quinto número- octubre de 2008
TRANSCRIPT
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
1/89
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
2/89
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
3/89
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
4/89
EA_LA_ D BM CDJ]QGS\M LA BMOA_GJ\DS
@mrm Harjmjlm Byav Ydr|gbbd Mbcdcar&
Earlar yajsmom cmsg aucbqsgxm`aj|a ydr ramccgj aj
cdj|rm la mlxarsmrgds" w cd`d s|ds armj `qw
lgharaj|as aj|ra s" ba hqa jacasmrgd cdj|rmlacgrsa
ymrm cdj|rmlacgrbds m |dlds*=_dqce
BMS CDJSGLA_MCGDJAS HGBDSHGCMS la Fdemjj Kd||hrgal Earlar |qxgardj lghqsgj a gjhbqajcgm
gj`algm|ms* Jd dos|mj|a" as qj mq|dr cdj|rmlgc|drgd* Bds as|qlgdsds sa mrmxgbbmj w lasasyarmj
mj|a bm gj|rgjcmlm sqcasgj la mrkq`aj|ds" mymraj|a`aj|a dyqas|ds" }qa |afa aj sqs
rmvdjm`gaj|ds* Earlar yarsdjghgcm bms cdj|rmlgccgdjas gj|abac|qmbas lab sgkbd lgacgdced" sgkbd
mc|gxd w cramldr* Ab hgbsdhd w yda|m sgj|a|gvm laom|as sdora bm rmvj" bm `a|m qjgxarsmb la bm
eq`mjglml" ab xmbdr la bms cqb|qrms" ab As|mld* La me }qa sqs |adrms yqalmj ymracar
cdj|rmlgc|drgms" a gjcbqsd gjcdearaj|as> la me }qa sq |rmomfd emwm |ajgld |mj|ms gj|aryra|mcgdjas
arrjams> la me }qa `qcems cdrrgaj|as sa emwmj msaj|mld aj ab ra|mvd }qa bas cdjxgaja la sq
hgbdsdhm*
Yrdcqrd |rmvmr qj asodvd lab cd`ybgcmld `mym |argcd la Earlar" mb yrakqj|mr`a ydr }q
sa ba yqala cmbghgcmr la egfd raoabla la bm Gbqs|rmcgj*?Mjmbgvmr bm gjhbqajcgm la Nmj| w d|rds
hgbsdhds gbqs|rmlds aj ab yajsm`gaj|d earlargmjd* Bqakd" as|qlgmr yqj|ds la lgscdrlgm aj|ra as|a
`dxg`gaj|d w Earlar" mb mjmbgvmr sq ldc|rgjm lab bajkqmfa w sq |adrm sdora bm jmcgj* Hgjmb`aj|a"
cd`aj|mr sq mydr|a egs|drgcgs|m" aj ldjla sa qjaj ymr|a la sqs cr|gcms w laqlms m bm Gbqs|rmcgj*
1
& As|qlgmj|a la cqmr|d sa`as|ra la bm bgcajcgm|qrm aj Ydb|gcm w Ml`gjgs|rmcgj Yobgcm la Ab Cdbakgd la @ugcd*= Cg|* ydr Kdjcmb @mwds Sdbmjm" Gbqs|rmcgj w _d`mj|gcgs`d" Omrcabdjm" Earlar" ?99
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
5/89
GJHBQAJCGM LA BM GBQS\_MCGDJ
Earlar hqa egfd raoabla la bm Gbqs|rmcgj yqas bm crg|gc w lahajlg cdj glj|gcd harxdr* As|d sa
auybgcm ydr}qa sqs `mwdras gjhbqajcgms hqardj hgbsdhds cdj glambas dyqas|ds* Cqmjld arm
as|qlgmj|a aj Njgsoark hqa lgscyqbd la Nmj|" ab `mwdr lghqsdr la bm Gbqs|rmcgj aj Yrqsgm" w ab
|abdkd Em`mjj* Yard bds |rmomfds la Earlar jd sdj bm sj|asgs la bms |adrms la sqs `aj|dras"
sgjd sqs rahbaugdjas sdora bds |a`ms as|qlgmlds*
Bm rabmcgj aj|ra Nmj| w Earlar" |mj|d yarsdjmb cd`d mcml`gcm" as qjm egs|drgm
cd`ybgcmlm w hmscgjmj|a* \rm|m la rgxmbglmlas aj|ra qj lgscyqbd orgbbmj|a w sq `mas|rd> la bm
gjhbqajcgm gj`algm|m la bds ascrg|ds la Earlar w bm gjcd`yrajsgj kajarmb emcgm bm hgbdsdhm
nmj|gmjm> lab dbxgld lab yrg`ard w bm rabaxmjcgm gjcdj`ajsqrmoba lab sakqjld aj bm ydcm dlarjm>
aj hgj" lab sqrkg`gaj|d lab _d`mj|gcgs`d w bm lacmlajcgm la bm Gbqs|rmcgj*
Bm gjhbqajcgm la Nmj| sdora Earlar hqa bm lab Nmj| yracr|gcd" aj|ra =;89 w =;;9* As|a
aba`aj|d as asajcgmb ymrm cd`yrajlar bm saymrmcgj aj|ra yrdhasdr w mbq`jd w" hgjmb`aj|a" sq
rqy|qrm cqmjld Earlar sa dyqsd mb Nmj| cr|gcd* Nmj|" aj asm ydcm" hqa ascy|gcd emcgm bd
`a|mhsgcd w yqsd aj lqlm bm augs|ajcgm la bd sqyrm`qjlmjd* Ymrm b" cmlm eaced d haj`ajd aj
ab qjgxarsd ydlm sar auybgcmld ydr bawas rakqbmras* Bd }qa mymraj|a`aj|a as cramld ydr hqarvms
`a|mhsgcms as aj rambglml ab rasqb|mld la cm`ogds w yrdcasds egs|rgcds*
Hqa Nmj| }qgaj ajsa m Earlar jd bm hgbdsdhm" sgjd m hgbdsdhmr* 3 Nmj| mybgc aj sq
as|qlgmj|a yrahargld bd }qa ymrm b arm bm `a|m lab hgbsdhd" }qa jd laoa bg`g|mrsa m lghqjlgr sqs
ldk`ms" sgjd m ajsamr m cmlm gjlgxglqd m yajsmr ydr s `gs`d* Bm alqcmcgj la bm eq`mjglml
%Ogblqjk'" w bm `mjarm aj }qa s|m laoa bbaxmrsa m cmod" hqa ab `mwdr mydr|a la Nmj| m bms |adrms
earlargmjms*
Mla`s la bm axglaj|a gjhbqajcgm la Nmj|" Earlar sa mydw aj ab |rmomfd la xmrgds
yegbdsdyeas las Bq`gras" aj asyacgmb @dj|as}qgaq w _dqssamq* La @dj|as}qgaq au|rmfd bm glam
K D _ M
8
3 G| {ms Nmj| {ed |mqke| Earlar jd| yegbdsdyew oq| yegbdsdyegvgjk" Fdej Vm``g|d" Nmj|" Earlar mjl |ea Ogr|e dh
Mj|erdydbdkw" Cegcmkd" Qjgxarsg|w Yrass" ?99?" y* =
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
6/89
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
7/89
sakqgldras la as|a `dxg`gaj|d" ab ed`ora auyrasm bm |d|mbglml la sq sar m |rmxs la bd }qa emca*
Qjm sdcgalml mc|gxm w cramldrm rahbafm qj mb|d jgxab la mq|drrambgvmcgj gj|abac|qmb la bds
gjlgxglqds }qa xgxaj aj abbm*8
Ab yqj|d la lgscdrlgm aj|ra `aj|dr w
lgscyqbd hqa bm xgsgj la Em`mjj sdora bm
d`jgyrasajcgm la bd `a|mhsgcd aj bds
haj`ajds qjlmjds* Ab |abdkd fqs|ghgcmom
bm yrasajcgm la Lgds aj bm jm|qrmbavm ydr
hqarvms asygrg|qmbas w `gs|argdsms*; Earlar
rmcgdjmbgv as|m glam" mb lacgr }qa bm yrasajcgm
la Lgds aj bm jm|qrmbavm sa fqs|ghgcm ydr
haj`ajds egs|rgcds w ogdbkgcds
yarcay|gobas" a`yrgcds* Ab hgbsdhd auyras }qa bm Ogobgm laom sar as|qlgmlm cd`d cqmb}qgar d|rd
ldcq`aj|d cdj xmbglav egs|rgcm" ajhd}qa egs|drgcgs|m }qa cmqs bm cdjlajm la ymr|a la Em`mjj*5
Sgj a`omrkd" as|m myrdug`mcgj rmcgdjmb m bds |au|ds oobgcds jd laoa cdjsglarmrsa `qas|rm la
racemvd emcgm bm rabgkgj* Earlar arm yrdhqjlm`aj|a rabgkgdsd w }qarm" krmcgms m qj rgkqrdsd
mjbgsgs ear`ajq|gcd" cd`yrdomr bm xmbglav la bds |au|ds smkrmlds" jd rahq|mrbm*
Ab |rm|d la Earlar emcgm bm rabgkgj as gj|rgjcmld* Ydr bm gjhbqajcgm la Em`mjj" Earlar
yrmc|gcmom ab yga|gs`d" dxg`gaj|d yrd|as|mj|a aj cdj|rm la bm hrm gj|abac|qmbglml ld`gjmj|a aj
bm rabgkgj" }qa modkmom ydr myracgmr bds saj|glds w aumb|mr bms yqbsgdjas* Cram hgr`a`aj|a aj bm
K D _ M
5
8 Kda|ea w" lasyqs" Sceabbgjk hqardj bms hgkqrms `s yrd`gjaj|as la as|a `dxg`gaj|d* Earlar hqa ymrm Kda|ea %mb
}qa cdjdcg aj =;;;' bd }qa Em`mjj hqa ymrm b6 cd`d `aj|dr w m`gkd" bd gj|rdlqfd m sqs glams ragxgjlgcmldrms la
cqb|qrms mj|as lasyracgmlms" w ba ajsa m xmbdrmr bd grrmcgdjmb |mj|d cd`d bd a`yrgcd*; Hralargcn C* Oagsar"Ajbgke|aj`aj|" _axdbq|gdj" mjl _d`mj|gcgs`" @mssmceqsa||s" Emrxmrl Qjgxarsg|w Yrass" =77?" y* =78*5 Aj bds mds =;8
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
8/89
Yrdxglajcgm" yard cdjsglarmom }qa sq hqarvm w rayrasaj|mcgj laomj sar cd`yrdomlms
a`yrgcm`aj|a" yqas|d }qa sa ajcdj|rmomj aj bm jm|qrmbavm* Ab ajhd}qa rabgkgdsd la Earlar arm
`qw yrdkrasgs|m w rmcgdjmb*
BM JMCGJ
Bm hqar|a saymrmcgj aj|ra As|mld w jmcgj hqa qj dofa|d la as|qlgd racqrraj|a ymrm Earlar" ms
cd`d ymrm @dj|as}qgaq w d|rds hgbsdhds hrmjcasas* Ab hqjlm`aj|d la bm ydb|gcm laoa sar bm
jmcgj" bmvd la hrm|arjglml hdrfmld ydr egs|drgm w |rmlgcgdjas cd`qjas* Cqmb}qgar As|mld laoa
sqowqkmrsa m bm jmcgj ydr}qa bm jm|qrmbavm cram jmcgdjas" jd As|mlds* 7Ms" bms lgharajcgms
cqb|qrmbas la cmlm yqaobd laoaj sar rasya|mlms ydr bds kdogarjds" ydr bd }qa Earlar rayqlgmom
bds sgs|a`ms caj|rmbgs|ms w" sdora |dld" bds g`yargmbgs|ms*
Mla`s" bm mq|dcdjcgajcgm jmcgdjmb" mqsygcgmlm ydr bm alqcmcgj" bbaxmrm m hdr|ghgcmr la |mb
`mjarm bds bmvds sdbglmrgds aj|ra gjlgxglqds }qa ab As|mld" aj |mj|d `m}qgjmrgm" sa xdbxarm
dosdba|d* La m}q largxmj bms myrdug`mcgdjas aj|ra bm hgbdsdhm earlargmjm w ab mjmr}qgs`d* Bm
jmcgj raa`ybmvmrm mb As|mld* Ab mq|dkdogarjd sarm `afdr }qa bm oqrdcrmcgm caj|rmbgs|m* Earlar
|ajm qjm xgsgj ym|arjmbgs|m w as|rgc|m`aj|a gkqmbg|mrgm lab ydlar* Ab kdogarjd |gaja bm dobgkmcgj
la orgjlmr alqcmcgj w ogajas|mr m |dlds sqs solg|ds* Earlar bbax ab cdjcay|d la alqcmcgj
ems|m sqs b|g`ms cdjsacqajcgms mb cmbghgcmrbd la `a|m lab lasmrrdbbd egs|rgcd w xm emcgm bm
mq|djd`m a gjlayajlajcgm la bms jmcgdjas*
Bm `mwdrm la bds hgbsdhds lab sgkbd UXGGG aumb|mrdj xmbdras mos|rmc|ds bgoar|ml" rmvj"
As|mld aj la|rg`aj|d la bm hdr`mcgj la jmcgdjmbglmlas" aj kajarmb" w ab lasmrrdbbd lab
gjlgxglqd" aj ymr|gcqbmr* Earlar craw aj bds glambas la bm Gbqs|rmcgj" sdora |dld aj ab cdjcay|d
la alqcmcgj" yard craw }qa bds hgbsdhds la sq ydcm Xdb|mgra" Eq`a" _doar|sdj bds
|rmgcgdjmrdj mb mlqbmr m lsyd|ms gbqs|rmlds=9 w yarlarsa aj ab a|jdcaj|rgs`d*
EA_ LA _ D B M CD J]QG S\M LA BMO A_ GJ \DS
7
7 G* Oarbgj" dy*cg|*" y* ?91*=9Xdb|mgra |qxd qjm m`ybgm cdrrasydjlajcgm cdj Cm|mbgjm bm Krmjla w as|qxd aj bm cdr|a la Halargcd GG" aj Oarbj*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
9/89
EGS\D_GCGS@D W Y_DK_ASD
Em`mjj lahajlg bm grralqc|gogbglml la bms lgharajcgms cqb|qrmbas* @s mj" modk ydr bm
cd`yrajsgj gj|arjmla bms cqb|qrms" krmcgms mb as|qlgd la sqs |rmlgcgdjas %as|m glam sarm xg|mb ymrm
ab ajhd}qa ybqrmbgs|m la bm hgbdsdhm earlargmjm'" w asodv qjm cr|gcm mb cds`dydbg|gs`d ydr ralqcgr
bds xmbdras m yracay|ds qjgxarsmbas* La as|m hdr`m" gjcg| m Earlar w |m`ogj m Nmj|" lab cqmb arm
m`gkd m |d`mr aj cqaj|m bm g`ydr|mjcgm la bm egs|drgm* Earlar lasmrrdbb lds glams
hqjlm`aj|mbas ymrm ab egs|drgcgs`d6 bm gjlgxglqmbglml w bm axdbqcgj*==
Bm gjlgxglqmbglml as qj cdjcay|d a`mjmld"
aj ymr|a" la bm dydsgcgj emcgm ab
cds`dydbg|gs`d la bm Gbqs|rmcgj* Cmlm
cgxgbgvmcgj `araca sar xmbdrmlm sakj sq
yrdygm ascmbm jdr`m|gxm* Sgj lqlm" emw rmskds
la mccgj cd`qjas m |dlms bms cqb|qrms w
ydla`ds as|mobacar ym|rdjas mos|rmc|ds la
cdjlqc|m }qa bms momr}qaj m |dlms yard"
mrkqwa Earlar" sdj sdora |dld sqs lgharajcgms bms }qa `aracaj sar as|qlgmlms* Sa gj|arasmom ydr
bm aucaycgj laj|rd la bm qjghdr`glml> aumb|mom bm rabaxmjcgm la as|qlgds sdora jmcgdjmbglmlas
%rakgdjmbas" |rgombas w d|rms'" las|mcmjld bm cqb|qrm w" sdora |dld" bm bg|arm|qrm*
_asyac|d m sq yrdygm jmcgj" Earlar ba rayrdcemom sd`a|arsa m bm eaka`djm cqb|qrmb
hrmjcasm" mb lacgr6 Mba`mjas" emobml mba`j-" ascqygl ab ms}qardsd bdld lab Sajm*=? s|m w d|rms
mhgr`mcgdjas emj sgld cdjsglarmlms cd`d qjm yrqaom lab ymjkar`mjgs`d earlargmjd* Yard
Earlar" m lgharajcgm la d|rds hgbsdhds cd`d Hgce|a" mydwmom bm aumb|mcgj la |dlms bms
jmcgdjmbglmlas" jd sbd la bm mba`mjm*
K D _ M
=9
== H* @agjacna" dy*cg|*" y* 3=;*=? Cg|* ydr G* Oarbgj" dy*cg|*" y* ?33*
Sa gj|arasmom ydr bm aucaycgj laj|rd
la bm qjghdr`glml> aumb|mom bm
rabaxmjcgm la as|qlgds sdora
jmcgdjmbgllas %rakgdjmbas" |rgombas
w d|rms'" las|mcmjld bm cqb|qrm w"
sdora|dld" bm bg|arm|qrm*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
10/89
As cd`yrajsgoba }qa Earlar crg|gcmrm cdj harxdr |dlm xdbqj|ml la g`ydsgcgj cqb|qrmb* Bm
mrrdkmjcgm la bds hgbsdhds gbqs|rmlds" }qa yra|ajlgardj gbq`gjmr sdcgalmlas yrg`g|gxms lasla sq
ajhd}qa aqrdyad" as mb|m`aj|a cdjlajmoba* Earlar hqa la bds yrg`ards hgbsdhds aj ragxgjlgcmr"
fqj|d cdj ab yrarrd`mj|gcgs`d gjkbs" bm Alml @algm* As|m ydcm hqa laslamlm ydr bds
yegbdsdyeas" }qa bm cm|mbdkmomj la `d`aj|d dscqrd w `ajdsyracgmoba aj bm egs|drgm* M bds
hgbsdhds }qa cmbghgcmomj bm Alml @algm cd`d qj `mb jacasmrgd" qj ymsd dobgkmld w lasyracgmoba
aj|ra cgxgbgvmcgdjas" Earlar rasydjlg }qa jgjkqjm cdsm aj |dld ab ragjd la Lgds %' as
sdbm`aj|a `algd" |dld as `algd w hgj m bm xav" w cdj |dlm sakqrglml |m`ogj as|ds sgkbds*=3
Earlar racemvmom ab mjbgsgs egs|rgcd caj|rmld aj lascrgycgdjas ygcms la krmjlas yrdavms w
om|mbbms* Jd sbd ydr}qa rayqlgmom la `mjarm |mfmj|a bm mr`mlm w bm kqarrm> ymrm b" ab \dld
egs|rgcd as| eaced la gjhgjg|ms hqarvms gjlgxglqmbas* Bds ed`oras emcaj bm egs|drgm> bds
gjlgxglqds cdjhgkqrmj ab lasmrrdbbd la bm eq`mjglml la `mjarm cd|glgmjm*
Bm yaja|rmcgj sg`y|gcm d ajldym|m %Agjhebaj' ymbmorm cramlm ydr Earlar xm `s mbb
la bm xmbdrmcgj la bm cqb|qrm as|qlgmlm6 rasq`a bms my|g|qlas ysgcdbkgcms a gj|aryra|m|gxms }qa laoa
|ajar ab egs|drgmldr d mj|rdybdkd ymrm cd`yrajlar gj|arjm`aj|a qjm jmcgj* Bm gj|argdrgvmcgj
la bds |au|ds as|qlgmlds" omsa la bm ear`ajq|gcm" yar`g|a mb egs|drgmldr `dlarjd mbafmrsa la
fqgcgds la xmbdr" w cd`ymrmr sq cqb|qrm cdj d|rm* Ydr d|rd bmld" racdjdcg bm ajdr`a lghgcqb|ml la
cd`yrajlar bms gjlgxglqmbglmlas la mjarm ajldy|gcm" sdora |dld sg sa |rm|m la jmcgdjas bafmjms*
Yard cqmjld ab egs|drgmldr ajcqaj|rm qjm ygavm lab ajdr`a fmrrj la qjm cqb|qrm" laoa g`mkgjmr
ab fmrrj aj sq |d|mbglml" ymrm ydlar cmy|mr ab xarlmlard sgkjghgcmld la bm ygavm* Ms" Earlar
