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$: nswaol.library.usyd.edu.aunswaol.library.usyd.edu.au/data/pdfs/13068_ID... · R I~ '\ I l I I t 1 I ,; CONTENTS 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 Introduction Background Study Area$
mSTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OF THE

ROUSE ffiLL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT (STAGE 1)

WORKS

ADDITIONAL SITES

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October 1993

Casey & Lowe Associates Archaeological & Heritage Consultants

68 Warren Road MarrickviIIe (02) 5582014

on behalf of

Brayshaw McDonald Pty Ltd Consultant Archaeologists

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CONTENTS

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

2.0

Introduction Background Study Area Methodology Limitations Author Identification Acknowledgments Executive Summary

Historical Overview

3.0 Archaeological Survey 3.1 Additional Sites Identified

4.0 Assessment of Impact 4.1 Sewerage 4.2 Kellyville Elevated Reservoir 4.3 D~partment of Housing

5.0 Assessment of Cultural Significance 5.1 Basis of Assessment 5.2 Assessment of Cultural Significance

6.0 Archaeological Potential and Significance

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7.0 Constraints 7.1 Legislative Constraints

8.0 Management Procedures 8.1 Archaeological Sites in the Area of Impact

9.0 Recommendations 9.1 General Recommendations 9.2 Management Recommendations for Archaeological Sites/Relics

in Area of Impact

10.0 References

11.0 List of Figures

12.0 Abbreviations

Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3

Inventory of Sites Burra Charter Excavation Permit-

Casey & Lowe Associates October 1993

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RIDP (Stage 1) Works

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background

This report was commissioned by Brayshaw McDonald Pty Ltd on behalf of Rouse Hill Pty Ltd. Rouse Hill Pty Ltd plans to develop sections of Rouse Hill, Parklea, and Kellyville. This report covers sites that were not identified in original Survey report but were reported or recorded after the original report was. delivered to the client. These sites are near to or impacted by infrastructure works involving the laying of pipelines for sewerage, potable and reclaimed water; the construction of drainage basins and dumping of spoil, and the construction of sewage pumping stations and elevated reservoirs. In addition, the Department of Housing is developing a housing estate and the RTA is widening sections of Windsor an,d Old Windsor Road.

The report by Brayshaw McDonald Pty Ltd on the Aboriginal archaeology made recommendations for further work to be carried out on 'the Historical Archaeology because they had identified a number of historic sites during their field work and recognised the need for further investigation by a qualified historical archaeologist.

1.2 Study Area

The Study Area covers the Cattai. Creek area and the access road line into the sewage pumping station and sites within the original survey area that were not identified in the original report (Fig. 1,2, 3).

1.3 Methodology

The historiCal archaeological survey did not cover all the study area .. The prehistorians carried out the major field survey, following all the creek' lines and pipelines. During this survey they identified a number of sites of European heritage. These sites were reported to the historical archaeologists who then resurveyed the sites. A few sites were not reported to the historical archaeologists until after they had completed the original survey report. Additional survey work by the prehistorians was carried out for the Cattai Creek area sewer lines and sewage pumping station. Further sites were identified by the historical archaeologists in Historical Archaeological Heritage Study and Assessment of Old Windsor and Windsor Roads, Rouse Hill, NSW. These sites have not been included in this rep.ort. All sites recorded in this report are shown on Figure 3, all sites recorded in the study area are shown on Figure 4.

All sites identified for this report are recorded on inventory sheets in Appendix 1. The numbering system employed in the Dallas et al report was used for the numbering of the new sites. 1 All new sites were numbered consecutively from RH/83, the last number used in the Historical Archaeological Heritage Study and Assessment of Old Windsor and Windsor Roads, Rouse Hill, NSW.

Assessments of impacts for this report were made from survey plans supplied by the Rouse Hill Pty Ltd. .,

1 Dallas, Mackay and Karskens Archaeological Study of the Land within the Shire of Baulkham Hill in the Parklea Release Area 1989 for Baulkham Hill Council

Casey & Lowe Associates October 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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Figure 3: Study Area showing the location of additional sites recorded in this survey_ CMA Topographic Map Riverstone 9030-1-S, 1:25000

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1.4 Limitations

This report should be used in conjunction with the two other reports completed by Casey & Lowe Associates on the RHIP (Stage 1) Works: Historical Archaeological Survey of the Rouse Hill Infrastructure Project (Stage 1) Works and Histo~ical Archaeological Heritage Study and Assessment of Old Windsor. and Windsor Roads, Rouse Hill, NSW. It is a supplement to the original survey report. No additional survey work was done other than to visit the sites included in this report.

1.5 Author Identification

This report was written by Mary Casey and Anthony Lowe of Casey & Lowe Associates. Most of the photographs were taken by Anthony Lowe, a few were taken by Mary Casey.

1.6 Acknowledgments

Many thanks are due to:

Baulkham Hills Historical Society Pam Trimmer Harry Carr

Rouse Hill (Stage 1) P /L: Denise Eisenhuth

Department of Planning: lain Stuart

Grace Karskens

Brayshaw McDonald P/L: Josephine McDonald

B1acktown Council: Sue GaIt, Planner Leonie Gendal, B1acktown Local Studies Librarian

Baulkham Hills Council: Simon Kinchington, Planner

1. 7 Executive Summary

1.7.1 Additional Sites Identified

The following sites were identified and briefly recorded for this report. They are:

RH/84 A sandstock welI/cistern .. ~ RH/8S A corrugated barn/shed with well/cistern RH/86 Cattai Creek l/Afflick holiday house RH/87 Cattai Creek 2


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Each site was individually surveyed and photographed. This information is included in the inventory of sites (Appendix 1).

1. 7.2 Management Recommendations for Archaeological Sites/Relics in Area of

Impact (section 9.2)

1. RH/84, this site will be impacted to some extent by the hQusing development project. This site should be retained in situ and if necessary filled in .. ' Any disturbance to this site will require an excav~tion permit to be submitted by a qualified archaeologist to the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning.

2. RH/85, the barn/shed belonging to this site will be removed. This will require an excavation permit to be submitted by a qualified archaeologist to the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning. The site will require recording prior to any disturbance.

3. RH/86, this site is not directly impacted by the works programme but it is' near to the access road into the sewage pumping station. This site should be fe~ced oft'so as to indicate the location of the site to the contra<;tors. The contractor should be warned al;>out the site and that it is illegal to disturb this relic. All workers should be warned that there should be no pilfering of sandstone or other artefacts from the site. All relics and artefacts are the property of the owner of the site. The fencing off of the area should be done under the supervision of an archaeologist.

4. RH/87, this site is not directly impacted by the works programme but it is near to the access road into the sewage pumping station. This site should be fenced off so as to indicate the location of the-.-site to the contractors. The contractor should be warned about the site and that it is illegal to disturb this relic. All workers should be warned that there should be no pilfering of sandstone or other artefacts from the site. All relics(and artefacts are the property of the owner of the site. The fencing off of the area should be done 'under the supervision of an archaeologist.

5. Rouse Hill (Stage 1) Works Pty Ltd should confirm with the various parties, including the archaeologists, this assessment of the likely impact upon the additional items from the Works programme.


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2.0 Historical Overview

Most of the land around Rouse Hill was first granted from about 1802, some eight years after the first grant in the district along Toongabbie Creek, to the south of the study area.2 The land on the western side of Old Windsor Road north of Meurants Lane to the southern 'boundary of the Stanhope Park property was part of a: Government Stockyard established by 1800.3 There was movement through the region though, initially when Governor Phillip, explored the countryside in 1791, but more regularly after 1794 when Grose made 22 grants at' the Hawkesbury and people started to move to and from Sydney to their land. Grose had a track cut to the Hawkesbury in the same year. He described it as a 'very good road' and noted that an officer using it had taken only eight hours to walk from Sydney to the Hawkesbury.4 This track was periodiCally improved until about 1812 when Macquarie, describing it as scarcely passable, had it replaced by a properly constructed turnpike road (33 feet wide with a ditch either side to drain away water) to link his new town of Windsor with Parramatta.5 There were tollgates at Parramatta and Rouse Hill. 6

This convenience of having road access meant that land along either side of the road to Windsor was gradually taken up. From 1802 several grants were made along Old Windsor Road at the southern end of the study area. Many of these early grantees were free men 'or marines and they received large grants of 100 acres and more, in contrast with the mainly emancipist areas to the south. These settlers grew crops such as wheat and maize while the more wealthy ran sheep and cattle. Some took advantage of the road traffic and set up inns, like the free immigrant John Hillas who set up his business on a 160 acre grant he called 'Stanhope Farm' between the two Windsor Roads. Matthew Pearce took up land in the southern part of the area and at one stage members of. his family owned large portions of the land along Old Windsor Road from Seven Hills to Rouse Hill. 7 The Pearce family by the 1890s was one of the dominant orcharding concerns in Australia. 8

The sparsely settled area was the scene of an important battle between mainly Irish convicts and government troops ~hen in 1804 a rebel force was engaged near Rouse Hill by a squad of soldiers from Sydney. Although short-lived this rebellion contrasts with the social and administrative changes that the colony was starting to experience. It was not long, before even a discriminatedagainst Irish convict could find himself accepted within the new society.

Freed convicts could do well in this frontier region. An example is an Irish convict, Hugh Kelly, who arrived in 1803, was freed in 1810, and was a land holder and self-sufficient by 1814.9 By 1815 he was supplying-meat to the Government and he seemed to be operating a roadhouse, The Halfway House (Le., between Parramatta and Windsor), along the Windsor Road. This later was The Bird in Hand. By 1821 he owned 1000 acres, only 60 of which seems to have been granted. Later in 1821 he was granted 200 acres after he had petitioned Macquarie for compensation for materials taken from his land for re-building of the Windsor Road. By the time of his death in 1835 he could lay claim to 1600 acres. IO Kelly though ,was one of the most successful of the emanclplsts. Other convict settlers are commemorated by local roads: Meurants Lane after Ferdinand Meurant, a convict jeweller; Schofields Road after John Schofield.

2 Dallas et ai, 1989:29

3 Casey & Lowe Associates, 1993, Historical Archaeological Heritage Study and Assessment of Old Windsor and Windsor Roads, Rouse Hill NSW. 4 The Roadmakers; 5 5 ibid, 10 6 Blacktown Heritage Study, 15 7 ibid, 9 8 ibid, 9 9 Galea 1984(?):30 10 ibid, 33


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In the 1810s Macquarie granted land along Windsor Road, north of the junction with the old road. ll By the 1820s some of the landowners attempted to consolidate their holdings. George and Isabella Acres, granted 500 acres in 1823, established a stud, orchard and vineyard. They bought a neighbouring property in 1838.

After 1860 the land left ungranted was the least fertile areas to the north-west of the study area in the Rouse Hill-Cattai Creek area. 12 Lots of 50 acres were subdivided from 1860. Several of these lots were bought by John Seath, who maintained the present Royal Oak Inn near the corner of Commercial Road.

The 1885 survey of Old Windsor Road shows a few scattered houses and somewhat more citrus. orchards and a few areas of cultivation (Fig. 4). There is a post office, police station, and church (Christ Church) at Rouse Hill. Problems with rust had meant the cessation of wheat crops from the middle of the century but citrus crops obviously did quite well. The well-known orchard at 'Glenwood Park' dated from 1850 and covered about 70 acres. 13 Small scale dairying was also introduced. From the 1890s dairying replaced citrus growing to a large extent. The' Stanhope Park' dairy was considered· to be the largest and most modern in the southern hemisphere. 14.

Poultry farming also became popular, replacing many of the orchards. IS - .' .

The land in the study area has remained semi-rural to the present time, with some small centres such as Rouse Hill. Houses are spread along the widely spaced roads and open fields with dairy cattle, golf courses, and market gardens are the most common landscape features.

3.0 Archaeoloeical Survey

3.1 Additional Sites Identified

The following sites were identified and briefly recorded for this report. They are:

RH/84 A sandstock well/cistern RH/85 A corrugated barn/shed with well/cistern RH/86 Cattai Creek 11 Afflick holiday house RH/87 Cattai Creek 2

Each site was individually surveyed and photographed. This information is included in the inventory of sites (Appendix 1).

4.0 Assessment of Impact

4.1 Sewerage

The two Cattai Creek sites (RH/86, RH/87) are close to the access road into the sewage pumping station. The sewer line will be laid down below these sites, on the drainage line running into Cattai

11 Dallas, et ai, 32 12 ibid, 33 13 Blacktown Heritage Study, 26 14 Thorp 1993:7 15 ibid, 28


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Creek. While there appears to be no direct impact from the proposed works these sites will require some protection from construction activities, especially the access road.

4.2 KeUyville Elevated Reservoir

An easement into the Kellyville Elevated Reservoir will require the demolition of the barn at RH/85 but should have no impact on the well.

4.3 Department of Housing

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RH/84 is; in the area of the housing development and will probably be impacted by this development.,

5.0 Assessment of Cultural Significance

5.i Basis of Assessment

To' identify the cultural significance of a heritage item it is necessary to discuss and assess the sign~ficance of the sites identified in the study area. This process will allow for the analysis of the sites "'manifold values. These criteria are part of the system of assessment which is centred on the Burra Charter of Australia ICOMOS (Appendix 2). The Burra Charter principles are important to the conservation and assessment of sites and relics.

The various nature of heritage values and the degree of this value will be appraised according to the following criteria: 16

Historic Significance An item may be associated with and effectively illustrate the evolution and pattern of cultural political, social, economic, industrial or technological development of its area, region or state.

Scientific Significance Scientific significance relates to an item's ability to reveal information which will contribute to the development of research on particular or various subjects.

Cultural Significance Cultural significance pertains to those items which reflect the aspirations, values and changes in contemporary tastes of society.

Social Significance Social significance relates to the way in which an item can illustrate social life - the working and living conditions, often of past eras, but also of contemporary .~ife.

16 These definitions are taken from Herita1!e Assessment Guidelines, 1990 Dept of Planning, NSW.


Archaeological Significance Archaeological significance requires an item to have the potential to define or expand knowledge of earlier human occupation, activities and events through archaeological research.

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Archaeological significance has been further defined as pertaining to a site's research potential if the following questions can be answered:

Does the site

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Ca) contribute knowledge which no other resource can? (b) contribute knowledge which no other site can?

(c) is the knowledge relevant to general questions about human history or other substantive problems relating to Australian History, or does it contribute to other major research questions?17

Architectural Significance an item may have architectural or technical significance as a notable, rare, representational or early example of vernacular building ...

Aesthetic Significance an item may demonstrate important creative accomplishments that influence or challenge standards of beauty or refinement recognised by connoisseurs, a cultural group or community.

Aside from the Nature of significance the Degree of significance must be addressed. A site may have Rarity, Associative, Group, or Representative Values, the Integrity of the site will also affect its degree of significance. '

Rarity individual items or groups which are rare surviving examples of something that was once widespread

Associative Significant for association with people, activities, phases or events in the evolution of New South Wales. 18

Group Collectively, these items contribute to the distinctive continuity or character of the street, neighbourhood or landscape of an area - its 'sense of place t.

Representative an item may be regarded as a good example of its type, a seminal or optimal development of its type, or a significant variant of its type.

17 Quoted from Bickford, A., Sullivan, S., Assessing the Research Potemial of Historic Sites in SuIlivan and Bowdler, Sites Surveys and Significance Assessment in Australian Archaeology, 1984:23. 18 Taken from Domicelj, SHIP, 1990, p.5


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Integrity The degree to which an item or site is intact, without disturbance to the original fabric.

The nature and degree of significance for each site has been assessed based on the basic historical material that was available for each site and the field survey. All sites will be allocated a level of significance which relates to their degree of significance:

- of exceptional significance - of considerable significance - of some significance - of low significance - of no significance

Where a site has been previously assessed and we have concurred with that assessment we have used that level of significance. If we have disagreed with the level of significance or if we have new evidence available we may give it a new level of significance. The sites in this report have not previously been asy:!ssed.

The assessment of significap.ce, of these sites is based on a superficial level of knowledge. Among the recommendations for the sites of levels of significance between some significance and exceptional will be a further assessment of teh items cultural significance if they are to be impacted by the Works programme;


Of exceptional significance None of the sites recorded in this report fall into this level of significance.

Of considerable significance RH/87 is the only site of considerable cultural significance.

Of some significance RH/8S and RH/86 have some cultural significance.

Of low significance RH/84 has a low level of cultural significance.

6.0 Archaeological Potential and Significance

Archaeological potential specifically relates to the probability of archaeological remains surviving in the ground while archaeological significance relates to the site's ability to contribute knowledge that no other site or resource can. These archaeological sites must also contribute knowledge about general questions of human history and other research questions in Australian History.

RH/87 has considerable archaeological potential, RH/86 has some archaeological potential and RH/84 and RH/85 have a low level of archaeological potential.

Casey & Lowe Associates October 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works I

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7.0 Constraints

7.1 Legislative Constraints

7.1.1 Blacktown LEP 1988

There are four sites listed on the Blacktown Local Environmental Plan 1988 that are in or near the study area:

1. Exeter Cottage, Meurants Lane 2. Glenwood Park Dairy, Sunnyholt Road, Lot 41, D.P. 814447, ParkIea 3. Merriville? Vinegar Hill Road - Lot 1, D.P. 204060, KeIIyviIIe 4. Site of the Battle of Vinegar Hill, Memorial Site, Part Lot 4, D.P. 550771, KeIIyviIle

None of these sites are included in the sites covered by the additional survey.

7.1.2 Baulkham Hills LEP 1991

There are sites in or near the study area that are included in Schedule 1 of the Baulkham Hills LEP 1991.

1. 50. 'Bella Vista', Lot 1 and 2 D.P. 584274 and Pt Lot 102 D.P. 624884, Old Windsor Road KellyviIle

2. 89. Former Divine Word Missionaries, 100 Windsor Road, Part Portion 93, Parish of Castle Hill (Pt 79832), Kellyville

3. 90. 'Mungerie', Lot 2, D.P. 702137, Windsor Road, Rouse Hill. 4. 91. Royal Oak IIll1, Lot 1, D.P. 747364, Windsor Road, Rouse Hill 5. 92. Christ Church, Part portion 79, Parish of Castle Hill, Wiridsor Road, Rouse Hill 6. 103. 'WeIIgate', Withers Road, KeIIyville '

Amendment 3 to the 1991 LEP was gazetted in June 1992. A number of other items that are in or near the study area were added to the LEP list:

7. Cemetery, Lot 49, 50 and 51, D.P. 193021, Mile End Road Rouse Hill 8. 'Aberdoon', House, Lot 1, D.P. 740110, Mile End Road, Rouse Hill 9. Slab Hut, Lot 3, D.P. 564652, Mile End Road, Rouse Hill 10. 'MaryJands Stud' gates, Lot 11, D.P. 30803, Victoria Road, KelIyviIIe 11 'Mount St. Francis', House, Lot 4, D.P. 402692, Windsor Road, KeIIyviIIe 12 Private burial ground and ruins, Lot 2, D.P. 564652, Withers Road, KeIIyviIIe. 13 House, Lot 11, D.P. 2123, Wrights Road, KelIyviIIe 14 'Winslow', House, Lot 1, D.P. 513521, Wrights Road, KelIyviIIe

None of these sites are among the additional sites covered by this survey.

7.1.3 Regional Environmental Plans (REP)

A number of sites of environmental heritage were identified in Schedule 1 of the SREP 19 that are near or in the study area:


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1 Divine Word Mission, House, 100 Windsor Road, Kellyville 2 'Bella Vista' and outbuildings and Bunya Pines, Lot 2 D.P. 584274 3 Christ Church, part portion 79, Parish of Castle Hill, Windsor Road 4 Royal Oak Inn, Lot 3, D.P. 30916, Windsor Road 5 'Meurants Cottage', part Lot 244, D.P. 260104, Meurants Lane 6 'Glenwood Park Dairy', residence, Lot 4, D.P. 615621, off Sunnyholt Road 7 'Merriville', Lot 1, D.P. 204060, Vinegar Hill Road

None of these sites are among the additional sites covered by this survey.

7.1.4 Heritage Act 1977 (Amended)

7.1.4.1 Section 139 - Relics Provisions - Excavation Penpit

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There are a number of legislative constraints that will affect the course of the works programme. Under the relics provisions Section 139 of the Heritage Act 1977:

. . A person shall not disturb or excavate- any land for the purpose of discovering, exposing or moving a relic, not being a relic subject to a conservation instrument, except in accordance with an ex~avation permit~

A 'relic' as defined by the Act is:

.. any deposit, object or material evidence-(a) which relates to the settlement of the area that comprises New South Wales, not being aboriginal settlement; and

(b) which is 50 or more years old;

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A 'relic' is an item of 'environmental heritage' defined by the Heritage Act 1977 as:

those buildings, works, relics or places of historic, scientific, cultural, social, archaeological, architectural, natural or aesthetic significance for the State.

An item identified as an archaeological site or relic cannot be impacted upon without an excavation permit. An application for an excavation permit must be made to the Heritage Council and it may take two to four weeks for it to be processed. The application for a permit must nominate a qualified archaeologist to manage the disturbance of the relic. A excavation permit application is contained in Appendix 3. There is a processing fee attached to each excavation permit.

The following sites are affected by the relics provisions of the Heritage Act 1977:

RH/84 A sandstock well/cistern RH/85 A corrugated barn/shed with well/cistern RH/86 Cattai Creek l/Afflick holiday house RH/87 Cattai Creek 2

If during the course of the works programme physical evidence of foundations or groups of artefacts are exposed it will be necessary to stop work and notify the Heritage Council of NSW of this disturbance to this site. A suitably qualified archaeologist will have to examine the site before work proceeds.


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7.1.4.2 Permanent Conservation Orders

None of the additional sites identified for this survey are protected by a peG.

7.1.5 Australian Heritage Commission Act

None of the additional sites in this study are listed on the National Estate. The listing of an item on the National Estate only has legislative constraint if an item to be impacted is owned by the Australian Government or the activity affecting the site was the result of. Federal Government funding, or if it required Federal Government consent prior to development proceeding.

7.1.6 National Trust (NSW)

None of the additional sites are listed by the National Trust.

8.0 Management Procedures

8.1 Archaeological Sites in the Area of Impact

8.1.1 Sites of exceptional significance

In the Dallas et at report a number of procedures were recommended for dealing with historical archaeological sites. 19 For sites of exceptional significance the major recommendation was for a conservation plan to be produced prior to consideration of development. None of the additional sites in this report ..... were of exceptional significance.

8.1.2 Sites of considerable significance

In the Dallas et al report the recommendation for dealing with sites of considerable archaeological potential was to recommend historical research. We extend this further to recommend the production of a Baseline Archaeol<;>gical Assessment.

A Baseline Archaeological Assessment is a management tool for recognising the extent of potential archaeological remains, assessing their cultural significance and making recommendations to deal with the identified archaeological deposits in the light of p.roposed impact from development.

The production of a Baseline Archaeological Assessment is a systematic methodological process which involves a series of phases:

1. Historical research utilising primary material such as maps, pictorial material, directories, and council records, and secondary sources. Through this process sub-surface remains may be located on plan with an analysis of their historical development, construction and use. This provides a picture of the likely extent of archaeological remains and a mini-picture of land use for the site within the context-of a wider land use scenario.

19 Mary Dallas, Richard Mackay and Grace Karskens, Archaeological Study of the Land within the Shire of Baulkham Hill in the Parklea Release Area, 1989:46-48.


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2. This analysis is then compared to the existing site and the probable impact upon the sub-surface remains. From this synthesis an assessment can be made of the nature and extent of existing archaeological deposits. This leads to a discussion of the archaeological potential of the site.

3. The cultural significance of the site's archaeological deposits are addressed through criteria listed in the Heritage Act 1977 and implemented through the Burra Charter. They include the nature and levels of cultural significance such as archaeological, historical, social, architectural, scientific, aesthetic, degree of rarity and other types of significance.

4. Based on this assessment of archaeological potential and significance, policy and recommendations are produced regarding the manageIJ?ent of the archaeologi~al deposits and mitigating actions in light of a proposed development.

The above process is based on the Burra Chart.er guidelines for the establishment of cultural significance and the development of a conservation policy. Through this methodology the archaeological resource will be best served and there will be minimal delays to or interference with development proposals.

. . . Only one site in the four additional sites covered by this survey is of considerable significance, RH/87. This site appears not be impacted by the works programme. If its status changes at any time it will require a Baseline Archaeological Assessment. .

8.1.3 Sites of some significance

The sites included in this group have limited archaeological potential. A basic assessment has indicated that their cultural significance has been reduced by the diminished integrity of the sites. The preferred option Jor managing these sites is to leave them intact and undisturbed. If this is not possible they must be fully recorded and monitored during works. that are likely to disturb them.

There are two sites that fall into this category, RH/8S and RH/86. RH/8S will be demolished by the works programme but RH/86 appears not to be impacted. The demolition of RH/8S requires an excavation permit from the Heritage Council, Department of Planning.

8.1.4 Sites of low significance

The sites included in this group have little archaeological potential. The preferred option for managing these sites is to leave them intact and undisturbed. If this is not possible they must be fully recorded and monitored during works that are likely to disturb them. Only one of the additional sites falls into this category, RH/84, a well. This well is not associated with any other structures. It has little archaeological potential although it does have some. Any disturbance of this site will require an excavation permit.


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9.0 Recommendations

The following recommendations are made on the basis of:

i. Legal requirements under S. 139 of the Heritage Act 1977 where it is:

illegal to disturb or excavate any land for the purpose of discovering, exposing or moving a relic, not being a relic subject to a conservation instrument, except in accordance with an excavation permit;

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ii. Legal requirements of the EPA Act in respect of LEPs and REPs where disturbance to scheduled items requires consent from the local council;

iii. The results of the an;haeological survey for historical sites based on the current water, sewerage, road, housing and drainage design plans;

iv. The assessment of the archaeological requirements of the new sites found and the previously known sites relocated during this survey;

The recommendations fall into two categories:-

1. General management principles which should be adhered to, where possible, in the location of the works programme,

2. Specific recommendations about the management of individual sites,

9.1 General Recommendations

1. Historical archaeological sites of exceptio'nal significance should not be disturbed and appropriate protection should be put in place. Various management options should be considered for these sites, such as, protective measures, and relocation of development to minimise impact.

