B GIO DC V O TOTRNG I HC BNH DNG

KHOA CNG NGH SINH HC

Bi Thuyt Trnh

TI:

QUI TRNH SN XUT NC KHONG NG CHAI

GVHD: Th.s:Dng Ngc DipSVTH: NHM 2

SVTH: 1.Nguyn Cng Bng 08070105 2.L Minh Nht 08070116 3.Bi Th Thanh Thy 08070124 4.V Trung Kin 08080126 5.Phm Minh Hng 08070135 6.Dng L Thu 08070138 7.Nguyn Th Khnh Sinh 07080155 8.Bi Minh Tin 08070196 9.Nguyn Danh Sn 08070203

I. Khi nim nc khongII. Cc thnh phn c trong nc khongIII. Qui trnh sn xut nc khong ng chaiIV. Kt lun

Lut khong sn nc khongl Nc thin nhin di t,c ni l ra trn mt t, ccha mt s hp cht c hottnh sinh hc vi nng caotheo quy nh ca Tiu chunVit Nam hoc theo tiuchun nc ngoi c Nhnc Vit Nam cho php pdng.

Nc khong l loi nc thinnhin c thnh phn v tnh chtc bit, nh cha mt s hpphn mui - ion, kh, cht hu cvi hm lng ln, nhit vtnh phng x cao..., c hot tnhsinh hc nn c tc dng chabnh hoc tc ng tt n sckho con ngi.

C th chia nc khong thnh hai loi: Nckhong cha bnh c khong ho cao khng vtqu ng trng ca huyt thanh hoc c mt haynhiu hp phn c tc dng c l mnh (loi nykhi ung cn c ch nh ca bc s)

Nc khong gii kht c khong ho thp, tcdng dc l nh, c th s dng rng ri

Na + 55 HCO3- 105

K + 2 Cl - 4,5

Ca ++ 1,6 SO4-- 6,5

Mg ++ 0,02 F- 1,7

Fe < 0,01 NO3-

Axt Metasilisic : vi hm lng 110 mg/l di dng khng thuphn c tc dng mnh i vi nhiu loi bnh thn kinh, t thp,ph khoa, bnh do chn thng, gip cho h thn kinh vn ngtt.

- Flo : Hm lng thp (1,7mg/lt ) so vi quy nh Nc khongng chai, hm lng ny c tc dng chng su rng rt tt, dnglu di khng s gy bnh Fluorose.

- Bicarbonat Natri v Kali: c tc dng gy t v gim au vimmc d dy, chng ln men, y hi, gim axit trong d dy.

- Clorua cao dng di dng tm ngm hoc ung c tc dng ttn tun hon ngoi vi, tng bi tit nc bt v dch v, kch thchnhu ng rut, tng bi tit Ure.

- Calcium gip cho xng cng, rng tt v c bpkhe mnh.

- Magnesium tham gia vo cc phn ng xc tc vknh thch thn kinh.

- Potassium duy tr s cn bng pH v cn thit chocc phn ng ho hc sn sinh nng lng trong c th.

- Sodium duy tr s cn bng lng cht lng trong cth v gip cho s vn ng ca h thn kinh.

1. X l ngun nc 2. Lc thm thu ngc 3. Ti dit khun bng tia cc tm 4. Giai on cui: ng chai

Hnh III.1: h thng x l nc khong

Hnh III.2: S dy chuyn sn xut nc ung ng chai tngun nc sau khi c x l s b

Ty theo quy m sn xut, nh u t c th chnngun nc thch hp. Nu sn xut vi khi lngln, nn chn ngun nc ging ngm. Nc ngmthng c cht lng n nh, thun tin cho vic xl v chi phi thp hn so vi x l cc ngun nckhc.

c ngun nc ngm khng b nhim khun, hmlng kim loi nng, phenol, cht phng x nmtrong tiu chun nc sinh hot l rt kh nn trc khia vo sn xut, bt buc phi lm xt nghim tngth v ty theo kt qu, c th phi qua mt hoc nhiucng on x l sau:

Nc c chy qua b lc vi vt liu l cc cht ckh nng xy ha mnh chuyn st 2 thnh st 3,kt ta v c x ra ngoi. Qu trnh ny cng ngthi x l mangan v mi hi ca kh H2S(nu c). Sau, nc c a vo sn xut hoc tip tc phi xl

Nc th c x l lc qua h trao i ion (CationAnion), c tc dng lc nhng ion dng (Cation):Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, V nhng ion m (Anion)nh: Cl-, NO3-, NO2-,... Nc c x l qua h thngny s c a vo bn cha hoc tip tc c x l

Dng b lc t ng xc x vi nhiu lp vt liu loi b bt cn th trn 5 micron, kh mi v mu(nu c):

Cc giai on trn thc cht l bo v, tng tuith ca h thng mng RO trong cng on sn xutchnh sau y

Nc c bm (cao p) qua h thng mng thmthu ngc (Reverse Osmosis).

Ty theo ch iu chnh, mng RO s cho khong25 - 75% lng nc tinh khit i qua nhng l lccc nh.