fqs|ghgc bm jacasglml la qjm myracgmcgj m bm xav ymr|gcqbmr w kbdomb lab ed`ora w sq cqb|qrm*
Mqj}qa ab ajhd}qa la Earlar ymraca layajlar |mj sbd la bm g`mkgjmcgj w bd sajsg|gxd" as
aj rambglml qjm myrdug`mcgj a`yrgcm" }qa sa msa`afm cdj ab |rm|d m bms cgajcgms jm|qrmbas
%gjhbqajcgm rmcgdjmbgs|m la bm Gbqs|rmcgj'* Yrg`ard" ab egs|drgmldr laoa |rm|mr m bds |au|ds
egs|rgcds cdj qjm dofa|gxglml |mj sbd ydsgoba cqmjld sa as|qlgmj haj`ajds hsgcds d
EA_ LA _ D B M CD J]QG S\M LA BMO A_ GJ \DS
==
=3Fdemjj Kd||hrgal Earlar" Hgbdsdhm la bm egs|drgm ymrm bm alqcmcgj la bm eq`mjglml" Oqajds Mgras" Jdxm" =719" y* 59*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
11/89
jm|qrmbas* Bm yaja|rmcgj sg`y|gcm jd g`ybgcm yrdwaccgj ysgcdbkgcm la bds yrdygds xmbdras"
sgjd gj|arjmbgvmcgj la `dlds la xglm mfajds m bds lab egs|drgmldr* Ydr bm lghgcqb|ml la bm
gj|aryra|mcgj ear`ajq|gcm" ab dosarxmldr laoa emcar qj as|qlgd auemqs|gxd w a|dldbkgcd la
bm |d|mbglml cdj|au|qmb lab dofa|d as|qlgmld* Hgjmb`aj|a" bm jacasglml g`yargdsm la hdr`qbmr
egy|asgs sdora hdr`ms la xglm mfajms m bm yrdygm" }qa bqakd yqalaj sar rahq|mlms" mcarcm mj s
ab as|qlgd egs|rgcd m bms cgajcgms jm|qrmbas*
Earlar hqa ascy|gcd mj|a bm qjgxarsmbglml* Sq lasad la myracgmcgj gjlgxglqmb xajcg |dlm
cdjcaycgj axdbq|gxmlab lasmrrdbbd eq`mjd" sakj bm cqmb qjm ydcm as `afdr }qa bm mj|argdr* Jd
dos|mj|a" jd yqala mos|rmarsa la bm glam gbq`gjgs|m lab yrdkrasd* Ms" lasmrrdbb lds cdjcay|ds
qjgxarsmbas" }qa sa yqalaj mybgcmr m |dlm ydcm w jmcgj6 bm habgcglml w bm Eq`mjg||* As|ds
glambas bbakmrj cqmjld bds ed`oras" ydr `algd la bm alqcmcgj" auybd|aj mb `ug`d sqs
yd|ajcgmbas cram|gxds* Earlar racdjdcg }qa bm craajcgm aj as|ds glambas as q|ygcm" yard sdj
jacasmrgds ymrm as|mobacar qj ybmjd sqyrmgjlgxglqmb }qa l cdearajcgm mb lasmrrdbbd egs|rgcd*
CDJCBQSGJ
Earlar hqa qj egfd raoabla la bmMqhnbrqjkydr}qa |d` glams asajcgmbas lab `dxg`gaj|d w bms
qs ymrm lasmrrdbbmr sqs |adrms* Earal bm glam lab yrdkrasd" bm alqcmcgj" ab rmcgdjmbgs`d
`a|dldbkgcd la bds hgbsdhds la bm Gbqs|rmcgj w sqs mj|acalaj|as* Ab mydr|a la as|a |argcd m bds
`dxg`gaj|ds cdj|rmgbqs|rmld w rd`j|gcd rmlgcm aj }qa cdjsglar m bm Xarlml cd`d qj
aba`aj|d ymr|gcqbmr la cmlm yqaobd" cdj|rmrgd mb cdjfqj|d la yracay|ds qjgxarsmbas }qa
ajmrodb bm Gbqs|rmcgj* Mla`s" lahajlg bms cramcgdjas mr|s|gcms g`yqbsgxms cdj|rm bm
rmcgdjmbglml la sq ydcm* Sarm hrqc|hard emcar qjm cd`ymrmcgj aj|ra Earlar w ga`ords la bm
bbm`mlm Gbqs|rmcgj dbxglmlm }qgajas" gjsar|ds aj ab `dxg`gaj|d kajarmb la bm ydcm"
sqormwmrdj ab cmrc|ar grrasdbq|d lab ed`ora*= w Kraajsymj
cbmrghgas Grm} {mr" dgb bgjn"@SJOC Ja{s Sarxgcas" =; la say|ga`ora la ?99;*3 Nm||w Nmw" Mjmbwsgs6 Dgb mjl |ea Oqse Cmogja|" OOC Ja{s" ?7 la ajard la ?99=" lgsydjgoba aj
e||y6$$ja{s*ooc*cd*qn$?$eg$m`argcms$==35997*s|`*< Argc Bmqraj|"Ab `qjld sacra|d la Oqse" Omrcabdjm" Algcgdjas O" ?99
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
23/89
As|a yarhgb w bm cdjsacqaj|a sajsgogbglml ydr bm gjlqs|rgm ya|rdbarm la ymr|a la bds ydb|gcds aj
[msegjk|dj sa em auyrasmld aj bm gj|ajcgj la bm ml`gjgs|rmcgj la lasrakqbmrgvmr ab sac|dr |mj|d aj ab
`og|d bdcmb cd`d aj ab gj|arjmcgdjmb*7 Ydr as|d" Oqse em mq|drgvmld |mrams la auybdrmcgj w yarhdrmcgj
aj bm _asarxm Sgbxas|ra Jmcgdjmb lab r|gcd"=9 qogcmlm aj Mbmsnm" w sa em jakmld m rm|ghgcmr ab Yrd|dcdbd la
Nwd|d" m yasmr la bm `mjghgas|m dydsgcgj la jq`ardsds krqyds m`ogaj|mbgs|ms* Aj as|a b|g`d cmsd" hqa
ymr|gcqbmr`aj|aAuudj-@dogba" bm ya|rdbarm `s krmjla lab `qjld" }qgaj afarcg bm `mwdr gjhbqajcgm sdora
ab kdogarjd*== Ab jgxab la lgbdkd em sgld |mb }qa aj ab ?99? ba yrdyqsd m bm Cmsm Obmjcm `algmj|a qj
`a`drmjld sacra|d" rambgvmr qjm cm`ymm cdjfqj|m ymrm ra`dxar mb lgrac|dr lab Ymjab Gj|arjmcgdjmb sdora
Cm`ogd Cbg`|gcd w |ajmv yrd`d|dr la bm ralqccgj la kmsas la ahac|d gjxarjmlard m jgxab `qjlgmb"
Lr* _doar| [m|sdj" `gsgxm }qa gjcbqm ab yalgld la raa`ybmvd lab labakmld as|mldqjglajsa yqas|d ydr
Cbgj|dj ydr qj hqjcgdjmrgd `s mcdrla m sqs gj|arasas*=?
Ab mb|d krmld la g`orgcmcgj a`yrasmrgmb-as|m|mb hqa mla`s ym|aj|a lasla ab cd`gajvd la bm
ml`gjgs|rmcgj Oqse* Aj sq sakqjlm sa`mjm aj ab ydlar" ab yrasglaj|a drlaj bm cramcgj labJm|gdjmb
Ajarkw Ydbgcw Laxabdy`aj| Krdqy %JAYLK'" cqwm hqjcgj arm labgjamr bds yds|qbmlds yrgjcgymbas la bm
ydb|gcm ajark|gcm kqoarjm`aj|mb* Lgrgkgld ydr Ceajaw" w lasla aj|djcas cdjdcgld cd`d ab Ceajaw Ajarkw
\msn Hdrca" as|a krqyd cdjkrak aj sq sajd" cdjhglajcgmb w asydrlgcm aj|a" m bds `s mb|ds afacq|gxds la
bms krmjlas a`yrasms w cdjsdrcgds ajark|gcds la As|mlds Qjglds" las|mcjldsa Fm`as F* _dqsa"
xgcayrasglaj|a laAuudj-@dogba> Najja|e B* Bmw" lgrac|dr la bm lasmymracglm Ajrdjw m`gkd yarsdjmb la
Oqse> Fmcn J* Karmrl la bm Jm|gdjmb @gjgjk Mssdcgm|gdj> w _al Cmxmjaw" yrasglaj|a labM`argcmj Ya|rdbaq`
Gjs|g|q|a* Ab Ceajaw Ajarkw \msn Hdrca|m`ogj `mj|qxd raqjgdjas cdj afacq|gxds la cd`ymms au|rmjfarms
cd`d _dwmb Lq|ce Seabb Dgb Cdry* w Org|gse Ya|rdbaq`" mqj}qa hqardj las`aj|glms ydr sqs
mymrm|ds la yrajsm*=3
KD_M
? aj =775" Najja|e Larr" ydr aj|djcas faha afacq|gxd la Ceaxrdjba
cd`aj| m qjm mqlgajcgm aj Smj Hrmjcgscd6 Grmn ydsaa qjms ajdr`as rasarxms la ya|rbad w kms" m bms }qa
m Ceaxrdj ba ajcmj|mrm |ajar mccasd*=5 @gaj|rms Eqssagj sgkqgasa kdoarjmjld" cdj|gjqmrmj bms
smjcgdjas g`yqas|ms w" ydr ajla" ab mccasd emcgm bms rasarxms as|mrm xalmld* Ms hqa }qa bms krmjlas
cmogblamrdj aj ab lacajgd la =779 m hmxdr lab cm`ogd la rkg`aj*=7
Laoa |ajarsa aj cdjsglarmcgj }qa mc|qmb`aj|a |ras cqmr|ms ymr|as lab ya|rbad lgsydjgoba m jgxab
`qjlgmb as|j omfd cdj|rdb lgrac|d la kdogarjds* As|d jd sga`yra hqa ms* Myrdug`mlm`aj|a 31 mds m|rs"
sga|a krmjlas cd`ymms as|mldqjglajsas w aqrdyams cdj|rdbmomj ab krqasd la bms rasarxms `qjlgmbas*
Hqsgdjmlms bqakd aj bms cqm|rd krmjlas" emj gj|aj|mld racqyarmr ab |arrajd yarlgld*?9
KD_M
?8
Mla`s la bds ydlardsds gj|arasas cdrydrm|gxds" bm
ydb|gcm ya|rdbarm em as|mld la|ar`gjmlm
ydr bm cmlm xav `s cr|gcm cdjlgcgj ajark|gcm
la As|mlds Qjglds* Ab yms sa em |rmjshdr`mld
la yrdlqc|dr m g`ydr|mldr ja|d laogld mb cracg-
`gaj|d la sq la`mjlm gj|arjm aj ab |rmjscqrsd la
mbkqjms lcmlms*
=8 Fdseqm Edbbmjl" Oqses Ya|rd-Cmr|ab Mb`ds| Ems Grm}s Dgb" Mb|arJa|" =8 la dc|qora la ?998*=; Bdc* cg|* Bms smjcgdjas acdj`gcms cdj|rm Grmn hqardj g`yqas|ms aj `mrvd la =77=" yrgjcgymb`aj|a cdj bm rasdbqcgj 85;*=5Mj|djgm Fqemsv" mr|* cg|*=7 Bdc* cg|* Qjm cd`gsgj gjlayajlgaj|a }qa gjxas|gk ab yrdkrm`m Ya|rbad ydr Cd`glm w sq rabmcgj cdj As|mlds Qjglds"
la|ac| }qa m yasmr la bms smjcgdjas" ab 3;! lab ya|rbad grm}q cd`arcgmbgvmld gj|arjmcgdjmb`aj|a aj ab yardld mrrgo m
Jdr|am`rgcm" cmsg aj sq |d|mbglml g`ydr|mld ydr hgr`ms jd as|mldqjglajsas*?9 Bdc* cg|*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
26/89
Yard mla`s la bds ydlardsds gj|arasas cdrydrm|gxds" bm ydb|gcm jmcgdjmb aj bm `m|argm em as|mld
la|ar`gjmlm ydr bm cmlm xav `s cr|gcm cdjlgcgj ajark|gcm la As|mlds Qjglds* Ab yms sa em
|rmjshdr`mld la yrdlqc|dr m g`ydr|mldr ja|d laogld mb cracg`gaj|d la sq la`mjlm gj|arjm aj ab
|rmjscqrsd la mbkqjms lcmlms* Aj =7
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
27/89
cdj lds |arcgds la bms rasarxms `qjlgmbas w cdj bds `s omfds cds|ds la yrdlqccgj" as ldjla
xarlmlarm`aj|a as| ab yra`gd*?1
As mb|m`aj|a yrdomoba }qa |dlds bds cbcqbds a`yrasmrgmbas w kqoarjm`aj|mbas ems|m m}q
modrlmlds emwmj sgld mrkq`aj|ds yrgjcgymbas aj bm rmcgdjmbglml }qa cdjlqfd m [msegjk|dj m bm gjxmsgj
la Grmn ab =7 la `mrvd la ?993" aj xgr|ql lab as|raced lgbdkd `mj|ajgld aj|ra bm ml`gjgs|rmcgj w bms
krmjlas a`yrasms* Ms hqa gj|aryra|mld ydr mbkqjds dosarxmldras gj|arjmcgdjmbas cd`d as ab cmsd lab au
yrg`ar `gjgs|rd gjlgd Gjlar Kqfrmb" }qgaj samb6 Ab bdoow lab ya|rbad aj As|mlds Qjglds as|
la|ar`gjmld m |ajar sq kqarrm*?8 As|d ymracgarm cdjhgr`mrsa sg sa mldy|m c`d mugd`m }qa bms krmjlas
cd`ymms emj yarsakqgld aucbqsgxm`aj|a bm `mug`gvmcgj la sqs oajahgcgds w sg sa mcay|m" cd`d ems|m
m}q sa em yrdyqas|d" }qa emj afarcgld qjm krmj gjhbqajcgm sdora bm ml`gjgs|rmcgj Oqse*
Hmb|m mjmbgvmr bds `algds }qa q|gbgvmrdj bms cqm|rd krmjlas ymrm ahac|gxm aj|a cdj|rdbmr bms
rasarxms lab yms rmoa* La emoar ydlgld" emormj ml}qgrgld m hgjas la `mrvd la ?993 bds laraceds
bak|g`ds la auybd|mcgj la bms rasarxms ydr lcmlms" yard sqs yrdygds ybmjas ydb|gcds w bm a`arkaj|a
rambglml sa bds g`yglg* Ydr qj bmld" ab ymjdrm`m ya|rdbard aj Grmn qjm xav mcdj|acglm bm gjxmsgj jd hqa
|mj aug|dsd cd`d bm Cmsm Obmjcm asyarmom aj ab cdr|d ybmvd* Bm gjas|mogbglml w xgdbajcgm cracgaj|as
mhac|mrdj bds ybmjas drgkgjmbas la ras|g|qgr xabdv`aj|a bds jgxabas la yrdlqccgj la crqld la yrakqarrm
%?*1 `gbbdjas la omrrgbas lgmrgds'* As|d rasgj|g m cdr|d ybmvd bms auyac|m|gxms la raj|mogbglml la `qcems
a`yrasms gj|arasmlms aj gjxar|gr aj ya|rbad grm}q* \m`ogj xdbxg ydb|gcm`aj|a gjxgmoba qjmyrgxm|gvmcgj lgrac|m la bm gjlqs|rgm lab ya|rbad" bd }qa }qal la`ds|rmld cdj bms `mjghas|mcgdjas aj
cdj|rm la bm yrgxm|gvmcgj la |rmomfmldras grm}qas lab rm`d w bds m|m}qas cd|glgmjds m bm ral la
gjhrmas|rqc|qrm*
KD_M
?5
?1 Cg|mld aj Krak @q||g||" Dh Dgb" [mr mjl Yd{ar Bamrjgjk Hrd` Egs|drw" Jg}mse" =9 la Fqbgd la ?998*?8Cg|* ydr Emrddj Sgllg}qg" Dgb Bdoow La|ar`gjal |d Emxa G|s [mr gj Grm}" Cd``djLram`s*drk" =7 la ajard la ?993"
lgsydjgoba aj e||y6$${{{*cd``djlram`s*drk$xga{s93$9==7-91*e|`* Augs|aj mjmbgs|ms }qa emj jakmld bm ymr|gcgymcgj la as|ms
a`yrasms aj bms labgoarmcgdjas la bm Cmsm Obmjcm sdora ab as|mld lab ya|rbad aj @algd Drgaj|a" }qgvs lascdjdcgajld bms axglajcgms
m}q ajcgdjmlms* Qj cmsd as ab la Wmewm Smld{sng ymrm }qgaj bm kqarrm la Grmn oqsc yarya|qmr bm eaka`djm la bds As|mlds Qjglds^mj|asP }qa mcracaj|mr bms kmjmjcgms laAuudj" aj Bms Cmqsms la bm Kqarrm" Ba @djla Lgybd`m|g}qa"
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
28/89
Bm yrgxm|gvmcgj jd hqa bm yrg`arm dycgj la bm ml`gjgs|rmcgj jg la bms cd`ymms* Jd sa
yrgxm|gvmrj bds racqrsds eglrdcmroqrhards la Grmn jg bms gjs|mbmcgdjas `gaj|rms `a ajcqaj|ra m}q"
samb Yegbgy Cmrrdbb" au lgrac|dr afacq|gxd la _dwmb Lq|ce Seabbymrm As|mlds Qjglds w ed`ora lasgkjmld
ydr Ora`ar cd`d msasdr aj faha lab @gjgs|argd la Ya|rbad lab ?993 mb ?991*?; Aj ahac|d" aj say|ga`ora
la ?993 bm drlaj 37" ydr bm }qa sa yrgxm|gvmrdj ?99 cd`ymms as|m|mbas" jd gjcbqw m bm gjlqs|rgm
ya|rdbarm* Aj mrms la axg|mr bm cr|gcm gj|arjmcgdjmb" sa dy| ydr rasya|mr bm yrdygalml as|m|mb sdora bm
`gs`m" cdjsarxmjld m bm Cd`ymm Jmcgdjmb la Ya|rbad Grm}q* Cd`d aj bds |ga`yds la Eqssagj" ab
sac|dr |m`ogj sakqgrm mogar|d m bm gjxarsgj w ymr|gcgymcgj au|rmjfarm* Ms hqa yrdyqas|d ydr M`w @wars
Fmhha lab Fm`as M* Omnar GGG Gjs|g|q|a hdr Yqobgc Ydbgcwaj ajard lab ?993 cdj mydwd lab Laymr|m`aj|d la
As|mld w la cdrydrm|gxds la bms cqm|rd krmjlas*?5
La jd yrgxm|gvmr ab sac|dr" cdj }q dycgj cdj|momj4 Osgcm`aj|a" cdj bds Yrdlqc|gdj-Semrgjk
Mkraa`aj|s%Mcqarlds la Yrdlqccgj Cdjfqj|m" aj mlabmj|a YSM'* Bds YSM sdj qj |gyd la cdj|rm|d }qa ba
kmrmj|gvm m qjm a`yrasm bm auybd|mcgj la qj wmcg`gaj|d ydr qj ybmvd la ems|m
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
29/89
hqjcgdjmrgds lab @gjgs|argd la Ya|rbad grm}q ymrm lgscq|gr as|m yrdyqas|m aj Oagrq| aj ajard la ?991*39
As|d la`qas|rm xmrgms cmrms la qj `gs`d haj`ajd6 bm gj|ajsm mc|gxglml la cmogblad" ab rasymbld la bds
kdogarjds la As|mlds Qjglds w Krmj Ora|mm m sqs a`yrasms ajark|gcms w ab lgbdkd lgrac|d la as|ms
b|g`ms cdj ab @gjgs|argd lab Ya|rbad grm}q sdora bm raymr|gcgj la bds laraceds la auybd|mcgj* \dld
gjlgcmom }qa ab yrdcasd la mlfqlgcmcgj ahac|gxm`aj|a |d`mrm bqkmr aj ab sakqjld `mjlm|d la Oqse" cdj
qj kdogarjd sdoarmjd aj Grmn w qjm Baw la Eglrdcmroqrds myrdomlm*3=
Bm yqobgcmcgj la ldcq`aj|ds lgybd`|gcds
cdjhglajcgmbas mqs|rmbgmjds em raxabmld bm
yarcaycgj" gjcbqsd yradcqymcgj" cd`ymr|glm
ydr Cmjoarrm w ydr a`yrasms ya|rdbarms la asa
yms la }qa ab mccasd mb ya|rbad em }qalmld
kmrmj|gvmld w ras|rgjkgld yrg`drlgmb`aj|a m bds
aucbqsgxds w ydlardsds gj|arasas la bms cqm|rd
krmjlas*3?