2. Historical archaeological sites and heritage items of considerable significance should be avoided if possible and appropriate protection should be put in place. Various management options shouls! be considered for these sites, such as, protective measures, and relocation of development to minimise impact. Where an archaeological site cannot be avoided an excavation permi~ will be required.

3. Historical archaeological sites and heritage items of some significance should be avoided where possible and appropriate protection should be put in place. If an archaeological site cannot be avoided an excavation permit will be required prior to disturbance.

4. Historical archaeological sites and heritage items of low significance should be avoided where possible and appropriate pro~ection put in place. If an archaeological site cannot be avoided then an excavation permit wVl be required prior to disturbance. In most cases no further work will be required on these sites.

Casey & Lowe Associates October 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) \Vorks

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9.2 Management Recommendations for Archaeological Sites/Relics in Area of

Impact

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1. RH/84, this site will be impacted to some extent by the housing development project. This site should be retained in situ and if necessary filled in. Any disturbance to this site will require an excavation permit to be submitted by a qualified archaeologist to the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning.

2. RH/85, the barn/shed belonging to this site will be removed. This will require ap.,excavation permit to be submitted by a qualified archaeologist to the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning. The site will require recording prior to any disturbance.

3. RH/86, this site is not d,irectly impacted by the works programme but it is near to the access road into the sewage pumping station. This site should be fenced off so as to indicate the location of the site to the contractors. The contractor should be warned about the site and that it is illegal to disturb this relic. All workers should be warned that there should be no pilfering of sandstone or other artefacts from the site. All relics and artefacts are the property of the owner of the site. The fencing off of the area should be done under the supen.:,is'ion of an archaeologist.

4. RH/87, this site is not directly impacted by the works programme but it is near to the access road into the sewage pumping station. This site should be fenced off so as to indicate the location of the site to the contractors. The contractor should be warned about the site and that. it is illegal to disturb this relic. All workers should be warned that there should be nO pilfering of sandstone or other artefacts from the site. All relics and artefacts are the property of the owner of the site. The fencing off of the area should be done under the supervision of an archaeologist.

5. Rouse Hill (Stage 1) Works Pty Ltd should confirm with the various parties, including the archaeologists, this assessment of impact on all items from the Works programme.

10.0 References

Primary Sources

M itch ell Library State Archives Office BIacktown Local Studies Library

Secondary Sources

Bickford, A., SuIIivan, S., 1984 Assessing the Research Potential of Historic Sites in SuIlivan and Bowdler, Sites Surveys and Significance Asse~sment in Australian Archaeology, 1984:23.

Brayshaw McDonald P/L 19~h Archaeological Survey of the Rouse Hill Infrastructure Project (Stage 1) Works along Caddies. SmaIls and Second Ponds Creeks. Rouse Hill. NSW for Rouse Hill Joint Venture


Casey & Lowe Associates 1993a

1993b

Historical Archaeological Survey of the- Rouse Hill Infrastructure Project, for Brayshaw McDonald and RHIP (Stage 1) Works Pty Ltd.

Historical Archaeological Heritage Study and Assessment of Old Windsor and Windsor Roads, for Brayshaw McDonald and Rouse Hill (Stage 1) Works Pty Ltd

Dallas, Mackay and Karskens 1989

15

Archaeological Study of the Land within the Shire of Baulkham Hill in the Parklea Release Area for B'cmlkham Hill Council

Envirosciences Pty Ltd 1993 Heritage Sites of Significance within the Rouse Hill Infrastructure Project Region for Rouse Hill Joint Venture

Jc;mathan Falk Planning Consultants P/L and Rodney Jensen and Associated P/L 1985 : Blacktown Heritage Study for Blacktown Council

Gutteridge Haskins & Davey P/L 1992 Review of Environmental Factors, Rouse Hill Development Area Stage 1 - Infrastructure Works: Potable Water, Reclaimed Water, Draina!!e, Sewerage

Department of Main Roads 1976 _ -The Roadmakers, Department of Main Roads.

Mitchell McCotter and Associates P/L 1993 Extract frOm Environmental Impact Study for the RT A

Department of Planning 1990 _ Heritage Assessment Guidelines, NSW Department of Planning.

Howard Tanner & Associates P/L 1983 North-West Sector Heritage Study for the Department of Planning

Thornton, C. Rouse Hill House and the Rouses

W. Thorp 1993 Survey of Historic Resources, Stanhope Park, Parklea, NSW, for the Department of

Housing


Figure 1: Locality Map, Rouse Hill Development Area. Figure 2: Study Area showing the location of proposed developments. Figure 3: Study Area showing.Jhe location of additional sites recorded in this survey. Figure 4: Study area showing all the sites recorded within the area of impact from RHIP (Stage 1)

Works.


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D.P. LEP PCO RHAS REP RHIP SAO WB

Abbreviations

Deposited Plan Local Environmental Plan Permanent Conservation Order Rouse Hill Archaeological Study Regional Environmental Plan Rouse Hill Infrastructure Project State Archives Office Water Board

Casey & Lowe Associates October 1993

16

RlllP (Stage 1) Works

17

Appendix 1 Inventory of Sites

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I Casey & Lowe Associates October 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Pty Ltd

Name: 'Stanho e Park' well T e of Item: Well

Location: Hill to north of 'Stanhope Park' site Grid Ref: E: 30760001 N: 6267980

Site Number: RH/84 Date: Au ust 1993 Recorder: MC

Description: Large sandstock well or cistern that is full of metal debris. There appears to be a ladder against one side. The well is located on the top of a hill.

History/Comments: Associated with 'Stanhope Park'.

I ~D~a~te~: ______________________________________________________________________ ~ Themes:

I Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative Level of Cultural Significance: Of some significance

Nature of Impact: Potted Water n

Dept of Housing 8 Reclaimed Water El RTA Road

Heritage Listings/Planning Instruments:

Representative Representative x

Representative Representative Representative Representative Re resentative

Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Int rit

Basin El Dump

Sewerage 0

SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP 0 Recommendations: Retain, fill in if necessar

NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS 0 OTHERS 0

Ca tion:Sandstock brick welllookin round Informants: J. McDonald

References:

Ca.,ey & Lowe Associates September J 993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993

Location: Wrights Road, Kellyville near Victoria Road corner Recorder: Grid Ref: E: 311950/ N: 6267470 Description: Central gable with skill ion additions, red-painted corrugated iron cladding and roller doors in eastern face. Bush post frame, some circular sawn timbers. A brick-lined well is said to be located on the property. Mr Dimech has provided the approx. location as it is filled in and covered over. History/Comments: This shed/barn is though to have been built by the 1880s. The well wa<; the source of water for the property prior to the property being connected to town water. The barn will be removed for the construction of the access road. See figure overleaf. Date: 1880s

A~sessment of Cultural Historic SignifICance: Archaeological SignifICance: Social SignifICance: Architectural SignifICance: ScientifIC SignifICance: Aesthetic SignifICance: Other:

Rare Rare Rare Rare Rare Rare

Associative Associative Associative Associative Associative Associative

Level of Cultural Significance: Of some significance

Nature of Impact: Elevated Reservoir access road

Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative

Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity

P.otted Water ~ Reclaimed Water ~ Dept .of H.ousing 0 RTA R.oad 0

Basin n Dump 0

Sewerage 0

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP 0

Recommendations: if if

Casey & Lowe A<;sociates September 1993

NAT.TRUST 0 it must be nn,np,r.

RHAS 0 recorded.

OTHERS 0

RHIP (Stage I) Works

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OWNERS LAND SHOWN EDGED GREEN

LAND PROPOSED TO BE ACQUIRED BY THE BOARD S HOYlN EDGED REO

EASEMENTS PROPOSED TO BE ACQUIREQ BY TH~ BOA"RO - ~HQWN f'QGEO_~BLU'~

REGION NW

Plan showing the land owned by Mr Dimech and the approximate location of the barn and well Scale 1: 1500, WB

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Location: Track off Green Road near corner of Poole ~oad Grid Ref: E:3117001 N:6269450 ~t4 Description: Ruined rubble sandstone house footings near existing access track. Timber framed rectangular structure with verandah to the west and east. Collapsed timber frame with corrugated iron roofing and walling with evidence of two fireplaces, in situ tongue and groove timber flooring, some evidence of burning. There is some cement flooring in the western verandah with waste holes, possibly used as a bathroom. History/Comments: This property was bought by the Aftlick family in 1939. In 1941 a holiday house was built. Part of a grant made in 1839 to Isaac Titterton. Part of portions 29 and 30. Date: 1941

Assessment of Cultural ~1~~mltlOmce: Historic SignifICance: Rare Archaeological Significance: Rare Social Significance: Rare Architectural Significance: Rare Scientific SignifICance: Rare Aesthetic Significance: Rare Other: Rare

Associative Associative Associative Associative Associative Associative


Nature of Impact: Near access road Potted Water n Reclaimed Water n

Dept of Housing 0 RT A Road 0

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993


Basin n Dump 0


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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Pty Ltd

Name: Cattai Creek 2 Site Number: RH/87

T e of Item: Archaeolo ical Site Date: 30/9/1993

Location: Recorder: MC, AL

Grid Ref: E:311720/ N:6269500 Description: Remains of an extensive sandstone retaining wall and building with upright fireplace with chimney. The rear sandstone retaining wall is approx. 15m long with between 2 to 5 courses of sandstone, it then curves off to the east. There is a small area of quarrying to the north-west. Surrounded b bushland. History/Comments: This allotment was originally granted to Isaac Titterton in 1839. No details are known about the date of construction of the house. Date: Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Other: Rare Associative Re resentative Int rit

Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance

Nature of Impact: Near access road Potted Water n Reclaimed Water n

Dept of Housing 0 RTA Road 0 Basin n Dump 0

Sewerage c:::J

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D

Recommendations: Retain, there should be no im

Ca tion: Informants: Mrs Pam Noble References:

NAT. TRUST D RHAS D act cordon off from access road, no

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Stage I) W or~"

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• ~ •• • 111

1111.11. 11 •••• tllI •• M ••• JIII

ffiSTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL

HERITAGE STUDY

AND ASSESSMENT

OF

OLD ~SOR ROAD

AND

~SOR ROAD

ROUSE IllLL NSW

FOR'

ROUSE IllLL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT (STAGE 1) WORKS

September 1993


68 Warren Road Marrickville (02) 5582014

on behalf of


CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Study Area 1 1.3 Methodology 1 1.4 Limitations 2 1.5 Authorship 2 1.6 Acknowledgments 2 1.7 Executive Summary 2

2.0 Historical Overview 2.1 Old Windsor and Windsor Road 4 2.2 Archaeological Sites 7

3.0 Field Survey 16

4.0 Archaeological Potential 24

5.0 Assessment of Cultural Significance 5.1 Basis of Assessment of Cultural Significance 26 5.2 Discussion and Statement of Cultural Significance 28

6.0 Impact from Development 31

7.0 Constraints 33

/ 8.0 Management Procedures 35

9.0 Recommendations 37

10.0 Abbreviations 39

11.0 References 39

12.0 Figures 41

i Appendix 1: Inventory of sites ,

I Appendix 2: Directories Appendix 3: Newspaper references ! '

Appendix 4: Application for an Excavation Permit Appendix 5: Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter

mSTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OF THE

ROUSE IDLL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT (STAGE 1)

WORKS

July 1993


68 Warren Road Marrickville (02) 5582014

on behalf of


'l' -1J,;~'" ':':\'1 .' f' \1 \

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Baulkham Hills Council: Simon Kinchington, Planner

Department of Planning: lain Stuart Lisa Newell

1.7 Executive Summary

1.7.1 Sites of Cultural Significance

Preliminary assessment of cultural significance of sites identified in the study area that are in the works programme zone of impact: >

Of exceptional significance:

Archaeological sites/relics RH/68 Stanhope Park, site of house, outbuildings and trees

Of considerable significance:

Standing Structures RH/20 Royal Oak Inn RH123 Christ Church (SREP 19). RH174 Glenwood Park hous~ and buildings

Archaeological Sites/Relics RH/25 Rouse Hill Cemetery (LEP) RH/29 Second Ponds Creek Bridge RH/33 Old Windsor Road RH/34 Burial and house site, Withers Road RH/35 House site with wells RH/36 Former house site RH/40 Rouse Hill Police Station site RH/46 Rouse Hill Post Office site RH/52 Hezlett Road Bridge RH/54 Stone culvert - Old Windsor Road, south of Meurants Lane RH/55 Post and rail fencing - eastern side of Old Windsor Road, south of Meurants Lane RH/57 Stone culvert - Windsor Road south of Merriville Road corner RH/60 Post arid rail fencing, Windsor Road opposite Mile End Road

Post and rail fencing generally

Of some significance:

Standing structures RH/4 Marylands Stud gates RH/50 House and outbuildings, 984 Old Windsor Road

Casey & Lowe Associates RHIP (Stagel) Works

RH/51 House on northern side of Meurants Lane RH173 House, Acres Road, Kellyville

Archaeological Sites/Relics RH/53 McLaughlin Footbridge RH/56 Stone culvert - Windsor Road north of Schofields turn-off RH/58 Old line of Windsor Road and probable bridge footings RH/59 Old line of Windsor Road across Smalls Creek RH/65 Glenwood Park, Bridge 1 - timber bridge RH/66 Glenwood Park, Bridge 2 - sandstone bridge RH/67 Glenwood Park, driveway RH/64 Quarrying site on Caddies Creek off Mile End Road, above PAD 14 RH170 Stanhope Park, Timber bridge (1) on Caddies Creek RH171 Stanhope Park, Stone dam wall on Caddies Creek RH172 Stanhope Park, Timber bridge (2) on Caddies Creek

Of low significance:

Standing Structures RH128 House, on the corner of Mile End Road and Withers Road RH/24 Former house

Archaeological Sites/Relics RH/61 Quarrying site near RH/CD7 RH/62 Quarrying site near RH/CD6 RH/63 Quarrying site at RH/CD2 RH/69 House and Garden site, off Commercial Road RH175 Glenwood Park dairy and outbuildings

Recommendations on how to' deal with these sites and their varying levels of significance are discussed in Section 9.

1.7.2 General Recommendations

1. Historical archaeological sites of exceptional significance should not be disturbed and appropriate protection should be put in place. Various management options should be considered for these sites, such as, protective measures, and relocation of development to minimise impact; If any work is done in the are of this site it will require an excavation permit.

2. Historical archaeological sites and heritage items of considerable significance should be avoided if possible and appropriate protection should be put in place. Various management options should be considered for these sites, such as, protective measures, and relocation of development to minimise impact. Where an archaeological site cannot be avoided an excavation permit will be required. '

3. Historical archaeological sites and heritage items of some significance should be avoided where possible and appropriate protection should be put in place. If an archaeological site cannot be avoided an excavation permit will be required prior to disturbance.


4. Historical archaeological sites and heritage items of low significance should be avoided where possible and appropriate protection put in place. If an archaeological site cannot be avoi9.ed then an excavation permit will be required prior to disturbance. No further work will be required on these sites.

1.7.3 Recommendations for further work

1. A number of sites were identified from the historical material too late in the production of this report to carry out survey work. These sites need to be surveyed and further historical research undertaken.

- Toll gatelhouse at Rouse Hill, which we believe was located on the north-western side of Second Ponds Creek. - Location of cistern or well in the area of the Kellyville elevated reservoir on Wrights Road. - The inns at the junction of Old Windsor and Windsor Road. While there is no physical eVIdence for their presence there are numerous references to them in the documentation and further research should be carried out to try and locate these two important sites and make recommendations to deal with them.

2. The number of sites mentioned in the primary historical material along Old Windsor and what is now Windsor Road (Windsor Road north of the junction of the two roads was Old Windsor Road) indicate that there are numerous potential archaeological sites along this road. A Baseline Archaeological Assessment is required for the areas along Windsor and Old Windsor Roads that will be affected by the wodes programme. The Baseline Archaeological Assessment would include the road structures (culverts and bridges), post and rail fence lines and the archaeological sites.

3. The Old Windsor and-- Windsor: Road fence lines will be seriously affected by the works programme. It is important that remnants of the early post and rail fence lines be retained as part of the historical landscape. Recommendations regarding which sections of fencing should be reinstated needs to be addressed as part of the Baseiine Archaeological Assessment.

4. Further survey work is required in the areas of impact not covered by this survey.

5. If there are alterations to the design of the works programme then other areas may need to be surveyed.

6. If any relics, artefacts or archaeological deposits or sites are exposed during the development process then work must cease and the Heritage Branch of the Department of Planning must be informed and a qualified archaeologist contacted to look at the exposed site.


~1)

CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Study Area 1

1.3 Methodology 2

1.4 Limitations

1.5 Author Identification 2

2 1.6 Acknowledgments

3 1.7 Executive Summary

2.0 Review of Other Historical/Heritage/EIS Reports 6

in the Study Area

3.0 Historical Overview 10

4.0 Archaeological Survey 12

12 4.1 Known Sites

.-'

4.2 New Sites Identified During the Survey 15

5.0 Assessment of Impact 21

21 5.1 RTA

5.2 Department of Housing 22

22 5.3 Drainage Basins

23 5.4 Sewerage

23 5.5 Water

6.0 Assessment of Cultural Significance 24

6.1 Basis of Assessment 24

6.2 Assessment of Cultural Significance 26

7.0 Archaeological Potential and Significance 28

8.0 Constraints



9.1 Archaeological Sites in the Area of Impact

9.2 Standing Structures in the Area of Impact

10.0 Recommendations

29

32

34

10.1 General Recommendations 36

10.2 Management Recommendations for Archaeological Sites/Relics

in Area of Impact 37

10.3 Management Recommendations for Standing Structures 37

10.4 Recommendations for Further Work 38

11.0 References 39

12.0 List of Illustrations 40

13.0 Abbreviations

14.0 Appendixes

Appendix 1 Inventory of Sites

Appendix 2 List of Sites with Grid References

Appendix 3 Burra Charter.

Appendix 4 Excavation Permit

40

1.0 Introduction

1 .1 Background

This report was commissioned by Brayshaw McDonald Pty Ltd on behalf of Rouse Hill Pty Ltd. Rouse Hill plans to develop sections of Rouse Hill, Parklea, and Kellyville. These infrastructure works involve the laying of pipelines for sewerage, potable and reclaimed water; the construction of drainage basins and dumping of spoil, and the construction of sewage pumping stations and elevated reservoirs. In addition, the Department of Housing is developing a housing estate and the RTA is widening sections of Windsor and Old Windsor Road.

The report by Brayshaw McDonald on the Aboriginal archaeology made recommendations for further work to be carried out on the Historical Archaeology because they had identified a number of historic sites during their field work and recognised the need for further investigation by a qualified historical archaeologist.

1 .2 Study Area

The Study Area covers all the areas identified as likely to be impacted by the various projects being carried out by Rouse Hill Pty Ltd (Fig. 1). The southern part of the Study starts at the junction of Old Windsor R<?ad and Seven Hills Road at Seven Hills and terminates to the north at the junction of Windsor Road and Annangrove Road, Rouse Hill (Fig. 2). The study area between Seven Hills Road and Meurants Lane is confined to the RTA road works. To the north of Meurants Lane the area of impact widens considerably to include a number of side roads, drainage basins, creek lines and housing development sites. The study area extends as far to the west as Sunnyholt Road and as far to the east as Wrights Road and Cattai Creek, Kellyville.

/

The study area includes large tracts of semi-rural land that have experienc~ minimal development except in areas such as Kellyville and Parklea Markets. I

. 1 .3 Methodology

The historical archaeological survey did not cover all the study area. The prehistorians carried out the major field survey, following all the creek lines and pipelines. During this survey they identified a number of sites of European heritage. These sites were then resurveyed by the historical archaeologists.

The historical archaeologists carried out additional survey work in areas where there were known historic sites, such as Glenwood Park, Stanhope Park and Old Windsor Road. A number of sites identified in the studies referred to below that were recognised as possessing archaeological potential were resurveyed with the intention of assessing the extent of impact from the works programme. All new sites were recorded on individual Inventory sheets which are included in Appendix 1 and located on pl<in (Fig. 3).

Known sites of European heritage that were identified in the Dallas et al Baulkham Hills Archaeology Study which would be impacted by the works programme are recorded on Inventory

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Casey & Lowe Associates undertook the cultural and archaeological assessment of Old Windsor and Windsor Roads for Brayshaw McDonald Pty Ltd who were co'mmissioned by Rouse Hill (Stage 1) Pty Ltd. The fuller assessment of the two roads and their associated archaeological features was recommended in Historical Archaeological Survey of the Rouse Hill Infrastructure Project (Stage 1) Works, that Casey & Lowe Associates completed in July 1993.

In the survey report Old Windsor Road, RH/33, was identified as being listed on the National Estate and by the National Trust (NSW). This indicated that the road had a considerable level of cultural significance and warranted a programme of fuller assessment. In addition, there were a number of known archaeological structures and sites associated with the use of the road and a number of potential archaeological sites of unknown location that needed to be found through further historical research. This report also addresses the line of Windsor Road from the junction with Old Windsor Road to Annangrove Road, the northern extent of the study area.

The aim.of this report is to provide a full assessment of the cultural significance of Old Windsor and Windsor Road and an assessment of the archaeological potential and significance of the identified sites that will be impacted.

1.2 Study Area

The study area contains those sections of Old Windsor Road and Windsor Road between Seven Hills Road in the south and Annangrove Road in the north (Fig. 1, 2). It includes all the relics that are near to or within the rgad reserve that may be affected by the Stage 1 works programme, especially the laying of water pipes. Many of these sites were recorded in the Historical Archaeological Survey o/the Rouse Hill Infrastructure Project (Stage 1) Worki We have amended Figure 3 to include all known sites, including those founa after the original survey, up to 20th September 1993.

1.3 Methodology

A thorough survey of the line of road between the two boundary roads was carried out with all distances and sections being recorded on plan. The writers drove the whole length of Old Windsor and Windsor Roads to Windsor to compare the nature of the extant cuttings and fences. Sites that were identified in the Historical Archaeological Survey Report as 'being impacted by the works programme, especially RH/46, were given a detailed historical assessment.

Some sites were more accessible through the historical record than others and this made it easier to record these sites in detail. Where there has been little information available we have had to be brief in the detailing of the historical material for the site. Special attention was given to Mackenzie's 1885 road survey froin Windsor to Parramatta. Its record of the buildings and features along the road provided a basis for the modern field survey.

The numbering of the sites follows on from our earlier survey which in turn continued the sequence began by Dallas et ai, Archaeological Study of the Land within the Shire of Baulkham Hills in the Parklea Release Area, 1989.

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1.4 Limitations

This report is concerned with the sites that will be impacted by the workS programme and therefore addresses those sites and sections of the road that will face impact from this programme. .There is a limited access to local historical material because Baulkham Hill Council does not maintain a local studies collection.

There are few Post Office or other directories for the second half of the nineteenth century which cover Rouse Hill. This produces a lack of information regarding the nature and type of buildings lining Windsor Road around Rouse Hill. Old Windsor Road was not covered by any of the directories.

1.5 Author Identification

This report was written and researched by Mary Casey and Anthony Lowe. Anthony Lowe was responsible for the photographs and re-drawn plans. .

1.6 . Acknowledgments

Many thanks are due to:

Baulkham Hills Historical Society Pam Trimmer Harry Carr

Rouse Hill (Stage 1) P/L: Denise Eisenhuth /

Department of Planning: lain Stuart

Grace Karskens

J osephine McDonald

1.7 Executive Summary

Statement of Significance

Old Windsor Road has historic, archaeological, aesthetic, and social significance for past, present, and future generations. It is a rare remnant eighteenth and early nineteenth-century road associated with the development of the colony with a high degree of physical integrity. It retains elements of its original appearance, configuration and scenic vistas. It has the ability to evoke images of past carriageways with its narrow cuttings through high spurs with post and rail fencing crowning the ridges. If has intact nineteenth-century structures and relics (RH/54, RH/55). Its construction by convicts was integral to the development of farming along the Hawkesbury and Windsor and the provision of food supplies to the small colonial population. It was the beginning of the movement of settlements beyond Parramatta and Sydney. This layering of fabric and activities makes Old Windsor Road a rare roadway in both NSW and Australia. It is the oldest roadway in NSW with its original alignment and cuttings dating b~tween 1794 and 1812.

Casey & Lowe Associates Old Windsor & Windsor Roads RHIP (Stage 1)

General Recommendations

1. All items and sites identified in this report should be conserved where possible.

2. If any of the archaeological sites are to impacted they will require archaeological investigation under the supervision of a qualified archaeologist.

3. Any disturbance to sites or relics will require an excavation permit from the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning. .

Recommendations for RH/33 Old Windsor Road (Section 8.0)

1. This section of Old Windsor Road has cultural significance for past, present, and future generations and therefore it should not be destroyed. It is a unique roadway and should be conserved for the use, appreciation and enjoyment of the people of NSW.

2. The improvements to Old Windsor Road should, where POSSible, be diverted around the existing stretch of roadway 1.5krn either side of Meurants Lane so as to leave the significant str.etches of roadway intact.

3. The stretch of Old Windsor Road that has been by-passed, RH 78, should be cleaned up by removing the bitumen that has been dumped there. The road surface should be stabilised so as to prevent further erosion of its surface.

4. Interpretation signage should be supplied for both sections of Old Windsor Road which illustrate the history and significance of the roadway to the public.

