questions from last class?. what is technology? any current events? technology & business in the...
TRANSCRIPT
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Questions from last class?
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What is Technology?
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Any current events?
Technology & Business in the
News?
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ASM is serious about prerequisites…
MGMT 300 - OperationsMGMT 303 - AccountingMGMT 306 - Diversity
MGMT 322 - Marketing
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•First Mossberg Write Uphttp://ptech.wsj.com/
Due February 7th Personal Technology column
comes out on Thursday in the WSJ
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Mgmt 450Chapter 1
Foundations of Information Systems in
Business
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Why do you need
to take this
class?
All managers, entrepreneurs and
business professionals need a basic understanding
of information systems
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Discussion question – page 61, #10
in chapter 2“We have learned that it is not
technology that creates a competitive edge, but the
management process that exploits technology.”
(Peter Keen – well regarded academic, consultant and speaker on IS topics)
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“There is no longer any distinction between an IT project and a business initiative. IT at Marriott is a key component of the products and services that
we provide to our customers and guests at our properties. As such, there’s very little that goes on within the company that either I personally or one
of my top executives is not involved in.”
Carl WilsonExecutive VP and CIOMarriott International
(page 5)
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“Executives need to stop looking at IT projects as technology installations and
start looking at them as periods of organizational change that they have a
responsibility to manage.”
Mastering the Three Worlds of Information Technology
Harvard Business Review, Nov 2006
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Does this mean that information systems is
the answers to everything?
(the magic pill or silver bullet?)
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2005 Survey – Financial Executives Research Foundation
(782 executives responding)
• 50% reported aligning business and IT strategy was a problem
• 51% reported major IT initiatives ran behind schedule and over budget
• 47% felt ROI was high for IT investments
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Why has TJX Companies (T.J. Max)
been in the news?
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Why has TJX Companies (T.J. Max) been in the news?
• $150 million in losses due to a massive security breach
• 45.6 million customer credit cards impacted over 18 months
• Lots of pending litigation
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Three Reasons to Learn This Stuff:
(page 7)
1. IS supports many business processes and operations
2. IS supports decision making for management and employees
3. IS supports business strategy and competitive advantage
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Information Systems (IS):
Organized combination of people, hardware,
software, communications networks, and data
resources that collect, transform, and
disseminate information (page 2)
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Knowledge workers:
Workers who use information and
knowledge as the raw materials of their work and the product of their
work.
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Digital Divide
•Technically savvy versus computer illiterate
• Unlimited access to technology versus limited/none
Social inequity that has emerged in the digital age
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System Development
Life Cycle
(page 17):
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Components of a system (page 31):
BabyFood
1. Input
2. Processing
4. Output
5. Feedback
6. Monitoring/Control
3. Storage
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1. Input 2&3. Processing & Storage
4. Output
6. Monitoring/Control
5. Feedback
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Resources (page 28)
People
Hardware
Software
Networks
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Data …
• Raw facts • Observations• Not processed (yet)• Not meaningful to
the audience/reader
Lindsey
100
791545
Mann
Naranjo
1200
Meleh
yes
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Information …
• Processed data– Summarized
– Organized
– Labeled
• Meaningful to the audience
Monthly Sales Report for West Region
Sales Rep: Charles MannEmp No. 791545Item Qty Sold PriceTM Shoes 1200 $100
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Discussion Question #4(page 34)
Why do big companies still fail in their use of information technology?
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“Most managers feel ill equipped to navigate the
constantly changing technology landscape and thus
involve themselves less and less with IT.”
Mastering the Three Worlds of Information Technology
Harvard Business Review, Nov 2006
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Chapter 2Leveraging
Technology for a Competitive
Advantage
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January 2008 – Harvard Business ReviewFive Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy
www.hbr.org
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Basic Competitive Strategies
Cost LeadershipCost Leadership
DifferentiationDifferentiation
InnovationInnovation
GrowthGrowth
AllianceAlliance
Figure 2.2 – page 43
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Strategic Information Systems Page 40
Any kind of IS that uses information technology to help an organization:
• Gain a competitive advantage
• Reduce a competitive disadvantage
• Meet other strategic enterprise objectives
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Examples of how companies have used information technology to implement the
five competitive strategies
Page 46 – Figure 2.4
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Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
Page 51
Fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business process to achieve
dramatic improvements in cost, quality, speed, and service.
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See quotation on the changing competitive environment
page 55
“Agile Competitors and Virtual Organizations: Strategies for Enriching the Customer”
Steven Goldman, Roger Nagel, Kenneth Preis
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Measuring success & failure with ITpage 15
IS need to be measured NOT ONLY by its efficiency (minimize costs, time & use of
information resources) BUT
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Measuring success & failure with IT page 15
Also measure EFFECTIVENESS of IS in: • Supporting an organization’s business strategy
• Enabling its business processes
• Enhancing its organizational structures & cultures
• Increasing customer & business value
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Measuring success & failure with IT page 16
IS can be mismanaged and misapplied in such a way that IS performance problems create both technological and business failure.
… so technology is not the silver bullet that solves all the problems…
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Six IT Decisions Your IT People Shouldn’t Make
HBR Nov 2002
•How much should we spend on IT?
•Which business processes should receive our IT $$?
•Which IT capabilities need to be companywide?
•How good do our IT services really need to be?
•What security & privacy risks will we accept?
•Whom do we blame if an IT initiative fails?
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Textbook Breakdown
• Foundation
• Technologies
• Business Applications
• Development
• Management Challenges
We will spend the next 4 weeks here!
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Assignment for next class
• Read “Electronic Birth Registration in Bangladesh” on page 17
• Real World Case #1 Continental Airlines
• HBR article excerpt re: 5 competitive forces
• Be prepared for discussion
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Forces That Shape CompetitionThe configuration of the five forces differs by industry. In the market for commercial aircraft, fierce rivalry between dominant producers Airbus and Boeing and the bargaining power of the
airlines that place huge orders for aircraft are strong, while the threat of entry, the threat of substitutes, and the power of suppliers are more benign. In the movie theater industry, the
proliferation of substitute forms of entertainment and the power of the movie producers and distributors who supply movies, the critical input, are important.
The strongest competitive force or forces determine the profitability of an industry and become the most important to strategy formulation. The most salient force, however, is not always obvious.
For example, even though rivalry is often fierce in commodity industries, it may not be the factor limiting profitability. Low returns in the photographic film industry, for instance, are the result of a superior substitute product—as Kodak and Fuji, the world’s leading producers of photographic
film, learned with the advent of digital photography. In such a situation, coping with the substitute product becomes the number one strategic priority.
January 2008 – Harvard Business ReviewFive Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy
www.hbr.org
** This article is currently available in full for free from the HBR web site