Aj ab ?99?" ab au lgrac|dr la bm CGM w yrd`d|dr la bm gjxmsgj m Grmn" Fm`as [ddbsaw" bmjv qjm
mlxar|ajcgm cbmrm aj qjm lacbmrmcgj ydb`gcm6
Hrmjcgm w _qsgm ydsaaj cd`ymms ya|rdbarms aj Grmn* Laoarmj smoar }qa sg cdbmodrmj aj bm|rmjshdr`mcgj la Grmn emcgm qj kdogarjd lacaj|a" emra`ds jqas|rd `mwdr ashqarvd ymrm
msakqrmr }qa asa jqaxd kdogarjd w bms cd`ymms as|mldqjglajsas |rmomfaj as|racem`aj|a
KD_M
39
Bms yrqaoms sdora ab gj|ars la bms cqm|rd
krmjlas aj ab ya|rbad grm}q sdj cdj|qjlaj|as"
ms cd`d sq jgxab la cddrlgjmcgj a g`orgcmcgj
cdj bm ml`gjgs|rmcgj Oqse* Ydr bd |mj|d" bm
egy|asgs la smjkra ydr ya|rbad lm cqaj|m la
qjm cdjcra|m w ydlardsm auybgcmcgj sdora bm
bkgcm la bm kqarrm gjgcgmlm aj ?993*
39 \g` [aoo" Hdragkj Dhhgca Eabyal Sa| Qy Grm}g Dgb Lambs* M`omssmldr Ymssal _dml`my _aydr| |d Omkelml" \ea
Gjlayajlaj|" == la `mrvd la ?99;*3=
Sdora bm Baw la Eglrdcmroqrds grm}q xmsa Cmogja| _amlgas Grm}g Dgb hdr Yrgxm|gvm|gdj" Ybm|hdr`" ?; la haorard la ?99;"lgsydjgoba aj e||y6$${{{*cmrodj{ao*drk> w Al{mrl [djk" Grm}gs _amce mj Mccdrl dj Dgb _axajqas"Ja{ Wdrn \g`as" ?; la haorard
la ?99;* Laoa mcbmrmrsa }qa ab yrg`ar odrrmldr la bm Baw %?991' gjcbqm auybcg|m`aj|a bm raharajcgm m YSM" yard hqa cm`ogmlm aj ab
?99; ydrAuybdrm|gdj mjl _gsn Cdj|rmc|s%Cdj|rm|ds la Auybdrmcgj w _gaskd'" sgj mb|armr sq asajcgm*3?Fm`as Ymqb" Cdjhglaj|gmb Ldcq`aj| dj Grm} Dgb Bdoowgjk" Kbdomb Ydbgcw Hdrq`" =< la fqbgd la ?998* Aj fqjgd la ?99; ab
`gjgs|rd la Lahajsm mqs|rmbgmjd" Orajlmj Jabsdj" ml`g|g }qa bm rmvj yrgjcgymb la bm ymr|gcgymcgj w yrasajcgm la ="199 sdblmlds
jmcgdjmbas aj bm dcqymcgj la Grmn hqa bm la msakqrmr bms rasarxms ya|rdbarms" cd`aj|mrgd }qa ryglm`aj|a hqa las`aj|gld ydr ab
yrg`ar `gjgs|rd Fdej Ed{mrl w }qa gjgcg qj cmbqrdsd laom|a aj Cmjoarrm sdora bm rabmcgj cdj As|mlds Qjglds* Mqs|rmbgm Ems Grm}
Dgb Gj|aras|" OOC" 1 la fqbgd la ?99;* Aj rabmcgj cdj as|d" sa em sqkargld }qa ab mydwd m bm gjxmsgj hqa qjm hdr`m la hdr|mbacar bm
ydsgcgj la OEY Ogbbgj|djm bm edrm la racbm`mr ydr sqs laraceds cdj|rmc|qmbas sdora ab `akm-ydvd la Embhmwm*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
30/89
cdj bms sqwms* ^P Sg aj cm`ogd myqas|mj m Smllm`" sar `qw lghcgb" cmsg g`ydsgoba
yarsqmlgr mb jqaxd kdogarjd grm}q la }qa |rmomfa cdj abbms*33
Aj ahac|d" as smogld }qa cd`ymms la sakqjld drlaj gj|arjmcgdjmb" cd`d as ab cmsd la bm hrmjcasm \d|mb
Abh" bm mqs|rmbgmjm OEY Ogbbgj|djd bm rqsm Bqndgb" sa bg`g|mrdj m afarcar yrasgj lgybd`|gcm aj [msegjk|dj
w Bdjlras aj ?99< ymrm msakqrmr sq ymr|gcgymcgj aj bds yrdwac|ds }qa emomj jakdcgmld cdj Eqssagj*3 as lacgr" bm }qa xgxa %cd`d gjdrm dyrg`glm' aj \qr}qm"
Sgrgm a Grj*
Sqjjg|ms w ceg|ms emj mcay|mld wm as|m saymrmcgj la hmc|d" mb gkqmb }qa ab kdogarjd lab yrasglaj|a
Kadrka [* Oqse* Bds nqrlds la Grmn sdj bds jgcds }qa racgogardj m bms |rdyms la dcqymcgj cd`d
erdas* Bds yarse`arkm" bm `gbgcgm nqrlm" sdj bm yrgjcgymb hqarvm mr`mlm aj bm vdjm w emj cd`om|gld
bamb`aj|a mb bmld la bms |rdyms as|mldqjglajsas lasla ab gjgcgd la bm gjxmsgj* M}q" bm omjlarm dhgcgmb la
Grmn as| yrdegoglm w jd emw dhgcgjms lab kdogarjd caj|rmb* Bds nqrlds |gajaj sq yrdygm omjlarm a eg`jd*
Bm ydobmcgj nqrlm xd|" cmsg qjjg`a`aj|a" ydr bm gjlayajlajcgm aj qj raharjlq` gjhdr`mb rambgvmld
aj ajard la ?991*
Yard [msegjk|dj jd rasymblm bm saymrmcgj lab jdr|a nqrld" ydr}qa mbaj|mrm las`a`orm gaj|ds
sg`gbmras aj Sgrgm" \qr}qm a Grj" yrdxdcmjld mj `mwdr gjas|mogbglml aj qjm rakgj la ydr s auybdsgxm*
Ab YQN w ab NLY? |gajaj `qw cbmrm bm yds|qrm as|mldqjglajsa" ydr bd }qa drgaj|mj bds lasads
EMC GM B M A S\ MO GB GV MC G J L A G_MN4
33
? Bm Qjgj Ym|rgd|m lab Nqrlgs|j w ab Ymr|gld Nqrld La`dcr|gcd sdj bds yrgjcgymbas ymr|glds ydb|gcds aj ab Nqrlgs|j grm}q*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
33/89
gjlayajlaj|gs|ms la bm ydobmcgj nqrlm emcgm ab |arrajd jd-gjlayajlaj|gs|m la qjm `mwdr mq|djd`m
laj|rd la qj as|mld halarmb*3
Ab jdr|a la Grmnjd as Grmn* Cqaj|m cdj qj rkg`aj ydb|gcd as|moba w qjm acdjd`m yrsyarm"
sds|ajglm ydr bm gjlqs|rgm ya|rdbarm w bms gjxarsgdjas |qrcms* Jd emw dcqymcgj aj as|m vdjm> ydr bd `gs`d"
jd emw rasgs|ajcgm mr`mlm %aj bm hgkqrm = sa dosarxm }qa yrc|gcm`aj|a jd emw omfms as|mldqjglajsas aj ab
jdr|a'* M}q sa cq`ybg ab dofa|gxd la bm Cmsm Obmjcm6 qj rkg`aj mhj* Ms emw }qa lacgrbd" ms emw }qa
aj|ajlarbd*
KD_M
3 mqj}qa
doxgm`aj|a wm jd sa cdjxar|gr aj qj |rgqjhd*
Aj rasq`aj" [msegjk|dj w sqs mbgmlds mj jd as|j mcdrrmbmlds w sgj smbglm* Grmn jd as Xga|jm`
w as|m`ds dobgkmlds m aj|ajlar bms cdj|rmlgccgdjas la bm mc|qmb sg|qmcgj sgj cmar aj bds cbgces* Bm
gv}qgarlm `qjlgmb laoa myrajlar m emcar mjbgsgs ydb|gcds }qa sqyaraj |mj|d bms cd`ymrmcgdjas sajcgbbms
cd`d bms yrg`arms g`kajas }qa cdjs|rqwa ab saj|gld cd`j*
KD_M
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
42/89
BM CMBGK_MHM_MOA
Fds Bqgs Byav Emogo&
Bm cmbgkrmhm mrogkm as" ydr lahgjgcgj" bm `s
rmoa la |dlms bms mr|as ybs|gcms gsb`gcms*
\g|qs Oqrnemrl|
BM CMBGK_MHM _MOA as bm sj|asgs la bms mr|as la as|m cqb|qrm* M bd bmrkd la sq egs|drgm w lasla
bm raxabmcgj cdrjgcm" bm ymbmorm em sgld cqb|gxmlm cdj m`drdsd cqglmld> ms" bm cmbgkrmhm as qj
mr|a }qa jmcg oabbd* Aj rmoa sa lajd`gjm ab mr|a la bm bjam" hmj ab nem|" ydr}qa bds |rmvds
cmbgkrhgcds fqakmj cdj ab dfd w a`oabbacaj sq asymcgd" aumb|mjld bm kbdrgm la Lgds" ab cramldr la
|dlms bms cdsms" ydr `algd la bm ymbmorm* Bm rambglml xaromb sga`yra acbgys m bm xgsgj as||gcm*
Jmlm afa`ybghgcm |mj|d ab saj|gld as||gcd la bds yqaobds qsqb`mjas cd`d sq cmbgkrmhm* Bd }qa
`s sdryrajla la bm cmbgkrmhm rmoa as bm xgkajcgm la sqs `b|gybas as|gbds" jmcglds aj lgharaj|as
yargdlds" m bds }qa sa racqrra layajlgajld la bm jm|qrmbavm w aj|drjd la bds |au|ds*
As|a cmrc|ar qb|ghdr`a la bm cmbgkrmhm rmoa |gaj|m m cd`ymrmrbm cdj bm cmbgkrmhm cegjm"
d|rm `mjghas|mcgj lab mr|a la bm ascrg|qrm* Ydla`ds" aj yrgjcgygd" dosarxmr lds cdsms axglaj|as*
Qjm sa lgoqfm cdj ygjcab" bm d|rm cdj ab cbm`d* Bm ascrg|qrm cegjm as ygc|dkrhgcm" cmlm sgkjd as
qjm glam lgharajcgmlm" `gaj|rms bm ascrg|qrm rmoa as yqrm`aj|a hdj|gcm> ms" bm as|gbgvmcgj la bms
ba|rms rmoas as mos|rmc|m" sgj jgjkqjm rmv hgkqrm|gxm* Aj bm cmbgkrmhm rmoa jd sa |gajla m mymr|mr
cmlm sgkjd" sgjd }qa sa gj|akrmj aj qj rg|`d cdj|gjqd> sq ajcmj|d rmlgcm aj cd`ogjmr bds rmskds
lgs|gj|gxds la bds cmrmc|aras cdj bm hbqglav lab |dld*
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Bds cmrmc|aras cegjds sa lasldobmj xar|gcmb`aj|a" la mrrgom emcgm momfd" cd`d sg
lascajlgarmj lab cgabd* Bm cmbgkrmhm rmoa yrdcala edrgvdj|mb`aj|a" aj ab ybmjd lab laxajgr"
a`yavmjld la bm laracem" ydr ldjla xm ab Sadr" w lgrgkgjldsa m bm gv}qgarlm" ab bqkmr lab
cdrmvj> cdjlqca la bm mccgj m bm rahbaugj" myraeajlar ab qjld lab au|argdr mb gj|argdr*
Ab |rmvd la bm cmbgkrmhm as djlqbmj|a"
xmrgmoba cd`d bm xglm gs`m> gaj|rms }qa ab
ybmjd xar|gcmb rayrasaj|m bd gjm`dxgoba" bd
gjmybmvmoba" ab yrdygd laxajgr lab |ga`yd"
sga`yra qjd" cdjs|mj|a" ab `gs`d* Ab |rmvd xar|gcmb qja mb mhgr`mr bm asajcgm w ab edrgvdj|mb
lgxgla mb auymjlgrsa m bm `qb|gybgcglml* Bm ascrg|qrm as cramcgj w racramcgj* Bm ymbmorm rmoa as
qjm ymbmorm xgxm" aj dxg`gaj|d" aj cdjsdjmjcgm cdj ab qjgxarsd }qa ajqjcgm* Ab mr|a la bm bjam
jd as a`oabbacar bm ba|rm" sgjd emcar la bm bjam qj mr|a* Asa egbd }qa racdrra ab qjld aj|ard" cd`d
qjm `mlafm gj|ar`gjmoba" ab cmbkrmhd bd |d`m cdj sq cbm`d w ybms`m aj ab ymyab bm `s gjsbg|m
oabbavm* As qj egbd hgjd" la `b|gybas cdbdras w |au|qrms" }qa ab cmbkrmhd |d`m cdj ab cqglmld la
qj mr|asmjd w xm" m`drdsm`aj|a" fmbmjld qjm w d|rm xav" mrrgom w momfd* La asm bjam sa sqkgaraj
hdr`ms6 mymracaj dj|mms w cgqlmlas" rodbas" rds" yfmrds" w s |mrla" ab sar eq`mjd* As qjm
kqm }qa lgxgla bd }qa as| mrrgom la bd }qa as| momfd" bd dcqb|d la bd axglaj|a*
Bds as|gbds cmbgkrhgcds |gajaj lds
raharaj|as yrg`mrgds* Ab nhgcd" bbm`mld ms
ydr}qa yrdcala la bm cgqlml la Nqhm" aj Grm}"
qj g`ydr|mj|a caj|rd cqb|qrmb aj bm ydcm
mooms" sa cmrmc|argvm ydr sqs krqasds |rmvds kad`|rgcds* As|a as|gbd" a`ybamld hqjlm aj|mb`aj|a ymrm bm
cmbgkrmhm lab Cdrj" cd`ogjm qjm krmj aumc|g|ql la |rmvds cdj qj xarlmlard m`dr ydr bm sj|asgs
kad`|rgcm" ydr bd }qa as qj ydcd lghcgb la baar* Ab as|gbd jmsneg" aj cdj|rms|a" as bgkard w asoab|d" cdj
hdr`ms xmrgmlms la hbqglav* Mb |rmvd krqasd la bm bjam bd cdr|mj sdora ab rajkbj lgaj|as" ygcds" abaxmcgdjas
w rgvds bd }qa ba lm qjm cqmbglml ybs|gcm axglaj|a*
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Bm xglm lab `qsqb`j as| bbajm la hdr`qbms rabgkgdsms" lasla sq jmcg`gaj|d ems|m sq
`qar|a* Cqmjld qj `qsqb`j jmca" sq ymlra ba `qsg|m mb dld bm hdr`qbm la yrdhasgj la ha" w
