n d i c a t e d b i t u m i n o u s s a n d a t o n e , and 3 5 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 c u b i c yards o f i n f e r r e d b i t u m i n o u s s a n d -a t o n e . The bi Lumen. In the Sunnys ide d e p o s i t s has a s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y o f 1 . 0 . Assuming t h a t t h e b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e has a s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y o f 2 , 1 and a c l tumen c o n t e n t o f 9 p e r c e n t by w e i g h t , a c u b i c y a r d o f b l tumlnoua s a n d s t o n e w e i g h t s 1 . 7 7 t o n s , and c o n t a i n s 3LB-.8-pounds of b i t u m e n . As a g a l l o n of b i tumen -neighs 6 . 3 4 5 p o u n d s , a c u b i c y a r d o f b i t u m i n o u s samdatone c o n t a i n s 3 S . 2 g a l l o n s o f b i t u m e n . O n t h i s b a s i s t h e measured and i n d i c a t e d b i t u m i n o u s s a n d a t o n e c o n ­t a i n s a t l e a s t 4 0 9 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 b a r r e l s o f b i t u m e n , and t b e I n f e r r e d m a t e r i a l c o n t a i n s 3 1 8 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 b a r r e l s . This makes a t o t a l o f 7 2 8 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 b a r r e l s , e x c l u s i v e c f m a t e r i a l assur.ee. t o c o n t a i n l e s s than 9 p e r c e n t b i t u m e n .

?.<eLhcla o- 3.-^5.rrji~r &'-c zxiramtior-

The p r e s e n t o p e r a t o r s are removing m a t e r i a l from two a d j o i n i n g q u a r r i e s ( s e e f i g . 1 ] I n a t h i c k b i t u m i n o u s s a n d a t o n e b e d n e a r t h e base o f t h e b i t u m i n o u s a o n e . These ojitarrles l i e a t a n a l t i t u d e o f about 9 , 0 0 0 f e e t o n the s t e e p f r o n t o f t h e S o o t C l i f f s . Tbe q u a r r i e d rock I s lowered t o a n a l t i t u d e o f 7 , 2 5 0 f e e t b y a 3 - m i l e a e r i a l tram^ which f u n c t i o n s b y g r a v i t y . From t h e f o o t o f t h e t r a m , tbe b i t u m i ­nous s a n d s t o n e i s t a k e n b y truck t o the c r u s h i n g p l a n t a t S u n n y s i d e , where t h e f i n i s h e d p r o d u c t I s s u b s e q u e n t l y l o a d e d I n t o r a i l r o a d c a r s f o r s h i p m e n t .

A s t h e b l t u m l n o a s bed b e i n g q u a r r i e d i s c o v e r e d b y a t h i c k o v e r ­b u r d e n , l i k e most o f t h o s e i n t h e d i s t r i c t , and a a t h e quarry w a l l s o n t h e mounta in s i d e s r e s t e e p and h i g h . I t i s l i k e l y t h a t t h e p r e s e n t o p e r a t i o n s w i l l b e e x t e n d e d L a t e r a l l y a l o n g t h e o u t c r o p where t h e overburden I s l e s s . I f new o p e r a t i o n s a r e s t a r t e d , tbey w i l l a l s o be , - f o r the moat p a r t , I n t h e cone o f o u t c r o p . A l t h o u g h 3 3 5 , 0 0 0 t o n s have b e e n removed from t h e two l a r g e q u a r r l e a shown on f i g u r e 1 , the a r e a shown o n t h a t f i g u r e o f f e r s many comparable s i t e s f o r s u c h o p e r a t i o n s .

S e v e r a l s m a l l a r e a s I n tha d i s t r i c t o f f e r p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r s t r i p m i n i n g t h a t m i g h t b e I n v e s t i g a t e d b y t h o s e I n t e r e s t e d I n a mora economica l method of e x t r a c t i n g the m a t e r i a l . Among t h e s e are t h e l o n g r i d g e t h a t forms t h e w e s t e r n boundary o f t h e a r e a ehpwn o n f i g u r e 1 ; t h e s a d d l e n o r t h w e s t o f Bruin P o i n t be tween B r u i n Creek and S o u t h Fork o f Dry Creek ( f i g . 2 ) ; and the a r e a o f broad o u t c r o p s o n t b e d i v i d e b e t w e e n t h e heads o f l e f t Fork and S l l d s Canyon o f R i g h t Pork { f i g . S > . A s i t I s p o s s i b l e t h a t t h e grade o f m a t e r i a l I n t h e l a s t - n a m e d l o c a l i t y i s l o w e r than i t i s I n and n e a r t h e p r e s e n t q u a r r i e s , a c a r e f u l sampl ing program s h o u l d p r e c e d e o p e r a ­t i o n s i n t h i s a r e a .

a l t h o u g h t h e b i t u m i n o u s s a n d s t o n e I n t h s S u n n y s i d e a r e a I s now u s e d o n l y f o r s u r f a c i n g m a t e r i a l , i t o f f e r s p o s s i b i l i t i e s a s a s o u r c e o f e x t r a c t e d b i t u m e n , which might b e c o n v e r t e d t o f u e l o i l and o t h e r p e t r o l e u m p r o d u c t s . The d e p o s i t s n e a r S u n n y s i d e have s e v e r a l n a t u r a l a d v a n t a g e s a s a s o u r c e o f e x t r a c t e d b i t u m e n . F i r s t , t h e r e s e r v e s a r e a d e q u a t e f o r l a r g e - s c a l e o p e r a t i o n s * S e c o n d , t h e d e p o s i t s o c c u r I n a n a r e a o f h i g h r e l i e f where d i a p o s a l o f t h a r e s i d u a l sand! would p r e s e n t n o s e r i o u s prob lem. T h i r d , t h e e x t r a c t ­e d b i tumen o r s e c o n d a r y p r o d u c t s cou ld b e moved b y g r a v i t y t o t h e r a i l r o a d t e r m i n a l a t S u n n y s i d e .