Casey & Lowe Associates Old Windsor & Windsor Roads

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2.0 Historical Overview

2.1 Old Windsor Road and Windsor Road

Old Windsor Road

Movement 'from Parramatta and Toongabbie towards the Hawkesbury was infrequent after the initial exploration of the countryside, as when Governor Phillip travelled through it in 1791, until 1794 when Grose made 22 grants along the Hawkesbury and people started to move to and from Sydney to their land. Grose had a track cut to the Hawkesbury in the same year, surveyed by Charles Grimes (Fig. 4). He described it as a 'very good road' and noted that an officer using it had taken less than eight hours to walk from Sydney to the Hawkesbury.l At this stage the road was called the Hawkesbury Road. This road however would not have been more than a walking track, there being little need for a properly constructed road at this stage. In 1797 orders were given for all people in various regions to provide a certain period each week to put their roads in good order. So the inhabitants of the Hawkesbury district were charged with repairing the road two-thirds of the way to Parramatta, meeting up with those working from the Parramatta side. Their road was to be twenty feet wide.2 It has been commented that the road was a little circuitous and this was probably so to keep to the higher ground and cross the creeks at the easiest fords. 3

By 1800 the Government Stock Yard had been sited along the western side of the road north of Meurants Lane. 4 This meant this part of the road would have been in continuous use. Tbere was obviously still an Aboriginal presence in the district as two attacks on the Stock Yard took place in 1805 and others on the Hawkesbury River settlers near to Green Hills (later Windsor).5 The first grants in the area were made along Old Windsor Road at this time. John Hillas, a free settler, was granted 100 acres in 1802 and more land in 1804 between Old and new Windsor roads. He named the latter grant Stanhope Farm and opened the first inn, the Stanhope Arms, along this part of the road, advertising it in the Sydney Gazette. 6

' In 1803 directions were given to "make a more convenient road to Hawkesbury from Parramatta, removing the mischief caused to horses and Carriages by crossing the Seven Hills". It is not clear whether these changes required shifting the line of the road or road cuttings to negate some of the more rugged parts. The changes may have affected the southern part of the study area near Seven Hills Road. This may have been an early precursor of the new Windsor Road. In 1804 the road provided what was apparently quick mobility to the soldiers who had marched via Parramatta from Sydney to meet the Irish rebels at Vinegar Hill. The painting of the battle scene, which mayor may not have been done by an eye-witness, shows' a track, probably meant to be Old Windsor Road, in the foreground while much of the hillside on which the rebels formed while their leaders negotiated with lohnston is cleared of trees.7 Exactly which hill is meant by "the Second Hill on this side the last half-way Pond" has been the source of some conjecture. 8 The hill though

1 HRA I, n, p.254, Grose to Dundas, 31/8!I794 2 HRA I, II, p.72, 11/111797 3 HRA 1, n, p.709, Note 32 4 HRA 1, n, p.527 5 SG, 515/1805, 3c; 12/5/1805, 3a 6 SG, 5/811804 7 L.R. Silver, The Battle of Vinegar Hill, 1989, p.l04 81. Syme, The Castle Hill Rebellion of 1804, 1981, p.21


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is generally coosidered to be the hill within the Castlebrook Lawn Cemetery.- The rebels were pursued along the road and in the woods on either side towards Second Ponds Creek.

In 1805 a committee was formed to raise finance and organise the repair of the Sydney to Hawkesbury road. 10 But the lack of road building experience, the limited funds available and the shortage of tools meant that road building as a whole was mainly repair rather than pennanent works." So When the Parramatta Road near Sydney was made dangerous by deep ruts a proclamation required that any pasSing carts dump brickbats rather than ensuring the road was properly remade.

No doubt periodic maintenance work continued to be performed by Government parties until the arrival of Macquarie in December 1809. He found the roads and bridges "rendered almost impassable" and in March 1810 called for tenders to repair the roads and construct toll houses so that the roads WOuld become self-financing and so the settlers Would be easier able to transport their produce to market. 12 Notice appeared the next month, specifying that: '

Whereas a Public Road is wanting to be made throughout from the Town of Sydney to the Hawkesbury, of the following dimensions; viz.- To be Two Rods

. [33 feetl wide with a ditch on either side from 3 feet to 18 inch es deep, for keeping the Road perfectly dry, and carrying the water off; the centre of the Road to be sufficiently elevated, and made of lasting Materials, with the necessary Bridges, the Timber to be cut down 4 Rods [66 feet] wide on each side of the Road all throughout.- The whole of this work to be compleated within Six months. [Apply to Sydney and Hawkesbury for particulars]13

This COntract included building the new Windsor Road from Castle Hill, which had been marked out by lames Meehan and was already in use in some form, Hugh Kelly having his 'There or Nowhere' along it. 14 'lames Harrex was awarded this COntract in May 1810, to a value of £2,500, and undertook to complete the 35 mile long road from Sydney to the toll bridge over the Hawkesbury by the end of the year, and to maintain it and its bridges until 1818. The road was to be made of stone or other durable materials and the Centre was to be at least one foot higher than the ditches on either side. IS By luly Harrex was receiving payment (£300) for his work as "Contractor of the Roads". In October the same year Harrex, "Contractor for keeping Roads and Bridges in repair", warned against the theft of timber and tOOls used in his work. Shortly afterwards he was paid £700.16 Harrex did not finish the road and its later maintenance. This was done by l. Howe and l. MCGrath, their contract worth £600 and stated that they had to build 70 bridges, large and small, between Parramatta and Windsor.17

The new Sydney to Parramatta road was opened on the 10/411811. Macquarie commented that when the road to Windsor was finished he Would start on one to Liverpool. 18 By 17/11/1812 th e road was completed except for One bridge, after which the toll bars would be set into place.19 In 1814 Macquarie described it as ."a very good Road" and mentioned turnpikes in the neighbourhood

9 Silver, op., cit, p.135ff 10 SG, 1417/1805, pI II The Roadmakers, p.8

12 SG, 24/3/1810, p2; HRA 1, Vol VII, p.27S, M"qu'rie 10 eastlereagh, 30/41/810 13 SG, 28/311810, pI 14 BT, Box 5, p.2264

15 The Roadmakers, p.lO, quoting CSIL, 1015/1810, p. 298-301 16 SG, 281711810, lb; 6/10/1810, 4a; 13/10/1810, 2a 17 BT, Box 2, p.711f 18 HRA I, VII, p.367

19 HRA I, VII, p.604, Macquarie to Liverpool


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of Sydney, Parramatta, and Windsor. 20 Richard Rouse had won contracts to erect several toll houses, including the one outside Parramatta and at Rouse HiII.21

Macquarie appointed inspectors, such as lames Meehan in 1814, to check the condition of the colony's roads and bridges.

22 Later he appointed Major George Druitt as Inspector of Government

Public Works. Druitt recorded his work on the 20 mile long Parramatta to Windsor road and its 70 bridges (which would include culverts) and his use of ironstone gravel as metalling.23 Much of this work was obviously maintenance rather than building from scratch.

The new toll road included the new branch of Windsor Road through Castle Hill. This road seemed to have been marked out as early as 1804 when HiIIas' grant is described as being bounded on the northern side by the road to the Hawkesbury and it was surveyed by Meehan in October 1805. After this the older line of Windsor Road was used for access from the western side of Parramatta and from ,Toongabbie and Seven Hills. In 1818 the road in the vicinity of the Government Stock Yard was referred to as Seven Hills Road, and in 1821 it is referred to as Old Seven Hills Road in Land Title documentation.24 Windsor Road provided a more direct route for travellers from Sydney.

The Post Office itineraries of the 1830s (Appendix 2) indicate several points of interest in the study area. Travelling along Windsor Road it was intersected by the Old Windsor Road at the 25 mile point from Sydney. The Swan Inn, considered to be the half-way point between Parramatta and Windsor, was a little further towards Windsor on the right side of the road. This may be RH/36. After this at 27 miles the Palmer estate Hambleton CMerrivilIe' off Vinegar Hill Road) is mentioned and then the Second Ponds Creek bridge, the road to Pitt Town, and the Vinegar Hill toll house, the latter on the eastern side of the road. Rouse Hill House is either given as ,271,4 or 27112 miles. The toll house is not mentioned in the 1837 itinerary but is in Teggs Almanac for the ne'.Ct year and 1842.25

The itineraries obviously do not inention all the buildings along the 'road as, for instance, the Royal Oak was built by this stage and its proximity to the road made it an obvious staging point, assuming it was open for business. The description, "a little further on" (1832), does not seem to identify it as the Swan Inn. The road to Pitt Town is shown on several Parish Plans and details plans (Fig. 5), branching from Old Windsor Road immediately after the Second Ponds Creek bridge. This road was later moved so it entered further to the north (Annangrove Road).

The business' of road maintenance, or lack of it, continued throughout the century. Landowners, including Pearce, Pye and Meurants complained that the Seven Hills Road was almost impassable with no bridges standing.

26 Presumably the state of the Windsor road was similar. A letter to the

Colonial Secretary from the chairman of the Windsor Road Trust in 1850 stated that:

the Windsor Roads and bridges require some very extensive repairs and without some assistance in addition to the Tolls collected on both roads (which this year only amounted to the sum of £413.6.8) we shall be unable to keep these highways in a passable state. 27

20 HRA 1, X, p. 696, Macquarie to Bathurst 21 SG, 23/10/1813, p2 22 The Roadmakers, p.20 23 The Roadmakers, p.21 24 LTO, RG 6:145-155; 12:169 25 Teggs Almanac, 1838, 1842, ML 26 SAO 4/2258, Memorial dated 28/111830 27 SAO 2/1885, letter dated 15/3/1850


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In 1854 a witness before a parliamentary committee on roads and railways reported that:

lately every part of the road leading from .... Parramatta to Windsor, where they have been what they call repairing it, it is much worse than the parts they have left alone. They have thrown the mud from the sides of the road into the middle and made it a bog; it is impassable in places.28

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The traveller in 1885 would have passed along this road encountering varying vistas as the land on either side alternated between cleared and bush paddocks. There were several orchards and orangeries and areas of cultivation north and south of Meurants Lane. Several houses were built among the orchards on the western side of the road after Meurants Lane. A building is shown on the eastern side of the road near the junction of the Windsor Roads (RH/36) and this may be the old Swan Inn. After this there were the occasional house until the traveller passed a group of buildings at the small village of Rouse Hill. These are shown on the 1885 road survey and included several private houses around Mile End Road as well as the Post Office and Christ Church (Fig. 8). On the northern side of Second Ponds Creek the Police Station stands immediately adjacent to the roadway. It is possible that the police station is the old toll house building although there is no evidence to support this at present. The 1885 survey shows that the road was fenced on both sides by three and four pos~ and rail fences, sometimes described as 'old'. 29 Old Windsor Road is shown variable in width and it is somewhat narrower before its junction with Windsor Road.3o It was obviously not us~ by the same volume of traffic as its eastern neighbour. The 1895 Parish of Gidley map describes Old Windsor Road as being 50 Links wide (33 feet).31

Windsor Road now passes through residential areas such as Castle Hill and KeIlyville while Old Windsor Road has maintained its rural aspect, with tree-lined vistas and remnant post and rail fencing, and bordered by nineteenth-century properties such as Stanhope and Glenwood. The paddocks follow the old grants and dairying still occurs. The Old Windsor Road has been bitumen 'sealed only in the last ten years but an unused section of the old road near the brickworks is unsealed and still retains its side drainage ditches (these sections are 26 feet wide). The road cutting at this point is a badly eroded vertical one while the more recent cutting on the newer section of road opposite is battered.

2.2 Archaeological Sites

This section examines the evidence, both historical and physical, for the existence of archaeological sites at the following locations.

RHl29 Second Ponds Creek Bridge This bridge is notable because the modern reinforced concrete decking has been placed on the sandstone piers of an earlier bridge. The creek crossing at this point probably was the original fording point as the location of Rouse Hill would mean it would not have been much further to the west. It is possible that it was this bridge that is referred to as "Broken Back Bridge", the site of a toll house between Parramatta and Windsor. 32

28 Votes and Proceedings of Legislative Council Select Committee on Roads and Railways, 1854, p.24 29 Roderick Baylis Mackenzie's 1885 survey of the Old Windsor Road between Parramatta and Windsor is invaluable for its detail. Mackenzie at this time was a 2nd class surveyor with the Secretary of Land. Unfortunately the present writers were not able to locate his survey field books, transmitted to the Surveyor General 24/6/1885, for this study.

30 Compare especially widths at junction, Mackenzie, 1885, Sheet 4 31 SAO Map 25719 32 SG, 11/12/1813; SMH, 3011111842, p3


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A timber bridge across the creek was ,destroyed by flooding in 1889. A newspaper report recorded:

The creek at the foot of Rouse Hill swept clean over the road, and carried a very substantial fence with it. The bridge here is of very peculiar architecture (early Australian, I suppose), consisting of 6 feet depth of earth on a layer of logs, with about 5 feet waterway underneath. The weight of water on the bridge affected the supports, and the whole roadway has sunk considerably, while there are two enormous gaps on one side. The whole thing looks very dangerous, and the £400 which has been voted for a new bridge here cannot be applied too soon.33

It is likely that the sandstone bridge piers are the remains of the new bridge referred to in this article. Either this bridge or the timber bridge is shown in a photo dated around the 1880s. 34 The present bridge decking dates to 1947 (Fig. 13).

RH/39

This dwelling was visible in the painting done looking down the hill from Rouse Hill House (Fig. 9). It was a small gabled cottage to the north of the rest of the Rouse Hill buildings. Much of the building. is obscured by trees. The 1885 plan indicates a small square building with verandah set back a'little from the road (Fig. 15).

RH/40 Rouse Hill Police Station

There are several references to the police .station at Rouse Hill or the Vinegar Hill Lockup as it was also called. There was a constable at Rouse Hill in 1825.35 In 1828 tenders were called for the erection of a temporary gaol or watch-house at Vinegar Hill, among other places in the Hawkesbury ~istrict. 36 The locality Vinegar Hill seems to have included that area from the later post office to Rouse Hill House. /

The police station indicated on the 1885 survey is situated close to the junction of Annangrove and Windsor Roads, fronting closely onto Windsor Road '(Fig. 8). It is possible that this building was the old toll house or it may be the police' station referred to in the 1828 tender. The 1885 Parish Map of Nelson calls the Police Station a 'watch-house', and it is also indicated on the 1924 Parish Map of Gidley. 37 A photo taken late last century looking northwards along Windsor Road towards Rouse Hill House shows the Police Station (Fig. 12).38

RH/46 - Post Office Site

Primary Source Material

Plans

The 1885 plan of Old Windsor Road provides a location for the Rouse Hi11 Post Office on the land to the south of Christ Church on the eastern side of the road (Fig. 8). It shows an incompletely drawn building with a verandah facing west to the road. In front of the building is a pull-in bay to

33 Cumberland Argus, 116/1889, p6 34 Thomton, op cif, p.220 35 SG, 1417/1825, pI 36 SG, 11/8/1828, 3d 37 SAO Map 25834, SAO Map 50397 38 Thomton, op cif, p.220


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allow coaches to pull off the road. Its proximity to the roadway can be compared with RH/20, the Royal Oak.

Pictorial Material

The main pictorial material for the physical appearance of the Public House and Post Office is a painting hanging in the hallway of Rouse HilI House (Fig. 9). It shows a two-storey building with hipped roof and at least three chimneys and a verandah at the front. There are four windows along the northern side of the upper floor. There seems to be outbuildings depicted to the rear. To the south of this building is the extant Royal Oak Inn and to the north is Christ Church. The details of the reproduction are difficult to determine because of the darkness of the oil painting and the trees in the landscape.

Land Titles

This section of land was originally Lot 10 of the District of Upper Nelson and in 1813 had been granted to Richard Fitzgerald as part of a 300 acre grant.39 The site of the Post Office was on land that was regranted to Thomas Kelly as a 46 acre parcel on the 31st January, 1818, as Allotment 79 (Fig. 7).40 At this stage there is no specific reference to the Parish of Castle Hill. The 'area is generally referred to as the District of Upper Nelson. Kelly sold the land in January 1822 to his neighbour to the south, Charles Davis. Davis proceeded to sell the land in two portions in 1838 and 1840. The ten acres that fronted onto Old Windsor Road (also known as Hawkesbury Road and Seven Hills Road) was sold to Sarah and John Booth. Robert Fitzgerald purchased both sections of the original Kelly grant in August 1840. Fitzgerald retained ownership of the land until his death in 1865 when it was left to his heirs: Robert Marsden Fitzgerald, Elizabeth Rouse Fitzgerald and Elizabeth Rouse Alston. They in turn left it to seven heirs who variously retained ownership until the early twentieth century. Specific reference is made to the land owned by Fitzgerald along Old Windsor Road as "his public House and ground on the Windsor road near Rouse Hill then in the occupation of John Rattalick" .41

Robert Fitzgerald married one of the Rouse daughters and donated the land to the local Anglican community on which Christ Chu'rch was built.42 The position of ' the ch,urch lands on the 1885 plan reveals that they and the post office were part of one original allotment which had the northern end divided off for the establishment of the church (Fig. 8).

Directories

There are very few road directories that show the occupants of Windsor Road in the nineteenth century (Appendix 2). The Post Office directories from the 1830s and 1840s show that there were few occupants along Windsor Road north of the junction with Old Windsor Road. There is no mention of the Queens Arms and only one inn is identified between the road junction and the creek. This was the Swan Inn, which was a half-way house between Windsor and Parramatta. The first mention of this inn in 1832 records the licensee as John Cross. The itineraries do not appear to be a complete record of the inhabitants in the area, rather being a key to the location of inns, wellknown inhabitants and other roads.

Licensees

A search of the publican licenses issued to the Swan Inn, Queens Arms and the Royal Oak was helpful in establishing the existence of the inns at certain dates.43 John Booth who owned the property that the Queens Arms stood on between 1838-1839 was the licensed publican for the

39 Burr & Ballisat, Accurate list oJ the landholders in the Colony oJ NSW, 1813 (MLMS C453) 40 Land Titles, Primary Search Application 25940 41 Land Titles, Register 965/608 42 M. Galea, History of KeIlyville, 1984(?), p.81 43 SAO Publicans' licences


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Queens Arms in 1839-1840, and 1842-1844. James McGreg~r was the new publican in 1845 and Christopher Mainz took over in 1847. John Booth moved from the Queens Arms in 1845 to the Royal Oak.

The Queens Arms was listed as Vinegar Hill, Windsor Road, Parramatta and the Royal Oak was cited as Windsor Road, Parramatta. It is likely that the Queens Arms that contained the Post Office was built by 1839. There was no listing for the Swan Inn along Windsor Road or at Vinegar or Rouse Hill. The listings for publicans wer'e completed at irregular intervals.

Post Office The first Post Office was established on this site in 1857 when John Rattalick was granted permission by th,e Post Master General to situate a Post Office in his public house.44 He called this public house the Queens Arms when he was writing a letter to Robert Fitzgerald alluding to an earlier letter informing Fitzgerald of his decision to establish a Post Office at the inn.45 He discusses which room of the inn to use, either the "little parlour" or a section of his bedroom which was a downstairs room with outside access.

Rattalick appears to be seeking approval from Fitzgerald about the location of the Post Office. As Robert I:itzgerald was the owner of the property at this 'stage, as shown by the title search, his approval of the use of the property would be desirable. Another letter indicates that Fitzgerald wrote to the Postmaster General requesting the establishment of a Post Office at Vinegar or Rouse Hill. The Postmaster General agreed to the establishment of the Post Office but questioned the advisability of establishing it in a Public House. Mr Rattalick's premises were to be inspected prior to agreeing to its use as a' Post Office. The report on the premises said that the Post Office was to be "situated on the back of the building and the access through a gate from the road .... (with a) large window in the room facing the back ... for the letter box" .46

The Post Office opell~ on 11/9/1857 with a starting salary for the Postmaster of £12.10.0 per annum. The original Post Office was called Vinegar Hill Post Office because it was located closer to Vinegar Hill then to Rouse Hill but in 13/4/1858 its name was officially gazetted as Rouse Hill Post Office after objections were received to the original name.

There were a number of different Postmasters and Postmistresses ,who ran Rouse Hill Post Office while the Post Office was at this location. Following the death of John Rattalick in 1864 his wife Elizabeth Rattalick became Postmistress at £20 per annum. In March 1869 Mrs Rattalick bought a farm and asked her brother Sampson Nicholls to take over. He was duly appointed Postmaster but described his occupation as Storekeeper and Farmer. On his death in 1881 his wife Marion Louise Nicholls became Postmistress in August of the same year. When Sampson Nicholls died his brother re-located the Post Office within the premises and Mrs Nicholls protested about this action to the Postmaster General.

On 19th April, 1886 Mrs NichoIls wrote to the Post Office Inspector about the dilapidated condition of the building and recommended that the Post Office be removed to another premises.47 Her concern was that she was unable to transfer the Post Office to ,another individual because of the state of the building.48 Another letter dated 21st April, 1886 states that Mr George Whitling, who lived 100 yards to the south of the Post Office, had agreed to take over the running of it. This was

44 AAO Rouse Hill POF 45 AAO Rouse Hill PO folio 57/1033 46 ibid, 1119/1857 47 ibid, 19/4/86, date stamped 20/411886 by the General Post Office 48 ibid, 20/4/1886


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agreed to by the Postal Inspector. Mr Whitling was appointed in May 1886 as Rouse Hill Post Master. It is assumed that at this point the Post Office changed its location from the site of RH/46.

In 1888 a record of the daily mail coach runs from Sydney to Parramatta and Rouse Hill indicates regular deliveries to the area:

6/12/1888 1 mail daily 8am leave Sydney Warn leave Parramatta 12.45 arrive Rouse Hill 5pm leave Rouse Hill 8pm arrive Parramatta

The time it took the coach to travel between Rouse Hill and Parramatta provides some evidence for the state of the roads during this period. This timetable would have been little different to that which operated the mail deliveries to the Post Office prior to 1886.

In 1924 when a land title search was carried out on the property of Adelaic;le Fitzgerald two StatutorY., Declarations were taken which discussed the Post Office Site.49 Both> indicated the presence of a later cottage, called 'Sunnybrae', on the site of the Queens Arms/Post Office. This cottage was built around 1900 and had reused the materials from the earlier building.

Historical Summary This allotment was originally granted to Richard Fitzgerald and was regranted as Allotment 79 to Thomas Kelly in 1818. It was one of many grants that were issued during this period of settlement of the Hills district. Thomas Kelly sold the land to his neighbour Charles Davis who divided it into two portions and sold the front 10 acres to Sarah and John Booth. Both sections of Kelly's original grant were sold to Robert Fitzgerald in 1840.

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The Post Office was established in a Public House called the Queens Ar,ms by 1857. The date of the erection of the Queens Arms is unknown but it is likely that it was built by John Booth who was a well-known publican who ran a number of inns at various stages in the local area. 50 In 1839-1842 John Booth was recorded as the licensee of the Queens Arms. This may indicate that the building which became the Post Office was built by 1839. Bowd refers to a two-storeyed sandstone inn called the Royal Oak which was north of Mungerie.51 This cannot refer to the extant inn building which is currently called the Royal Oak because it is a single storey bUilding. The Rouse Hill painting shows that the modern Royal Oak was a smaller building then the Queens Arms (Fig. 9). The Post Office was removed from this building in 1886 when the inn was described as dilapidated. By about 1900 the Queens Arms was demolished and a new cottage had been built. 52 The date of the demolition of this building is unknown but it was still standing in 1923.

RW50 House and Archaeological Site A Federation-style house presently occupies the site where Mackenzie indicates two buildings on his 1885 survey. A sand stock brick cistern in the yard of the present house probably belongs to one of the earlier buildings. As shown on the 1885 survey there are two buildings in an orchard. The larger has a verandah on the road frontage, with a fenced area in front, and the smaller building to

49 J.G. Symes, The Castle Hill Rebellion of 1804, Baulkham Hill Historical Society, n.d., p.lO 50 R. Best, Some Early Inns and Innkeepers of the West, in Blacktown and District Historical Society, 1983,

pA,9 51 D.G. Bowd, Hawkesbury Journey, p.35 52 James G. Syme, The Castle Hill Rebellion of 1804, supplement: Site of Vinegar Hill, p. 10


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the south has a yard extending to the road. The buildings are on Simon Moulds' grant which in 1885 was owned by John Moulds.

RHl76 Rouse Hill Toll House Richard Rouse was contracted to build several toll houses along roads in the Parramatta district. In September, 1813 he received £400 for erecting two toll houses and bars between Parramatta and Windsor.53 One of these was on his land at Rouse Hill which is annotated as "reserving one acre for turnpike house and garden" .54 Rouse's notebooks 'record that in September 1812 the quarrying of stone for the toll house on Vinegar Hill had begun. 55 The building of Rouse Hill House also started around this time. Clearance of the land was under way and land was recorded as being cleared "opposite" the turnpike.56 Rouse later erected a fence around the toll house.s7

According to Thornton the toll house was on the eastern side of Windsor Road when first built, which would mean that the land being cleared opposite the turnpike was in fact on Rouse's land rather than on Bligh's Copenhagen grant. Thornton cites her father as saying that during Edwin Rouse's lifetime it was moved down the road towards Parramatta after the family objected to excessive noise there.58 This comment if accurate would indicate that the toll house was originally closer to· Rouse HilI House than the creek.

The building of the toll house was part of Macquarie's plan to turn a "scarcely passable" track into a properly constructed road capable of taking carriage traffic. By the time the toll house was started the road was almost completed.

The collection of the tolls was leased out. An auction was called with the highest bidder securing the right to operate the turnpike. Calls for interested bidders were periodically advertised as, for example, in the Sydney Morning Herald of 3011111842 which notified of the forthcoming auction of toll leases, commencing 11111843, for several tolls including the toll at Howes Bridge near Windsor (on the northern bank of the Hawkesbury) and at Broken Back Bridge. The "upset price" for the former was £290(?) while the latter was £345. The latter toll is assumed to be Rouse's toll house near Second Ponds Creek.

Rouse's toll house is not indicated on any plan. Either its original 9r later locations may be indicated on the 1885 plan in the fenced area labelled as an orchard just north of the Second Ponds Creek bridge (Fig. 6, 8). There is also no indication to where it was moved other than towards Parramatta. There is no stone building extant in this area, the closest being the Royal Oak. The standing buildings at Rouse Hill are of brick.

It is possible that the toll house building later became the police station. The police station is first seen on the 1885 Parish of Nelson plan. Its location would fit with the 1830s Post Office itineraries (Appendix 2) which give a sequence of the Second' Ponds Creek bridge, the road to Pitt Town, and the toll house, all around the 27 mile point. The road to Pitt Town is an early version of Annangrove Road (Fig. 5). No traces of it seem to have survived in the vicinity of the bridge.