cqmjld as| aj |rmjca la `qar|a |m`ogj bd lgcaj ydr b* _asqb|m hcgb racdjdcar as|ms hr`qbms"
cd`d ymr|a la bm cd|glgmjglml" ydr `s mldrjmlm }qa sam bm cmbgkrmhm* Ab |rmomfd as racdjdcar bm
hr`qbm" bm ba|mjm" w laskrmjmr la me |dlm bm saj|ajcgm" cd`d }qgaj mjlm qj cm`gjd cdjdcgld
aj bm dscqrglml* Jd sa |rm|m la baar" sa |rm|m la racdjdcar*
Augs|a ymrm bm cmbgkrmhm qj cmjdj" qjm
`alglm" omsmld aj ab gjs|rq`aj|d la ascrg|qrm"
ab cbm`d" eaced la cmm cdj qjm yqj|m aj
lgmkdjmb* Ab mjced lab au|ra`d `mrcm bm
qjglml* Ab mbgh" ba|rm la |rmvd rac|d" yrg`arm lab
mbhmoa|d" sa |rmvm la mrrgom emcgm momfd" cdj qjm
bdjkg|ql la sga|a xacas bm yqj|m lab cbm`d* La
me smba ab ym|rj ymrm bms d|rms ba|rms* Edrgvdj|mb aj|a" ab raharaj|a as bmwg`" }qa gla |m`ogj sga|a
yqj|ds" |rmvmlds laj|rd la qj crcqbd* As|a ym|rj hqa yrdyqas|d ydr Goj @q}bm} aj ab sgkbd GU*
M lgharajcgm la bds mbhmoa|ds cegjd w bm|gjd" |m`ogj la drgkaj `qw mj|gkqd" as|a mbhmoa|d
as `qw qsmld aj |dlds bds ymsas rmoas w d|rds yqaobds `qsqb`mjas" ydr}qa as aj as|m bajkqm
w cdj as|m krmhm }qa ab qsqb`j laoa emcar sq drmcgj cgjcd xacas mb lm* Aj cdjsacqajcgm"
augs|aj `qceds as|gbds cmbgkrhgcds> `s la 89* \dlds cdjxgxaj sg`qb|jam`aj|a w jgjkqjd cma
aj lasqsd" mqj}qa qjds sdj `s ydyqbmras }qa d|rds* As|" ydr afa`ybd" ab as|gbd |eqbq|eg" qj |rmvd
abakmj|a w labgcmld" cd`j aj bm xglm cd|glgmjm ymrm cmr|ms w myqj|as> |m`ogj ab lg{mjg" qj oabbd
as|gbd cmbgkrhgcd }qa sqrkg aj bm cdr|a d|d`mjm" a`ybamld ymrm ||qbds w
ydr|mlms la bgords w cd`d aba`aj|d lacdrm|gxd aj bm mr}qg|ac|qrm gsb`gcm*
Bm ascrg|qrm rmoa as `s }qa sbd a`oabbacar bm ba|rm> as |rmjshdr`mr ab xmcd" racramr bm
hdr`m* Sq hgkqrm cdj`qaxa ydr gkqmb m |dlm mb`m eq`mjm" yqas sq ybs|gcm cdj|gaja bm
abdcqajcgm la qjm bajkqm `gbajmrgm*
BM C MB GK _M H M _M OA
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45/89
MS\_DJQ\GCM @QSQB@MJM
AUGS\A OGLMEHQA_M LA BM\GA__M4
Fds _mhmab @mr|jav Kmrcm&
MB _AXGSM_ BM HD_@M CD@D BM D_MCGJ %smbm|' em sgld mlmy|mlm m qjm sg|qmcgj cdj|a`ydrjam"
as|a ajsmwd raymsm qj mj|gkqd lgba`m `qsqb`j6 yqala ab Gsbm` ajhraj|mr mb yrasaj|a w hq|qrd
sgj jacasglml la gjcqrrgr aj gjjdxmcgj %oglme'4
Cd`d `qsqb`mjas" bds hgabas as|j dobgkmlds m cq`ybgr cdj cgjcd yrgjcgygds
hqjlm`aj|mbas" aj|ra bds }qa sa cqaj|m bm yrc|gcm lab smbm|q drmcgj rg|qmb*= Lqrmj|a cgjcd
`d`aj|ds lgharaj|as lab lm" mla`s la rambgvmr qjm sarga la rg|qmbas }qa gjcbqwaj bm racg|mcgj
la hr`qbms la gjxdcmcgj ms cd`d `dxg`gaj|ds cdrydrmbas lgrgkglds m Bm @acm" ymrm ab
`qsqb`j" bm yrc|gcm lab smbm| g`ybgcm |m`ogj ab rahrajld la sq sq`gsgj m Mbbme w sq
cd`yrd`gsd cdj bm q``me%cd`qjglml qsqb`mjm'*
Mla`s la dobgkmcgdjas" sgj a`omrkd" bds `qsqb`mjas ajhraj|mj |m`ogj cgar|ms
yrdegogcgdjas" aj|ra bms }qa las|mcm bm oglme* Edw ea yarhaccgdjmld sq rabgkgj ymrm qs|alas %'
w ea abakgld mb Gsbm` cd`d sq rabgkgj*? Gjjdxmr d oglme" aj ahac|d" sgkjghgcm }qa qj
Ab Sm{` %mwqjd' w ab Emlf
%yarakrgjmcgj m Bm @acm'*?Ab Smkrmld Cdrj $ \au|d rmoa" xarsgj cms|abbmjm w cd`aj|mrgd" Bmedra" Me`mlgwwme Mjfq`mj" =758" 361*
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`qsqb`j yra|ajlarm afdrmr bd }qa Mbbme |rmjs`g|g m @qem``ml* Aj ab Gsbm`" oglmegjcbqwa
|mj|d bm `dlghgcmcgj cd`d bm gjxajcgj aj ab rg|qmb w bm yrc|gcm*3
Aj morgb la ?998" qj krqyd la asyacgmbgs|ms aj |a`ms gsb`gcds sa raqjg aj @mbmsgm ymrm
lgscq|gr sdora bm hdr`m cd`d qj ms|rdjmq|m qsqb`j yqala cq`ybgr cdj bm yrc|gcm la sq ha aj
krmxalml card*< Aj|ra d|rms cdsms" sa lgc|m gj }qa" as|mjld aj ab asymcgd" bds ms|rdjmq|ms
`qsqb`mjas jd as|j dobgkmlds m rambgvmr bms kajqhbaugdjas jg m lgrgkgr sq drmcgj m Bm @acm
lqrmj|a bm yrc|gcm lab smbm| cd`d ab ras|d la bm q``me* Aj cmsd jacasmrgd" mkrakmrdj bds
asyacgmbgs|ms gsb`gcds" bds ms|rdjmq|ms `qsqb`mjas yqalaj sqs|g|qgr ab smbm|cdj qjm sg`yba
drmcgj sgbajcgdsm*1
Sakj Ymrngj" aj bm yrc|gcm lab smbm|" bds
`qsqb`mjas yqalaj sar dr|dlduds d `s|gcds
%ea|ardlduds'* Bds yrg`ards sdj m}qabbds laxd|ds
}qa yarcgoaj bm augs|ajcgm la qjm oracem
dj|dbkgcm gjhrmj}qamoba aj|ra abbds cd`d eq`mjds
w Mbbme*8 Bds ea|ardlduds" ydr sq ymr|a" sdj }qgajas sqydjaj }qa bm lgxgjglml sa ajcqaj|rm
laj|rd la abbds gs`ds w }qa mb yrmc|gcmr ab smbm|auyrasmj w rahqarvmj bm qjgcglml dj|dbkgcm cdj
ab Mosdbq|d }qa as Mbbme*;
\mj|d dr|dlduds cd`d ea|ardldud cdgjcglaj aj }qa" `algmj|a bm yrc|gcm lab smbm|"
m`ods rahrajlmj sq mleasgj mb Gsbm`* Bm lgharajcgm sa ajcqaj|rm aj bm hdr`m cd`d
cdjcgoaj sq rabmcgj rg|qmb" algmj|a bm yrc|gcm lab smbm|" jd cdj Mbbme" sgjd cdj bm q``me*5 Sakj
MS \ _D J Q\ G C M @ Q S QB @ MJ M
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Edcmr| ab rg|qmb as qjm ybakmrgm ymrm yalgr bm xglm> yard sa |rm|m %|m`ogj' la qjm ybakmrgm
cdbac|gxm*7 Aj ab asymcgd" bds ms|rdjmq|ms qsqb`mjas as|mobacaj qj xjcqbd lasrg|qmbgvmldcdj
Mbbme* As lacgr" mb as|mr auaj|ds lab cq`ybg`gaj|d rg|qmb cdjxajcgdjmb" bds ms|rdjmq|ms
`qsqb`mjas yarsdjmbgvmj ab cqb|d mb as|mobacar qj `algd %yrdygd' la cd`qjgcmcgj w
raxabmcgj la bd }qa as| dcqb|d*=9
Ab drgkaj la bm lgxarkajcgm rg|qmb aj ab
gsbm` cdj|a`ydrjad" afa`ybghgcmlm cdj bds
ms|rdjmq|ms `qsqb`mjas" ajcqaj|rm sq drgkaj aj
ab d|drkm`gaj|d la sqyra`mcm mb gjlgxglqd
sdora bm cd`qjglml* La sar drgkgjmb`aj|acd`qjmb" bm yrc|gcm cdj|a`ydrjam lab smbm|em
ymsmld m qj ybmjd yrgxmld" gjcbqsd
gjlgxglqmbgvmld> cdj omsa aj as|d" bds rg|ds cd`qjmbas |gajlaj m sar rambgvmlds bafds la bms
`av}qg|ms* Bm yrc|gcm cdj|a`ydrjam lab smbm|g`ybgcm qjm mlmy|mcgj la |rmlgcgj rg|qmb" ydr
|mj|d" oglme*
La sar qjm emvmm |acjdbkgcm" bm ms|rdjq|gcm `qsqb`mjm sa em cdjxar|gld aj qj
asymcgd la cqas|gdjm`gaj|d la bm cds`dkdjm gsb`gcm6 aj krmxalml card" as bm rabgkgj
mq|jd`m lab rg|d4 La mcqarld m bd m}q auyqas|d" s* Cdj as|m lacgsgj ab Gsbm`
grra`algmoba`aj|a as| gjjdxmjld* As|m gjjdxmcgj jd mb|arm dj|dbkgcm`aj|a bm rabmcgj lab
`qsqb`j cdj Mbbme" yard s cdj bm q``me* Cdj omsa aj bd mj|argdr ydla`ds cdjcbqgr }qa" sg ogaj
bm afacqcgj jd dr|dldum la bds rg|qmbas jd m|aj|m cdj|rm ab cmrc|ar gjlgxglqmb lab `qsqb`j" aj
ab Gsbm`" cqmb}qgar ymr|gcqbmrgs`drg|qmb" mla`s la mb|armr bm rabmcgj lab hgab cdj ab ras|d la bm
cd`qjglml qsqb`mjm" g`ybgcm oglme*
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48/89
BM CGXGBGVMCGJ SJGCM6
QJM CD@QJGLML G@MKGJMLM AJ LASM__DBBD
Hrmjcgscd Mj|djgd Mbhdjsd&
LQ_MJ\A BM SAKQJLM @G\ML LAB SGKBD UU" bds yrdwac|ds la cbmsghgcmcgj la bds yqaobds laj|rd la bms
hrdj|arms la Xga|jm`" \mgbmjlgm w Cegjm `ds|rmrdj c`d mbkqjds krqyds la as|ds ymsas jd sa saj|mj
lab |dld glaj|ghgcmlds cdj sqs rasyac|gxms jmcgdjas* Ms" bds as|qlgds egcgardj ym|aj|a mbkd cdj
g`ydr|mjcgm egs|rgcm aj bm rakgj6 bm augs|ajcgm la qj saj|g`gaj|d la yar|ajajcgm |rmjshrdj|argvd*= Aj bm
mc|qmbglml" bms cdgjcglajcgms aj bms cds|q`oras" bm bajkqm w bm rmvm" mqjmlms m bds egs|rgcds
lasybmvm`gaj|ds eq`mjds aj bm rakgj" sqormwmj bm yacqbgmrglml aj bms lahgjgcgdjas la jmcgj cegjm"
cdramjm" |mgbmjlasm w xga|jm`g|m* Jd dos|mj|a" cdj ab lasybgakqa acdj`gcd la Cegjm" bm glaj|ghgcmcgj
|rmlgcgdjmb cdj qj As|mld caj|rmb ydlardsd ydr ymr|a la bds As|mlds `s logbas la as|m vdjm
kadkrhgcm as| rasqrkgajld* Aj as|a ajsmwd mrkq`aj|mr c`d ab mc|qmb cracg`gaj|d acdj`gcd cegjd
ym|rdcgjmr bm |ajlajcgm m qj saj|g`gaj|d la yar|ajajcgm aj|ra bds As|mlds la Cegjm" Cdram" Xga|jm` w
\mgbmjlgm> mjmbgvmr bm glam la qjm cgxgbgvmcgj sjgcm cdj Cegjm cd`d ab As|mld caj|rmb*
AB C_ACG@GAJ\D ACDJ@GCD CEGJD W SQ _ABMCGJ CDJ BDS YMSAS LA GJHBQAJCGM SJGCM
Bms sacqabms la bms rahdr`ms acdj`gcms cegjms rambgvmlms ydr Lajk Ugmdygjk aj =7;7 emj sdryrajlgldm |dld ab `qjld6 m `s la |ragj|m mds la sq mybgcmcgj" Cegjm em ymsmld la sar qj as|mld ydora w
layajlgaj|a m qjd cdj g`ydr|mjcgm ydb|gcm rakgdjmb a gjhbqwaj|a aj bm acdjd`m `qjlgmb* Sgj lqlm" ab
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lasmrrdbbd la Cegjm sa xgjcqbm cdj bds lasgkjgds la bm acdjd`m `qjlgmb" yard ab ug|d lab yms" aj oqajm
`alglm" sa em bdkrmld m ymr|gr la bm gj|armccgj cd`arcgmb aj bm rakgj*
Md cdj md ab jgxab la gj|arcm`ogd cd`arcgmb aj|ra Cegjm w bds ymsas la bm Msdcgmcgj la
Jmcgdjas lab Sqras|a Msg|gcd %MSAMJ' em mq`aj|mld* Bm lgj`gcm rakgdjmb" largxmlm la as|a yrdcasd la
gj|arcm`ogds"? sa cmrmc|argvm ydr bm krmj cmj|glml la mcqarlds as|mobacglds aj|ra bds kdogarjds la bm vdjm"
cd`d ab |rm|mld la bgora cd`arcgd w ab mcqarld la cddyarmcgj rakgdjmb aj|ra Cegjm w bm MSAMJ*
Ab oajahgcgd cd`arcgmb `q|qd aj|ra Cegjm w bds ymsas la bm rakgj as| lmld ydr qjm rabmcgj la
cd`yba`aj|mrgalml* Cegjm dhraca qj g`ydr|mj|a `arcmld ymrm bds yrdlqc|ds la bds ymsas la bm MSAMJ
w as|ds" m sq xav" cdjs|g|qwaj qjm hqaj|a la racqrsds eq`mjds w jm|qrmbas sqs|mjcgmb ymrm bm yrd`dcgj la
