DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Review

Quiz Tomorrow!DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis ReviewTeamsGroup A (Name?)Group B (Name?)Teams take turns answering questions. Each team gets thirty seconds to answer their question before the other group has a chance to steal it. The other group then has to answer immediately. For each correct answer during your groups turn, you get 10 points. For each stolen question answered correctly, you get 20 points. If there is a tie at the end, the groups will choose a representative to duel. Ro-sham will decide which team gets the first question.Glittering PrizesWinning team may choose one of the test questions.Pride and bragging rights1. What are the three main differences between RNA and DNA?DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.DNA has thymine; RNA has uracil.DNA nucleotides have one fewer oxygen atom on the sugar. (i.e. deoxyribose sugar in DNA vs. ribose sugar in RNA)

2. What would the corresponding mRNA look like for this DNA strand?TACATTGCG

AUGUAACGC3. True or false: All cells in your body have the same DNA.

True, except for red blood cells, which lack a nucleus.4. What are the two main steps of protein synthesis called?

Transcription and translation5. Where do transcription and translation occur?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm at a ribosome (either a free-floating ribosome or on the endoplasmic reticulum).6. Which cell part could be compared to a castle wall, and which two types of cells do they occur in?

A cell wall is like a castle wall because it provides a rigid barrier (unlike the cell membrane, which is flexible).Plant and bacterial cells have cell walls but animal cells do not.7. Categorize each as prokaryotic or eukaryotic: plant, animal, and bacterial cells.

Plant: eukaryoticAnimal: eukaryoticBacteria: prokaryotic8. What is the most major difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.9. What is the three-letter ending for enzymes?

-ase10. What enzyme unzips the DNA helix to begin transcription?

RNA polymerase11. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

SugarPhosphateNitrogenous base (A, G, C, T/U)11. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

SugarPhosphateNitrogenous base (A, G, C, T/U)12. How is the mRNA transcript made?

Free-floating RNA nucleotides in the nucleus bind to the base pairs on one strand of the unwound DNA. 13. What is the difference between exons and introns?

Exons contain the meaningful code. They are expressed in the protein.Introns are taken out in mRNA editing.

14. What are the three steps that occur in mRNA processing/editing?

Introns are removed and exons are spliced together.A cap is added to the front of the mRNA for energy.A poly-A tail ( hundreds of As) is added to the back for protection in the cytoplasm.15. What is the difference between a codon and an anti-codon?

Codon: a group of three bases on the mRNA.Anti-codon: a group of three bases on the tRNA that binds to the mRNA.16. How does the tRNA know where to drop off its amino acid?

Its anti-codon is complementary to the mRNA codon.

17. What are the three types of RNA?

mRNA tRNA rRNA

18. What do the three types of RNA do?

mRNA: acts as a messenger, bringing information from the nucleus to the ribosome.tRNA: transfers the amino acid to the ribosome. rRNA: combines with a protein to form a ribosome.

19. True or false: All proteins are made of one polypeptide chain of amino acids.

False: Proteins are made of one or more chains of amino acids and sometimes also include other molecules.

20. True or false: The confetti-like look of proteins is completely determined by the original DNA sequence.

True.