53 SG, 23/10/1813, p2; Wentworth Papers, A761/3, p.49, 2119/1813, ML IllS

54 eg, Mackenzie's 1885 survey, Sheet 5 55 Thornton, p.34 56 ibid 57 Wentworth Papers, CY417, p.98, 31112/1814 58 Thomton, p.37


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RH/77 Government Stock Yard A large strip of land from Meurants Lane to just south of the junction with Windsor Road was once part of the Government's Seven Hills Stock Yard. There is almost no information available on the stockyard other then a few references in primary sources and a reference in a book on the Battle of Vinegar Hil1. 59 Grime's 1806 (probably post-1806) map of the settlement and Burr and Ballisat's 1813 map of the Allotments of the Colony and their record of the land holders indicate the location of the stockyard (Fig. 10, 11). Burr records that this land, allotments 1-8, was relinquished to the government in exchange for other grounds by Edward Edwards by 1813. By 1818 much of this land had been re-granted.60 Grimes' plan reveals that the remainder of the land on the western side of Windsor and Old Windsor Roads, marked E, was for 'government use' as opposed to being part of the stockyards.

The earliest reference to the Seven Hills Stock Yards was in the 1800 Returns of Government Stock when the stockyards held 35 cows and calves and ·18 bulls, oxen and calves. 61 They were mentioned again in the 1801, 1804 and 1808 Returns.62 The Stock Yards' fence was referred to by Major 10hnson in a letter to Captain Piper regarding the Battle of Vinegar Hill. 63 Silver argues that the Stock Yards were not built by 1804.64 McLoughlin believes that the Stock Yards were established under Governor King between 1803-1804.65 Neither of these authors had presumably seen the.HRA material which suggests that the Stock Yards were built and in use by 1800.

Twice in May 1805 the Seven Hills Government Stock Yards were attacked by 'natives':

On Sunday last a party of natives visited the Government stock farm at Seven Hills and after launching several spears at the hut-keeper, happily none of which took effect, contented themselves with stripping the little habitation, with the whole contents of which they made off.66

The second attack occurred the following week:

These people still continue troublesome wherever they find access. On Tuesday last they made another visit to the Government stock farm at Seven Hills; but the stockmen were fortunately out of the way; wherefore they were obliged to content themselves with the trifling booty, comprising whatever they could lay their hands on.67

There is no mention of the Aborigines stealing or killing the cattle. The newspaper suggests they were only interested in the goods owned by the 'stockmen'.

The yards were used for grazing of both government and privately owned cattle. Private individuals could exchange other crops such as wheat for the cattle owned by the Government.68 The reasons for the establishment of the stockyards was the necessity to provide grazing land

59 Silver, op cif, p.135-136 60 LTO RG 6: 145-155, 169-175, 192; 12:169,203 and 204 61 HRA 1, n, p.1l8, 527 62 HRA 1, III, p.28, 340, 145; 1,IV, p.625; I,VI, pAlS, 640 63 12th April 1804, Piper Correspondence A256, p.328. (ML). Cited in Silver (Appendix Note 2)

and Symes p.22 64 Silver, op cif, p. 138 65 L. McLoughlin, 1988, Landed peasanfry or landed gemry: A geography of land grams, in G. Aplin (ed.) Sydney Before Macquarie, A Difficult Infant, p.123 66 SG, 5th May 1805 3c 67 SG, 12/5/1805, 3a 68 SG, 6/1111808

Casey & Lowe Associates Old Windsor & Windsor Roads RIflP (Stage 1)

I :t...-

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14

additional to the small 30 and 50 acre grants. 69 Most small grantees had to sow a crop on their lands and therefore did not have room for extensive grazing. Yet it was desirable for the inhabitants of the Colony to increase the number of cattle for human consumption and supplies of milk and cheese. It was all part of the necessity for the Colony to be self-supporting.

The identification of these stockyards as the Seven Hills yards is based upon the maps which show the location of the yards and the various references in the Sydney Gazette, one that in 1808 identified an adjacent landowner as HilIers, who was in all likelihood HilIas who owned Stanhope Farm, the property immediately to the north of the Stock Yards (Fig. 7).

The Stock Yards were subdivided into eight yards. The physical evidence for the Stock Yards would have been the fence lines and the stockhut mentioned in the AbOriginal attack. There are almost no post and rail fence lines along this section of Old Windsor Road. No evidence for the location of the stockhut has been identified and it may have been anywhere within this rather large area. The yards had ceased operating by 1818 because all the land was regranted then.

Most of these new grants were signed on the 13th January 1818 by Governor Macquarie. A few of these new allotments were granted in 1821. The larger land grants were outside the Stock Yards themselv.es but within the 'government lands'. Grants made to Robert Campbell, John Palmer, John Faultless and Edward Hobson were all signed in 1818. Grants made to the Bradleys, to the north of H ill as , land, were also signed by Macquarie on the same day. Thus most of the land on the western side of Old Windsor and Windsor Road was granted as a large group. All this land had been granted by 1821.

RH/81 Archaeological Site

On Mackenzie's 1885 survey two buildings are indicated here. The larger is set back from the road, slightly more so than the other houses along the road in this neighbourhood. It has a verandah along the road frontage. A young orangery and cultivation lies immediately to the north. A smaller building is . sitUated nearby, fronting very closely to the roadway. A projection is indicated on the northern short wall, perhaps indicati,ng the main entrance. These buildings were on Elizabeth Grey's grant which in 1885 was owned by Susanah Sherwood.


On Mackenzie's 1885 survey a building is indicated here, with a verandah on the road frontage. There are orchards on the northern and southern sides. It is on Elizabeth Grey's grant which in 1885 was owned by Susanah Sherwood.


A building in an orchard is shown on Mackenzie's 1885 survey. It has a verandah on the road frontage. An entrance is indicated at the rear. It is on Elizabeth Grey's grant which in 1885 was owned by Susanah Sherwood.

69 McLoughlin, op cif, p.123


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15

3.0 Field Survey

This section of the report will present the description and results of the modern field survey with the description of the historic road and adjacent sites as recorded in 1885 and an analysis of the surviving material and some indication of future impact.

Analysis of 1885 Survey Plan of Windsor Road

The 1885 plan surveyed by R. BayJis Mackenzie provides the most useful information about the physical location of the structures that are found within the study area. While a number of these structures were addressed in the Historical Archaeological Survey of the Rouse Hill Infrastructure Project (Stage 1) Works not all the potential sites were discussed. The sites identified during the original survey arid iocated on the 1885 plan were: RH/20, RH123, RH129, RH/33, RH/35, RH/36, RH/39, RH/40, RH/46, RH/54, and RH/55 (Fig. 3). During this phase of the assessment stage we did not set out to identify further sites but to establish the significance of the roadway and the sites that will be impacted by the Stage 1 works programme. In the process of doing this we did in fact identify several new sites.


Modern Field Survey

Description of the existing road

Old Windsor Road Section 1:

o to 0.8lan

Seven Hills Road to the First Brid2"e

Eastern Side: Bitumen surfaced road the whole length. Large cutting with a crest about 3 metres above the road level (Fig. 17). The cutting is through shale. There are shallow ditches along the side of the road. "The road slopes down to the creek and a modem concrete bridge (Fig. 18). The fencing is all modem and has been shifted to the modern property boundaries.

Western Side: Crest - remains of a Iow cutting - slopes down to the modern concrete bridge. To the west of the roadway is evidenccp of the earlier line of the road. "The modern road appears to be higher. There is a wide road reserve beyond the roadway.

0.8 to 1.2lan " "

Brid2"e to End of Old Line of Road

Eastern Side: Moves from the dip at the creek up a crest to the start of a high cutting through shale. The road curves back near the brickworks to the old line of road (Fig. 18). There is no post and rail fencing in this area.

Western Side: Modern Road. No post and rail fencing.

Casey & Lowe Associates

Historical Description

Roadway The 1885 plan showed one bridge/culvert along this section of the road (Fig. 14).

Eastern Side On the 1885 plan this area was fenced with 'old' split two and three rail. There was a paddock with dead (ring-barked?) timber adjacent to the road.

Western Side There were old split three rail fencing with cleared paddocks beyond. There were no dwellings.

Eastern Side This area was all bush paddock with split three rail fence.

Old Windsor & Windsor Roads

16 Analysis/Impact

This is a new road and its construction did not destroy any significant archaeological site other than the bridge/culvert across the creek.

This bridge/culert has been replaced with a modern concrete bridge.

No further impact is expected along this section of the road.

The line of the road from the bridge for the next 400m has been upgraded and shifted to the east.

Most of the post and railfencing has been removed and replaced by modernfencing.

RHIP (Stage 1)

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Modem Field Survey

Old Line of Road to West To the west is the old line of road (RH/78). It extends from the creek line to the brickworks where the existing road returns to the old line of road, approx. 400m. This section has a dirt road surfacing and the southern part of the old line of road is eroded down the centre (Fig. 19). The eastern side of the road has a shallow cutting, sections of which were destroyed by the modem road construction. Higher up the crest on the western side are the remains of an old road cutting through shale (Fig. 20). The cutting is about 4m high with native trees clinging to the top and eroded. face. The face of this cutting is almost vertical. On the crest above the cutting are the remains of posts associated with a fence line.

There are ditches on both sides of the road though some are less visible because they have been eroded. The road is 7. 9m (25 feet 9 inches) wide. A lot of bitumen has been / dumped further along the roadway.

1.2km to 2.1km Section 3: Brickworks to Meurants Lane

Roadway Tree-lined roadway through narrow cutting, bitumen surface (Fig. 21).

1.65km Sandstone culvert RH/54 (Fig. 22).

1.9km Dip in road where an old bridge was once located and the fencing of RH/55 is located nearby. There is a badly formed culvert at this point in the road.



There was an orchard just past the bridge. The fencing is described· as new split two and three rail. Pearce family owned land on both sides of the road.

Roadway Cutting through spur with two culverts and a bridge with a dam to the east. Remnant intact three rail split fencing at RH/55 is visible across the top of the cutting. This is probably the fencing described on the 1885 plan.

The fencing through this section was a mix of two and three rail split fencing.


17 Analysis/Impact

There is no evidence of a bridge at the creek line. It was demolished when the new bridge was built. This is the oldest intact section of the Old Windsor Road roadway. It provides evidence for the original angle of the cutting and the dimensions of the road. Much of the nineteenth-century landscaping has changed little.

Only one of the culverts is remaining, RH/54. There is 110

evidence for the existence of the earlier bridge at 1.9hn. The bridge has been completely destroyed and a badly formed modern culvert has been constructed. Bulrushes are growing where the dam was located.

RHIP (Stage 1)

Modem Field Survey

2.11on Meurants Lane to the west and a track to Bella Vista on the east.

Eastern Side: Just beyond the brickworks is the beginning of another cutting. It has been cut back to produce a batter. The cutting is through shale and approximately 2.5m high. There are sections of post and rail fencing along the top of the crest (Fig. 21). The cutting disappears as the road goes down to a dip at a drainage line. It recommences as the roadway comes up another crest to Meurants Lane.

Western "Side: The road on the western side is very similar to that on the eastern side through this section except that the post and rail fencing has all been replaced by picket and wire fencing.

1.4-1.7km Length of cutting.

2.1 to 4.4Skm Section 4:. Meurants Lane to Sunnyholt Road

Roadway 2.1-2.2km. Length of cutting from Meurants Lane to the north. It contains some remnant post and rail fencing on the Bella Vista boundary (Fig. 23).

Eastern Side 2.2 -2.8km Remnant post and rail fencing, now mostly threaded with wire (Fig. 24).

3.1-3.2km Cutting which is about lm high at its highest point.



On the southern side of Meurants Lane intersection with Old Windsor Road was the site of a young orangery.

Eastern Side The next stretch of road to the north had no buildings but the majority of the land was described as bush paddocks or cleared paddocks (Fig. 15). The road was aligned through a 'low flat spur'. The fencing was a mix of split two and three rail fencing.


18 Anal ysis/lmpact

1Jle orangelY today is now used for the agistment of horses and has a variety of structures instead of orange trees.

The vista and feel of Section 3 and the beginning of Section 4 is evocative of an eighteenth or nineteenth-century road.

While the face of this cutting has been recut to maintain a clean and safe suiface it is the line of the early road. The date of the cutting is unclear but it was probably put through early in the nineteenth century.

Some early fencing left but little of the original character oj-the road remains. The most characteristic is the fencing near the North-West Sector developmellf.

RHIP (Stage 1)

Modem Field Survey

3.51on Two sections of intact post and rail fencing with the rails in a permanently open position where there used to be a gateway (Fig. 25).

3.81on Balmoral Road: there are a number of houses lining the road in this area.

3.8-4.451on Mainly rebuilt modem fencing and houses. Shallow cutting which appears to be a modem recut. Some evidence of ditches in this area.

4.451on New roundabout at Sunnyholt Road.

Western Side 2. lion Meurants Lane - cutting through shale with a section adjacent to the Meurants Lane corner cut further back.

2.41on -Soccer Federation, new fencing, a few sections of remnant post and rail fencing after the Soccer Federation (Fig. 25.1).

2.61on Modem house, earthworks. Creek and modem culvert.

2.71on Open ground to dam and branch of Caddies Creek (Fig. 25.1).

2.81on Open ground.

2.91on Federation House RH/50 with its sandstock cistern in the front yard (Fig. 25.1).



Western Side

Orchard on 1885 plan (Fig. 14).

Two structures, RH/81, shown on 1885 map with orangery and cultivation to north. One house very close to the road, the other further away. On Elizabeth Gray's allotment, newly owned by Susanah Sherwood.

Site of house, RH/82 , on the 1885 survey, with orchards on either side. On Sherwood's land.

House, RH/83, shown on Sherwood's land.

Previous houses appears here on 1885 survey, close to road with yard. Orchard around them. John Moulds' land.


19 Analysis/Impact

This was the south-eastern corner of the Government's Seven Hills' Stock Farm, RH177. It exteiuled to the nonh for 1AIan.

Any remains of the orchard have not survived the construction of the soccer ovals.

No visible remains or sign of old plantings. This area has been disturbed by eanhworks and it therefore has a low archaeological potential for

. intact remains.

No sign of remains but visibility poor. Occasional old planting. Good archaeological potential.

No sign of remains but clearance of ululergrowth needed. Good archaeological potential.

Sandstock brick cistern in yard of present house belongs to the 1885 buildings. Some archaeological potential.

RHIP (Stage 1)

• Modem Field Survey

3.SIan Driveway into Glenwood Park: vista down the driveway to the house on the hill (Fig. 26). There are the remains of two dead pine trees standing along the driveway north of Caddies Creek. Sections of the boundary line along Glenwood Park driveway still retain posts but they are threaded with wire and have two star pickets between each timber post.

4.4SIan New roundabout at Sunnyholt Road

4.54 to 6.3km Section 5:. Sunnyholt Road to Windsor'Road

Roadway S.3 -S.7Skm Narrow stretch of tree-lined road (Fig. 27).

5.75km Relatively recent bridge across Caddies Creek.

5.8km Bend in the road.

6.31an Junction with Windsor Road.

Eastern Side: Modem fencing along this side of the road.

S.31an Location of RH/35 at the end of the row of modem houses.

5.3-5.6km Shallow cutting with old fencing, post and wire on road cutting.

S.8km Post and wire fencing and modem fencing.



There is no indication on the 1885 plan of the driveway into Glenwood Park.

Roadway The road changes direction as it redirects across the narrowest portion of Caddies Creek (called Cattai Creek on the map). A small bridge like culvert is indicated on the plan.

Eastern Side Just prior to the junction with 'New Windsor Road' there is an area of 'cultivation', pointing to the presence of farming activities other than grazing and growing oranges. Nearby fencing is 'old three rail split fencing'.

There is only one site on the eastern side of the road and this is RH/35. This was the site of an orange orchard and it shows the presence of a small dwelling. Strangely the orchard straddles a property line but the dwelling was on John HiIlas' 150 acre grant. Further to the north, beyond the bridge, there is a


20 Analysis/Impact

The Glenwood Park driveway is located along the southern boundary of Brazel's grant (Fig. 14). This was the nOl1hern limit of the Government Stock Yard.

While the line of the road does not appear to have changed greatly there is little of the historic character remaining of the earlier road. Most of the remnant post and rail fencing is in poor condition.

This road has been upgraded.

Most of the old post and rail fencing has been replaced by modern fencing. There is a modern bridge across Caddies Creek. This land is all open space. It is near Basin 5.

This is one of the main untouched sections of Old Windsor Road it retains the narrow two lane carriageway with native tress one either side.

The pipelines travel along either side of the road near here. There is no RTA work imminent in this area.

RH/35 is one of the best preserved archaeological sites along Old Windsor Road.

It is not affected by the Stage 1 Works programme

Basin 4 is in this area.

RHIP (Stage 1)

Modern Field Survey

Western Side: 4.55-6.3lan Mainly star picket with barbed wire fencing, mostly newer fencing.

3.1.2 Windsor Road 6.3lan to lOlan

Section 6: _ Junction ·with Old Windsor Road to Annangrove Road

Roadway: 6:Slan Intact culvert, with timber road base - RH/57.

8.1km Partially intact culvert - RH/56.

/'

S.4lan Original location of 27 milestone from Sydney. No longer at this location.

9.6lan RH/29 - Second Ponds Creek Bridge.

Eastern Side: 6.7lan RH/36 archaeological site with yuccas and remnants of entrance gate into the property.



long stretch of cultivated land on both sides of 'New Windsor Road'. The fencing to the south of RH/35 is a mix of two rail, three rail and unusually one rail with five wires.

Roadway:

Culvert ill the location of RH/57.

The bridge marked as crossing the creek is not ~he extant remains of a sandstone bridge RH/29. This was an earlier bridge which was washed away by floods.

Eastern Side: The strip of cultivation on the eastern side finished at RH/36 a small building set back from the road (Fig. 16). The strip of cultivation extends across into this property boundary. There was two rail split fencing along the eastern side of the road. To the north of RH/36 is RH/57, a culvert.


21 ' Anal ysis/lmpact

No older sections of the fencing remains on the western side of the road. Most of this lana belonged to.Stanhope Park.

Basin 5 and a housing estate is in this area.

This was the continuation of Old Windsor Road prior to the construction of Windsor Road in 1812.

While this section of the road has been upgraded two of the culverts have not been removed although one has been partly retained with sandbags.

A culvert was surveyed on Windsor Road slightly north of Schofields Road, RH/56. This was not recorded on the 1885 plan (Fig. 16).

RH/29 is a significant structure associated with the nineteenthcentury road.

The identified sites are extant and sections of the post and rail are remaining but they are in very poor condition and mostly threaded with wire.

RH/36 is possibly the site of the Swan Inn that was recorded on the directories in the 1830s

The fencing along the eastern side of the road is old split posts with wire, the rails have been replaced.

RHIP (Stage 1)

Modern Field Survey

6.7-7.4km Some remnant fencing from RH/36 to Mungerie homestead.

7.4km Entrance to Mungerie property.

8.4km Commercial Road.

8.5km Royal Oak Inn RH/20 (Fig. 28).

8.8km RH/46 - site of the Queens Arms and the "first Post Office (Fig. 30).

8.9km RH/23 - Christ Church and additional site RH/37 identified.

9.2km Mile End Road. On either" side of mile end road modem shops have been built over the site of earlier buildings; RH/47 and RH/48.

RH/24 - butcher shop, extant building (Fig. 30).

RH/39 site of house, adjacent to modern dwelling.



The fencing up to Commercial Road and the 27 mile stone from Sydney was three rail split fencing. The fencing was a mix of three rail and "old three rail fencing.

All the buildings from here on are on the eastern side of the road (Fig. 16). Next to Commercial Road was a house owned by H. Needham. There is now a modern house on this site. Next door was an orchard and a building which is the Royal Oak Inn, RH/20. The inn building was very close to the road. This land was then owned by Ann Seath.

The next building is the Post Office, RH/46 , which was separated from the Royal Oak by old four rail split fencing. It was set back from the road with a puU-off bay for coaches. There are old paling fencing immediately to the north which changes to palings in front of the church grounds.

The location of Christ Church RH/23 is not shown on this plan.

The next buildings are two structures immediately south of Mile End Road in what was called the Village of Aberdour. There are strips of cultivation in between the buildings and the Church grounds. These dwelling are RH/47 and are located beneath the current shopping centre. Two dwellings were indicated to the north of Mile End Road one which is under the shopping centre RH/48 and the other is the butchers RH/24 which is a standing building. Beyond this was another small dwelling, RH/39. There is old split three "rail fencing all the way Second Ponds Creek.


22 Analysis/Impact

This section of the road contains remnant post and wire fencing, evidence of archaeological sites and extant historic structures. A few modern houses have been built. There has been little alteration.

The only early structures remaining are the church and the Royal Oak Inn. The Post Office is now an archaeological site. Fencing along this side of the road is mostly modern. The Church fence is brick and chain wire.

RH/46 is close to the water pipeline Stage 1 Works.

Most of the early buildings were destroyed by modern development. The Butchers shop is the only extant building remalnl1lg. The probability of substantial remains from RHI47 and RHI48 are doubtful.

Only extant structure recorded on the 1885 plan that was in the Village of Aberdour.

RHI39 has considerable archaeological potential.

RHIP (Stage 1)

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Modem Field Survey

9.9lan Police Station.

lOlan Annangrove Road.

Western Side: There is no older fencing on the western side of the road. The existing fencing is all modem star pickets and wire fencing.

6.Slan James Ruse Hotel and Merriville Road

7.Slan Castlebrook Cemetery Entrance: one of the locations identified as the site of the Battle of Vinegar Hill, RH/SO.

Slan Schofields Road.

S.9lan Rouse Road.

9.3lan Post and rail fence line RH/60.

9.6-9.7km This side of the road has been disturbed by earthworks. There is no evidence for the site of the toll house



North of the creek was an orchard and beyond this the Police Station, RH/40. This was enclosed by a paling fence and contained one building drawn as fronting onto the road with a small outbuilding against the northern fence. There is a laneway marked to the north of the Police Station. This is Annangrove Road.

Western Side: North of RH/57 was the 26 mile stone from Sydney, this was measured along Windsor Road rather than Old Windsor Road.

Most of the fencing along this side of the road from the road junction was three rail split fencing except for the last section before Schofields Road that is described as 'old two rail fencing'. There was a water hole near Schofields Road.

There are no dwellings on the western side of the road 'to Second Ponds ~reek (here called Cattai Creek).

The land opposite the orchard has new split rail fencing and a portion described as 'one acre for turnpike house and garden' .


23 Anal ysis/lmpact

There is a high potential for archaeological remains for thePolice Station.

RH/40 is likely to be impacted by future roadworks.

This was a very significant event in the history of Australia. It adds to the cultural significance of the road and the location.

There is an extant section of post and wire fencing just beyond the intersection with Mile End Road, RH/W, which is three rail split fencing and is probably the fencing recorded on the 1885 plan.

The lack of evidence for locating the site of toll-house is a problem. It was likely to have been located at two different sites, one of which was near Second Ponds Creek, the other was north of Rouse Hill House. The I830s itineraries indicate that it was close to Second Ponds Creek Bridge.

RHIP (Stage 1)

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Figure 17: Section 1, view to the north-west showing the cutting on the eastern side of Old Windsor Road, the bitumen surfacing and the lower cutting on the western side. RH 11:6

Figure 18: Section 1: Looking northwards along Old Windsor Road showing the rising hillside beyond the creek. RH 2: 19

Associates Old HI,n",cAr Road .. RIIIP (Stage 1)

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Figure 19: Section 2. Looking south-west toward the creek. This is the old line of Old Windsor Road, RHI78, showing the earlier dirt surfacing above the shale. The road has an erosion gully down the centre and grassed embankments. RH 11: 17

Figure 20: Section 2: RH/78, near vertical road cutting through shale with vegetation. Road surface is weathered shale. The drainage ditches are covered by grass. RH 11: 10

& Lowe Associate,,, Old Windsor & Windsor Roads RHlP (Stage I)

Figure 23: Section 4: Old Windsor Road cutting east of Meurants Lane showing remnant post and rail fencing. RH 13: 4

Figure 24: Section 4: Remnant post and rail fencing threaded with wire adjacent to NorthWest Business Park. RH 5:2A

Casey & Lowe Associates Old Wind'ior & Wind'ior Roads RHIP (Sutge 1)

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Figure 25: Section 4: Remnant post and rail fencing with gate rails. RH 11: 16

Figure 26: Section 4: View down the driveway, RH/75, into Glenwood Park, looking west. RH 11: 14

Casey & Lowe Associates Old Windsor & Windsor Road" RHIP (Stage 1)

1111

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RH/SO

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Cl Rl!jh

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L,J 0 f $O({tr hJc.r .. t; /I" PIo.7'Aj F;t-IJJ

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....... ~ ...... ...... .....

Figure 25.1: Location of sites RH/50 and RH/81-3 in relation to Mackenzie's survey and modern features.

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Windsor Road outside the study area We examined the rest of the length of Windsor Road to Windsor to compare the evidence for the early roadway with the existing sections within the study area. The main section of the roadway that has ret~ined evidence of the earlier appearance of Windsor Road was the cutting at Box Hill between Terry Road and Alan Street. The line of Old Hawkesbury Road at Oakville must be very similar in appearance to the unsealed Old Windsor and Windsor Road.

4.0 ArchaeoloeicaI Potential

This section covers those sites identified within the corridor of Old Windsor and Windsor Roads. Archaeological potential refers to a sites potential to contain archaeological remains below ground. This analysis is premised upon the keying together of the historical material and an examination of the site to determine the impact upon likely remains from existing development.

RHI33 Old Windsor Road It is the fabric of Old Windsor Road that is significant rather than the sub-surface remains. There is the potential for archaeological interpretation of the· road formation processes. It therefore has some archaeological potential.

RH/35 Archaeological Site This site has visible features, such as, exposed timber wall supports, sandstone foundations of a kitchen(?), and wells. It has a high archaeological potential. There appears to have been minimal disturbance to the site by twentieth-century activities.

RH/36 Archaeological Site There are some indicators as to the presence of an archaeological site: the grove of fruit trees, the structural remains that scatter the site, the remnqnt gate post on the road and the yuccas planted along the Windsor ~Road fel}ce line. This site has had minijllal disturbance to the sub-surface archaeological deposits and has a high archaeological potential.

RH/37 Archaeological Site, adjacent to Christ Church RI1123 Photographic material indicates the location of two dwellings, a cottage and the curate's house. There were no obvious archaeological remains but the visibility was low. This site has a high archaeological potential.,

RHI39 Archaeological Site This site was recorded in the Dallas et at report based upon the evidence of the 1885 survey plan. This site has a high level of archaeological potential.