sq lasmrrdbbd acdj`gcd* Ab cd`arcgd rakgdjmb mbcmjv aj ab md ?998 qj xmbdr la =?9"999 `gbbdjas la
lbmras" gkqmbmjld ab cd`arcgd la Cegjm cdj bds As|mlds Qjglds* 3
M rmv lab cracg`gaj|d acdj`gcd sds|ajgld la bds b|g ds mds" bm la`mjlm w bm dhar|m la
yrdlqc|ds w sarxgcgds ydr ymr|a la Cegjm emj lgjm`gvmld m bm vdjm lab sqras|a msg|gcd* Bm gj|armccgj em
sgld `s hqar|a cdjhdr`a bm carcmjm cqb|qrmb aj|ra bds ymsas as `s as|racem* Asymcgmb`aj|a" Cegjm"
Cdram" \mgbmjlgm w Xga|jm` emj hd`aj|mld yrdwac|ds cdjfqj|ds g`ydr|mj|as" lafmjld m|rs mbkqjms
lgharajcgms ydb|gcms" cd`d bm gj|arxajcgj cegjm aj bm ymr|gcgj la Xga|jm` w Cdram aj ab sgkbd ymsmld*
Aj \mgbmjlgm" ydr afa`ybd" bm cdjs|rqccgj la qj dbadlqc|d aj bm ymr|a sqr lab yms cdj lgraccgjm Cegjm em mcarcmld m bds kdogarjds w yar`g|gld qj gj|arcm`ogd la |acjdbdkm w racqrsds aj|ra m`ods
ymsas* Cdj Cdram lab Sqr bm yar`q|m la gjxarsgdjas sa em gjcra`aj|mld la `mjarm xar|gkgjdsm* @qcems
a`yrasms cdramjms emj aj|ajlgld `qw ogaj c`d dyarmr aj ab gjkaj|a `arcmld cegjd w c`d q|gbgvmr bds
omrm|ds gjsq`ds la sqs ed`bdkms ymrm gj|armc|qmr aj ab `arcmld kbdomb* Ydr sq ymr|a" Cdram lab Jdr|a
em yar`g|gld bm gjxarsgj au|rmjfarm cegjm" em sqhrmkmld krmjlas cmj|glmlas la ya|rbad w em cddyarmld
cdj Cegjm aj `m|argm la ajarkm jqcbamr" bd cqmb em hdr|mbacgld bm m`gs|ml aj|ra bms lds jmcgdjas w em
ralqcgld ab lgs|mjcgm`gaj|d aj|ra bms lds Cdrams `algmj|a bm gj|arbdcqcgj cegjm*
Aj Xga|jm`" bms lgharajcgms gladbkgcms cd`qjgs|ms emj lmld ymsd m gj`ajsms hqaj|as la
|rgmjkqbmcgj cd`arcgmb aj|ra bds lds ymsas m jgxab gj|arjmcgdjmb* \m`ogj ab hbqfd `gkrm|drgd cegjd
19
KD_M
? Xmsa ab mjaud cdj bds cqmlrds cd`ymrm|gxds la gj|arcm`ogd cd`arcgmb cegjd ydr rakgdjas lqrmj|a bm
yrg`arm `g|ml la ?99;*3\al C* Hgse`mj %al*'" Cegjm S*M*6 c`d bm jqaxm yd|ajcgm glqs|rgmb lasmhm mb `qjld" @ugcd" Mrajm Mogar|m" ?998" y* 377*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
50/89
emcgm Xga|jm` lqrmj|a ab sgkbd ymsmld em gjcra`aj|mld bm carcmjm aj|ra bds krqyds |jgcds la m`ods
ymsas* Bds cegjds la Xga|jm` sa emj cdjsdbglmld cd`d krqyd aj ab yms w cdjs|g|qwaj qjm hqaj|a la
gjxarsgdjas aj lgxarsms cgqlmlas la bm cds|m sqr cegjm*
BDS ABA@AJ\DS LA GLAJ\GHGCMCGJ CQB\Q_MB W BM CDDYA_MCGJ ACDJ@GCM
Bm gj|armccgj acdj`gcm la as|ds ymsas yqala sar aj|ajlglm sg`yba`aj|a cd`d rasqb|mld la bm carcmjm
kadkrhgcm* Jd dos|mj|a" bds msyac|ds cqb|qrmbas a egs|rgcds sqowmcaj|as aj as|m rabmcgj g`yglaj mhgr`mr
|mb ralqccgdjgs`d sdora ab mqka acdj`gcd cegjd w sq gj|armccgj cdj bds ymsas la bm vdjm sjgcm* Ymrm
bds msg|gcds drgaj|mbas" ab ug|d acdj`gcd la bm rakgj as la hdr`m ymr|gcqbmr ab rasqb|mld la bm
gjsgs|ajcgm cqb|qrmb msg|gcd-drgaj|mb aj bm cdbac|gxglml `s }qa aj ab gjlgxglqd* < Sakj as|m mhgr`mcgj"
sa yqala gjhargr bm yrasajcgm la qjm eqabbm egs|rgcm la yar|ajajcgm" }qa hmcgbg|m bm jakdcgmcgj cd`arcgmb*
Bds xmbdras lab sgs|a`m la yajsm`gaj|d cdjhqcgmjd sdj qj rasmogd `gbajmrgd aj |dlm bm rakgj*
Ab rasya|d m bm hm`gbgm farr}qgcm w m bms aj|glmlas sdcgmbas `mwdras cd`d ab As|mld jd as" la jgjkj dld"
qjm cdjhdr`mcgj asydj|jam %bms a`yrasms cdramjms mhrdj|mj cdj krmj hmcgbglml bms cmrajcgms bakmbas la
bms a`yrasms cegjms `algmj|a mrrakbds la cdjhgmjvm" m lgharajcgm la bds cdjkbd`armlds aqrdyads w
as|mldqjglajsas'*
Bm carcmjm bgjks|gcm aj bds glgd`ms laas|ds ymsas cdjs|g|qwa d|rd aba`aj|d ymrm auybgcmr
bm cddyarmcgj acdj`gcm* Bms bajkqms la
\mgbmjlgm" Xga|jm` w Cdram |gajaj qjm rmv
yrg`mrgm aj ab cegjd w bms `gkrmcgdjas emj
ajrg}qacgld bds glgd`ms cdj `qcems ymbmorms
gj|abgkgobas aj|ra abbds* As|d rahbafm qjm auyrasgj
sgj|c|gcm sa`afmj|a aj|ra bds emobmj|as la asds
glgd`ms w qjm gj|aryra|mcgj lab lgscqrsd `qw
carcmjm*
1=
BM C G XG B GV MC G J S J G CM
< Sm`qab Y* Eqj|gjk|dj"Ab ced}qa la cgxgbgvmcgdjas w bm racdjhgkqrmcgj lab drlaj `qjlgmb" @ugcd" Ymgls" =77;" y* =?5*
Bm gj|armccgj acdj`gcm la as|ds ymsas yqala
sar aj|ajlglm sg`yba`aj|a cd`d rasqb|mld la
bm carcmjm kadkrhgcm* Jd dos|mj|a" bds
msyac|ds cqb|qrmbas a egs|rgcds sqowmcaj|as aj
as|m rabmcgj g`yglaj mhgr`mr |mb
ralqccgdjgs`d sdora ab mqka acdj`gcd cegjd w
sq gj|armccgj cdj bds ymsas la bm vdjm sjgcm*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
51/89
Hgjmb`aj|a" bds gjjq`armobas mcqarlds aj|ra a`yrasmrgds w kdoarjmj|as la bds cqm|rd ymsas sdj
hrq|d la bm cd`dlglml la |rm|mr cdj yarsdjms ymracglms hsgcm`aj|a* Bm glaj|ghgcmcgj rmcgmb laj|rd bm vdjm
kadkrhgcm largxm lab sgkqgaj|a eaced6 bm xmrgalml la krqyds |jgcds aj bm rakgj jd sgkjghgcm qjm
ybqrmbglml hsgcm ramb aj bds yqaobds w |mj sbd as qjm ascqa|m la|ar`gjmcgj ydb|gcm la racgaj|a cramcgj*
Bms hmcgbglmlas la jakdcgmcgj a`mjmj la bm lascrgycgj la bds a`gkrmj|as cegjds aj bm vdjm cd`d
yar|ajacgaj|as m bm Vedjkeqm%cd`qjglml cqb|qrmb cegjm'"1 }qa racmbcm cgar|m glaj|ghgcmcgj rmcgmb `s mbb
la bm jmcgj*
AB LASM__DBBD LA BM GLAM LA QJM CGXGBGVMCGJ SJGCM
Mb rasyac|d la bm glam la qjm cgxgbgvmcgj sjgcm rasmb|m ab sgkqgaj|a sqyqas|d6 |dlms bms cd`qjglmlas
`mwdras }qa bms mblams yrg`drlgmbas la cdj|mc|d lgrac|d %w }qgvs gjcbqsd s|ms' sdj g`mkgjmlms> bms
cd`qjglmlas jd laoaj lgs|gjkqgrsa ydr sq hmbsalml d bakg|g`glml" sgjd ydr ab as|gbd cdj ab }qa sdj
g`mkgjmlms* 8 Sa |rm|m la qj aj|a sdcgmb }qa |d`mr bm hdr`m la cd`qjglml aj |mj|d sqs gj|akrmj|as
|ajkmj qjm g`mkaj `aj|mb la sq cd`qjgj*
Krmlqmb`aj|a" ab cracgaj|a gj|arcm`ogd acdj`gcd em cdjcra|gvmld as|m ahgkga aj bm vdjm sjgcm*
Bms `gkrmcgdjas" bm gjhdr`mcgj `alg|gcm w ab gj|arcm`ogd la yrdlqc|ds" sq`mlds m bm auymjsgj
`arcmj|gb cegjm" sdj ab `algd mlacqmld ymrm `mkjghgcmr bms cdjs|rqccgdjas g`mkgjmrgms la yar|ajajcgm ajqjm cd`qjglml }qa xm `s mbb la bms aj|glmlas jmcgdjmbas*
Cd`d ab |r`gjd cd`qjglml bd rahgara" as gjjacasmrgd yajsmr aj qj cqaryd ydb|gcd ymrm bm
cdjcaycgj la qjm cgxgbgvmcgj sjgcm* Sgj a`omrkd" cd`d mkaj|a yrd`d|dr la |mb cramcgj g`mkgjmrgm"
Cegjm ydlrm sar cdjsglarmlm cd`d As|mld caj|rmb la as|m cgxgbgvmcgj* Bm egs|drgm" cqb|qrm" |rmlgcgdjas"
|m`md w lgjm`gs`d acdj`gcd sdj hmc|dras }qa g`yqbsmj ab bglarmvkd cegjd la bm cd`qjglml aj
hdr`mcgj*
1?
KD_M
1 S|ayemj Haqce|{mjk" /\ea Cegjasa _mca-Jm|gdj/" Mj|erdydbdkw\dlmw" =773" j`*=" y* =1*
8 Oajalgc| Mjlarsdj" Cd`qjglmlas g`mkgjmlms6 _ahbaugdjas sdora ab drgkaj w bm lghqsgj lab jmcgdjmbgs`d" @ugcd" HCA" ?99;" y* ?
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
52/89
CDJCBQSGJ
Xmrgds sgkbds la yraydjlarmjcgm cegjm sdora krmj ymr|a lab sqlas|a msg|gcd lafmrdj qjm gjhbqajcgm
g`ydr|mj|a aj bms cds|q`oras" bm bajkqm w bms rmvms la lgxarsms sdcgalmlas* Bm saymrmcgj mrog|rmrgm aj
jmcgdjas xga|jm`g|m" cegjm" cdramjm w |mgbmjlasm jd em ydlgld bg`g|mr ab saj|gld la yar|ajajcgm la bds
gjlgxglqds la asds As|mlds m qjm cd`qjglml `s krmjla*
Cdj ab mqka acdj`gcd la Cegjm" bm cddyarmcgj rakgdjmb raxgxg asa saj|gld la glaj|glml
cd`qjmb* Mla`s" sq mydkad hqjka cd`d cm|mbgvmldr ymrm bm aumb|mcgj la bds xmbdras cd`qjas laj|rd la
bds cqm|rd ymsas6 yrqaom cdj|qjlaj|a la as|d as ab krmj gj|arcm`ogd cd`arcgmb aj bm vdjm" yrdlqc|d la
qj aj|ajlg`gaj|d sg`gbmr la bm rambglml*
Lm cdj lm bm glam la qjm cgxgbgvmcgj sjgcm cdorm `mwdr g`ydr|mjcgm* Bm glaj|ghgcmcgj aj bds
cqm|rd ymsas racqarlm cd`d bm cds`dxgsgj cegjm |rmlgcgdjmb arm qj rahbafd la bm xgsgj cdjhqcgmjm la
qjm sdcgalml farr}qgcm cqglmldsm`aj|a mr|gcqbmlm w sa lmom ydr saj|mld }qa bds `djmrcms w As|mlds
au|rmjfards armj |rgoq|mrgds lab ragjd `algd6 jd emw lds sdbas aj ab cgabd" jd yqala emoar lds
a`yarmldras aj bm |garrm*;
Bm glam la qjm cgxgbgvmcgj sjgcm yrd`dxglm w bglarmlm ydr Cegjm as qjm yra`gsm cdj krmj
g`ydr|mjcgm aj bm rakgj* \mj rygld cd`d sa lasmrrdbba ab ydlard acdj`gcd cegjd as|d sa emr `s
ym|aj|a* Aj sq`m" bm cddyarmcgj a glaj|ghgcmcgj auyqas|ms yqalaj sar rasymblmlms cdj ab sgkqgaj|acdrdbmrgd" mybgcmoba m bm cgxgbgvmcgj sjgcm6
Bm jmcgj mj|as }qa bm cdbac|gxglml ^|jgcmP" w bm sdcgalml ydr ajcg m lab wd*
Bm hm`gbgm cd`d bm cbqbm osgcm la bm sdcgalml*
M|ajcgj w mydwd la bm cdbac|gxglml mb gjlgxglqd*
Cdjsajsd aj bqkmr la cdj|gajlm*
Mr`djm rmcgmb w rabgkgdsm*
13
BM C G XG B GV MC G J S J G CM
; S* Eqj|gjk|dj" dy* cg|*" y* ?59*
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53/89
MJAUD
HQAJ\AS G@YD_\MLD_MS YD_ CDJ\JAJ\AS W _AKGDJAS %AJA_D M @MWD LA ?99;'
QJGLML6 QS,=99"999"999
CDJ\GJAJ\AS %_AKGDJAS' AJA_D - @MWD GJC_A@AJ\D ! KMJMJCGMS ! CM@OGD AJ BM KMJMJCGM!
Xmbdr |d|mb 31;5*= =7*= =99*9 9*9
Msgm ?"3=3*7 =8*3 8
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54/89
@A_CMLDS AUYD_\MLD_AS YD_ CDJ\JAJ\AS W _AKGDJAS %AJA_D M @MWD LA ?99;'
QJGLML6 QS,=99"999"999
CDJ\GJAJ\AS %_AKGDJAS' AJA_D - @MWD GJC_A@AJ\D ! KMJMJCGMS ! CM@OGD AJ BM KMJMJCGM!