A l though no s y s t e m a t i c a t t e m p t s have bean made to e x t r a c t t h e b i tumen from t h e b i t u m i n o u s a a n d s t o n e beda n e a r Sunnyalds- , e x p e r i ­m e n t a l work haa been c a r r i e d out by the U. 3 . Bureau of n i n e s and s e v e r a l I n d e p e n d e n t companies o n s i m i l a r b l tumlnoua sands t o n s d e ­p o s i t s I n C a l i f o r n i a 5 / and a t Athabaska , A l b e r t a , Cansda. ,6 / and t h e r e I s l i t t l e doubt t h a t w o r k a b l e and e c o n o m i c a l l y f e a s i b l e p r o ­c e s s e s w i l l b e d e v e l o p e d .

1/ Clark, P. B. , Ecooaaic geology of tbe Castlesste , Wellington, and SunojBlda quadraafUs, Uarban. County, Utah: U. S. GeoU Surwy Bul l , 793, pp. 1-2*, l?2fl.

2/ Bart, d a r k P. , and Bal l , Jaaes Cfden, ^rocarbons of the Uinta Basin of LFtah and Colorado: Colorado School of Kinw quart, , v o l . 39, DO. 1, pp. 12 and 3 L 1 * 4 ,

i / Clark, P . R.j op . t i t . , p . 21 , A/ Spiefcer, fcdmund M., la te Heaozolc and Early Cawzole history of central

Mm S« Gael. Survey Prof. Paper 205 B, p. 139, ISfci. shore, C. L. , Personal comauoieatlon. H i s , S. C* Bituminous sands of narUntrn Alberta: Canada Dept. HLnes,

Bxase Branch, Sept. (,32, 192fi. I

EITtfHEK COKTFJBT, WATER C&jfTn><"*\ FORC3ITT, ASP PBRHEABILITT OP SAfffXaS FttOW THE BlTunlFCUS 3A3T3TCBE DEPOSITS HEAR S?TffliTSIDK, CARBOB COOBfrT, UPAS

3ampla To*

1 E 3 4 6 7 8 «

1 0 U I S 1 3 14 1 5 16 1 7 1 8 1 9 SO 2 1 es S 3 24 2 5 26 E7

Bi tumen c o n t e n t p e r c e n t by wel

, m,. 2 . 6 1 7 . 1 7

1 1 . 2 3 7 . 9 7

1 0 . 1 4

1 1 . 2 6 7 . 5 7 6 . 5 3

1 1 . 3 9 10*91 10-. 05 1 0 . 8 5

6 . 5 1 9 . 5 0 8*79

1 2 . 0 0 1 3 . 5 3 10 ."95

7 . 3 6 3 . 3 9 5 . 6 6 4 . 3 0 9 . 6 5 6 . 6 5

ght

.

Water c o n t e n t p e r c e n t by

m _ | . _

0 . 1 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 5 — _ 0 . 0 6 0*04 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 1 1 0.7O 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 S 0 . 3 6 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 4 0.O6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 7 0.2O 0 . 0 1

w e i g h t P e r c e n t e f f e c ­

t i v e pore

29*7 S 9 . 5

2 5 . 0 2 7 . 1 2 9 . 3

.

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s p a c e * P e r m e a b i l i t y * f m l l l t d a r c l e s )

308 6 7 7

— _

_~_ 3 2 0

. . .

—-

154 —. — -

* After removal of tUumen from Samples s o * . 1, 2, &, 7, A, 30, and 2 5 .

PROPERTIES OF EXTRACTED ASPHALT PBOfl THE B rTuTJTsTOUS SaJTOSTOJIE DEPOSITS SEAJt SUKBTSEDB, CAKBOB" COusTTT. UTAH

Sample To.

S p . g r . a t

6 0 * P .

S p . g r . a t

T7n F .

S o f t p o i n t

P e n e ­t r a t i o n

Soft point Index

51 r j=en s o l u b l e

use f p e r c e n t )

31 T_j=5r: s o l u b l e

CCU ( p a r e east)

Ash [ p e r c e n t ]

D u c t i ­l i t y

3 9 . 2 * P .

Duct i ­l i t y

77* F

6 7

1 6 , 1 7 , 1 6 20 23 2 7

1 . 0 1 0 1 . 0 0 6 . . .— 1 . 0 1 7 1 .01O 1 . 0 1 5

1 . 0 0 4 0 . 9 9 9 8 ——_ 1 . 0 1 1 1 . 0 0 4 1 . 0 0 9

LIS loe 246 115 106 1 1 3

l i e 141 .,—

96 1 6 0 1 0 1

-0 .2 -0.6 -0 .5 -0 .7 -0 .7

9 9 . 5 7 9 9 . 6 6 9 9 . 7 0 9 9 . 7 3 9 9 . 4 0

9 9 . 7 7 9 9 . Bl 9 9 . 3 2 9 9 . 3 7 9 9 . 7 0 9 9 . 7 0

3S

26 2& 32

196* 151

196+ 176 15B

Drafted by Freda H. Spurrier. GEOLOGY OF THE BITUMINOUS SANDSTONE DEPOSITS NEAR SUNNYSIDE, CARBON COUNTY, UTAH

OIL AND GAS INVESTIGATIONS PRELIMINARY MAP 86

by Clifford N. Holmes, Ben M. Page, and Paul Averitt

1948 UTAH GEOLOG/CAL SURVEY