RH/40 Police Station There has been some modern disturbance to this site but it is limited. Most of the remains of the original building should be adjacent to the road and will therefore be generally unaffected by the modern construction nearby. There are no visible remains but the site has a high archaeological potential. Remains are said to exist under the blackberry bush.

RHl46 Post Office While there are no visible physical remains at the site the archaeological potential for the inn and Post Office site is high. There has been no major earthworks in this area or intensive occupation of the area. The site is presently covered with grass and no features are visible. It should contain intact footings of the main Public House/Post Office building, and evidence of the coach bay and various outbuildings. Inside the building's boundaries sub-floor deposits associated with the


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occupation of the structure are likely to be located. These remains will provide evidence about the various public and private activities that went on within the building. Outside the structure will be found features and deposits associated with the different uses of the site such as rubbish pits and wells.

RH/47 Archaeological Site, south-east corner of Mile End Road This site is located beneath the shopping centre. There is a low potential for the survival of subsurface remains.

RH/48 Archaeological Site, north-east corner of Mile End Road This site is located beneath the shopping centre. There is a low potential for the survival of subsurface remains .

RH/50 Brick cottage and archaeological site Federation style brick cottage with outbuildings. Sandstock brick cistern in yard. The 1885 road survey shows a house with verandah along the road frontage with a smaller structure to its south with a yard in front, set in an orchard. The cistern probably belongs to the house. The likelihood exists of other remains of this house and its outbuildings in the vicinity. The original house may have be~n brick. Thus this site extends from near the current line of the roadway and has some archaeological potential.

RH/77 Government Stock Yard

The site of the Government Stock Yard which extended from Meurants Lane along Old Windsor Road has a low level of archaeological potential. While it is likely that there may be the remains of a stockhut dating from 1800 to about 1818 they are unlikely to be visible on the ground. This hut would probably have been a temporary shelter, possibly a slab hut. Because there are no plans indicating the location of the stockhut it would be difficult to identify remains as belonging to this structure. Therefor~. the Stock Yard has a low archaeological potential

RH/78 Unused line of Old Windsor Road

This item has minimal sub-surface archaeological 'information but it has considerable historic and social interpretive ability for the pUblic.

RH/79 Fence lines north of Meurants Lane, Old Windsor Road These fence lines will be destroyed by the excavation of the water pipeline trenches. The physical integrity of these fence lines has been affected by the upgrading and partial demolition of the fences. The fences along the western side of the road have been almost completely replaced by modern fencing. The fences along the eastern side of the road are post and wire where the rails have been replaced by wire.

RH/80 Vinegar Hill

Castlebrook Cemetery is thought to be Vinegar Hill the site of the Battle of Vinegar Hill. There is little chance of significance remains surviving associated with the battle. This site has low archaeological potential.


Two structures are indicated here on the 1885 road survey. One is immediately adjacent to the road and the other is set further back. The latter seems to have a verandah on the road frontage and a young orangery and cultivation to the north. Earthworks in the vicinity may have disturbed part of this site. It has some archaeological potential.


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RHl82 Archaeological Site A structure is shown here on the 1885 road survey, with orchards either side. It seems to have a verandah on the road frontage. Remnants of the house footings and outbuildings may have survived. There are older plantings in the area. There has been no modern development on this site and it has a high level of archaeological potential.

RH/83 Archaeological Site A structure is indicated here on the 1885 road survey in an orchard. It has a verandah on the road frontage. Remnants of the house footings and outbuildings may have survived. There are older plantings in the area. There has been no modern development on this site and it has a high level of archaeological potential.


5.1 Basis of Assessment of Cultural Significance

To identify the cultural significance of a heritage item it is necessary to discuss and assess the significance of the sites identified in the study area. This process will allow for the analysis of the sites' manifold values. These criteria are part of the system of assessment which is centred on the Burra Charter of Australia ICOMOS. The Burra Charter principles are important to the conservation and assessment of sites and relics. The assessment of cultural significance is enshrined through legislation in both the NSW Heritage Act 1977 and the Federal Heritage Commission Act.

The various nature of heritage values and the degree of this value will be appraised according to the following criteria: 70

Historic Significance An item may be associated with and effectively illustrate the evolution and pattern of cultural political, social, economic, imfustrial or technological development of its area, region or state.

Scientific Significance Scientific significance relates to an item IS ability to reveal infonnation which will contribute to the development of research on particular or various subjects.

Cultural Significance Cultural significance pertains to those items which reflect the aspirations, values and changes in contemporary tastes of society.

Social Significance Social significance relates to the way in which an item can illustrate social life - the working and living conditions, often of past eras, but also of contemporary life.

Archaeological Significance Archaeological significance requires an item to have the potential to define or expand knowledge of earlier human occupation, activities and events through archaeological research.

70 These definitions 'are taken from Heritage Assessment Guidelines, NSW Dept of Planning, 1990.


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Archaeological significance has been further defined as pertaining to a site's research potential if the following questions can be answered:

Does the site

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(a) contribute knowledge which no other resource can? (b) contribute lalOwledge which no other site can?

Cc) is the knowledge relevant to general questions about human history or other substantive problems relating to Australian History, or does it contribute to other major research questions ?71

Architectural Significance An item may have architectural or technical significance as a notable, rare, representational or early example of vernacular building ...

Aesthetic Significance An item may demonstrate imponant creative accomplishments that influence or

. challenge standards of beauty or refinement recognised by connoisseurs, a cultural group or community.

Aside from lhe Nature of significance the Degree of significance must be addressed. A site may have Rarity Value, Associative Value, Group Value, Representative Value or Integrity.

Associative Significant for association with people, activities, phases or events in the evolution of New South Wales. 72

Group Collectively, these items contribute to the distinctive continuity' or character of the street, neighbourhood or landscape of an area - its 'sense of place '.

Rarity Individual items. or groups which are rare surviving examples of something that was once widespread.

Representative An item may be regarded as a good example of its type, a seminal or optimal development of its type, or a significant variant of its type.

Integrity . The degree to which an item or site is intact, without disturbance to the original fabric.

71 Quoted from Bickford, A., Sullivan, S., Assessing the Research Potemial of Historic Sites in Sullivan and Bowdler, Sites Surveys and Significance Assessment in Australian Archaeology, 1984, p.23

72 Taken from Domicelj, SHIP, 1990, p.5


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5.2 Discussion and Statement of Cultural Significance

This discussion will address the nature and degree of the areas of significance defined above. Most items will be assessed individually.

Old Windsor Road

The surveying and development of Old Windsor Road from 1794 to 1812 is the basis for the current roadway's alignment and configuration. This roadway was an important link: for the farmers on the Hawkesbury and at Green Hills (Windsor). They were able to transport their produce to Sydney. The produce grown on the Hawkesbury was important in the early years of the colony to prevent food shortages. The trip by boat was long and arduous. The construction of Old Windsor Road was the beginning of the opening up of NSW beyond the two main centres of Sydney and Parramatta.

Old Windsor Road was built by convicts who were supplied by the government for the road construction. The roadway has been associated with the establishment of the Seven Hills Government Stock Yard probably by 1800 which was an important link: in encouraging the development of cattle herds. The Battle of Vinegar Hill, an unique event in the history of Australia, took place along a section of the road and on a nearby hill. The presence of the road provided for the development of the surrounding area and the establishment of significant local properties and smaller inns: Stanhope Park and H ill as , inn, Rouse Hill House, and Bella Vista. The construction of new Windsor Road superseded the southern section of Old Windsor Road but incorporated the line north of the junction of the two roads.

The construction of new Windsor Road with its associated bridges and toll houses was a major infrastructure initiative by the Macquarie Government. It was part of Macquarie's orders to make the colony viable QY increasing agriculture and stock.73 The position of Rouse Hill as a half-way point along the road between Parramatta and Windsor allowed for the development of a small township which provided for the local community and the passing traveller. Thus we see the development of the Police Station/Lock-up, the toll gate and eventually the Post Office. The roadway was clearly a focus for the occupants of the nearby properties with most dwellings fronting onto the road.

Old Windsor Road is a remnant eighteenth-century road. For much of its length it has retained its rural character, with sections of post and wire fencing and passing through open farming country with little suburban intrusion. It has two intact ~andstone culverts attesting to earlier construction techniques. Its general aspect, except for the recent bitumen, makes it very similar in appearance to its early nineteenth-century character. Indeed in places, particularly south of Meurants Lane, it has probably changed only minimally since Macquarie's road works. The sections of unused old road near the brickworks most probably also date to this period. It is possible that because of their width (26 feet) they predate the Macquarie period works. Further along the road there are vistas over the fields to the Blue Mountains.

Old Windsor Road then, particularly from just north of Seven Hills Road to Meurants Lane, taking into account its width; cuttings, its rural aspect and relationship to undeveloped countryside, and the fact that it apparently follows very closely to the original 1794 track, is a unique road formation in NSW. Whereas earlier roads such as Parramatta Road have changed into modern thoroughfares which hold no physical reminders, except for a few milestones, of their nineteenth-century precursors, Old Windsor Road is. redolent of its late eighteenth century beginnings.

73 C.M.H. Clark, A History of Australia, 1977, Vol. T, Melbourne Uni. Press, p. 265


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Because most of the countryside that the road passes through has not been developed many sites with important associations with the nineteenth-century occupation -of the land and provision by government and private persons of infrastructure have been preserved. These sites include the Rouse Hill toll house, Police Station, Post Office and Queens Arms, and the Royal Oak and Stanhope Arms. In addition there are archaeological sites belonging to private house sites such as RH/35, RH/82 and RH/83 are extant and apparently well preserved.

RHl33 Old Windsor Road Old Windsor Road has historic, archaeological, aesthetic, and social significance for past, present, and future generations. It is a rare remnant eighteenth and early nineteenth-century road associated with the development of the colony with a high degree of physical integrity. It retains elements of its appearance, configuration and scenic vistas. It has the ability to evoke images of past carriageways with· its narrow cuttings through high spurs with post and rail fencing crowning the ridges. It has intact nineteenth-century structures and relics (RH/54, RH/55). Its construction by convicts was integral to the development of farming along the Hawkesbury and Windsor and the provision of food supplies to the small colonial population. It was the beginning of the movement of settlements beyond Parramatta and Sydney. This layering of fabric and activities makes Old Windsor. Road a rare roadway in both NSW and Australia. It is the oldest roadway in NSW with its original alignment and cuttings dating between 1794 and 1812.

Significant Items Associated with Windsor Road: RH/29 , RH/57, and RH/60 are nineteenth-century structures and relics associated with Windsor Road. They have historical and archaeological significance. They are part of the fabric of the nineteenth-century road and have the ability to illustrate earlier construction technologies. As a group they provide a glimpse .of how the earlier road structures would have looked.

Archaeological Sites associated with Old Windsor and Windsor Road:

RHl35 Archaeological Site This site has historic, archaeological and social significance. It is the best preserved archaeological site identified adjacent to Old Windsor Road with its intact footings and features. It was constructed on Hill as , original grant and may be associated with the early occupation of the area. It has the ability to illustrate early house construction techniques. Its archaeological deposits and structure have the ability to provide information about the nineteenth-century occupation and use of this rural area and add to our understanding of this area's development.

RH/36 Archaeological Site This site has historic, archaeological and social significance. This site may be the location of an early inn along Windsor Road. Its archaeological deposits and structure have the ability to provide information about the nineteenth-century occupation and use of this rural area and add to our understanding of its development.

RH/37 Archaeological Site, adjacent to Christ Church This site has historic, archaeological and social significance. The site was the location of a cottage and the curate's house. Its archaeological deposits and structure have the ability to provide information about the nineteenth-century occupation and use of this rural area and add to our understanding of its development. These structures were closely linked into the local community with their proximity to the Church· and Post Office.


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RH/39 Archaeological Site This site has historic, archaeological and social significance. Its archaeological deposits and structure have the ability to provide information, about the nineteenth-century occupation and use of this rural area and add to our understanding of its development.

RHl40 Police Station

The police station has historical, archaeological and social significance for past, present and future generations. It is a relatively intact and unusual site. It contains structures, features and associated deposits associated with the early nineteenth-century occupation and maintenance of law and order in this area. It has the potential to inform us about past activities involving a variety of social groups. Few nineteenth-century police stations have been excavated in Australia.

RHl46 Post Office

This site has historical, social and archaeological significance. It contains the remains of structures, features and deposits associated with the early occupation of this area. The site was actively involved with the daily life of the local Rouse Hill community through its provision of alcohol and postal services. It was owned by an important member of the local community and a Member of the Legislative Assembly. It has the potential to illustrate the variety of activities associated with the occupation of the inn and its use as a Post Office.

RHl47 and RHl48

These sites have a low level of cultural significance because of their low archaeological potential.

RHlSO House and Archaeological Site Although the earlier remains have been impacted by the twentieth-century structures the site has historic, archaeological and social significance. Its archaeological deposits and existing features have the ability to provide information about the nineteenth-century occupation and use of this rural area and add to our understanding of its development.

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RHl76 Rouse Hill Toll House

Although this site has not been positively located it has historical, archaeological and social significance for past, present, and future generations; It was built by a prominent individual, Richard Rouse. It was part of ~e early infrastructure programmes established by Governor Macquarie for the development of the Colony.

RHl77 Government Stock Yard

The site of the Government Stock Yard has significance as a place associated with the colonial administration and development of the early colony. It contains structures, features and deposits associated with the early nineteenth-century occupation of the area.

RHl78 Unused line of Old Windsor Road

This item has significance for past, present, and future generations. It has historic, archaeological, social and scientific significance. It is the oldest extant remnant of roadway in NSW that has not been modernised and bitumened. It has the ability to illustrate early road technology and conditions with the cutting, surfacing, and slope of the road.

RHl79 Fence lines along Old Windsor and Windsor Roads Intact sections of post and rail fence lines have historic, archaeological, aesthetic and social significance. They have the ability to illustrate earlier land use, sub-division and settlement. They are indicative of early pastoral activities and the continuous maintenance activities and hard daily grind on small farms and holdings. Where there are intact sections of fence line associated with the earlier sections of Old Windsor Road they are an important part of the landscape.


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RH/80 Vinegar Hill This site has historic and social significance for past, present and future gen.erations. The significance of the site resides in its involvement with the Battle of Vinegar Hill, the first mutiny/rebellion that occurred in Australia and the only one perpetrated by convicts. It is the site that is significant, not its fabric.

RH/8I Archaeological Site Although this site has been impacted to some degree it has historic, archaeological and social significance as any surviving archaeological deposits and structure have the ability to provide information about the nineteenth-century occupation and use of this rural area and add to our understanding of its development.

RH/82 Archaeological Site While this site has not been specifically located it has historic, archaeological and social significance. Its archaeol.ogical deposits and structure have the ability to provide information about the nineteenth-century occupation and use of this rural area and add to our understanding of its development.

RH/83 .Archaeological Site While' this site has not been specifically located it has historic, archaeological and social significance. Its archaeological deposits and structure have the ability to provide information about the nineteenth-century occupation and use of this rural area and add to our understanding of its development.

Archaeological Sites and Group Significance The archaeological sites in the Rouse HilI Village and those along the western side of the road to the south are a rare group of archaeological sites belonging to the occupation and land use of Rouse Hill and Old Windsor and Windsor Roads. The village and settlement in this area began in the early nineteenth cenniry and continues today. The lack of building development provides a high degree of physical integrity for many of the archaeological deposits which is rare, especially on the village scale. These sites have the ability to illustrate and inform us about past activities through their archaeological deposits, features and structures. All the sites are linked .through time, association and occupation. They have a high archaeological significance as a group.

6.0 Impact from Development

The impact of the Infrastructure (Stage 1) Works programme on each site and structure will be briefly assessed:

RH/33 Old Windsor Road The sections of Old Windsor Road around Meurants Lane will be destroyed during the widening and lowering of the road by the RTA. This will destroy the cuttings and the remnant post and rail fencing in this area. 'Other works will be undertaken near Sunnyholt Road. There is little early fabric of the road with cultural significance in this area.

The fence lines on the eastern side of Old Windsor Road will be destroyed where the pipelines are to be laid so as to provide the Water Board with access to their lines. The sections of fencing that will be demolished are generally in poor condition and therefore their fabric has a low level of integrity. The fence lines are an element in the significance of Old Windsor Road and the more important areas appear not be affected by the pipelines.


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This site will not be impacted by the current works programme. It may be affected by future road widening options.



RH/37 Archaeological Sites

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These sites will not be impacted by the current works programme. They may' be affected by future road widening options.



RH/40 Police Station

There is no immediate impact on this site from present development by either the RTA or the Stage 1 Work~ programme.

RH/46 Post Office

The site is located in the vicinity of the Rouse Hill Public Golf Course sign and is near the property boundary along Windsor Road. The water pipelines are to be cut along the property boundary and are approximately llOOmm wide and 1800mm deep. This trench will be cut by an excavator and will involve a major impact on the site from the various spoil removal trucks carting the soil away. The potential for further serious disturbance of the site by machinery and trucks, particularly during phases of the work carried out in wet weather, is high. If the pipeline trench has to be put along this easement then r RH/46 must be fully excavated.

RH/47 and RH/48 Archaeological Sites

This site will not be imp·acted by the current works programme. It may be affected by future road widening options.

RH/50 House and Archaeological Site


RH/76 Toll House


RH/77 Government Stock Yard

The main impact in this area will be from the construction of Basin 13 and the housing development on Glenwood Park. It is unlikely that the stockhut would have been built near the creeks and we have surveyed the main areas of the housing development and have not seen any remains to indicate the presence of the stockhut.

RH/78 Unused line of Old Windsor Road

This line has already been by-passed by the RTA and there should be no further impact on this item by the Stage 1 Works .


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RHl79 Fence lines along Windsor and Old Windsor Road The fence lines along most of the eastern side of Old Windsor Road will be destroyed during the excavation of the service trenches. Some of the more intact sections will be left.

RH/80 Vinegar Hill

There are trench lines being cut through the base of Castlebrook Cemetery adjacent to the road. These will not affect the significance of the site.







7.0 Constraints


7.1.1 Blacktown LEP 1988

There are four sites Ii~ted on the Blacktown Local Environmental Plan 1988 that are in or near the study area:

1. Exeter Cottage, Meurants Lane

2. Glenwood Park Dairy, Sunnyholt Road, Lot 41, D.P. 814447, Parklea 3. Merriville, Vinegar Hill Road - Lot 1, D.P. 204060, KeUyville 4. Site of the Battle of Vinegar Hill, Memorial Site, Part Lot 4, D.P. 550771, KeUyville

Vinegar Hill, the site of the Castlebrook Cemetery, is the only site included within this study.

7.1.2 Baulkham Hills LEP 1991

There are sites in or near the study area that are included in Schedule 1 of the Baulkham Hills LEP 1991.

1. 50. Be/la Vista, Lot 1 and 2 D.P. 584274 and Pt Lot 102 D.P. 624884, Old Windsor Road Kellyville

2. 89. Former Divine Word Missionaries, 100 Windsor Road, Part Portion 93, Parish of Castle Hill (pt 79832), Kellyville

3. 90. Mungerie, Lot 2, D.P. 702137, Windsor Road, Rouse Hill. 4. 91. Royal Oak Inn, Lot 1, D.P. 747364, Windsor Road, Rouse Hill 5. 92. Christ Church, Part portion 79, Parish of Castle Hill, Windsor Road, Rouse Hill 6. 103. Wellgate, Withers Road, Kellyville


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Amendment 3 to the 1991 LEP was gazetted in June 1992. A number of other items that are in or near the study area were added to the LEP list:

7. Cemetery, Lot 49, 50 and 51, D.P. 193021, Mile End Road Rouse Hill 8. Aberdoon, House, Lot 1, D.P. 740110, Mile End Road, Rouse Hill 9. Slab Hut, Lot 3, D.P. 564652, Mile End Road, Rouse Hill 10. Marylands Stud gates, Lot 11, D.P. 30803, Victoria Road, KeIIyville 11 Mount St. Francis, House, Lot 4, D.P. 402692, Windsor Road, Kellyvi1Je 12 Private burial ground and ruins, Lot 2, D.P. 564652, Withers Road, KellyviIle 13 House, Lot 11, D.P. 2123, Wrights Road, KeIIyvilIe 14 Winslow, House, Lot 1, D.P. 513521, Wrights Road, Kellyvi1Je

Only two of these sites is included within this Heritage Study: Royal Oak Inn and Christ Church. Neither of these sites is an archaeological item.

7.1.3 Regional Environmental Plans (REP)

A numb~r of sites of environmental heritage were identified in Schedule 1 of the SREP 19 that are near or in the study area:

1 Divine Word Mission, House, 100 Windsor Road, KelIyville 2 Bella Vista and outbuildings and Bunya Pines, Lot 2 D.P. 584274 3 Christ Church, part portion 79, Parish of Castle Hill, Windsor Road 4 Royal Oak Inn, Lot 3, D.P. 30916, Windsor Road 5 Meurants Cottage, part Lot 244, D.P. 260104, Meura.nts Lane 6 Glenwood Park Dairy, residence, Lot 4, D.P. 615621, off Sunnyholt Road 7 Merriville, Loti, D.P. 204060, Vinegar Hill Road

Only two of these sites are included within the' Heritage Study: the Royal Oak Inn and Christ ~hurch. Neither item is an archaeological site.

7.1.4 Heritage Act 1977 (Amended)

7.1.4.1 Section 139 - Relics Provisions - Excavation Permit

There are a number of legislative constraints upon the relics included in this study. Under the relics pfOvisions Section 139 of the Heritage Act 1977:

A person shall not disturb or excavate any land for the purpose of discovering, exposing or moving a relic, not being a relic subject to a conservation instrument, except in accordance with an excavation permit.

A relic as defined by the. Act is: . . any deposit, object or material evidence-

(a) which relates to the settlement of the area that comprises New South Wales, not being aboriginal settlement; and

(b) which is 50 or more years old;

A 'relic' is an item of 'environmental heritage' defined by the Heritage Act 1977 as:


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those buildings, works, relics or places of historic, scientific, cultural, social, archaeological, architectural, natural or aesthetic significance for the State.

35

Any item identified as an archaeological site or relic cannot be impacted upon without an excavation permit. An application for an excavation permit must be made to the Heritage Council and it may take two to four weeks for it to be processed. The application for a permit must nominate a qualified archaeologist to manage the disturbance of the relic. A excavation permit application is contained in Appendix 4. There is a processing fee of $10 attached to each excavation permit except for those under a PCO which requires a fee of $40. All the sites identified as archaeological sites found in this Heritage Study are listed in the Management Procedures section.

If during the course of the works programme physical evidence of foundations or groups of artefacts are exposed it will be necessary to stop work and notify the Heritage Council of NSW of this disturbance to this site. A suitably qualified archaeologist will have to examine the site before work proceeds.

7.1.4.2 Permanent Conservation Orders

None of the archaeological sites are listed PCO items. Both Christ Church and 'the Royal Oak Inn are PCO items.

7.1.5 Australian Heritage Commission Act

RH/33 Old Windsor Road is listed on the National Estate. This listing only has legislative constraint if an item to be impacted is owned by the Australian Government or the activity affecting the site was the result of Federal Government funding or if it required Federal Government consent prior to going ahea9. In the Case of Old Windsor Road there is no constraint under the Australian Heritage Commission Act although its registration on the National Estate is indicative of its cultural significance.

7.1.6 National Trust (NSW)

The National Trust of Australia (NSW) has classified RH/33 Old Windsor Road. There is no legislative constraint arising from this classification but it is indicative of the level of cultural significance retained by the roadway.


The undertaking of this Archaeological Heritage Study of Old Windsor and Windsor Roads has allowed us to re-assess the significance of individual sites within the study area. The levels of significance identified in the original survey report have been altered where this fuller assessment has indicated that the site or item has an higher level of significance than the original survey indicated. There are a few ~ites that were not included in the original survey but have been recorded in the inventory because while not impacted by RHIP (Stage 1) Works they are part of the cultural significance of the road.

Of exceptional significance Archaeological Sites/Relics RH/33 Old Windsor Road RH/78 Unused line of Old Windsor Road


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These sites should not be impacted upon by the works programme.

Of considerable significance Archaeological Sites/Relics RH/29 Second Ponds Creek Bridge RH/35 Archaeological Site RH/36 Archaeological Site RH/37 Archaeological Site RH/39 Archaeological Site RH/40 Police Station RH/46 Post Office RH/54 Stone Culvert RH/55 Post and Rail fencing RH/57 Stone Culvert RH/60 Post and Rail fencing RH/76 Rouse Hill Toll House RH/77 Government Stock Yard RH/80 Vinegar Hill RH/82 Archaeological Site RH/83 Archaeological Site

36

Where possible these sites should not be affected by the works programme. If they are to be impacted they will require a fuller assessment of their archaeological potential and significance. All proposed disturbance of these sites will require consent from the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning in the form of an Excavation Permit.

Of some significance Archaeological Sites/Relics RH/47 Archaeological Site RH/48 Archaeological Site RH/50 House/Archaeological Site RH/56 Stone Culvert RH/8I Archaeological Site

Where possible these sites should not be affected by the works programme. If they, are to be impact~ they will require a fuller assessment of their archaeological potential and significance. All proposed disturbance of these sites will require consent from the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning in the form of an Excavation Permit.

Of low significance Archaeological Sites/Relics RH/79 Fence posts along Old Windsor Road

Where possible these sites should not be affected by the works programme. If they are to be impacted they will require a fuller assessment of their archaeological potential and significance. All proposed disturbance of these sites will require consent from the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning in the form of an Excavation Permit.

With specific reference to the fences along Old Windsor Road the Heritage Branch has consented to their demolition where it is necessary and the fabric is believed to have a Iow level of physical integrity.


9.0 Recommendations

These recommendations are premised upon:

i) The legal requirements of the Relics provisions of the S. 139 Heritage Act 1977 where it is:

illegal to disturb or excavate any land for the purpose of discovering, exposing or moving a relic, not being a relic subject to a conservation instrument, except in accordance with an excavation permit;

ii) The original survey work carried out for the survey report and additional survey work carried out for this report.

iii) The identified impacts from Stage 1 Works as diSCUSSed with the Joint Venture.