Xmbdr |d|mb
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55/89
Y_DOBA@MS W SDBQCGDJAS
LA BM XGXGAJLM AJ @UGCD&
Bm q|gbglml la lgmkjds|gcmr qj yrdoba`m rasgla aj q|gbgvmr
bms cdjcbqsgdjas ymrm ra`algmr bms lahgcgajcgms glaj|ghgcmlms*
M`mr|wm Saj=
YAJSM_ BM SDBQCGJ M BDS Y_DOBA@MS la xgxgajlm aj @ugcd jd as sajcgbbd* Bms hmbbms lab As|mld sdj
axglaj|as6 jd emw sarxgcgds yobgcds aj |dld ab |arrg|drgd" yrdbgharmj bds msaj|m`gaj|ds grrakqbmras w bm
lasgkqmblml sdcgmb jd ymraca ralqcgrsa" bbaxmjld m krmj ymr|a la bm ydobmcgj m xgxgr aj bqkmras gjlgkjds*
Aj bds yrdkrm`ms jmcgdjmbas la xgxgajlm sa cdjs|rqwaj cmsms cdj `m|argmbas cmrds" }qa sqabaj sar
gjmlacqmlds ymrm bms ymr|gcqbmrglmlas kadkrhgcms w acdbkgcms la bm bdcmbglml w jd hdr`mj ymr|a la qjm
ybmjamcgj qromjm hqjcgdjmb ldjla alqcmcgj" |rmomfd" cmsm w smbql rg`aj mr`djgdsm`aj|a* @qceds
m|rgoqwaj as|ds hrmcmsds lab As|mld m bm ydcm ymr|gcgymcgj }qa |gaja bm sdcgalml cgxgb aj bm cdjs|rqccgj
la sqs yrdygms cmsms" sgj lmrsa cqaj|m la }qa bms rmcas lab yrdoba`m sdj `s yrdhqjlms* Jd ydla`ds
asyarmr lab As|mld bm sdbqcgj la |dlds bds yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm cqmjld s|a jd racmqlm sqhgcgaj|as
racqrsds ymrm hgjmjcgmr sqs yrdkrm`ms w bm ydobmcgj sakqgr cracgajld m rg|`ds sds|ajglds" ydr bd `ajds"
ems|m ab ?939*? Mla`s" gladbdkms aj odkm" cd`d bm jadbgoarmb" fqs|ghgcmj bm ydcm rasydjsmogbglml lab
As|mld mj|a bds yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm" yqas xaj aj ab `arcmld ab ra`algd la |dlds bds `mbas* Bm ydcm
18
& Bds mq|dras la as|a mr|cqbd sdj _dlrgkd @mr|jav" Lgakd @mcgms" Xabgm Sqrav w S|mbgj @qdv" Bqgs Ymobd @qdv" w
@mrgmjja Kdqlrw" as|qlgmj|as la cqmr|d w dc|mxd sa`as|ra la bm bgcajcgm|qrm aj _abmcgdjas Gj|arjmcgdjmbas la Ab Cdbakgd la @ugcd*
]qara`ds mkrmlacar bds xmbgdsds cd`aj|mrgds la bm yrdhasdrm @mr|em Abajm Xajgar*= \ea Mrkq`aj|m|gxa Gjlgmj" Jqaxm Wdrn" Hmrrmr" S|rmqs mjl Kgrdqu" ?991" y* ?8
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56/89
mwqlm gj|arjmcgdjmb }qa racgoa ab As|mld `augcmjd ymrm sqs yrdkrm`ms la xgxgajlm mkrakm d|rm `mjcem m
bm `grmlm }qa ydla`ds |ajar sdora bm sg|qmcgj la bm xgxgajlm aj as|a yms*
Ab yrdysg|d la as|a mr|cqbd jd as lasmbaj|mr mb bac|dr mj|a bm crqlavm la bm rambglml" sgjd
lgmkjds|gcmr bds yrdoba`ms la bm xgxgajlm aj @ugcd ymrm yajsmr sdbqcgdjas mb|arjm|gxms* Ab As|mld |gaja
%w laoa |ajar' qj ymyab g`ydr|mj|a aj as|ds `ajas|aras" yard sa lasajxqabxa aj cdjlgcgdjas eds|gbas*
Jqas|rm yrg`arm yrakqj|m las`ajqvm as|m sg|qmcgj6 ]q ra|ds ajhraj|m ab As|mld `augcmjd mb gj|aj|mr
sdbqcgdjmr bds yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm4 Aj qj sakqjld |ga`yd" jds yrakqj|m`ds Aj }q `alglm bm
mq|dcdjs|rqccgj as qjm sdbqcgj xgmoba ymrm yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm aj bds sac|dras ydyqbmras43 Bm
gjhdr`mcgj }qa qsm`ds ymrm rasydjlar m`oms yrakqj|ms" sgkqgajld ab asyrg|q la Yajsmr ab Lasmrrdbbd" hqa
au|rmlm |mj|d la yqobgcmcgdjas mcml`gcms" cd`d la auyargajcgms yarsdjmbas }qa mbkqjds la bds mq|dras
do|qxg`ds mb cdbmodrmr cdj bm DJK Eog|m| aj ab Xmbba lab @av}qg|mb %Eglmbkd' w mb xgsg|mr qj
msaj|m`gaj|d grrakqbmr aj Smj Jgcdbs Mfqscd" aj ab sqr lab Lgs|rg|d Halarmb*
Aj bm yrg`arm ymr|a la as|a mr|cqbd sa auybgcmj cdj `s la|mbba mbkqjds dos|cqbds }qa as|j
laogbg|mjld mb As|mld `augcmjd aj sq bmodr la dhracar xgxgajlm lgkjm m |dlds sqs cgqlmlmjds" lasla bms
yra`gsms |argcms la bm gladbdkm jadbgoarmb ems|m bds b`g|as la sqs ybmjas la lasmrrdbbd" ymsmjld ydr bds
lgba`ms }qa ybmj|amj bds msaj|m`gaj|ds grrakqbmras* Aj bm sakqjlm ymr|a lab mr|cqbd" sa axmbm bm
mq|dcdjs|rqccgj cd`d d|rm sdbqcgj m bds yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm auydjgajld" ydr qj bmld" bds `d|gxds
ydr bds cqmbas ydlrm sar qjm sdbqcgj xgmoba w" ydr d|rd" sambmjld ydr }q jd laoa glambgvmrsa*
CDJLGCGDJAS MLXA_SMS LAB AS\MLD @AUGCMJD
Mj|as la bds mds dceaj|m ab As|mld `augcmjd arm yrc|gcm`aj|a ab jgcd rasydjsmoba la cdjs|rqgr w
hgjmjcgmr bms xgxgajlms la bds sac|dras ydyqbmras* Yrqaom la asm |mram egs|rgcm as qjm yrdbhgcm cramcgj
gjs|g|qcgdjmb6 ab Gjs|g|q|d @augcmjd lab Sakqrd Sdcgmb %G@SS' aj =7
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57/89
bm rasydjsmogbglml egs|rgcm lab As|mld augcmjd aj m|argm la xgxgajlm as bm dobgkmcgj cdjs|g|qcgdjmb }qa
|gajaj bds ym|rdjas la dhracar m sqs a`ybamlds xgxgajlms c`dlms a egkgjgcms" sakj ab mr|cqbd =?3
hrmccgj UGG* Yrdxaar xgxgajlm as |mram lab As|mld ydr cgar|ms glams }qa" mj aj jqas|rds lms" sgkqaj
kqgmjld bm mccgj yobgcm*
QJM GLADBDKM ]QA BGOA_M LA _ASYDJSMOGBGLMLAS MB AS\MLD
Lqrmj|a bm sakqjlm `g|ml la bm lcmlm la =759" ab As|mld `augcmjd auyarg`aj| qjm |rmjshdr`mcgj
jadbgoarmb" `algmj|a bm cqmb rajqjcg m bm ydsasgj la xmrgms la bms a`yrasms yobgcms" g`yqbs bm
bgoarmbgvmcgj cd`arcgmb w ralqfd ab mymrm|d as|m|mb aj yds la bm ahgcgajcgm ml`gjgs|rm|gxm*< Aj bm mc|qmbglml"
sgj a`omrkd" jd as ydsgoba mhgr`mr bm cdjsdbglmcgj lab `dlabd" la bm `gs`m hdr`m }qa sarm lghcgb
sds|ajar }qa bms bg|as kqoarjm`aj|mbas emwmj rajqjcgmld m b*
Ab As|mld jadbgoarmb sqrka m hgjmbas la bm lcmlm la =7;9 la qj jqaxd ymrmlgk`m aj bm rabmcgj
aj|ra ydb|gcm w acdjd`m" sakj ab cqmb ab As|mld laoa q|gbgvmr sq `djdydbgd sdora bds `algds xgdbaj|ds
aucbqsgxm`aj|a ymrm msakqrmr bms bgoar|mlas lab gjlgxglqd la yrdygalml" la auyrasgj" la mccgj w
lacgsgj*1 Cdj as|ds yrasqyqas|ds" bm `afdr `mjarm la yrasarxmr ab ogaj cd`j as lafmr }qa bds
gjlgxglqds msq`mj bm rasydjsmogbglml la sq ogajas|mr* Ab `arcmld" ydr sq ymr|a" |gaja bm cmymcglml bm|aj|a
la kajarmr cracg`gaj|d" ydr bd }qa ab As|mld laoa yrdcqrmr sq bgora hqjcgdjm`gaj|d* Mbkqjms la bms
`ug`ms d yra`gsms8 }qa as|rqc|qrmj ab `dlabd jadbgoarmb sdj bms sgkqgaj|as6
Yrgxm|gvmcgj* Aj bm `alglm aj }qa ab As|mld orgjla car|avm sdora ab laraced la yrdygalml" bds mc|dras
acdj`gcds ydlrj kajarmr cracg`gaj|d*
Cd`ya|ajcgm* Bm cd`ya|ajcgm yarhac|m kajarm" ydr s `gs`m" qjm `mwdr ahgcgajcgm aj bm yrdlqccgj w
xaj|mfms m bds la`mjlmj|as*
Lasrakqbmcgj* Ab As|mld jd laogarm gj|arxajgr jg aj ab cd`arcgd au|argdr jg aj bds `arcmlds hgjmjcgards
gj|arjds sg sa lasam `mj|ajar bm ahgcgajcgm acdj`gcm*
15
KD_M
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58/89
As|mld @jg`d* Qj As|mld djardsd as qj bms|ra ymrm bm acdjd`m* Ab lhgcg| aj ab yrasqyqas|d as|m|mb as
gj|rjsacm`aj|a jakm|gxd" ydr bd }qa bds kdogarjds laoaj cdj|rdbmr sqs kms|ds" `algmj|a bm ralqccgj
kajarmbgvmlm lab mymrm|d as|m|mb*
Ab `dlabd jadbgoarmb ld|m la krmjlas bgoar|mlas m bds gjlgxglqds" yard mb `gs`d |ga`yd cram aj abbds
jqaxms gjcar|glq`oras> as|d as s axglaj|a aj bm sakqrglml sdcgmb" yqas ab jadbgoarmbgs`d racemvm ab ^P
cdjcay|d la bds laraceds sdcgmbas w bm dobgkmcgj la bm sdcgalml la kmrmj|gvmrbds m |rmxs la bm mccgj
as|m|mb" ^wP sa dydja rmlgcmb`aj|a m bm qjgxarsmbglml" gkqmblml w krm|qglml la bds sarxgcgds sdcgmbas*; Bm
ydoravm sa xa cd`d cdjsacqajcgm bkgcm lab a}qgbgorgd aj|ra dhar|m w la`mjlm" ydr bd }qa bm `afdr hdr`m
la cd`om|grbm as `algmj|a ab cracg`gaj|d acdj`gcd*
Qj As|mld jadbgoarmb" aj cdjsacqajcgm" |gaja earrm`gaj|ms bg`g|mlms ymrm emcar hraj|a m bds
yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm6 m bms yarsdjms }qa wm cqaj|mj cdj qjm xgxgajlm bas orgjlm sarxgcgds osgcds
%abac|rgcglml" lrajmfa" racdbaccgj la omsqrm" a|c*' w bas yrdxaa la car|avm fqrlgcm sdora sq yrdygalml"
`gaj|rms }qa ymrm mydwmr m bms yarsdjms sgj xgxgajlm sq jgcm ydsgogbglml sarm as|mobacar bms cdjlgcgdjas
ymrm }qa ab `arcmld cqorm asm la`mjlm* Aj cqmb}qgar cmsd" qj As|mld jadbgoarmb as| g`ydsgogbg|mld ymrm
gjhbqgr aj ab las|gjd |mj|d la bms yarsdjms }qa ydr sq jgxab la ydoravm }qalmj rabakmlms lab arcmld" cd`d
la bms }qa" mqj sgajld yrdyga|mrgds" laoaj sdoraxgxgr aj yracmrgms cdjlgcgdjas emog|mcgdjmbas* Bm |adrm aj
@ugcd jd sga`yra sa mfqs| m bm yrc|gcm" yqas ldcq`aj|ds" cd`d bds Ybmjas Jmcgdjmbas la Lasmrrdbbd
%YJL'" racd`gajlmj gj|arxajcgdjas lab As|mld aj lgs|gj|ds `og|ds sdcgdacdj`gcds*
Y_DK_M@MS G@Y_ACGSDS6 AB YBMJ JMCGDJMB LA LASM__DBBD*
Aj bds Ybmjas Jmcgdjmbas la Lasmrrdbbd %YJL' la Hdu w la Cmblarj sa cdjcgoa m bm xgxgajlm cd`d algd
ymrm ralqcgr bms lasgkqmblmlas sdcgmbas w cd`d `d|dr lab cracg`gaj|d acdj`gcd* Bm cddrlgjmcgj aj|ra
lgs|gj|ds mc|dras ymrm cdjs|rqgr xgxgajlms as d|rm glam rac|drm la bds YJL crgs|mbgvmlm aj bm cramcgj lab
Cdjsafd Jmcgdjmb la Xgxgajlm*5 Ab As|mld" aj as|m jqaxm sg|qmcgj" cddrlgjm mc|gxglmlas hgjmjcgarms" rmvj
17
YA JS M_ A B LASM__DBBD
;Msm Crgs|gjm Bmqrab" Mxmjvmr mb ymsmld6 bm ydb|gcm sdcgmb lab jadbgoarmbgs`d" aj M* C* Bmqrab %cddrl*'"As|mld w Ydb|gcms
Sdcgmbas aj ab Jadbgoarmbgs`d" @ugcd" Hqjlmcgj Hrgalrgce Aoar|" =77?" y* =31*5 Aj bm baw kajarmb la xgxgajlm" as|a drkmjgs`d as ab gjs|rq`aj|d rac|dr la bm rakqbmrgvmcgj la bm yrdygalml" bm
cddrlgjmcgj aj|ra bds jgxabas la kdogarjd w bms gjs|g|qcgdjas yrgxmlms w bm `afdrm aj bm dhar|m la sarxgcgds yobgcds* Ab YJL |m`ogj
ba msgkjm |mrams hgjmjcgarms %gol*" y* =
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
59/89
ydr bm cqmb Hdu yrd`dxg asyacgmb`aj|a bm omjcm la lasmrrdbbd* Ymrm Habgya Cmblarj" bds dofa|gxds lab
YJL sdj cdjs|rqgr `s xgxgajlms ymrm bms hm`gbgms cdj `ajdras racqrsds w lmr `s sakqrglml fqrlgcm m
bds yrdwac|ds la cdjs|rqccgj ymrm }qa |dlds |ajkmj `mwdr mccasd m hqaj|as la hgjmjcgm`gaj|d
hdr`mbas*7
M yasmr la bd }qa yrdydjaj" m`ods
YJL emj sgld gjcmymcas la ramc|gxmr ab sac|dr la
bm xgxgajlm mj|a ab as|mjcm`gaj|d la bm gjlqs|rgm
la bm cdjs|rqccgj rasqb|mj|a la bm crgsgs la =771*
Asd sa laoa" yrgjcgymb`aj|a" m lds yrdoba`ms6 bm
hmb|m la cddrlgjmcgj la bds mc|dras gjxdbqcrmlds
aj ab yrdcasd la cdjs|rqccgj w bm lgscdj|gjqglml
la bms ydb|gcms aj|ra bds lgharaj|as yargdlds la
kdogarjd* As lghcgb }qa bds yrdkrm`ms la xgxgajlm |ajkmj ug|d sgj bm cddrlgjmcgj aj|ra bds drkmjgs`ds
jmcgdjmbas w as|m|mbas la xgxgajlm" }qa sa `mjghgas|m aj qjm hmb|m la cdrrasydjsmogbglml mb d|drkmr
sqosglgds halarmbas" as|m|mbas w `qjgcgymbas m bms hm`gbgms la `ajdras gjkrasds* Ab Cdjsafd Jmcgdjmb la
Xgxgajlm" aj as|a saj|gld" em sgld gjahgcmv aj hdr`qbmr qj Ybmj Jmcgdjmb la Xgxgajlm }qa as|mobavcm
|mrams asyachgcms ymrm cmlm mc|dr* D|rd b`g|a as }qa" mqj}qa bds ybmjas racdjdvcmj bms g`yarhaccgdjas
lab `arcmld" jgjkqjd oqscm cdjxar|gr m bds oajahgcgmrgds lab yrdkrm`m aj sqfa|ds la crlg|d }qa |ajkmj
mccasd m bds gj|ar`algmrgds hgjmjcgards yrgxmlds w yobgcds" yqas ab mydwd sa ralqca m qjm `arm
|rmjsharajcgm `dja|mrgm* Ydr bd |mj|d" ymraca }qa jds ajcdj|rm`ds jqaxm`aj|a cdj qjm yrc|gcm -d
b`g|a- |rmlgcgdjmb la bm ydb|gcm sdcgmb `augcmjm6 ab cm`ogd la rq`od aj cmlm sauajgd* Bms lds
ml`gjgs|rmcgdjas ymjgs|ms la yrgjcgygds la sgkbd" aj sq`m" emj sgld gjcmymcas la mr|gcqbmr qjm as|rm|akgm
cddrlgjmlm ymrm emcar `s ahgcgaj|a bm ymr|gcgymcgj la bds mc|dras yrgxmlds w as|m|mbas aj bm cdjs|rqccgj
w ra`dlabmcgj la bm xgxgajlm*
89
KD_M
7 Bms as|rm|akgms ymrm cq`ybgr asds dofa|gxds sdj rakqbmrgvmr ab `arcmld la mrrajlm`gaj|ds" hdr|mbacar ab `arcmld la
xgxgajlm sa`gjqaxm" mq`aj|mr ab sqabd lgsydjgoba ymrm bm cdjs|rqccgj w myrdxacemr bm gjhrmas|rqc|qrm qromjm }qa wm augs|a*
Bms lds ml`gjgs|rmcgdjas ymjgs|ms la yrgjcgygds
la sgkbd" aj sq`m" emj sgld gjcmymcas la
mr|gcqbmr qjm as|rm|akgm cddrlgjmlm ymrm emcar
`s ahgcgaj|a bm ymr|gcgymcgj la bds mc|dras
yrgxmlds w as|m|mbas aj bm cdjs|rqccgj w
ra`dlabmcgj la bm xgxgajlm*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
60/89
LGBA@MS G__ASDBQOBAS6 BM HD_@MCGJ LA QJ MSAJ\M@GAJ\D G__AKQBM_*
Ab kdogarjd" cd`d la`qas|rm ab cmsd la Smj Jgcdbs Mfqscd" ajhraj|m xmrgds lgba`ms cqmjld lacgla sg
racdjdca d jd m qj msaj|m`gaj|d grrakqbmr* Ab yrg`ar lgba`m la qj hqjcgdjmrgd yobgcd cqmjld myajms sa
hdr`m qj msaj|m`gaj|d grrakqbmr as sg gj|arxgaja la `mjarm cdarcg|gxm ymrm axg|mrbd d gkjdrm as|m sg|qmcgj* Ab
msaj|m`gaj|d" aj jqas|rd cmsd la as|qlgd" sa gjs|mb aj qj |arrajd la yrdygalml afglmb mj|argdr`aj|a
lalgcmld mb cqb|gxd la `mv w mxajm* Myrdxacemjld }qa as|a |arrajd as|mom lasdcqymld" mbkqjds blaras
lacglgardj gj|rdlqcgr m qj krqyd la kaj|a ymrm }qa xgxgarm me* M yasmr la }qa ab kdogarjd yrdegom bm
gjs|mbmcgj la bds msaj|m`gaj|ds" jd mc|q la `mjarm cdarcg|gxm" ydr}qa emcarbd sgkjghgcmom aj|rmr aj
cdjhbgc|d |mj|d cdj blaras cd`d cdj `ga`ords lab msaj|m`gaj|d" yard lafmr la mc|qmr as |m`ogj qj
mbgcgaj|a ymrm }qa jqaxds msaj|m`gaj|ds sa hdr`aj w qjm kmrmj|m la }qa s|ds sa rakqbmrgvmrj aj ab
hq|qrd*
Mqj cqmjld bm lacgsgj lab kdogarjd aj Smj Jgcdbs Mfqscd" cd`d aj `qceds d|rds cmsds" hqa
jd gj|arxajgr" asm d`gsgj |rma cd`ybgcmcgdjas" wm }qa aj bds msaj|m`gaj|ds grrakqbmras sa yrasaj|m qj
haj`ajd la ydbg|gvmcgj emcgm hqarm %aj|ra bds `ga`ords lab msaj|m`gaj|d w bms mq|drglmlas' w emcgm
mlaj|rd* Aj mqsajcgm la |dlm mq|drglml hdr`mb" cdj|rdb ydb|gcd a gj|arxajcgj ydbgcmcm" bds blaras sa
xqabxaj hgkqrms cmsg ym|rgmrcmbas }qa dobgkmj m bds cdbdjds m |rmomfds jd ra`qjarmlds lajd`gjmlds
hmajms=9" }qa lgshrmvmlds la |rmomfd ymrm bm cd`qjglml" sa xqabxaj qj gjs|rq`aj|d la cdj|rdb w qj
yra|au|d ymrm auyqbsmr m bds `ga`ords gjlasamobas* Sakqjld lgba`m lab kdogarjd as d mc|qmr hraj|a m bds
blaras ydr cd`a|ar mc|ds la gbakmbglml d emcar cmsd d`gsd* Bm yrg`arm dycgj sgkjghgcm msq`gr bm rasydjsmogbglml
bakmb lab msaj|m`gaj|d w ajhraj|mr m blaras ydlardsds" w bm sakqjlm sqydjlrm `mj|ajar qjm sg|qmcgj
gbakmb w yar`g|gr moqsds cdj|rm bds emog|mj|as lab msaj|m`gaj|d }qa jd |gajaj `qceds racqrsds*
Ab |arcar lgba`m glaj|ghgcmld |gaja }qa xar cdj bm lacgsgj la ld|mr d jd la gjhrmas|rqc|qrm osgcm m bds
msaj|m`gaj|ds grrakqbmras* Emcarbd sgkjghgcm racdjdcar ab msaj|m`gaj|d w jd emcarbd sgkjghgcm yar`g|gr }qa bm
kaj|a xgxm aj cdjlgcgdjas bm`aj|mobas" ydr}qa as cd`j }qa jd sa yrdxamj sarxgcgds la abac|rgcglml" mkqm"
lrajmfa" bg`ygavm w racdbaccgj la omsqrm*== Aj Smj Jgcdbs jd emw dydr|qjglmlas la |rmomfd aj bm
8=
YA JS M_ A B LASM__DBBD
=9 Bm hmajm cdjsgs|a aj |rmomfd ymrm bm `afdrm la bm `gcrdcd`qjglml" cdjsgs|a aj cmxmr vmjfms ymrm bm cdjs|rqccgj la
cg`gaj|ds" racqorgr la cmbbas cdj ca`aj|d" |rmjsydr|a la mkqm" a|c|arm> aj kajarmb" as |rmomfd la dorm yobgcm*== Emw mla`s yrdoba`ms aj ab moms|acg`gaj|d la mbg`aj|ds" yqas bms ya}qams |gajlms la bm cd`qjglml sqoaj ab yracgd
m bds yrdlqc|ds aj ydrcaj|mfas mb|ds sgj sar rakqbmlds ydr bm Y_DHACD*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
61/89
cd`qjglml jg aj bqkmras carcmjds* Bds sarxgcgds osgcds sdj ascmsds d jqbds6 bm ajarkm abc|rgcm sa |d`m
la hqaj|as la ydobmlds xacgjds w ab sgs|a`m la ygyms sq`gjgs|rm ab mkqm> bds `algds la |rmjsydr|a sdj
cm`gdja|ms yrgxmlms w jd emw ascqabms carcmjms mb ydobmld* M}q" ab lgba`m ymrm ab kdogarjd as sg ld|m d
jd la gjhrmas|rqc|qrm m as|ds krqyds" yqas emcarbd sgkjghgcm racdjdcar ab msaj|m`gaj|d w jd emcarbd
sgkjghgcm yar`g|gr }qa bm kaj|a xgxm aj `mbms cdjlgcgdjas* Aj rambglml" ab cdjhbgc|d jd as |mj yrdhqjld"
ydr}qa emw sdbqcgdjas mb|arjm|gxms mb As|mld }qa" sgj sar gbakmbas" yqalaj `afdrmr bms cdjlgcgdjas la
xgxgajlm la bm ydobmcgj `s lasyrdxgs|m*
SDBQCGJ MB\A_JM\GXM6 BM MQ\DCDJS\_QCCGJ*
QJM OQAJM SDBQCGJ***
Aj as|m saccgj" cdj ab mydwd lab |rmomfd la Oarjmrl Krmjd|gar" sdcgbdkd hrmjcs }qa mjmbgvm ab eog|m|"=?