Phn nc cn li, c cha nhng tp cht, nhng ionkim loi ... s c x b hoc c thu hi quayvng.

Phn nc tinh khit khng cn vi khun, virus vcc loi khong cht t tiu chun nc ng chai sc tch tr trong bn cha kn.

Nc t ni sch n ni c nng mui cao hn

p sut cao y nc qua mng, n ni tinh khit

Hnh 2. Qu trnh lc nc qua mng RO

L mt mng mng lm t vtliu Cellulose Acetate,Polyamide hoc mng TFC cnhng l nh ti 0.001micron. Tt c cc mng nyu chu p sut cao nhngkh nng chu pH v chlorinekhng ging nhau, ty theotng nhn hiu. Mng lc RO

Vi tc v p lc cc ln,dng nc chy lin tc trnb mt ca mng RO. Mtphn trong s nhng phn tnc chui qua c nhngl lc. Cc tp cht b dngnc cun tri v thi b rangoi. Vi cch thc ny, bmt ca mng RO lin tcc ra sch v c tui thti 5 nm. Hinh 3: Mng lc RO

Trong qu trnh lu tr,nc tinh khit c khnng b nhim khun tkhng kh nn troc khing chai rt cn titit trng bng tia UV(Ultra-violet light) dit khun.

Sau a qua hthng lc tinh 0,2m loi b xc vi khun(nu c)

Hnh 4: h thng lc bng tia cc tm

Quy trnh: Cho ncchy qua mt ng kntrong c lp n cctm. Cc tia UV cphng vo dng nc.Cu trc DNA/RNA cavi sinh b thay i lmcho chng khng th tnti v sinh sn

Thit b lc nc bng tia cc tm

Tia cc tm mt tn s nht nhc th dit 99,99% vi khun nhngkhng loi b bt k tp cht g ctrong nc. Phng php ny sdng in v thng c ng dng cng on cui cng ca h thnglc nc. Khc vi un si, phngphp ny tit kim in v nhanhhn nhiu. y l phong php x lan ton nu kt hp thm vi loi lcThan hot tnh.

Mt on DNA ca vikhun trc khi b chiutia cc tm.

on gen b ph hy

Hnh 5: on DNA caVK b ph hy

4.1. Chun b np: Np c ly t kho a vo khu vc ra np ra bng

nc thnh phm qua 04 giai on nh: Giai on 1: Kim tra, ra ln 01 loi b cn trong qu trnh

vn chuyn, ln 2 ra sch chuyn qua giai on 2. Giai on 2: Ngm np ra bng dung dch tit trng. Giai on 3 v 4: Tng t nh giai on 1 v 2. Sau

a vo ngn cha np trong h thng chun b sn xut.

4.2. Chun b v bnh. Giai on 1: V bnh c tp trung ti

phng s ch ch ra sch s, xc raln th nht bng ha cht tit trngdng cho thc phm.

Giai on 2: Tit trng v bnh. V bnh tip tc c a vo my t

ng sc ra v phi trng li bng ncthnh phm (nc tinh khit).

Ha cht tit trng phi l loi ckim nghim, c tnh st trng mnhnhng khng li mi, phn hynhanh, khng nh hng n cht lngnc.

Giai on 3: V bnh c chuyn qua my chitnc, ng np t ng.

Giai on 4: Bnh c a qua bng ti, lc ny bphn KCS s kim tra bnh ln cui trc khi a rathnh phm.

Giai on cui Bnh thnh phm c chuyn quakho trung chuyn. B phn m bo cht lng kimtra ln cui. Sau hai ngy c kt qu kim nghimchuyn qua kho bo qun v phn phi.

Vic ghi nhn i vi nckhong thin nhin phi thchin theo TCVN 7087: 2002 ghinhn thc phm bao gi sn.

Tn gi ca sn phm phi lNc khong thin nhin kthp vi tn gi thng mi hoca danh ca ngun nc

Ghi nhn

Ghi ln nhn cc thnh phn c trng ca nckhong thin nhin:

Hm lng tng cht rn ha tan Hm lng natri Hm lng canxi Hm lng kali Hm lng magi Hm lng it Hm lng florua Hm lng HCO3

Khi sn phm cha nhiu hn 1mg/l florua th phi ghitrn nhn l c cha florua. Khi sn phm cha nhiuhn 2,0 mg/l florua th phi ghi trn nhn l Sn phmkhng thch hp cho tr di 7 tui.

Nc khong thin nhin ng chai c bo qun iu kin bnh thng. Trnh nh nng trc tip camt tri.Nc khong thin nhin ng chai c vn chuynbng cc phng tin vn chuyn kh, sch, c muiche trnh c ma nng, khng lm nh hng ncht lng sn phm.

Nc khong l mt loi thc ung rt tt cho sckhe con ngi b sung nhiu khong cht. Tuynhin khng c dng thay nc mc d khongcht c vai tr v cng quan trng vi c th nhngnu qu lm dng, n cng gy nhng hu qu xu chosc khe

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