General Recommendations

1. All items and sites identified in this report should be conserved where possible.

2. If any of the archaeological sites are to impacted they will require archaeological investigation under the supervision of a qualified archaeologist.

3. Any disturbance to sites or relics will require an excavation permit from the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning.

Recommendation for seecific sites that will be impacted by the RHIP (Stage 1) Works

Recommendations for RHi33 Old Windsor Road

These recommendations are premised upon:

i) The registration of this site on the National Estate and its classification by the National Trust (NSW).

ii) Identified impact on sections of Old Windsor Road fOllowing discussions with Graham Richards, RTA, in June 1993.

iii) The assessment and Statement of Cultural Significance in this report.

iv) The assessment of the significance of the roadway in the Mitchell McCotter EIS heritage assessment of Old Windsor Road carried out by Howard Tanner & Associates Pty Ltd.

1. This section of Old Windsor Road has cultural significance for past, present, and future generations and therefore it should not be destroyed. It is a unique roadway and should be conserved for the use, appreciation and enjoyment of the people of NSW.

2. The improvements to Old Windsor Road should, where possible, be diverted around the existing stretch of roadway I.Skm either side of Meurants Lane so as to leave the significant stretches of roadway intact.


RHIP (Stage I)

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3. The stretch of Old Windsor Road that has been by-passed, RH 78, should be cleaned up by removing the bitumen that has been dumped there. The road surface should be stabilised so as to prevent further erosion of its surface.

4. Interpretation signage should be supplied for both sections of Old ° Windsor Road which illustrate the history and significance of the roadway to the public.

Recommendations for RH/46

These recommendations are premised upon: i) The Relics provisions of the Heritage Act 1977 ii) The impact upon RH/46 as discussed in a meeting with the Joint Venture and Rouse Hill Pty Ltd and the completed water pipeline plans. iii) If conditions of impact alter at any stage then the archaeologists must be informed and asked to reassess the impact upon the archaeological site. iv) Discussions with the Heritage Branch, Department of Planning, regarding our approach to the site.

1. Thoe archaeological deposits, structures and features associated with the Post Office and the public house are of historical, social, and archaeological significance.

2. If this site is to be impacted upon it will require archaeological excavation. The activities of the cutting of the trench and the movement of large trucks and machinery over this area have the potential to seriously affect the archaeological deposits belonging to the inn and Post Office.

3. The area of the pipeline trench and the zone of impact will have to be excavated. It is important to excavate any areas that will be disturbed but it is also important to recognise the

'"' potential of the site and manage it so that the archaeological deposits will be disturbed as little as possible. In addition it is important that the final information available once the excavation of the site is completed is coherent and meaningful.

4. Because of the potential to cause time delays it is essential that all archaeological excavation be completed prior to any works commencing in this area.

5. The excavation of the area to be impacted will allow for the production of recommendations to manage the site and deal with future impacts and identify the further potential of the site.

Recommendations for RH/79, fence lines along Old Windsor Road, north of Meurants Lane

1. Because the physical integrity of these structures is poor the Heritage Branch has provided permission for these fence lines to be demolished.

2. The fences have been recorded during the field survey.

3. Where there are intact segments of post and rail fencing, such as on the crest of cuttings, these should not be impacted if possible.


10.0 Abbreviations

AAO BT HRA HRNSW ML MLms POF RHAS SAO SG

Australian Archives Office (NSW Branch) Bonwick Transcript Historical Records of Australia Historical Records of New South Wales MitchelI Library MitcheII Library Manuscripts Post Office Files Rouse Hill Archaeological Survey (Dallas et ai, 1989) State Archives Office Sydney Gazette

11.0 References

Primary Sources MitchelI Library State Archives Office BIacktown Local Studies Library

Maps

Aerial Mosaic Sheet No.6, Kellyville (SAO Map 32198)

Burr & Ballisat, 1813

'-

Accurate list of the landholders in the Colony of NSW, 1813 (MLMS C453)

Grimes, 1796 Plan of the Settlements in New South Wales (ML)

Hunter, Gov., 1796 New South Wales, Sketch of the Settlements (ML)

Directories

NSW Calendar & General Post Office Directory, 1834-38 (ML)

Balliere, F.F., Official Post Office Directory of NSW, 1867 (ML)

GrevilIe & Co., Official Post Office Directory of NSW, 1872, 1875-77 (ML)

Secondary Sources

Aplin, G. (ed.) 1988

Sydney Before Macquarie. A Difficult Infant, NSW UnL Press, Sydney.

Best, R. 1983

Some Early Inns and Innkeepers of the West in Blacktown and District Historical Society pA,9

Casey & Lowe Associates Old Windsor & Windsor Roads RlllP (Stage 1)

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Bickford, A., SulIivan, S. 1984

Assessing the Research Potential of Historic Sites in SulIivan and Bowdler, Sites Surveys and Significance Assessment in Australian Archaeology, p.23

Bowd, D.G. 19841 Hawkesbury Journey, privately published

Brayshaw McDonaId P/L 1993

Archaeological Survey of the Rouse Hilllnjrastructure Project (Stage 1) Works along Caddies, Smalls and Second Ponds Creeks, Rouse Hill, NSW for Rouse Hill J oint Venture

CIark, C.M.H. 1977

A History of Australia, Vol. I, Melbourne Uni. Press.

Dallas, M., Mackay, R., and Karskens, G. 1989

Archaeological Study of the Land within the Shire of Baulkham Hill in the Parklea Release Area for Baulkham Hill Council.

Envirosciences Pty Ltd 1993

Heritage Sites of Significance within the Rouse Hilllnjrastructure Project Region for Rouse HilI Joint Venture

Jonathan FaIk Planning Consultants P/L and Rodney Jensen and Associated P/L 1985 Blacktown Heritage Study for Blacktown Council

Galea, M. 1984(1) History of,Kellyville, local publication

Gutteridge Haskins & Davey P/L 1992 Review of Environmental Factors, Rouse Hill Development Area Stage 1 _ Infrastructure Works: Potable Water, Reclaimed Water, Drainage, Sewerage

Department of Main Roads 1976 The Roadmakers, Department of Main Roads.

Department of Planning 1990

Heritage Assessment Guidelines, NSW Department of Planning.

McLoughlin, L. 1988

Landed peasantry or landed gentry: A geography of land grants in G. Aplin (ed.) Sydney Before Macquarie. A Difficult Infant, p.120-147, UNSW, Sydney.

MitcheII McCotter and Associates P/L 1993 Extract from Environmental Impact Study for the RTA

Proudfoot, H. 1987

Exploring Sydney's West, Kangaroo Press, p.122

Silver, L.R. 1989

The Battle of Vinegar Hill, Doubleday, Sydney.


40

Symes, J.G. 1981 The Castle Hill Rebellion of 1804, Baulkham Hill Historical Society

Howard Tanner & Associates P/L 1983 North-West Sector Heritage Study for the Department of Planning

Thornton, C. 1984(?) Rouse Hill House and the Rouses, privately published.

Thorp, W. 1993

Survey of Historic Resources, Stanhope Park, Parklea, NSW, for the Department of Housing


Figure 1: Locality Map, Rouse Hill Development Area Figure 2: Study Area showing the location of the proposed developments. Figure 3.: Study Area showing the location of sites within the corridor of impact and those

associated with the Old Windsor Road and Windsor Road. CMA topographic 1 :25000 Figure 4: G. Grimes, Plan of the Settlements in New South Wales, 1796, HRNSW. Figure 5: Surveyors Notebook sketch, SAO 211728, Vol. 2, fol. 66. Figure 6: Parish Map of Gidley, SAO Map 221 Figure 7: "Parish of Castle HilI", c. 1835. SAO Map 202 Figure 8: Extract from R. Baylis Mackenzie, Survey of Roadfrom Parramatta to Windsor, Sheet

5, 1885. CLO 3172. 1603. Figure 9: "Rouse Hill Village", undated oil painting hanging in the entrance hall of Rouse Hill

House. Taken from Dallas, Mackay and Karskens 1989, p.36. Figure 10: G. Grimes, Map of NSW, 1806? ML 811.111806?11

41

Figure 11: Extract from Burr & BalIisat's, Map of the Allotments of Ground Granted by the Crown in New South Wales, 1813, ML 991/A '

Figure 12: Photograph showing the crossing over the Second Ponds Creek Bridge, n.d. (1880s?), Thornton p. 220.

Figure 13: Plan supplied by the RTA showing the details of the present bridge and elevations of the older sandstone piers.

Figure 14: "Survey of Road from Parramatta to Windsor", 1885, by R. Baylis Mackenzie, Sheet 3. CLO 3172.1603

Figure 15: "Survey of Road from Parramatta to Windsor", 1885, by R. BayIis Mackenzie, Sheet 4. CLO 3172.1603

Figure 16: "Survey of Road from Parramatta to Windsor", 1885, by R. BayIis Mackenzie, Sheet 5. CLO 3172.1603

Figure 17: Section 1, view to the north-west showing the cutting on the eastern side of Old Windsor Road, the bitumen surfacing and the lower cutting on the western side. RH 11:6

Figure 18: Section 1: Looking northwards along Old Windsor Road showing the rising hillside beyond the creek. RH 2: 19

Figure 19: Section 2. Looking south-west toward the creek. This is the old line of Old Windsor Road, RH/78, showing the earlier dirt surfacing above the shale. The road has an erosion gully down the centre and grassed embankments. RH 11:17

Figure 20: Section 2: RH/78, near vertical road cutting through shale with vegetation. Road surface is weathered shale. The drainage ditches are covered by grass. RH 11: 10

Figure 21: Section 3: Bitumen surfaced road through narrow tree-lined cutting with three rail split fencing. Looking south. RH 5: lA


Figure 22: Section 3: Sandstone culvert from western side of Old Windsor Road. RH 2:22 Figure 23: Section 4: Old Windsor Road cutting east of Meurants Lane showing remnant post and

rail fencing. RH 13:4 " - "Figure 24: Section 4: Remnant post and rail fencing threaded with wire adjacent to North-West

Business Park. RH 5 :2A " Figure 25: Section 4: Remnant post and rail fencing with gate rails. RH 11: 16 Figure 25.1: Location of sites RH/50 and RH/81-3 in relation to Mackenzie's survey and modern

features. Figure 26: Section 4: View down the driveway, RH/75, into Glenwood Park, looking west. RH

11:14 Figure 27: Section 5: Narrow, flat stretch of tree lined road near the bend in RH/33.

RH 14:2 Figure 28: Section 6: The Royal Oak Inn RH/20. RH 6:1 Figure 29: Section 6: Christ Church, RH/23, was built in the 1860s. RH 1:20

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Figure 30: Section 6: RH/24 the extant building used as a Butchers Shop was recorded in the 1885 survey of Old Windsor Road.


r ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993

Location: Victoria Road, Castle Hill Grid Rer: 312170 6267080

For Rouse Hill Pt Ltd

Site Number: RH/4 Date: June 1993 Recorder: MC

Description: Rough faced ashlar masonry gateposts and walls. Iron gates.

History/Comments: Entrance to former Marylands Stud.

Date: Themes: Assessment or Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Scientific Significance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative

Level or Cultural Significance: of some significance

Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Re resentative


Nature or Impact: tt Potted Water

Dept of Housing Reclaimed Water n

RTA Road 0 Retarding Basin n

Dump 0 Sewerage 0

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: _/ SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP LLf

Recommendations: Retain in situ, do not disturb

ate from Victoria Road. Inrormant<i: Rererences: Dallas et at Ca<iey & Lowe Associates June 1993

NAT.TRUST 0 RHAS CL( OTHERS 0



Name: Rn al Oak Inn T e of Item: Hotel Loc~ltion: Windsor Road, Rouse Hill Grid Ref: E: 3071001 N:6270390

For Rouse Hill Pt Ltd Site Number: RH/20 Date: 27/6/93 Recorder: MC, AL

Descript.ion: Sandstone single storeyed with verandah fronting the road. Modern huildings hehind it to the east. Frontage on footpath.

History/Comments: Shown on 1885 survey, Sheet 5, within Ann Seath's land.

Date: c 1830s Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: lIi~toric Significance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Scientific SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic Significance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance


Nature of Impact: ~ Potted Water

Dept of Housing Reclaimed Water r7l/

RTA Road tz1 Retarding 8asin n

Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage L~gs/Planning Instruments: ~ SREP 19 LLJ 8KTN LEP 0 8H LEP L£J NAT.TRUST d RIIAS I1J OTHERS 0 Recommendations: Conserve

al Oak Inn from Windsor Road. Informanl<;: hs: 6:1 References: MacKenzie, 1885 Road Surve Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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RHJ20 located on R. Baylis MacKenzie, Survey of Road ParrtlltUltta to Windsor, 1885 Crown Lands Office, 31272. 1603, Sheet 4. There is only one building in this allotment and it is the Royal Oak Inn.

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Pt Ltd

Name: Fence Posts - Christ Church Sit{~ Number: RH/23 T e of Item: Fencin r

Locution: Christ Church, Windsor Road, Rouse Hill Grid Ref: E: 306810 I N:6270830

Date: 3/6/93 Recorder: MC, AL

Des{~ription: Square dry-pressed hrick fence posts. Cement mortar and render with steel fence rails and wire mesh.

History/Comments: Front fence of churchyard. Part of the church's curtilage.

Dat.e: Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Ran' Associative Representative Integrity Archaeological Significance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Social Significance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Architectural Significance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Scientific Significance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Aesthetic Significance: Rare Associative Representative Integrity Other: Rare Associative Re resentative Int

Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance as part of Church's curtilage.


Dept of Housing 0 Reclaimed Water ~

RTA Road ttl Retarding Basin n Dump 0

Heritage li~gS/Planning Instruments: ~ ~ SREP 19 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP l{j NAT. TRUST t:CJ

Recommendations: Retain. An work re uires Council ermission.

tion: View of fence from western side of Windsor Road. Informants: hs' 1 :20 References: Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993

Sewerage D

RHAS OTHERS 0


I Appendix 1: Inventory of Archaeo\oeical Sites

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Old 1)

ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hi 11

Location: Windsor Road, north of Mile End Road, east side. Grid Ref: E:306750 / N:6271010 Description: Former house, altered for commercial uses.

Recorder: MC, AL

History/Comments: House now used as butcher's shop. Appears on 1885 survey, Sheet 5.

Assessment of Cultural Signill""""'" Hi~toric SignifICance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social Significance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare A~sociative

Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare A~sociative

Level of Cultural Significance: Of low significance


Dept of Housing 0 Reclaimed Water n

RTARoad 0


Basin n Dump 0

Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity I

Sewerage D

Heri tage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP 0 NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS [2] OTHERS 0

Recommendations: Conserve ======~~----------------------------------------------------~

Casey & Lowe A<;sociates September 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Pt Lld

Name: Site Number: RH/25 T e of Hem: Cemeter Loclltion: Mile End Road, Rouse Hill Grid Ref: E:306720 I N:627 1020

Date: 27/6/93 Recorder: MC, A L

Description: Cemetery with monuments dating from 1874. Graves facing central circular walkway. Post and rail/wire fences at sides and vermiculated concrete fence along road frontage.

History/Comments: A number of important local pioneers and their families buried in the cemetery, ego the Terrys.

Date: 1874 onwards Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Rare A~sociative

Archaeological Significance: Rare A~sociative

Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Scientific Signifteance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative


Nature of Impact:


Potted Water n Dept of Housing D

Reclaimed Water n RTARoad D

Retarding Basin n Dump D


Sewerage D

Heritage Listings/Planning Instruments: r--I, SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP Lill

Recommendations: Pre are conservation lan NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS GZJ OTHERS 0

Ca tion: Wall of cemeter on Mile End Road, lookin east. Informants: hs: 6:2 References: Dallas et ai, National Trust Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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Mile End Road

RH/2S Rouse Hill Cemetery

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Pine trees

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Concrete fence

Mile End Road

RH/25 Rouse Hill Cemetery

ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hi 11 Pt y Ltd

Name: Second T e of Item: Brid re Location: Windsor Road over Second Ponds Creek Grid Ref: E:306400! N:627 1350

Site Number: RH/29 Date: 1/6/93 Recorder; MC, AL

Description: Reinforced concrete bridge on three quarry-faced sandstone piers.

History/Comments: Three sandstone piers re-used from previous stone bridge over Creek. Upper(?) course modified to support reinforced concrete bridge. Cumber/and Argus l/6/l889 refers to planned building of new bridge after previous earth and timber bridge damaged in flood. Photo of this bridge in Thornton, p.220. Date: 1890?

Communication Alisessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Rare Associative Archaeological Significance: Rare A~sociative Social Significance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Scientific Significance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance

Nature of Impact:


Potted Water n Dept of Housing 0

Reclaimed Water n RTA Road [ZJ

Retarding Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage 0 Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: J

SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP 0 NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS W OTHERS 0 Recommendations: Retain sandstone iers, additional research to ascertain date.

Ca tion: Informants: 5 References: MacKenzie, 1885 Road Surve Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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Name: Second Ponds Creek Brit! re

T e of Item: Brid e Location: Windsor Road over Second Ponds Creek Grid Ref: E:306400 I N:6271350

Site Number: RH129 Date: 1/6/93 Recorder: MC, AL

Description: Reinforced concrete hridge on three quarry-faced sandstone piers.

History/Comments: Three sandstone piers re-used from previous stone hridge over creek. Upper(?) course modified to support reinforced concrete decking. Cumber/and Argus 1/611889 refers to planned building of new bridge after previous earth and timber bridge damaged in flood. Photo of either timber or sandstone bridge in Thornton, p.220. Date: c.1890 iers Themes: Trans ort Communication Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Rare A.~sociative

Archaeological Significance: Rare Associative Social Significance: Rare Associative Architectural Significance: Rare A.~sociative

Scientific SignirlCance: Rare Associative Aesthetic Significance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative




RTARoad 0


Basin n Dump 0

Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Int rit,

Sewerage D

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D NAT. TRUST D RHAS D OTHERS D

Recommendations: Retain sandstone iers, additional research to ascertain date.

Ca tion: Sandstone iers of c.1890 brid e. 5

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Stage I) Works

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rous(~ 1Ii11 Pt Ltd

Name: Old Windsor Road T e of Item: Road Location: Between Seven Hills Road and Windsor Road Grid Ref:

Site Number: RH/33 Date: 4/6/93 Recorder: MC, AL

Description: Two lane road with native vegetation either side of roadway. Post and rail fencing on

some sections.

History/Comments: The road cutting is likely to follow the original line of the road set out in 1794 and as subsequently improved. The post and rail fencing is likely to be remnants of that described as

'old' on the 1885 road survey. Date: From Grose onwards Themes: Trans Oft, Communication A~sessment of Cultural Signitic~Ulce: Historic Significance: Archaeological SignifiCance:

Rart' Associativt' Rart' I Associative

Social SignifiCance: Rare Associative

Architectural SignifiCance: Rare Associative

ScientifiC Significance: Rare Associative

Aesthetic SignifiCance: Rart' Associative

Other: Rart' Associative

Level of Cultural Significance: Of exceptional significance


Dept of Housing 0 Reclaimed Watt'r n

RTA Road C2l

Representative Representativt' Representative Representative Representative Representative Re resentative

Rasin n Dump 0


Seweragt' 0

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: .---,/ SREP 19 0 RKTN LEI' RH LEP 0 NAT. TRUST L:::J RHAS [2f OTHERS [Z)

Recommendations: National Estate: retain. If not ossible carr out further research and full record.

Ca lion: Line of Old Windsor Road showin Informants: 5:0A

References:

Casey & Llwe A'isociates Sept.ember 1993 RIIIP (Stage 1) Works

I I


Name: Burial site Site Numher: RH/34 T e of Itl~m: Grave/House site Date: 216/93 Location: Withers Road, near Caddies Creek crossing Grid Ref: E: 307780 1 N :6271050

Recorder: MC, AL

Description: Single grave marked hy sandstone stele and rock mound. Stele has incised cross. Mound of uncoursed stone nearhy appears to he remains of a fireplace. Possihle threshold stone nearhy.

History/Comments: Site situated ahove Caddies Creek. Land granted hy 1822, shown on 1835, 1850, 1860 plans. In 1860 site part of fenced paddock. Part of 'Aherdoon' property.

Date: Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Archaeological Significance: Social Significance: Architectural Significance: ScientirlC SignirlCance: Aesthetic Significance: Other:

Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative





RTA Road 0 Retarding Basin n

Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: r11 ~ SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP W NAT. TRUST ~ RHAS cz( OTHERS 0

Recommendations: Conserve further historical research, retain curtila e.

Ca tion: Informants: Photo'ra hs: 3;7, 8 References: Surve or General, 1860, AONSW, Ma 10147 Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

I

ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Plv Lld

Name: House site Site Numher: RH/35 T e of Item: House site Location: Old Windsor Road Grid Ref: E:308540 / N:6267500


Description: Round timber posts protruding c 15cm out of ground delineate a building with detached kitchen. An earthen mound runs along the side of the structure facing the road. A sandstock brick cistern to south of building, with two dry-pressed brick cisterns to south-east and east. Sandstone blocks and stone mantel iece near kitchen. Sin le oleander. History/Comments: A house is indicated on this site on the 1885 survey, Sheet 4.

Date: Pre-1885 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Si~nificance: Historic Significance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social Significance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic Significance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative






RTA Road [ZJ Basin n Dump 0

Sewerage D

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D NAT. TRUST D RHAS C2f OTHERS D

Recommendations: Further historical research/Baseline Archaeolo ical Assessment

Ca tion: Dwellin site with to of osts visible above round level, stone mantel Informants: Photo ra hs: 5: 17 A, 18A References: MacKenzie, 1885 Road Surve ; Dallas et at

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Sta~e 1) Works

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For ROllse Hill Pt Lld

Name: House site Site Numher: RH/36 T e of Item: Archaeolo >ical site Date: 27/6/93 Location: Windsor Rd Recorder: MC, AL Grid Ref: E:308050 1 N:6268800 Description: Very little visihle except for some sandstock hrick fragments. Fruit trees and yuccas.

History/Comments: House shown here on 1885 survey. Area higher than roadway at this point. This was possihly the site of the Swan Inn run hy John Cross that was recorded in the Post Office Directories hetween 1832-1838. Date: Pre-1885 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Rare Associat.ive Archaeological SignifICance: Rare A<;sociative Social Significance: Rare A'lsociative Architectural Significance: Rare Associative Scientific Significance: Rare Associative Aesthet.ic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative

Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerahle significance


Dert of Housing 0 Reclaimed Water n.

RTARoad G

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP

Recommendations: Conserve; if im acted it will re

Informants: References: MacKenzie, 1885 Road Surve

Casey & Lowe Assodates September 1993

Representative / Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Re resentative

Int.egrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity

Basin n Dump 0

Sewerage D

OTHERS 0

RHII' (Stage 1) Works

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Name: Two house T e of Item: Two archaeolo rical sites Location: North of Christ Church, Windsor Road Grid Ref: E:306800 / N:6270840

Site Number: RH/37 Date: Se It. 1993 Recorder: AL

Description: Open area of land to the north. No remains are visihle.

History/Comments: Two houses were located in the area on the northern side of Christ Church. They were not recorded on the 1885 survey plan of Old Windsor Road but are visihle in a photograph in Thornton. One is the curate's house. Date: Themes: Earl occu ation of Rouse Hill Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative




RTARoad 0

Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative. Re resentative

Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP 0

Recommendations: Conserve if ossible NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS GJ OTHERS D

Informants: References: Dallas et al; C. Thornton, Rouse Hill House and the Rouses, .149

Casey & Lowe Associaf(.~ September 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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Christ Church, Rouse Hill, showing the curate's house at the back (Family photograph)

RH/37: This photograph shows the position of Christ Church in relation to the buildings that have been removed. Thornton 1989: 149.

ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Pt Ud

Name: HOllse site T e of Item: Archaeolo ical site Location: Windsor Road, 120m north of Mile End Road Grid Ref: E:306650 I N:6271040


Description: Archaeological site, open ground, no evidence of surviving structures were visible.

History/Comments: This house site was indicated on the 1885 survey plan of Old Windsor Road. It was set back from the road.

Date:

Assessment of Cultural Significance: Hi .. toric Significance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Scientific SignulCance: Rare A.'lsociative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative



Dept of Housing 0 Reclaimed Water n~

RTA Road CZl


Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D

Recommendations: Conserve. site if ossible NAT. TRUST D RH AS 0 OTHERS D

Informants: References: Dallas et al

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Stage J) Works

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RHl39 located on R. Baylis MacKenzie, Survey of Road Parramatta to Windsor, 1885 Crown Lands Office, 31272.1603, Sheet 5. This house was set back from the road.

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Name: Pol ice Station T e of Item: House site Location: Windsor Road, south of Annangrove Road Grid Ref: E:306300 I N:6271500


Description: Site open ground with modern house and blackberry patch to rear. Said to be remains extant under blackberry. No obvious remains visihle.

History/Comments: Site of Police Station. Shown on 1885 survey, Sheet 5. The station appears in Thornton, p220. The station fronted immediately onto the roadway, indicating any remains in the vicinity of the blackberry bush may belong to its outbuildings. Date: Pre-1885 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative

Level oC Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance

Nature oC Impact: Potted Water n

Dept of Housing 0 Reclaimed Water n /

RTA Road c:zr


Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP D BH LEP 0 NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS d OTHERS 0

Recommendations: If im acted it will need further historical research archaeolo ical assessment

InCormants: hs: 6:12 References: Mackenzie, 1885 Road Surve ; Dallas et al

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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View from the bridge below Rouse Hill looking up the Windsor Road towards the house. The driver of the sulky is probably Edwin Stephen

RH/40 as seen from the southern side of Second Ponds Creek Bridge. In Thornton 220.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse HilI Pt Ltd

Name: Post Office site Site Number: RH/46 T e of Item: Archaeolo ical site Date: Au ust 1993 Location: Old Windsor Road, south of Mile End Rd, Rouse Hill Recorder: MC, AL Grid Ref: E:306820 / N:6270740 Description: Landscaped area in front of Rouse Hill Public Golf Course. Unbroken grassed area with no obvious remains. Located in vicinity of Golf Course sign.