sa yrasaj|mrj bds oajahgcgds la bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj* Aj qj `qjld aj ab }qa bm lasgkqmblml aj ab raymr|d
la bms rg}qavms as cmlm xav `mwdr" bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj yqala lgs`gjqgr bms lasgkqmblmlas sdcgdacdj`gcms
ydr}qa yqala yrdxaar la xgxgajlm m bm krmj `mwdrm la bm ydobmcgj" yar`g|gajld ms bm ml}qgsgcgj la qj
`afdr eog|m| }qa ralqvcm bms gja}qglmlas sdcgmbas* Bm ymr|gcgymcgj la DJKs" la bm cd`qjglml a
gjcbqsd la drkmjgs`ds gj|arjmcgdjmbas mwqlmr m }qa bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj bdkra as|m `a|m* Aj bds ymsas la
`algmjd gjkrasd=3 bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj ydlrm sar hqjlm`aj|mb" ydr}qa me as| bm `mwdr lasgkqmblml aj
ab raymr|d la bm rg}qavm*
Bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj |m`ogj yqala cdjsarxmr a gjcbqsd rascm|mr |cjgcms w cdjdcg`gaj|ds
bdcmbas" wm }qa qjd la sqs dofa|gxds as a`ybamr `m|argmbas |rmlgcgdjmbas w la cmbglml aj cmlm rakgj*
Mla`s" bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj as yrdxacedsm" ydr}qa ralqca bds cds|ds la `mjd la dorm w la cgar|ds
`m|argmbas" `s omrm|ds ydr}qa sdj la qsd cd|glgmjd aj mbkqjm rakgj ymr|gcqbmr* Aj |r`gjds `s
m`ybgds" |m`ogj ydlrm sar q|gbgvmlm cd`d earrm`gaj|m ydr ab As|mld cqmjld sq cmymcglml emwm sgld
8?
KD_M
=? Eog|m| ymrm Krmjd|gar as `qced `s }qa ab edkmr hm`gbgmr" yqas|d }qa gjcbqwa bm gjhrmas|rqc|qrm w bds sarxgcgds }qa bm
hm`gbgm jacasg|m ymrm sq ybajd lasmrrdbbd %Oarjmrl Krmjd|gar" Bm Ybmj|a las ogldjxgbbas" Ymrgs" Saqgb" =7;7" y* ?='* Ydr abbd" mj|as la
ybmjghgcmr ab eog|m| laoaj cdjdcarsa bms yrgjcgymbas cdjlgcgdjas ymr|gcqbmras lab |gyd m`ogaj|mb w kadkrhgcd" ms cd`d bds msyac|ds
sdcgmbas w acdj`gcds la bm xglm la bm ydobmcgj* Lasla as|a ajhd}qa" qjm oqajm ybmjghgcmcgj lab eog|m| sqydja qj `jg`d
lasmrrdbbd la bds msyac|ds mj|as `ajcgdjmlds*=3 Ab Omjcd @qjlgmb" aj sqs lm|ds w cghrms sdora ymsas la gjkrasd `algmjd %ymr|a la bds yrdwac|ds w yrdkrm`ms ymrm ymsas la
gjkrasd `algmjd'" cbmsghgcm aj as|a rmjkd m 58 ymsas cqwds YGO yar cmyg|m" aj ab ?99
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62/89
raomsmlm ydr bms augkajcgms la bm ydobmcgj* Ab As|mld yrd`qaxa aj|djcas bm ymr|gcgymcgj la jqaxds
mc|dras sdcgmbas" bds yrdkrm`ms la medrrd w la hgjmjcgm`gaj|d" bm msgs|ajcgm |cjgcm" bm ybmjamcgj w
drkmjgvmcgj qromjm* Bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj yar`g|a rahdrvmr bds bmvds sdcgmbas ydr}qa ab |rmomfd sa emca aj
qj m`ogaj|a la cddyarmcgj w yar`g|a }qa bds oajahgcgds mbcmjcaj m |dlds* Ab gjlgxglqd" cdj bm
mq|dcdjs|rqccgj" xmbdrm `s sq aj|drjd w sq ym|rg`djgd" wm }qa as |d|mb`aj|a rasydjsmoba la sq
alghgcmcgj w drkmjgvmcgj* Bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj" aj asa saj|gld" sa yarhgbm cd`d qjm mb|arjm|gxm m bds
`dlds la yrdlqccgj aj sarga la bm xgxgajlm w cd`d earrm`gaj|m ymrm ab As|mld cqmjld s|a jd bdkrm
yrdxaar xgxgajlm m |dlds sqs emog|mj|as*
]QA JD LAOA GLAMBGVM_SA
Cd`d Oarjmrl Krmjd|gar" Sarkgd Mvaxald dygjm }qa bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj %MC' yqala cdj|rgoqgr m
sdbqcgdjmr yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm la bds sac|dras ydyqbmras*=< Sq yds|qrm" sgj a`omrkd" as dlarmlm" yqas
cdjsglarm }qa jd laoa`ds cmar jg aj qjm ha cgakm }qa glambgca sqs oajahgcgds jg aj qj rmlgcmbgs`d
gladbkgcd }qa cdjlaja sq augs|ajcgm*
Emw sags `g|ds sdora bm MC }qa cdjxgaja
las`aj|gr* Ab yrg`ard as }qa bgoarm ab yd|ajcgmb cram|gxd
lab yqaobd cqmjld" aj rambglml" bms cdjlgcgdjas la bm
mq|dcdjs|rqccgj" cmrmc|argvmlms ydr krmjlas
bg`g|mcgdjas |a`ydrmbas" hgjmjcgarms w |cjgcms"
sqabaj gjegogrbd* Ab sakqjld `g|d as }qa sga`yra
cdeasgdjm m bm cd`qjglmlcqmjld bm mwdrm la bms xacas
sbd sqaba ymr|gcgymr bm hm`gbgm jqcbamr w" aj ab `afdr la bds cmsds" mbkqjds %jd |dlds' `ga`ords la bm
cd`qjglml" sga`yra w cqmjld emwm oqajds gjcaj|gxds hgjmjcgards ymrm bm cdjs|rqccgj la sq yrdygm cmsm*
Qj |arcar `g|d la bm MC as }qayar`g|a qj myrdxacem`gaj|d yrdlqc|gxd lab |ga`yd bgoracqmjld s|a" aj rambglml"
as cmsg gjaugs|aj|a ymrm bms hm`gbgms lashmxdracglms" yqas" mj |ajgajld qj |rmomfd ra`qjarmld" bms
yarsdjms as|j dcqymlms aj bmodras ld`s|gcms d aj bm os}qalm la d|rd a`ybad %hdr`mb d gjhdr`mb'* Qj
cqmr|d `g|d as }qa cram a`ybad cqmjld s|a as hrmjcm`aj|a `mrkgjmb" yqas bm cdjs|rqccgj jacasg|m ydcms
83
YA JS M_ A B LASM__DBBD
=< Edqsgjk Ydbgcgas gj Bm|gj M`argcm6 \ea @w|es dh Sabh-Eaby Cdjs|rqc|gdj" M`argcmj Ydbg|gcmb Scgajca Mssdcgm|gdj" ?9
%=75;'" yy* 571-79=*
Aj bds |ga`ysd mc|qmbas" ab As|mld laoarm
lasa`yamr qj ymyab la cddrlgjmcgj aj|ra
bds lgs|gj|ds mc|dras sdgmbas w acdj`gcds
ymrm mydwmr m bds sac|dras `s
lashmxdracglds la bm sdcgalml*
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
63/89
|mrams asyacgmbgvmlms %cmrygj|ards" ybd`ards w mbomgbas' w bms cdjs|rgccgdjas hgjmjcgarms sdj `qw krmjlas*
D|rd `g|d as }qa laoaj raybgcmrsa bms auyargajcgms aug|dsms la MC" ydr}qa" sg ogaj ab yrdcalg`gaj|d yqala
bbaxmrsa m cmod aj lgs|gj|ds bqkmras" bds `m|argmbas qsmlds laoaj mlacqmrsa m bms ymr|gcqbmrglmlas
cbg`|gcms la cmlm bqkmr* Qj b|g`d `g|d as }qa bm MC as qj yrdcalg`gaj|d |cjgcd lasxgjcqbmld la bm ydb|gcm
cqmjld `qceds kdogarjds bd q|gbgvmj ymrm mq`aj|mr sq bakg|g`glml ydyqbmr d myrdygmrsa la bds racqrsds
msgkjmlds" myrdxacemjld bm hmb|m la `acmjgs`ds ahgcgaj|as la rajlgcgj la cqaj|ms*
Jd emw }qa glambgvmr bds oajahgcgds la bm MC" sakj Mvaxald" yard s emw }qa lahajlar sqs
ydsgogbglmlas mj|a }qgajas bm cdjlajmj" ydr}qa `qcems la sqs cr|gcms jd sdj xbglms* Ab dofa|gxd
yrgjcgymb la qj yrdkrm`m la MC g`yqbsmld lasla ab As|mld jd as cddy|mr bds dxg`gaj|ds ydyqbmras ymrm
`mjgyqbmrbds w lasmr|gcqbmr bds yrdwac|ds raxdbqcgdjmrgds* W" mqj}qa jd emwm drkmjgvmcgj gj`qja m bm
cddy|mcgj ydb|gcm" bm ra|gcajcgm m hdr`mr ymr|a lab sgs|a`m sqaba laogbg|mr m bds `dxg`gaj|ds ydyqbmras"
yqas bds yrgxm la hqaj|as g`ydr|mj|as la racqrsds }qa" aj b|g`m gjs|mjcgm" yqalaj cdj|rgoqgr m afdrmr sq
cmbglml la xglm* Ymrm `qceds" ab As|mld laoarm cdjs|rqgr xgxgajlms lgkjms ymrm |dlds" yard sq hmb|m la
racqrsds emca la bm MC qjm sdbqcgj xgmoba m bm hmb|m la xgxgajlm ydyqbmr" yqas sa omsm aj hdr`ms la
hgjmjcgm`gaj|d mb|arjm|gxms }qa s gjcbqwaj bm ymr|gcgymcgj la bds oajahgcgmlds* W" m yasmr la bd }qa qceds
dygjmj" bm axglajcgm a`yrgcm la`qas|rm }qa bds yrdkrm`ms la MC ralqcaj ab |ga`yd yrd`algd la
cdjs|rqccgj w ab cds|d la bm xgxgajlm* Ymrm axmbqmr bm cmymcglml la bm MC cd`d `algd ymrm sdbqcgdjmr bds
yrdoba`ms la bm xgxgajlm" Mvaxald ymraca gjlgcmr }qa emw }qa axg|mr bms rasyqas|ms kajarmbas w hmxdracar
ab mjbgsgs la cmlm cmsd" rasmb|mjld sqs ymr|gcqbmrglmlas*
CDJCBQSGDJAS
Aj fqjgd la =778" lqrmj|a bm sakqjlm cdjharajcgm la bms Jmcgdjas Qjglms sdora msaj|m`gaj|ds eq`mjds"
ab laraced m bm xgxgajlm sa cdjxgr|g aj qj laraced eq`mjd osgcd* Hqa qj ymsd g`ydr|mj|a" yard
|dlmxm hmb|m `qced ymrm emcarbd rambglml w" cdj asm yradcqymcgj aj `aj|a" jds egcg`ds aj as|a mr|cqbd
qj ymr la yrakqj|ms rabmcgdjmlms cdj bm cmymcglml mc|qmb lab As|mld `augcmjd ymrm rasdbxar bds
yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm w cdj bm axmbqmcgj la bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj cd`d sdbqcgj mb|arjm|gxm m bm hmb|m la
xgxgajlm la bds sac|dras ydyqbmras*
Aj rabmcgj m bm yrg`arm yrakqj|m" bds mq|dras la as|a mr|cqbd as|qxg`ds la mcqarld aj }qa" lmlms
bms cdjlgcgdjas mc|qmbas" jd ydla`ds asyarmr qced lab As|mld augcmjd ymrm rasdbxar bds yrdoba`ms la
8 ?' cdjs|rqccgj la `acmjgs`ds la hgjmjcgm`gaj|d ahgcgaj|as w mlmy|mlds m bms cmymcglmlas
acdj`gcms la bm cd`qjglml> 3' yraaugs|ajcgm la qjm `jg`m cdeasgj w sdbglmrglml aj|ra bds `ga`ords
la bm cd`qjglml>
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
65/89
mq|drglmlas" yard |m`ogj la bds oajahgcgmrgds lab sgs|a`m> 8' rasya|d w |dbarmjcgm emcgm bms |cjgcms w bds
cdjdcg`gaj|ds la bm rakgj* Sqydja jd bbakmr cdj qjm mc|g|ql yrayd|aj|a w mb|mjarm }qa laslam
glgdsgjcrmsgms bdcmbas w }qa oqscm g`ydjar `dlabds la hqarm }qa emj sgld aug|dsds*
88
KD_M
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EMS\M AB B\G@D _GJCJ6 KJA_DS W HGCCGJ AJ
BM BG\A_M\Q_M LAFQMJXGBBD_D&
FQMJXGBBD_D AS ASC_G\D_ @AUGCMJD" mq|dr la bms jdxabmsAb lgsymrd la mrkj"@m|argm lgsyqas|mwAb \as|gkd
%Yra`gd Earrmbla la Jdxabm ?99 mla`s" aj bm lgraccgj la Bm Fdrjmlm Sa`mjmb w cd`d yrdhasdr aj bm
QJM@" aj bm Qjgxarsglml la Wmba w aj bm Qjgxarsglml Yd`yaq Hmorm la Omrcabdjm*
Bm |mrla lab somld ?8 la `mwd la ?99;" Xgbbdrd sa ajcdj|r cdj Smrm Lmjgabm Eglmbkd w _mqlab
xgbm" as|qlgmj|as la bm Bgcajcgm|qrm aj _abmcgdjas Gj|arjmcgdjmbas w `ga`ords lab cdjsafd
alg|drgmb la kdrm" raxgs|m lab Caj|rd la As|qlgds Gj|arjmcgdjmbas" }qgajas ba rambgvmrdj qjm
aj|raxgs|m* M cdj|gjqmcgj sa yrasaj|m qjm xarsgj as|ajdkrhgcm lab ajcqaj|rd aj|ra bds as|qlgmj|as w ab
ascrg|dr*
KD_M6 Sq dorm rasmb|m ydr bm krmj cmj|glml la kjards bg|armrgds }qa |rmomfm* Mla`s la bds cbsgcds"
cd`d bm jdxabm w ab cqaj|d" em ascrg|d crjgcm" cqaj|ds gjhmj|gbas" kqgj la cgja" mr|cqbds yargdls|gcds w
em eaced |rmlqccgdjas lab mba`j w ab gjkbs* Odrkas lacm }qa cmlm ydcm |ajm qjd d lds kjards
8;
&KD_M racdjdca w mkrmlaca ab ashqarvd la sq cdjsafd alg|drgmb mj|argdr" }qa egvd ydsgoba bm gjcbqsgj la as|m
saccgj la aj|raxgs|ms* Ab cgqlmld alg|drgmb la as|a |au|d as|qxd m cmrkd la Ec|dr Hbdras _m`rav*
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67/89
yrgxgbakgmlds }qa lafmomj m bds la`s aj bm sd`orm" w lacm" mla`s" }qa ab la jqas|rd |ga`yd arm bm
jdxabm* M krmjlas rmskds" cqb craa qs|al }qa sam ab bqkmr la as|ds d|rds kjards }qa |rmomfm aj ab
ymjdrm`m kajarmb la bm bg|arm|qrm4 Craa }qa dcqyaj qj bqkmr `ajdr hraj|a m bds krmjlas kjards
bg|armrgds4
FQMJ XGBBD_D6 Aj |r`gjds la bac|qrm w la g`ydr|mjcgm alg|drgmb" bm jdxabm as ab kjard yraydjlarmj|a"
as ab kjard }qa `mjlm" ydr ms lacgrbd* As|d jd }qgara lacgr }qa sam ab `s augkaj|a ymrm bds ascrg|dras*
Wd as|qxa aj ab |mbbar la cqaj|d la Mqkqs|d @dj|arrdsd" w cmlm xav }qa qj mbq`jd bbakmom lgcgajld }qa
emom ascrg|d qjm jdxabm la |rascgaj|ms ykgjms w as|mom `qw sm|gshaced la emoar cdjcbqgld as|m |mram
|g|jgcm" @dj|arrdsd ba cd`aj|mom6 Me" aj|djcas |a as|s yraymrmjld ymrm ascrgogr cqaj|d" ydr}qa m b
ba ymracm }qa ab cqaj|d arm `qced `s augkaj|a* W aj ahac|d" bms rakbms lab cqaj|d sdj `qw saxarms w as
`qced `s lghcgb lacgr mbkd sgkjghgcm|gxd aj ydcms ykgjms* ]qgajas ea`ds ascrg|d cqaj|d w jdxabm
smoa`ds }qa qj bgord la cqaj|d bd |gajas }qa gjgcgmr w cdjcbqgr lgav xacas sg cdjs|m la lgav cqaj|ds" }qa
jd yqalas lafmr jmlm mb mvmr" }qa as `s bd }qa laoas sqkargr }qa bd }qa laoas lacgr* La `dld }qa sa
|rm|m la qj kjard hmscgjmj|a w as|rgc|d" yard jd as qj kjard |mj yrd`dxgld aj bm gjlqs|rgm alg|drgmb jg
}qa cqaj|a cdj |mj|ds bac|dras" d }qa |ajkm smbglm cd`arcgmb* Mqj}qa aj @ugcd bm `mwdrm la bms jdxabms
|m`ydcd sa baaj" sa sqydja }qa sdj `s g`ydr|mj|as*
Aj |r`gjds la racaycgj sdcgmb la bm ascrg|qrm" ab kjard raw as bm jdxabm* Yard aj |r`gjds la bm
augkajcgm" crad }qa as `s cd`ybafd ab kjard lab cqaj|d* As|d aj bd }qa |dcm m bm yrdsm* Bm ydasm as qj
cmsd mymr|a* Ymrm ` as ab kjard `s yrdhqjld w lghcgb la bdkrmr* Mbkqjm xav Dc|mxgd Ymv lgfd }qa" aj ab
hdjld" |dlms bms mr|as sdj ydasm* As|d sgkjghgcm }qa |dlms bms mr|as }qgaraj yrdlqcgr ab ahac|d yd|gcd" yard
bm ydasm bdkrm sgj|a|gvmrbd* Jd |gajas }qa ymsmr ydr `s |r`g|as" bbakms lgrac|m`aj|a m bm asajcgm* Bds
jdxabgs|ms jacasg|m`ds }qgjgaj|ms ykgjms ymrm |ajar qj ahac|d yd|gcd" yard aj ab hdjld" m asd msygrm`ds*
Wd jd ydlrm ascrgogr ydasm" `a ajcmj|m yard jd bd ea gj|aj|mld jqjcm*
Laj|rd la bm yrdsm crad }qa ab cqaj|d |gaja qj jgxab la augkajcgm `mwdr* _asyac|d m bds d|rds
kjards" layajla la bms xmbdrmcgdjas" jd emw }qa craar `qced aj bm ydyqbmrglml la bgorarms d aj ab
`arcmld* Doxgm`aj|a" sg jds m|aja`ds m asd" bds bgords }qa ba gj|arasmrmj `s m bm eq`mjglml" edw aj
lm" sarmj bgords la mq|dmwqlm" jdxabms cd`arcgmbas" hcgb`aj|a bakgobas" w bgords la ascjlmbds ydb|gcds*
Sdj bds bgords }qa sa xajlaj* Bm `mwdrm la as|ds bgords |gajaj qj cdjsq`d m`ybgd lqrmj|a ydcd |ga`yd
KD_M
85
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68/89
w bqakd sa dbxglmj* Emw qjm cgrcqbmcgj `s baj|m la bds bgords xarlmlarm`aj|a bg|armrgds" w me bds
lgs|gj|ds kjards bqcemj ydr sq sqar|a*
Aj @ugcd |aja`ds ydcm |rmlgcgj la lrm`m|qrkgm w" sgj a`omrkd" as qj kjard `qw
g`ydr|mj|a* Bm crjgcm em sgld lacgsgxm" sg yajsm`ds aj mbkqjds ascrg|dras `augcmjds }qa bm emj
cqb|gxmld w }qa ramb`aj|a sdj `qw sgkjghgcm|gxds6 Cmrbds @djsgxgs" Xgcaj|a Baard" _gcmrld Kmrgomw"
Fdrka Gomrkajkdg|gm" Abajm Ydjgm|d{snm* Sqs yrgjcgymbas bgords sdj la crjgcm* Mqj}qa bms xaj|ms
myqj|aj m bm jdxabm" `a ymraca }qa kjards qj ydcd `s bm|armbas" cd`d bm crjgcm" bm bg|arm|qrm gjhmj|gb d
bds cqaj|ds" sdj gkqmb aj|a g`ydr|mj|as* M bm bmrkm" |dlds abbds lahgjaj bm |rmwac|drgm la qj ascrg|dr" lasla
ab yqj|d la xgs|m bg|armrgd" |mj|d cd`d bm jdxabm*
KD_M6 Emobmjld la sq bgordAb yrdhasdr Vyar w bm hmoqbdsm kqg|mrrm abc|rgcm" }qa kmj ab yra`gd GOOW aj
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69/89
Ydr d|rm ymr|a" crad }qa bds jgds |gajaj qj lasad `qw yrdhqjld la mcarcmrsa m krmjlas |a`ms
}qa ab bac|dr mlqb|d `s ogaj }qgara axg|mr* Bds jgds as|j `qced `s carcm la bm hgbdsdhm w bm rabgkgj
}qa bds mlqb|ds* Ymrm bds jgds as `qced `s g`ydr|mj|a ab drgkaj la bms cdsms" ab saj|gld |rmscajlaj|a la
bm xglm" bm auybgcmcgj b|g`m la bds sqcasds* Ab bac|dr mlqb|d `s ogaj }qgara qjm axmsgj abakmj|a" }qgara
lgs|rmarsa cdj cmbglml" la qjm `mjarm rgcm" lab `qjld }qa bd as| mkdogmjld* Ab mlqb|d |gaja qjm
cdjs|m|mcgj la }qa ab `qjld as cd`ybafd" gjsm|gshmc|drgd w b lasam |rmscajlar as|d m |rmxs lab mr|a* Aj
cm`ogd" ab jgd jd }qgara medrrmrsa bms krmjlas yrakqj|ms* Ydr asd bds krmjlas cqaj|ds ymrm jgds |gajaj
}qa xar cdj bm xglm" bm `qar|a" ab `s mbb" bm `mkgm" bds lasads" cdsms `qw la|ar`gjmj|as* Lgkm`ds }qa bm
bg|arm|qrm gjhmj|gb as qjm rm`m la bm hgbdsdhm" bd }qa ymsm as }qa as qjm rm`m fqkqa|djm la bm hgbdsdhm* As
cd`d qj fqkqa|a rabgkgdsd d `a|mhsgcd ymrm medjlmr aj asds |a`ms*
D|rm cdsm `qw g`ydr|mj|a laj|rd la as|m bjam as ydr sqyqas|d bm lgsyq|m lab ogaj cdj|rm ab `mb*
Qjm la bms auyargajcgms la bm xglm mlqb|m as }qa jmlm as sg`yba6 ab ogaj w ab `mb jd bbakmj aj cm|akdrms
saymrmlms" sgjd }qa |dlds bds ed`oras yqalaj cdj|ajar mbkd lab ogaj w mbkd lab `mb* Aj ab `qjld
mlqb|d jd as |mj cdjxgjcaj|a }qa emwm erdas w xgbbmjds mosdbq|ds* Aj cm`ogd bds jgds }qgaraj
ajhraj|mr asa lgba`m |gcd" lgs|gjkqgr cbmrm`aj|a ljla as| ab ogaj w ljla as| ab `mb* Ydr asd" emw qjm
|ajlajcgm mb hgjmb habgv* Aj ab cdbdrj cdbdrmld |dld sa mrrakbm* Emw d|rds rahrmjas ymrm |ar`gjmr bds
cqaj|ds gjhmj|gbas" cd`d w xgxgardj `qw habgcas cd`d yarlgcas d w sg jd emj `qar|d as }qa xgxaj
|dlmxm*
Sgj a`omrkd" qjm la bms krmjlas ajsamjvms la bm bg|arm|qrm gjhmj|gb as }qa cdj}qgs|mr bm
habgcglml cqas|m `qced |rmomfd* Jd oms|m lacgr6 |dld sa mrrakb w cdbdrj cdbdrmld* Bds
yarsdjmfas laoaj `aracar asm habgcglml" ymsmr ydr yrqaoms ymrm cdj}qgs|mrbm* Laoa sar qjm habgcglml
kmjmlm* W asd as qjm la bms cdsms `s lghcgbas la bm bg|arm|qrm gjhmj|gb* Aj asa saj|gld |gaja qj
cd`yrd`gsd |gcd `s hrmjcd* Qjd" cd`d mlqb|d" yqala lafmr qj hgjmb mogar|d" yqala lafmr qj hgjmb
m`ogkqd" |rmomfmr cdj qj yarsdjmfa }qa jd smoa`ds `qw ogaj sg qogcmr cd`d qj erda d qj
xgbbmjd* Em`ba|" ydr afa`ybd" as qj krmj erda la bm gj|abgkajcgm w as qj xgbbmjd> dcmsgdjm qjm
cmj|glml la `qar|as |arrgobas" mbkqjms bms cd`|a b `gs`d" w as" lgkm`ds" ab yrg`ar gj|abac|qmb
cdj|a`ydrjad* Bm bg|arm|qrm ymrm mlqb|ds as| eacem la as|ms cdj|rmlgccgdjas* Aj cm`ogd" bm
bg|arm|qrm ymrm jgds laoa rasdbxar asds lgba`ms la `mjarm `qced `s hrmjcm*
KD_M
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
70/89
D|rm lgharajcgm as ab kqs|d ydr bm raya|gcgj* Ymrm bds mlqb|ds" bm rag|armcgj as moqrrglm* Ab
mlqb|d |gaja qj saj|gld lab as|gbd }qa ra}qgara la xmrgmcgdjas* Jd }qgara xar bd `gs`d d|rm xav* Aj
cm`ogd" ab jgd |gaja qj saj|gld rg|qmb la bms egs|drgms* ]qgara baar xagj|a xacas bm `gs`m egs|drgm w sa
lgxgar|a xagj|a xacas cdj ab `d`aj|d aj }qa qj yarsdjmfa lgca ab `gs`d cegs|a* Bms egs|drgms ymrm jgds
yqalaj qsqhrqc|qmr as|a saj|gld la bm raya|gcgj*
Hgjmb`aj|a" crad }qa ab bac|dr gjhmj|gb as ajdr`a`aj|a augkaj|a* Bm kaj|a yqala baar qj bgord ymrm
mlqb|ds ydr `dlm d ydr}qa qj m`gkd sa bds racd`ajl" d ymrm }qalmr ogaj cdj qj yrdhasdr }qa lgfd }qa
arm qj bgord gj|arasmj|a" d ydr}qa ygajsm }qa asa |a`m as sgkjghgcm|gxd" yard bds jgds jd* Bds jgds baaj
ydr kqs|d d jd baaj* Sdj `qw ealdjgs|ms w `qw augkaj|as* Aj asa saj|gld" ab lasmhd la cmy|qrmr sq
g`mkgjmcgj as `mwdr*
KD_M6 Ab crdjgs|m as qj yarsdjmfa g`ydr|mj|sg`d aj bm egs|drgm la bm bg|arm|qrm `augcmjm* Em hqjkgld
sg`qb|jam`aj|a cd`d bg|arm|d w cd`d cqs|dlgd lab racqarld" la bm egs|drgm* Lasla Oarjmb Lmv lab
Cms|gbbd ems|m ldj Bqgs Kdjvbav Dorakj" w" wm aj ab sgkbd UU" ldj Mr|a`gd lab Xmbba Mrgsya" Smbxmldr
Jdxd d Cmrbds @djsgxgs* Sa glaj|ghgcm qs|al la mbkj `dld cdj as|m hm`gbgm la crdjgs|ms4 Craa }qa bm
crjgcm }qa sa ascrgoa aj bm mc|qmbglml |dlmxm |gaja }qa xar cdj bd }qa emcmj as|ds yarsdjmfas4
FQMJ XGBBD_D6 Oarjmb Lmv lab Cms|gbbd |rm|m la kmjmr cdj bm ymbmorm qjm kqarrm }qa yarlg cdj bm
asymlm* b jd hqa qj cdj}qgs|mldr aug|dsd" jd sa ajrg}qacg cd`d d|rds sdblmlds la hdr|qjm> sq
cd`yajsmcgj as cdj|mr bm egs|drgm* Ab |gyd la crjgcm }qa b emca |gaja `qced }qa xar cdj qjm
mj|rdydbdkm mccglaj|mb ydr}qa lascrgoa qj `qjld }qa lascdjdca* As ml`grmoba }qa" sgj ymbmorms" sgj
xdcmoqbmrgd mlacqmld" bdkra |rmjs`g|gr bd }qa rayrasaj|m ymrm b qjm cgxgbgvmcgj mfajm* Aj asa saj|gld sa
|rm|m la qj yrdcasd la cdjdcg`gaj|d la bd d|rd* Wd `s ogaj ascrgod crjgcms la msqj|ds }qa jd
sga`yra cdjdvcd m hdjld yard }qa `a sdj yrug`ds* Aj as|a saj|gld as|dw `qced `s carcm la qj
edrgvdj|a cd|glgmjd*
Emw qjm bmrkm |ajlajcgm m ascrgogr crjgcm aj M`rgcm Bm|gjm w ydla`ds yajsmr aj crdjgs|ms
cd`d Fds @mr|" }qa wm sqajmj `qw `dlarjds ymrm jqas|rds dlds* Aj @ugcd" @mr|j Bqs Kqv`j as
qj mj|acalaj|a gjascmymoba* W `s carcm la jdsd|rds" ascrg|dras cd`d Kmorgab Kmrcm @r}qav" }qa hqa
qj `mkjhgcd crdjgs|m" jds emj lafmld ajsamjvms* Emw qjm sbglm |rmlgcgj la bm crjgcm aj M`rgcm
AJ \_ AX G S\ M C D J FQM J XGBBD_D
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8/9/2019 Quinto nmero- Octubre de 2008
71/89
Bm|gjm* Aj `g cmsd" ydr gj|arasas kajarmcgdjmbas" |m`ogj `a gjhbqw `qced bm crjgcm jdr|am`argcmjm" ab
krmj yargdlgs`d jdr|am`argcmjd la bds mds cgjcqaj|m ymrm mc" d }qgv la qj ydcd mj|as" la Ea`gjk{mw
ymrm mc* @a `mrc `qced" la `mjarm lgrac|m d gjlgrac|m ydr}qa" ydr afa`ybd" Ea`gjk{mw gjhbqw `qced
aj Xmrkms Bbdsm" aj Kmrcm @r}qav* M |rmxs la abbds bbakm hgb|rmld Ea`gjk{mw* D|rms gjhbqajcgms
g`ydr|mj|as ymrm ` emj sgld ascrg|dras jdr|am`argcmjds cd`d Jdr`mj @mgbar w \d` [dbha" w la bm
bg|arm|qrm gjkbasm" @mr|gj M`gs*
KD_M6 \m`ogj jds gj|arasmj bms rabmcgdjas
aj|ra bm algcgj w bm bg|arm|qrm* Ab yras|gkgmld
alg|dr w ascrg|dr asymdb Fdrka Earrmbla" la bm
alg|drgmb Mjmkrm`m" em ascrg|d |au|ds aj bds }qa sa
dcqym la sq rabmcgj cdj mbkqjds la bds ascrg|dras
cdj bds }qa em |rmomfmld* Aj|ra as|ds mq|dras" jd
ymsm gjmlxar|gld ab jd`ora la Fqmj Xgbbdrd* Cqb as bm g`ydr|mjcgm la qjm oqajm rabmcgj aj|ra ascrg|dr
w alg|dr ymrm bm cramcgj la dorms bg|armrgms la cmbglml w jd `ards yrdlqc|ds alg|drgmbas cd`d bds bbm`m
Fqmj Kdw|gsdbd4 Craa }qa bm algcgj as d|rm `mjarm la emcar bg|arm|qrm" d|rd kjard bg|armrgd4
FQMJ XGBBD_D6 As qjm rabmcgj jacasmrgm w yabgkrdsm" ydr `qcems rmvdjas* Yrg`ard }qa jmlm" as
g`ydr|mj|sg`m bm bac|qrm la bds d|rds* Ab ascrg|dr jqjcm as| |d