History/Comments: Post Office building appears on the 1885 survey, Sheet 5, between Christ Church and the Royal Oak Inn. This building was the Queens Arms inn and was possibly built by the 1830s. It became the Rouse Hill Post Office in 1857. Date: 1830s Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social Significance: Rare A~sociative

Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance

Nature of Impact: Potted Water fL1

Dept of Housing 0 Reclaimed Water M

RTA Road tzt


Basin

Dump


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: ~ SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D NAT. TRUST D RHAS W OTHERS D

Recommendations: If im acted this site will re uire an archaeolo ical investi ation

Ca tion: The ta e indicates the a Informants: References: Dallas et al


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RH/46 located on R. Baylis MacKenzie, Survey of Road Parranuztia to Windsor, 1885 Crown Lands Office, 31272.1603, Sheet 5. There was a parking bay at the front of the building.

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Name: House site Site Number: RH/47 Ty e of Item: Archaeolo ical site Location: Windsor Road, SE corner of Mile End Road Grid Ref: E:306660 / N:6270990 Description: Site of carpark and small shopping centre.


History/Comments: House indicated on 1885 survey on H. Sargeant's land; Seymours House, Dallas et ai, appendix B, plan 9. This is unlikely to be impacted by the works programme and there is little likelihood of substantial remains being intact on the site because of the extant building. Date: re-1885 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SigniilCance: Rare Associative Archaeological SigniilCance: Rare Associative Social Significance: Rare Associative Architectural SigniilCance: Rare Associative Scientific SignulCance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SigniilCance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative Level of Cultural Significance: Of low significance


Dept of Housing 0 Reclaimed Water n.

RTARoad 0

Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative Representative R resentative

Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage 0

Heri tage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP D

Recommendations: NAT.TRUST 0 RHAS C2i. OTHERS D

Ca tion: The archaeolo kat site should be underneath the current buildin s. Informants: Photo ra hs: 6: 11 References: Dallas et at

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Stage I) Work"


Name: House site T e of Item: Archaeolo Jical site Location: Windsor Road, NE corner of Mile End Road Grid Ref: E:306670 / N:627\000 Description: Fruit market with car parking area in front.


History/Comments: Site of house shown on 1885 survey. The extent of modern interference with the site makes it unlikely that there are intact archaeological deposits. No specific impact hy the works programme. Date: re 1885 Themes: A')sessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifIcance: Rare Associative Archaeological Significance: Rare Associative Social SignifIcance: Rare Associative Architectural Significance: Rare Associative ScientirlC SignirlCance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignirlCance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative

Level of Cultural Significance: Of low significance



RTA Road [ZJ


Basin n Dump 0

Integrity Integrity Int.egrity Integrity Integrity Integrity In

Sewerage D

Heritage Listings/Planning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D

Recommendations: NAT. TRUST D RHAS czr OTHERS D

Informants: References: Dallas et al

Casey & Lowe A')sociatt'S September 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works


Name: House T e of Item. House Location: 984 Old Windsor Road Grid Ref: E:309350 / N:6265300

For Rouse Hill Pt Ltd


Description: Dry-pressed brick cottage, corrugated iron hip roof. Verandahs on three sides with French doors. Corrugated iron shed and brick out-building. Sandstock brick cistern.

History/Comments: West side of road, 20m from road edge. Owner referred to site of earlier house to west but no remains found. House number was 491 Old Windsor Road.

Date: c1910 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Archaeological Significance: Social Significance: Architectural Significance: ScientifIC SignifICance: Aesthetic SignifICance: Other:

Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative



Nature of Impact:

I'otted Water n Dept of Housing 0

Reclaimed Water ~ RTA Road [ZJ

Retarding Basin n . Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREI'19 D BKTN LEP D 8H LEI' D

Recommendations: Conserve NAT. TRUST D RHAS D OTHERS cz(

Ca tion: Informants: References:

Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993 RHIP (Stage I) Works

I


Name: House T e of Item: House Location: Meurants Lane, north side Grid Ref: E:309140 I N:6264580

For Rouse Hill PIV Ltd

Site Number: RH/51 Da«~: 2/6/93 RL'C.order: MC, AL

Description: Brick cottage, corrugated iron hip roof. Enclosed tibro verandah front, back and west side. Two chimneys on east side. Posts extant from post and rail fencing.

History IComments:

Date: Themes: A<;sessment of Cultural Significance: lIistoric Significance: Rare A~sociative

Archaeological Significance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural Significance: Rare Associative Scientific SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative


Nature of Impact:


Potted Water r7I Dept of Housing 0

Reclaimed Water M RTARoad 0

Ret.lrding Basin n Dump 0

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments:


Sewerage D

SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BII LEP 0 Recommendations: Conserve

NAT.TRUST 0 RHAS 0 OTHERS 0

Ca tion: View of house from the east. Informants: References : Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993 RHIP (Stage I) Works

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Pt I lAd

Name: Hezlett Road Brid re

T e of Item: Brid e Location: Hezlett Road over Smalls Creek Grid Ref: E:310820 I N:6268850

SHe Number: RH/52 Date: 4/6/93 Recorder: MC, AL

Description: Timber bridge with modern metal decking elevated over original timber decking. Timber retaining walls around dry-coursed sandstone abutments. Two levels of timber decking placed on adzed timber beams.

History/Comments:

Date: Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Signirlcance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare A~sociative

Social Significance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Scientific SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative



Nature of Impact: 0 Potted Water

Dept of HOllsing

Reclaimed Water r7I RTARoad tJ

Retarding Basin f/r" Dump 0

Heritage Listings/Planning Instruments:


Sewerage 0~

SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP 0 Recommendations: Retain, conserve


Ca tion: Informants: References : Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993 RHIP (Stage I) Works

ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Ply Ltd

Name: McLau T e of Item: Foothrid re Location: Poole Road, across Smalls Creek Grid Ref: E:310350 I N:6268940

Site Numher: RH/53 Date: 4/6/93 Recorder: M C. A L

Description: Timber foothridge with circular sawn timher decking on timher piers. Wrought iron spikes. Sandstone abutments.

History/Comments: Not in use. In poor condition with timber planking missing.

Date: Themes: Trans ort Communications A",sessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Archaeological Significance: Social SignifICance: Architectural Significance: Scientific Significance: Aesthetic SignifICance: Other:

Level of Cultural Significance:

Nature of Impact:

Rare Rare Rare

Associative Associative Associative

Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative Rare Associative

Of some significance



Potted Water M Dept of Housing 0

Recommendations:

Reclaimed Water n RTARoad 0

Rehlrding Basin M Sewerage g Dump 0

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP 0

Recommendations: Retain, conserve

Ca tion: Timber footbrid Informants: References : Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993


ville.

RUIP (Stage 1) Works


Name: House T e of Item: House/archaeolo ical site Location: 984 Old Windsor Road Grid Rer: E:309350 / N:6265300


Description: Dry-pressed brick cottage, corrugated iron hip roof. Verandahs on three sides with French doors. Corrugated iron shed and brick out-building. Sandstock brick cistern.

History/Comments: West side of road, 20m from road edge. House number was 491 Old Windsor Road. Owner referred to site of earlier house to west but no remains found. According to 1885 survey site of house in this vicinity, close to the road. Cistern should belong to this house. Date: re-1885 c1910 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Rare / Associative Archaeological Significance: Rare Associative Social Significance: Rare Associative Architectural Significance: Rare Associative ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative


Nature of Impact:


Reclaimed Water n RTA Road [Z]


Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage Listings/Planning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP D

Recommendations: Conserve NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS D OTHERS

Informants: Rererences: Mackenzie 1885

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Work ..

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RH/50 loated on R. Baylis Mackenzie's, Survey of Road, Parramatta to Windsor, 1885, Crown Lands Office, 31272.1603, Sheet 3. The survey plan shows the loation of an orchard and cultivation, and two buildit!1~s with a yard.

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Pt ' Ltd

Name: Culvert Site Number: RH/54 T e of Item: Culvert/Retainin J wall Location: South of Meurants Lane Grid Ref: E:309750 / N:6264320


Description: West side - seven courses of quarry faced sandstone with larger block on top, Top block displaced from original position. c2.2 x 1.3rn wide. East side - four courses of sandstone visible with large lead glazed terracotta pipe. c 1.5 x 1.3m wide, Sandstone block nearby indicating possible channel runnin be.<;ide road. History IComments: Appears on 1885 survey, Sheet 3. ApparentI y intact.

Date: Pre-1885 Themes: Trans ort Communications Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignulCance: Rare Associative Scientific Significance: Rare A~sociative

Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative



Dept of Housing 0 Reclaimed Water n /

RTARoad G


Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D DH LEP D

Recommendations: Retain if ossible; if not full NAT. TRUST D

record and monitor. RHAS D OTHERS D

Informants: References: Mackenzie, 1885 Road Surve

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Stage l) Works

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Nmne: Post and Rail Fencin 1 Site Number: RH!55 T e of Item: Fencin Loc..'ltion: South of Meurants Lane, Old Windsor Road Grid Ref: 309770 6264300


Description: Three rail post and rail fencing. Intact sections and sections where the rails replaced hy wire.

History/Comments: Prohahly remnant of the fencing descrihed as 'old' hy the 1885 road survey, Sheet 3.

Date: Pre-1885 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Rare Associative Archaeological Significance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural Significance: Rare Associative Scientific Significance: Rare Associative Aesthetic Significance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative

Level of Cultural Significance: of considerable significance

Nature of Impact:



Reclaimed Water n RTA Road [{]

Retarding Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage 0

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP D NAT. TRUST D RHAS 0 OTHERS 0

Recommendations: Retain if ossible. Part of Baseline Archaeolo icat Assessment

Ca tion: Three rail and Informants: hs: 2:21 References: MacKenzie, 1885 Road Surve Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993 RHIP (Stage 1) Works

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Ply Ltd

Name: Culvert Site Numher: RH/56 T e of Item: Culvert Location: Windsor Road, North of Schofields Road Grid Ref: E:307310 I N:6270050

Date: 416/93 Recorder: MC, AL

Description: East side - sandstone culvert six courses high with concrete drainage channel. Some of the sandstone blocks have tooled faces. Top courses of broken stone. c2 x 2.5m wide. West side -sandbagged .

History/Comments: Rebuilt during modern road works.

Date: Themes: Assessment of Cultural Signiticance: Historic Significance: Rare Associative Archaeological Significance: Rare Associative Social Significance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Scientific Significance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative


Nature of Impact:



Reclaimed Water n,/ RTA Road [Z]

Ret.1rding Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP D NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS D OTHERS 0

Recommendations: Retain; if not ossible record and monitor durin works

Ca tion: View of culvert from the east. Informants:

, References: , Casey & Lowe Associates June 1993 RHIP (Stage I) Works


Name: Sandstone Culvert T e of Item: Culvert Location: Windsor Road, in front of lames Ruse Hotel Grid Ref: E:307940 I N:6268950


Description: Quarry faced sandstone culvert, extending under road. Timber decking covered by road surface. Sandstone block flooring of culvert. Sandstone sides of culvert covered by c t Ocm thick cement render. Would appear to be intact.

History IComments: Appears on t 885 survey, Sheet 5.

Date: Pre-1885 Themes: Trans ort Communication Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative




RTARoad [2]


Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D NAT. TRUST D

Recommendations: Retain if ossible; record and monitor works if not. RH AS D OTHERS D

Ca tion: Sandstone culvert with timber deckin Informants: 5:20A References: MacKenzie, 1885 Road Surve

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Stage I) Work ...

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 For Rouse Hill Pt y Lld

Name: Post and Rail Fence T e of Item: Fence Location: Windsor Road, opposite Mile End Road Grid Ref: E:306625 I N:6271000


Description: Intact three railed post and rail fence. Ahout \5-20 sections of intact fencing. Condition fair hut some sections fall ing over.

History IComments: 1885 road survey descrihes old three rail fencing along th is section. Th is was once Old Windsor Road.

Date: 19th centur Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignifICance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Scientific SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative




RTARoad 0


Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heri tage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP 0 NAT. TRUST 0

Recommendations: Retain and conserve if ossible RHAS 0 OTHERS 0

Ca lion: Post and rail fencin from the east. Informants: References:

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RHIP (Stage I) Works

I


Name: Glenwood Park Drivewa Site Number: RH/67 T e of Item: Access road Date: Location: Glenwood Park e,<;tate Recorder: MC, AL Grid Ref: 308250 I 6265970 to 308700 ! 6265910

Description: Driveway originally from Glenwood House to Old Windsor Road. Now intact from house to dairy. Plantings on either side of road including oleander and brush box, intact to dairy. The be innin of the drivewa is visible at Old Windsor Road. History/Comments: 1930 aerial photo indicates tree plantings on northern side of driveway only, continuous down to Old Windsor Road.

communications Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic SignulCance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignulCance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural Significance: Rare Associative ScientUlC SignulCance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignulCance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative




RTARoad 0


Basin n Dump 0

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP 0 NAT. TRUST 0

Recommendations: Retain if ossible. The western half of the drivewa

Informants: References:

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993

Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity In rit

Sewerage D

RHIP (Stage I) Works


Name: Rouse Hill Toll Gate Site Number: RH/76 T e of Item: Archaeolo ical site Location: northern side of Second Ponds Creek Grid Ref:

Date: Se 1. 1993 Recorder: MC, AL

Description: Toll gate site, supposedly near the bridge over Second Ponds Creek. No remains are visible. History/Comments: The existence of a toll gate at Rouse Hill is frequently mentioned but its location is not certain. A thorough search of historical records has not supplied the location of the original toll gate. Built by Richard Rouse by 1813. Date: 1813 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Rare Associative Representative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Representative Social Signifteance: Rare Associative Representative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative Representative ScientifIC Signifteance: Rare Associative Representative Aesthetic Signifteance: Rare Associative Representative Other: Rare Associative Re resentative

Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Integrity Int ri

Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance if location established


Dept of Housing 0 Reclaimed Water n/

RTA Road C2f Basin n Dump 0

Sewerage D

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D NAT. TRUST D RHAS D OTHERS D

Recommendations: Additional research needed to establish location. Archaeolo ical assessment.

Informants: References: 1885 Surve Plan and flRA


RHl76 located on R. BayJis MacKenzie, Sun/cy of Road Parramatta to Windsor, 1885 Crown Lands Office, 31272.1603, Sheet 5. The location of the tollgate is not indicated but it was probably located on the land reserved for the "turnpike house andEarden".

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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 F R or ouse I ry H'Il Pt Ltd

Name: Government Stockyard Site Number: RH177 Type of Item: Location Date: Sept. 1993 Location: Meurants Lane to where Caddies Creek crosses OWR Recorder: MC, AL Grid Ref: SE cnr: 309670/ 6264450 NW cnr: 300730/ 6267500 Description: The government stockyard was a parallelogram shaped strip of land extending from Meurants Lane to the southern boundary of the Stanhope Park property. No extant remains were recorded. History/Comments: Known as the Government's Seven Hills Stockyard it was operating by 1800 but was regranted in 1818. It was part of Gov. King's policy of providing common space for grazing cattle as many of the grants were too small for both grazing and farming crops. This site was attacked by Aborigines twice in 1805. Date: c.18oo-1818 Themes: Early days of the Colony. Government Land Early farming. Contact site Assessment of Cultural Significance:

,-- R . e- r--Historic SignifICance: Rare Z Associative - epresentative Integrity

t--Associative R .- Integrity Archaeological SignifICance: Rare _ r-- epresentative r-- -

Social SignifICance: Rare _ Associative - Representative '- Integrity -Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative r-- Representative Integrity ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare - Associative Representative

r--Integrity

-r-- r-- -

Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare = Associative r-- Representative r-- Integrity -Other: Rare Associative Representative Inte2rity


Nature of Impact: Sewerage D Potted Water B Reclaimed Water B BHin tf

Dept of Housing RTA Road Dump

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN ~EP 0 BH LEP 0 NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS 0 OTHERS 0

Recommendations:

Caption: Plan, Burr & Ballisat, 1813 Informants: I Photographs: References: L.R. Silver, The Battle of Vinegar Hill 1989; Burr & Ballisat 1813


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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 F R or ouse I ty uon Pt Ltd

Name: Government Stockyard Site Number: RH177 Type of Item: Location Date: Sept. 1993 Location: Meurants Lane to where Caddies Creek crosses OWR Recorder: MC, AL Grid Ref: SE cor: 3096701 6264450 NW cor: 300730/ 6267500 Description: The government stockyard was a parallelogram shaped strip of land extending from Meurants Lane to the southern boundary of the Stanhope Park property. No extant remains were recorded. History/Comments: Known as the Government's Seven Hills Stockyard it was operating by 1800 but was regranted in 1818. It was part of Gov. King's policy of providing common space for grazing cattle as many of the grants were too small for both grazing and farming crops. This site was attacked by Aborigines twice in 1805. Date: c.18oo-1818 Themes: Early days of the Colony, Government Land Early farming, Contact site Assessment of Cultural Significance: r - ......- ......-Historic SignirlC8.nce: Rare ~ Associative - Representative r- Integrity ......-

Archaeological SignulC8.nce: Rare _ Associative - Representative r- Integrity ......-

Social SignulC8.nce: Rare - Associative - Representative - Integrity ......-

Architectural SignirlC8.nce: Rare - Associative r-

Representative - Integrity r-ScientirlC SignulCance: Rare - Associative r-- Representative - Integrity r-Aesthetic SignulC8.nce: Rare - Associative - Representative

I--Integrity -

Other: Rare Associative Representative Integrity


Nature of Impact: Sewerage D Potted Water B Reclaimed Water B Basin tf


Heritage Listings/Planning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP D

Recommendations: / NAT.TRUST D RHASD OTHERS D

Caption: Plan, Burr & Ballisat, 1813 Informants: I Photo~raphs: References: L.R. Silver, The Battle of Vinel!ar Hill 1989; Burr & Ballisat, 1813


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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 F R or ouse I ty t H'II P L d

Name: Unused section of Old Windsor Road Site Number: RH178 Type of Item: Road Date: August 1993 Location: From creek-line to Norbrick brickworks Recorder: MC, AL Grid Ref: Nth end: E:309970 / N:6263700 Description: 400m stretch of the old line of Old Windsor Road. The modern road has been moved to the east and this older section was left untouched. The western side of the road higher up the spur has a cutting about 4m high. Ditches on either side of the road. Road 26 feet (7.9m2 wide. History/Comments: Old Windsor Road was surveyed in 1794 by Grose and upgraded after Macquarie's arrival. This is the oldest surviving intact section of Old Windsor Road.

Date: 1794/1812 Themes: Transport, Communications Assessment of Cultural Significance:

•. r-- R • r-- . -~

Historic SignifICance: Rare ~ AsSOCiative _ epresentative f-- Integrity _ Archaeological SignifICance: Rare ~ Associative Representative Integrity v Social SignifICance: Rare = •• f--

Representative f-- . -

Associative f--f--

Integrity _ Architectural SignifICance: Rare "- Associative "- Representative

f--Integrity r--

ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare f-- Associative f-- Representative f--

Integrity '--Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare f-- Associative f-- Representative

f--Integrity -

Other: Rare v' Associative Representative Integrity

Level of Cultural Significance: Of exceptional significance

Nature of Impact: Potted Water B Reclaimed Water g~ Basin B Sewerage D


Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP 0 NAT. TRUST 0 RHAS 0 OTHERS 0

Recommendations: Conserve and stabilise ~

Caption: See Figs 19 and 20. Informants: I Photo~raphs: 11: 17 References:



Name: Fence lines alon Old Windsor and Windsor Road T e of Item: Fences Location: Eastern side of OWR and Windsor Road Grid Ref:

Site Number: RH179 Date: Au st 1993 Recorder: MC, AL

Description: There are remnant post and rail fences, now mostly threaded with wire, along the eastern side of Old Windsor Road and Windsor Road. Most of the fences on the western side of the road were replaced with modern fencing.

History/Comments: Sections of this fencing were erected by 1885. It helps define the narrowness of the earlier roadway and the close relationship these properties had with the road.

Date: 19th centur Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: Historic Significance: Rare Associative Archaeological SignifICance: Rare Associative Social SignifICance: Rare Associative Architectural SignifICance: Rare Associative ScientifIC SignifICance: Rare Associative Aesthetic SignifICance: Rare Associative Other: Rare Associative Level of Cultural Significance: Of some significance



RTARoad 0


Basin n Dump 0


Sewerage D

Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D NAT. TRUST D

Recommendations: Retain intact sections if ossible. RHAS D OTHERS D

Ca tion: Section of ost and rail fence line Informants: References:



·1 or ouse I ty

Name: Vinegar Hill Site Number: RH/80 F R H'n Pt Ltd

Type of Item: Location Date: Sept. 1993 Location: Probably Castlebrook Cemetery Recorder: MC,AL Grid Ref:

~. Description: Location of the site of the Battle of Vinegar Hill dependent on Johnston's description of its location as, "on the second hill this 'side the Last Half Way Pond".

History/Comments: The site of the Battle of Vinegar Hill has been variously identified as the Castlebrook Cemetery and an area to the north, near RH/46. This was a historic event in the life of

I the early colony. See attached figure for likely location. Date: 1804 Themes: Early colonial life, Convicts Assessment of Cultural Significance:,........,

,-- . - ,--Historic Significance: Rare [Z Associative RepresentatIve _ Integrity

I--r--Archaeological Significance: Rare,/ Associative r-- Representative - Integrity r--Social Significance: Rare V Associative Representative Integrity Architectural Significance: Rare r-- r-- - r--

Associative r-- Representative - Integrity r--Scientific Significance: Rare r-- Associative Representative Integrity Aesthetic Significance: Rare := r-- - r--

Associative I--

Representative - Integrity I--

Other: Rare Associative Representative Integrity

Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance ,

Nature of Impact: Potted Water B Reclaimed Water B Basin B Sewerage D

Dept of Housing RTARoad Dump

Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D ' . .NAT. TRUST D RHASD OTHERS D

Recommendations: ,-

Caption: Informants: I Photo~raphs: References : L.R. Silver, The Battle of Vinegar Hill 1988, and Syme The location of Vinegar Hill.


ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 F R ouse or I ty t H·II P L d

Name: House'site Site Number: RH/81 Type of Item: Archaeological site Date: 20/9/93 Location: Old Windsor Road, nth of Meurants Road Recorder: AL Grid Ref: E:309470/ N:6264950 Description: Area adjacent to road, disturbed by earth works and dam construction. To the north of the Soccer Federation and modern house.

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History/Comments: Two structures and orchard shown here on 1885 road survey. One of the houses is very close to the road and is unlikely to have survived but there may be remains of the other. On Elizabeth Grey's 50 acre grant made in 1821, in 1885 the property was owned by Susanah Sherwood. Date: pre-1885 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance:---,/

As •. - R .- I .-Historic Significance: Rare :21/ soclabve _ epresentative _ ntegrlty _ Archaeological Significance: Rare ~ Associative - Representative _ Integrity

I .;--Social Significance: Rare "-

Associative - Representative - ntegnty r-Architectural Significance: Rare - Associative - Representative - Integrity r-Scientific Significance: Rare - Associative - Representative - Integrity r-Aesthetic Significance: Rare

V ,/ Associative - Representative

"-Integrity r-

Other: Rare Associative Representative Int~rity


Nature of Impact: Potted Water B Reclaimed Water ~ Basin B Sewerage D


Heritage ListingsIPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP D NAT.TRUST D RHASD OTHERS D

Recommendations: If impacted an archaeological assessment should be undertaken.

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Caption: Informants: I Photographs: References: Mackenzie, 1885, Sheet 3


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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 F R or ouse I ty H'll P Ltd

Name: House site Site Number: RH/82 Type of Item: Archaeological site Date: 20/9/93 Location: Old Windsor Road, nth of Meurants Road Recorder: AL Grid Ref: E:309400/ N:6265130 Description: Open area to east of branch of Caddies Creek. Dam to west and new plantings in area. No sign of any remains.

History/Comments: The 1885 road survey shows a house in this area, with orchards on either side. On Elizabeth Grey's 50 acre land granted in 1821, in 1885 the land was owned by Susanah Sherwood.

Date: Pre-1885 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance: r- / . - • r-

Integrity ~ /' Historic Significance: Rare ~. Associative _ Representative r--Archaeological Significance: Rare ~ Associative _ Representative '-- Integrity '--Social Significance: Rare r-- Associative _ Representative r-- Integrity _ Architectural Significance: Rare r--- Associative - Representative r---

Integrity I .-Scientific Significance: Rare r-- Associative - Representative r-- ntegrlty . -

Aesthetic Significance: Rare 17

Associative - Representative r-- Integrity _ Other: Rare Associative Representative Int~rity

Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance if remains extant

Nature of Impact: Sewerage D Potted Water B Reclaimed Water g- Basin B


Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 D BKTN LEP D BH LEP D NAT.TRUST D RHASD OTHERS D

Recommendations: If impacted an archaeological assessment should be undertaken ./

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Caption: Informants: I Photographs: References: Mackenzie, 1885, Sheet 3


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ROUSE HILL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY 1993 F R or ouse I ty H'I1 Pt Ltd

Name: House site Site Number: RH/83 Type of Item: Archaeological site Date: 20/9/93 Location: Old Windsor Road, nth of Meurants Lane Recorder: AL Grid Ref: E:309400/ N:6265200 Description: Open area with new plantings, dam to west, east of branch of Caddies Creek.

History/Comments: The 1885 road survey shows a house in this area, set in an orchard. On Elizabeth Grey's 50 acre grant made in 1821 by 1885 the land was owned by Susanah Sherwood.

Date: Pre-1885 Themes: Assessment of Cultural Significance:

As " - , r-- I ,r--Historic Significance: Rare ~,/ soclatIve r- Representative ntegrlty r--:: , I-

Archaeological Significance: Rare ~ Associative '-- Representative I- Integrity ~ Social Significance: Rare Associative r-- Representative I- Integrity I-Architectural Significance: Rare I- Associative Representative Integrity

I- I- I- I-Scientific Significance: Rare

I-Associative

I-' Representative

I-Integrity

I-Aesthetic Significance: Rare

l7 Associative

I-Representative

I-Integrity

I-Other: Rare Associative Representative Integrity

Level of Cultural Significance: Of considerable significance if remains extant.

Nature of Impact: Potted Water B Reclaimed Water g Basin B Sewerage D


Heritage ListingslPlanning Instruments: SREP 19 0 BKTN LEP 0 BH LEP D NAT, TRUST D RHASD OTHERS D

Recommendations: If impacted an archaeological assessment should be undertaken ,/

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Caption: Informants: I Photo~raphs: References: Mackenzie, 1885, Sheet 3

Casey & Lowe Associates September 1993 RlllP (Stage 1) Works

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Appendix 2: Directories

NSW Calendar and general Post Office Directory, 1832

(From Parramatta) 22th' On the left, Haywood, the residence of Mr. ACRES. 23 On the right, a public house called Bird in the Hand, kept by HUGH KELLY. On

the opposite side of the road there is much cleared land, affording an open prospect, backed by some formidable hills, belonging to the lower ranges of the Blue Mountains. 3 lA.

25 On the left, the old Windsor road, by which travellers left Parramatta on the western side, and passing through what is now the Government Domain. This joins the Seven Hills road, which again branches from the new Richmond Road at 191h miles, being the road from Prospect and Toongabbie to this part of the country. 2.

On the right, a little further on, is the Swan Inn, kept by JOHN CROSS, and considered the half way house between Windsor and Parramatta.

27 Hambleton, the Estate of J. PALMER, Esq. sen., now tenanted by the Rev. Mr. WILKlNSON, who has established a very excellent academy for the education of young pupils.

27 Bridge across a branch of Cattai creek. 2. On the right, the road to Pitt Town, a distance of 8th miles. Vinegar Hill Turnpike, (see note for scale of Tolls.)

27t/4 On the left, Vinegar Hill, a large stone house, the residence of Mr. ROUSE.

The NSW Calendar and General Post Office Directory, 1833 (as for above)

The NSW Calendar ,and General Post Office Directory, 1834 (as for above)

The NSW Calendar and General Post Office Directory, 1835 (as for above)

The NSW Calendar and General Post Office Directory, 1837

22th On the left, Haywood, Mrs. Acres' Estate. 23 On the right, the Bird-in-hand Inn, by the widow of the late Hugh KelIy. 25 On the left, the Old Windsor Road. Further on the Swan Inn, half-way house

between Windsor and Parramatta. 27 Hambletown, the estate of J. Palmer, Jun. Esq. Bridge across Cattai Creek. 27 On the right, Road to Pitt Town, distance 8th miles. 27th Vinegar Hill on ·the left, the residence of Mr. Rouse. 1h


.... ------------------------------~==~-~»~~~----------~

.. ::'-' ~~,---,.,,-

POST QFFICE DIRECTORY. '., . '---,~---" . ~

_ Vickery,.J ames, mIner W ATSON, ·.R.IClU.RD, miner

-.:........:%

...... _.- ---We-stern~ storekeeper =:;::=~I===~et1iel~1l?I'ELOina;s'-WoT'miner

Withers, Charles, miner .Y0U:IIIG, JAMES, miner ·y<?ung,.R~cl~~rd,.~~f!~Y~.~!l __ .~· _. _ .. _ .. __ . _ .. _._. ___ _

ROLr.;AND'S PLAINS, Co. MACQUARIE, 'lying on \Vilson's River 20 '~'i1es_ . __ . __ . ___ ._._.. N.\V. ?f Macquarie, .a~d 2~:~. m~l~~ ,N.~ of S3:d~ey. . ._. __ _

ALDRIDGE, JOSEPH,. farmer R-EA.~El.d:aS. farmer, ADen's plains-.- _ . . Argent, John, farmer, Gogo R(,Il,d, Edw~rd, fa~ner, Bril-Urilplains .

---"BROWN;-HI':NRY, farmer, AlIen's plains Robertson, Wm., fa.rmer --~OOM'DS, WM., cooper R-owsell, J()seph D...:".grazier, Gogo

... ~-. .. Crerar,. Gilbert,;-schoohnaster, Wallaby hill SCOTT, GEO., grazier, Gogo DOYLE, JOHN, farmer Scott, '\Tm., grazier, "\Villisboro Dyson: :Wm., farmer, ,Villisboro Spokes, John, fn,rmer, ,Villisboro FOWLER, Mrs., fn,rmer StewH,rt, Jumes, funnel', Tilbusta

. -GAMACK, ALEX., grazier, ChLir field TnoMPsoN, J OIIN, shoemaker, Willisboro .Geddes,}ohn, farmer, Gogo . Tincombe, George, grazier. Glenco ._JAC~~ON,· Mrs., farmer, Alien's plains W ALLACE,- ,VILLIAM, farmer .

. Johnson, Samuel, carrier '\Vulln,ce, Thos., storekeeper ·KESDY, GEORGE;' farxp.er, Sixty-acre '\Vulters, Perry, farmer

.. ' '.'- "-LANCA.s'l.'ER.. ,WM., postmll,stel' ·"Webber, Wm .. , blacks'mith .. MoKA.Y, ANGUS, brmer, Gog-o "\Vebster, John, flLrmer McKay, Alcx., farmer, Gogo ,\Yilson, Henry L., fa.rmer McKay, '1'hos., fn,rmer "\Voodl:Lnd, Henry, fn,rmer McKelhr, Chl1s., gl'lLzier, Gl~n Esk \VootUmld, Robt" f(Lrmer, Alien's plains. POUNTNE~, J OlIN, flLrmer, Seotch plains

,".

ROUSE HILL, Co. CUM BERLAND, Parish of Gwydir, Electoral District of the '. Hnwkl'sbi.l.ry,· and Police District"of \Vindsor, '29 miles N. \V. of Sydney.

AClRES, l\1rss, farmer M1Ll:lon, S:UllUel, JUIl., farmer Ashton, '\Villiam, flLrmer Mal:lOll, .J ohn, flLl'mer BENNE'rT, .J OItN, f:Lrmer IV[ason, Samuel, f:Ll'lller Benne\.f., FredCrick, f:Lrmer Molloy, Bernn.rJ, fa.rml'r Brown .• lames, farmer Monfgomcry, George, fn,rmer C.A.MPDELL, JOllN, flLrmer Mont,gollwry, Charles; blacksmith Caropbell, Mrs., schoolmistress Montgolllery, .10hn, stonem:LsOll . Cassidy; .Tobn, bl:tcksmith Montgomcry, Henry, blacksmith Clarke, ClllLrles, furmer, Riverston Mould, .John, fm'mer Cook,'Jolm, In,bourer Mnrphy, Mrs. Mary Cornw(Lll, .Tames, furmcr l\{urrILY, Anthony, fa.rmer Crane, -, farmer. NBEDIIAM, THOMAS, storekeeper Cronin, .rohn, farmer Nevil:l, John, fu.l'lller Cumccn, Thoml1B, f:Lrmer N icholls, Henry, fiLrmer DARGAN, .MRS. . Nicholls, SlLlllpson, gentlema.n

.... :DicksOll .. 'l'homns, overscer PEAltcE, .T OllN, llLbonrer , ... 'EGAN, J AMES, gentlclllltll Pearse, 'R-obert, gOlltlelllu.n

. FRENCH, HENRY,lubfjurcr Phillips, Da,nicl, flLrmer GILBER'r, RICHARD, flLrmcr Phi pps, ,,\Villitull, fu.rmer, Box hill

.. Grace, 'l'homas, constable Pitt, Josep11, carrier HARr~Is, HENltY, farmer, Box hill H,EDDEN, SaroN, farmer

___ .. Ho;-aley, ,\YiUiam, farmer Redden, Patrick, furmcr Runter, George, stonem(LSOn Redden, .10hn, fa.rmer,

. Hunter, .James, stonemason lteid, Ja.mcs, carpenter Hushio~,. Thomas, farmer ReuLlblLck. E~z1Lbeth. post-mistress Hushion, P1Ltrick, flLrmer Rittins, James, sen., farmer Hushion, Michael, farmer Robbins, 'l'homas, fi'rmer

.... Hyrids, Charles, farmer Rouse, Mrs. Edwin; squatter .. ;.-·JoNEs,·MRS. Rouse, Richard, gentlema.n

.- KEA.LY, JOHN LANE, teacher Runnery, Richard, farmer '. • King, John, farmer SALLOWAY; F., farmer

.... --LYlll,-SAMUEL, farmer Schoefield, John, farmer.

. . MA.CI,EARY, 'TIMO'rIIy' labourer Schoefield, Joseph, gentleman . .. '-" '~McKew,"Yi1liam, 'farmer Schoefield, Samuel, farmer l

. McNamarn., Euward, farmer, Box hill Seath; John, publican. .. ._ ... __ _ -.--.-~:",-".'. . ., . : '-.

--, '-'''. ~'I!I -=;:-:-:=.- .--_ .. -. . ... " ~'''. ...::.. ..... .:;., ".::., ~ ,; ..

.-------. -_ .. -. -_. __ .. _---_.:.. __ ..... _ .. _--

\

I

I

-o.fl<!IqP\~Ql?'~l Of~rQ)I1~:-.-PIRE.~u.:q.I~ __ . _ _ ~ 4 •• ' - - __ . . ... _ •.. _ ~ •• , '-'rO-

L .

Workman, Chrilltop-p..~r, .flU'lUeI', .A.ilcudlllc '1 M~ueu, G"901'gc . Workman Janles, flu-.mer, Allcnda.le Mlller,.Johu... '.

t"l-+-'lLV son-;-'l':' G.';' 'VY·i.l1c~Jjro· J\l!llor,.-1'homa~ ..... : Wil~oil. '.l'pqlllP.S, gp1Z~er ' : I }'ll11cr:, lJ ugh ' Womllal'it!;;: l~Q~0-+,' g~'iU!;it'r, 13ull!\Jlgry, . 11 )tcD.onp,\d, John

, "!,'" 1 • ,,' McDoualtl, FrauceH

ROUCHELLBROOK- II HCttlC-\':MCCUOO, Patrkk . ment. in the policc dist.rict of &'()IW, M<:CuUt', Tt"l'enc('

t- .. elcctoratcof'1'l:icUppt'l' Hunter, county ! .

• ; .' .1;',' « I I"'.

. ,,- .~ .. '-!~---.~.. - ~

,'-' -.'-

, .' '. .~~ . of llrili4unCt it!, 17ii mileH north from NEALA~, Jo\m -----·-ia-~ .. --.. ·Syhri6y.--.. -'Boitie-!.~-)~ail to' .A.bel'delUlt Neaian, Jume~ ..

. ' 0 .thence lli miles. OfliCl!: Post only . . 0:: . Jfails cl ORe at, .. G.P.O. 011 ~oIf~aYH.l\t QUI~~, Patl'iek o .H.HO p.l~,l.,.~~'I ":~i-risc at P9~t tow~ on ~ . Tnc!ldays ~ ~~, i2~'?Q :p.Ill.; l~~\'e for, ::;~tl-

- ne~ on 't'uc~ua'y:l ,at J p.m., .f11111 arnlYO id on ~yct1.tie~liY 11lOr·liillg. J\n ngricul-

-.. \ - . Cii. tnl'al ·disttiCt~nllu\in.l fiats, .~ur~·pimd-(l) -: iugcount.ry mountainolls. Form.atiOl:

micn.ccons conglomcrate, granIte, tcl~ 8pnl'icrt.1'ItP u,nd quartz.

ANDREW, Adnms AdniuH, Nichollls Atlu.ms, NichoIas, j\1l~. Arnohl, T,llOlllll.'l

BEV}>~N, J oscph Bridge, .W iBillm

CUMMlNG, Alex-nl~~(\r Clllnming, Donahl, Uumlllill~, Lhmc:lH Cumming, .John Cnbcn, Thomu.." Cn.meron, l>01l1l!(1 Cmnoron, AIexu,lIlh'l' Camcron, Kenncih Castlick, Willimn CUHl!kk, He'my Cast! i('.k. l<'n'ch·riek

FltAzlm, H~~~l! . Fr:w.t!I'. J oh II Frost, \Vil1i:illl .

• .t I 1.1"

IIINTON, FrcclerkIi- .. lIindmnrsh, ThOl;nnH Hincimu.rHh, J oIm

I ..

" !. . i

HCOTT, Thmlll\R :-imith, Uoh{'rt. ~JIIith •• lnmes l:imith, Albcrt :-ipenc~cr, Thomal\ ~n. :--;penccr, Thomas, jllll ... ~pelH~cr, Mn.tthew .

i

l :::;pl~ll~er, .J ohn ~l Hmcer, A bsa.loo1 ~herwood

'I'IIUmmllLL. Andrt,w

VAUCHlAN, Hubet:t.

W ATTB, Williluu ' WlIkc. JUlllCH

.. ROUSE. HILL-n small .. towrn;hip in

the. polica, I.li~trict oL Wirul~or. eleotorate of The. H n.w-k.e~btlry, •. leounty Clllllherlnnd,' is· 2V . milcll wct:;t from ::;ydncy. Routc': Rail to Hivcr!;tonc, thellce fQ1H~ ;milcs ; or t'iq .:Fl}tJ;!\~1ro.tC.~ thence WU lUilcf-I •. 'O/fiet: .l'ost only. Mails dO::lc at U.1.1.0 •. dailv a.tl,·8.BO a.m.,. :md nrrivc: .at· post ,tbwJl' daily (l:i\lnuayti clCcepte<.l).:ut 1.0 :plm. i leavc .for l'5yclllCy 111dly (Sundl\ysl.c:tcoptctl) :~t il,lIO p.lIl., . and arri Ye. daily. at' 7.20 a.m. An agl'icultuml. u.i:;tri~, :WiUl nil elc\'atcll null llndulating IlUrro'llndi!l~ l'lltl11try, with IIll inlliffcrcut:-loiL, '1'hcl'c arc some excollent·frec.-nohe·qnnrric:-:, IlIllI . gOOtT" btickcliy:~. TMnUstlutt is' ahove. f,he rench of tloOU.H, and POSt;CH·-.;el'l 1\ anlnbrions climate. ,. . i ... i_ .

. ' • I ••• 1

. . . . :,"1' .

ACRES, Mi:'>'lI, flU'mor, Wind.ROr· rd .'. Acre!\, Edwnrd H., squatter' .·i·; '.

A.llhton"C4a,rlQBi, all.WYBrt Ncl~on; .. :: I , •• t.', I •

. BAT:rRN, John . Bcnnctt, Jamc8, ·Windtiorrd.l',[· ::; :/"f!.,:~': llenuot.t, John, jnn., carpenter :Windeor rd Bcunett., John, son.; carpenter, !Windsar:vtl· Brown, Do.:rlu..,: fArmer ,:'1' .' .. ; 1 ,·l. ,: .. ,:, 1: '\/ . I I

. ;': .': I,,~,. [ :1 ,1-';'11:1.:111,,\:',1:, ,I'ill" .. CONNELL, J~mes;;nOU80 hill, 11, N :1"":'1'" . '1._

'~'pJi ~l WN~.~60A~J ~HI) 1 WH 0 Q~ I ~O;~ no BE ~t B'SU8~ tHl E illIlJlPAN~ p .{- .

. , -" .\. - ":. "~'. ', ,

:-~~~~~::"~;~.~~·~-~1·~:":~···3·~·Uf,Jb.fA~.U.ij~~?, Q.N2TH,~·j~·UTUA.LJPRmGtP~il J ~,8T:~tl·'t~··- --...... ~ .. ~-

Clark.G,.:Ch!lr~e.~,. farmcr", " Cn.l~li)bcll\' Hobcrt. farlllCI', ~ l!\":on

.. __ .... .Ca~'iidy-, .t'oll1,i, blu.~~,,?.!!~!~l.l ' CICILl'y,.',l'l!llothYl O\'CI':-;OCI', SL'\'t~n Hill,.: 1',1

: - Clout. Edwll,l'd, AAwycr :. Clout •• Taolcs, till,wycl' .

,; Cornwall, J.nl~lc<;! fanncr. Nl'l:;O!\

,- ':-_. - : -(Jtl~.'\(:lf,-~T ~~1,C\'n\!lr.~(i1';·~ ('1 ~(ltl . ' .. , '" h,'" }'l" I

_.. ._. -' I .. ..JJ.A.RGtN, !. lZIl." ..

___ .. ___ ~ ""nfckflon, 'l'h,~llln.S. oV('I':';;('(\T'

1:1~,~1~f., J,o:'lrph ShC'rrnl'<l; stlll'l'k('('p!'1'

, GI~nri:RT, ltich;l1'll, fn,l·nWl'. Willt!';1I1' I'd .'-; -'(16:t~g1~; :r~~~l'l:'1i~! famiCl'; Willd':<lI' I'd

; '"Gr:H:c; 'I~amm1(1, eonstnbl(\ ., ~ I I .. " ... ' ..

: lL\'RLl~Y, .Toln'!, 'LOllf(hill , Hnrl'iskey •. !ame", sqn.'l.t\(\l', Will(l":Il1' I'd

I1.ol'sl('.j', Will inllt. fa\'llwl' . H uiltcr;' GCOl-gC, mn."on Hes"illll, Patrick, l'anlwl'. :\ d~(\ll Hc:-;::;illll, 'rhonm..;, farllH'l'. ~('IS()ll llyniic"".Tnmcg, fl;l.hllcr! N('I,mn Jlyn(leii, Rohcrt.! fnrnwr. ?\vl,.:tlll

1:lcs~jnn, Thomn~. jUIl., :\t.:\:-;I)1l

, .J.\:In-:f;. Chri"to\,hcI' (~., t~'i\t'ht'l'

Knw, .John. farmel'

~{AOONi l"'imnJlcl! j UIl .. farlll!'l'. 1'\ el":Oll Mnson, San~l1cl! sell .. l'anlH'l'. !\els'>l\ Mm·tin, Hohel'l M.o~ll(l, .John, fa rUl!'1', ;-;('\'('11 1.1 ills I'll

~}<~llIql;l4,M, TholllU';. HIOI't.:\..(lI'11I'1'

Niql~olls: ~llmpt'On, sto\"l~k(',,\wI' ~ic~oh, Heri l"~, fat·iu<'I'

l'~~w;m, n;, ,~Jl~lltt('r, ~lal'.\'\'ill(· Pcmhcl'tol), ~J(Jhll

, nEE:O~ J arilcR, ('ul'pcn I 1'1'

RobinH,'.l nnlCl3, flLl"lltel'. ~ ('I~lI11 Robins, ThollULS. fal'llWl', :\, ,\. ... 1111

.... _ " .... _ •• 1 "HQ9.k,~, .. T}lO~~n..'l 11., teac\l<'1' , I Houghtv I Clil~l:letl, fai'lil('1'

: ' Rouse'; Etl\vin, squatter i UOtlsc,.Jobn H. ! ROUlJe, ,Mis:; ~Ulmo.

HO)lst!, Mi~'J Li7.zic , , R?,\,~,;1\~r~.:g~' .. 1\., Rouse Ilill hnt1s(!

J R.~lm.~iY.; Itt}~bn111, fm;,mC'r

I .

\ :"\tafT, .Jallle.;, farmcI', ~CVCIl Hills I'd : ::itC\"l!llSUll, .J ohn. " I Stmb.:m. ~{OUCl't, farlller. \VitHlsol' I'll . :-;trungcr. EUt\,.", ftLl"IllCr, \Vindsor ,}'(1 ... : :-\l!a.t h, Charlc~. farlllcr

. ., .' :->talll: li-corgc. flU'mer " ':-l1l11th, HoLerl, farmer, Box hill , Smilh: .JHll1<'~. fn,nn('l'. ~('ISOll

\\. ELI$, .1 :11)1(''':, fa.rnWl'. 11 urplt,v ek ! \\'hitmllre •. J.()Il!I, .. (1t~:pentl'J' _

·RUBY CREEK-n sl'tlkmcnt in the pastoral (lislrid 01' (1)(\ Cllu·C'n('('. POlil'l' d i,;lrid :llltl eb .. tor:tt I! of Tcntcl'· lield. t'Olml,\' of 'l~illlel'. iil ,ij2 miks' north. fJ't)tn' Sy<I11Cy. ROlltt!: l~l. to ~tUlTltl't\1ldi. tlH'llCC l'iCl TnlllWQrth, 111\·cI't~1l. :lnti Tl'ntt'l'lieltl. ()f/ice,:· PORt ()1l1 \" , .l! 11 ils (,] n,.:c :Lt' (l.!,. (). OH TnCf';tl:L~:" :lllll 'I'httrs<lays at !I,:1O jl.lll., amI ani\'(' at pust tOWIl UII ~lIllt~ILY~ ,aud '['1Il!stla~'s ILt ~.:IO jl,III.: ka\'c for ~yd. 11('." Oil \\"('tlll!',;(II1Y'" :tlld :'!c)Il<iay~ 3.t :::.:10 :l.IlI .. ILITi\'illg (Ill 'I'lIesdllVI,and :-,at urday Ill(ll'llillg< ,.\ PlL~lor~l ... (lif;·

1 l'i('t. ill a Sl'I'lIhlty. lll(llllltn.inoW~.(lol1u· try. :lIltla. ftll' III at inl\ .. I' SlltHl~to\le Rnd ,,,h~l·l<·. '

A L:-;lm, A. 1\., llliul'!' AlId!'I:~()ll, ,Willialll. lllill!'!'

: ,\ lllh~I':-;(>l1 •• 1., Illillt~!'. lle!'din)!~·nr(l C'k I .\ 11l'1l, .Ta-mes G., min<'l'

Allstin, ,Io~eph. miner

Bltl·:IlI·:~Y. \\' .• millel'. Ill'nliugY:l1'l1 ek llroWlljOltll. '1' .. miller, llC'l'<liugynrd ('k Bott,It:. JOllll, miller, llcl'(lillgynl'tl (,k BardC>Il, (}('tlr~e. mill!'!' limy. l.huiil·I, lIIiul'l' Balllbul'Y .• !ohn, min!!r, ll(,l'tl_~ngya.rtl ('.k.' Hlwhtit'hl. 11. •. ~llltkccpel',.1Iel'{lingyanl.,<:" BI'(,lltlllIHl, .!nnws, millel'! Ilc1'llingy1\rd C!k Booth. Helll'\", milll'l' , Ih'hC'.u. 1\-1('1:. mincr" lIcl'<1ingyurd ~k

CR01"l'Y. Andrcw! minet', lIcnlingynrd ~k , Cliffol'd, John,.min~r • .I[er(1ingyan~,('k : . , Cowl cv. Juhn. miner, lIcrUlugyar<l ck

I I .. I IJ • 't ," li ".

: SC!fO~4til:;roscph, farm('r, HORC'llithon I 13cho'fieIa, ·8ri.m\i..~,l~.f.Hrmel', \y,\1HhiOr 1'(1

i' ('lll'r~< John, miner! lfc.:l'djngy~rd ,qk \, ,: I l'onlley. Michacl, I,nj~H~~. lIe1'lH~gYllrd ck : Chri:..:t·h;on, F:. 0.; min('r, HcrdingYfil't1 ('k , l'Otllll'll. P .. mill('r, Hc.rdingy~\' <.;~,' . '. ,i , Conner!:l. '1'" Illincr,.n~r~l~gy'n,r~l :~k '::,: i (,o~lin, 'l'homnfl, minC'!'" Hr-r!\jpg~a~A,~~ r

Reath,'.Jobn, jun.,· squatter' "-'. ' S~Ph&9hn~ :1?Y~t iJ?\lk<?~IH'r Rkmp.~"t,9c9rgc, f(l.fmcr ." Smith, Willin.rn',·j'tll1;, WOut~lnnl{:-i

. , , ,

I 41 --- -------_.-_._.

> .Z ·,0

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Appendix 3: Newspaper references74

Sydney Gazeite: 3/7/1803 - Direction to make improve road to Hawkesbury around Seven Hills,

Australian:

Sydney Mail:

3a 2/411803 - Biggers rides from Hawkesbury to Sydney in less than three hours, 3c 5/811804 - Hillas advertises his Stanhope Arms on Hawkesbury Road 28/411805 - After floods road impassable between Hawkesbury and Toongabbie 24/3/1810 - Tender for erection of toll between Sydney and Hawkesbury 28/4/1810 - Tenders called to construct road between Sydney and Hawkesbury 23/10/1813 - £400 payment to Rouse for erecting two tolls, p2 27/1111813 - Two toll gates erected, one at Rouse Hill 11/12/1813 - Toll gate at Broken Back Bridge established on the road between

Parramatta and Windsor by Government order. 10/3/1821 - 60 acres to be sold along Hawkesbury Road 24/2/1821 - Licence to Kelly* 10/6/1821 - Auction of tolls on Parramatta to Windsor road, pI 1/2/1822 - Faultless farm for sale 5/4/1822 - Farm for sale* 17/9/1823 - Tour by Governor to inspect roads, including Windsor to Sydney,

2a 19/211824 - Coach daily between Windsor and Parramatta* 10/611824 - Auction of toll leases, pI 9/6/1825 - Auction of toll leases, pI 3/3/1825 - Tolls on Windsor Road 14/711825 - Kelly constable at Rouse Hill 18/8/1825 - Kelly residence, p4 22/9/1825 - Kelly farm, p4 ~1I1826 - Kelly's Halfway House, Windsor Road, p3* 9/111826 - Stagecoach fares increase because of rising corn prices 911/1826 - Thomas Kelly poundkeeper at Vinegar Hill, p4 13/3/1826 - Windsor Road stagecoach want of patronage, p3* 14/6/1826 - Auction of toll lease between Parramatta and Windsor, pI 28/6/1826 - Auction of tolls on Parramatta to Windsor road, p2 5/7 /1826 - Parramatta toll gate on Windsor Road, p2 * 3/8/1827 - Mention of Ponds on Windsor Road, la 19/8/1926 - Vinegar Hill toll gate, p3* 22/1111826 - Kelly estate, p4 30/12/1826 - No coach service between Parramatta and Windsor, p2 3/8/1827 - District constable at the Ponds on Windsor Road, Kelly resigned, la 8/10/1827 - Toll over chain of Ponds Creek, 3f 18/4/1828 - Second Ponds, Upper Nelson, 4f 1118/1828 - Temporary gaol or watch-house required at Vinegar Hill, 3d

23/2/1841 - Halfway House to be let, p3

22/1211862 - Rouse Hill Church opened

Sydney Morning Herald: 21/9/1842 - Tenders to carry mail from and to Windsor, p3 30/1111842 - Broken Back Bridge toll, p3 1114/1844 - Scheme to rebuild Hawkesbury Road, p2*

74 * = not sighted by writers

Casey & Lowe Associa tes Old Windsor & Windsor Roads RHIP (Stage 1)

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