question mark

• Question Mark

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Question mark

1 The question mark glyph is also often used in place of missing or unknown data


Question mark - History

1 Lynne Truss attributes an early form of the modern question mark in

western language to Alcuin|Alcuin of York.Lynne Truss



1 Parkes, Pause and effect: punctuation in the west, ISBN

0-520-07941-8.[http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mquestionmark.htm The Straight Dope on the question mark] (link down) Over the

next three centuries this pitch-defining element (if it ever existed) seems to have been

forgotten, so that the Alcuinesque stroke-over-dot sign (with the stroke sometimes slightly

curved) is often seen indifferently at the end of clauses, whether they embody a question or

not.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-question-mark-toolkit.html


1 According to a 2011 discovery by a Cambridge manuscript expert, Syriac

was the first language to use a punctuation mark to indicate an

interrogative sentence. The Syriac question mark has the form of a

vertical double dot.


Question mark - Scope

1 In English, the question mark typically occurs at the end of a

sentence, where it replaces the full stop (period). However, it may also

occur at the end of a clause or phrase, where it replaces the

comma:See also question comma.



1 This is quite common in Spanish, where the use of bracketing question marks explicitly marks the scope of

interrogation.



1 A question mark may also appear immediately after questionable data, such as

dates:



1 However, interrogative requests typically use a full stop (period) rather than a question

mark:


Question mark - Opening and closing question marks

1 In Spanish language|Spanish, since the second edition of the Ortografía

of the Royal Academy in 1754, interrogatives require both opening

and closing question marks. An interrogative sentence, clause, or phrase begins with an Inverted question mark and exclamation

point|inverted question mark and ends with the question mark , as in:



1 Question marks must always be matched, but to mark uncertainty rather than actual interrogation

omitting the opening one is allowed, although

discouraged:[http://lema.rae.es/dpd/srv/search?key=interrogacion#3d

Interrogación y exclamación (signos de). Punto 3d.]



1 The omission of the opening mark is common in informal writing, but is

considered an error. The one exception is when the question mark

is matched with an exclamation mark, as in:



1 (The order may also be reversed, opening with a question mark and closing with an exclamation mark.)

Nonetheless, even here the Academy recommends matching punctuation:[http://lema.rae.es/dpd/srv/search?

key=interrogacion#3b Interrogación y exclamación (signos de). Punto 3b.]



1 Other languages of Spain, such as Galician, also use the inverted opening question mark, though

usually only in long sentences or in cases which would otherwise be

ambiguous.


Question mark - Armenian question mark

1 In Armenian alphabet|Armenian the question mark ( ՞ ) takes the form of an open circle and is placed over the last vowel of the question word. It is

defined in b:Unicode/Character reference|Unicode at .


Question mark - Greek question mark

1 In Greek language|Greek and Church Slavonic language|Church Slavonic, the question mark is a semicolon.

The regular Latin semicolon can be used . Although it exists a separate character , the regular semicolon is

well used.


Question mark - Mirrored question mark

1 In Arabic language|Arabic and languages that use Arabic script such as Persian language|Persian and Urdu, which are written from right to left, the question

mark ؟ is mirrored right-to-left from the English question mark. (Some browsers

may display the character in the previous sentence as a forward question

mark due to font or text directionality issues).


Question mark - Mirrored question mark

1 Hebrew language|Hebrew and Yiddish are also written right-to-left, but they use a question mark that appears on the page in the same

orientation as the Roman-alphabet question mark.Truss, Lynne. Eats,

Shoots Leaves, 2003. p. 143. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.


Question mark - Fullwidth question mark

1 The question mark is also used in modern writing in Chinese language|

Chinese, and Japanese language|Japanese, although it is not strictly

necessary in either. Usually it is written as fullwidth form in Chinese

and Japanese, in Unicode: .


Question mark - In other scripts

1 Some other scripts have a specific question mark:


Question mark - Stylistic variants

1 French usage must include a non-breaking space (punctuation)|space before the question mark (for example,

),[http://books.google.fr/books?id=wJgVAQAAIAAJq=%22The+regies+for+French+marks+of+punctuation,+for+example,+include+the+semi-colon+among+the+signes+doubles+%28semi-

colon,+colon,+exclamation+mark,+interrogation+mark%29+to+be+preceded+by+espace+double%22dq=

%22The+regies+for+French+marks+of+punctuation,+for+example,+include+the+semi-colon+among+the+signes+doubles+%28semi-

colon,+colon,+exclamation+mark,+interrogation+mark%29+to+be+preceded+by+espace+double

%22hl=frei=xvRXTtjlIs3c4QS_-aGTDAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA

Book typography, Ari Rafaeli, 2005] whereas in the English language orthography no space is allowed in front of the question mark (e.g


Question mark - Rhetorical question mark

1 This character can be represented using the reversed question mark () found in Unicode as

U+2E2E



1 Bracketed question marks can be used for rhetorical questions, for example Oh, really(?), in informal

contexts such as Closed captioning|888 subtitles. For an ironic or

sarcastic statement, a bracketed exclamation mark may be used: Oh,

really(!).



1 The question mark can also be used as a meta-sign to signal uncertainty

regarding what precedes. It is usually put between brackets (?). The

uncertainty may concern either a superficial (such as unsure spelling)

or a deeper truth-conditional semantics|truth (real Meaning

(philosophy of language)|meaning) level.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-question-mark-toolkit.html

Question mark - Computing

1 In computing, the question mark character (computing)|character is represented by ASCII code 63 (0x3F

hexadecimal), and is located at Unicode Universal Character Set|code-point U+003F. The full-width (double-byte) equivalent, ' ？ ', is

located at Unicode code point U+FF1F.



1 In the Mac OS, option+shift+?

produces an inverted question

mark.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-question-mark-toolkit.html


1 The question mark is used in ASCII renderings of the International

Phonetic Alphabet, such as SAMPA in place of the glottal stop symbol, ,

(which resembles ? without the dot), and corresponds to Unicode code point U+0294, Latin letter glottal

stop.



1 In OCaml, the question mark precedes the label

for an optional parameter



1 In this situation it is common to replace each unmappable character with a question mark “?”, inverted question mark “¿”, or the Unicode

replacement character “�” (U+FFFD, usually rendered as a white question

mark in a black diamond)


Question mark - Games

1 In Scrabble, a question mark

indicates a blank tile.


Question mark - Mathematics

1 In mathematics, ? commonly denotes Minkowski's question mark function. In equations, it can mean questioned

as opposed to defined.


Question mark - Medicine

1 A question mark is used in English medical notes to suggest a possible diagnosis. It facilitates the recording of a doctor's impressions regarding a

patient's symptoms and signs. For example, for a patient presenting with left lower abdominal pain, a

differential diagnosis might include ?Diverticulitis (read as 'Query

Diverticulitis').https://store.theartofservice.com/the-question-mark-toolkit.html

Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Usage

1 The inverted question mark (¿) is a punctuation mark written before the first

letter of an interrogative sentence or clause to indicate that a question follows. It is an

inverted form of the standard symbol ? recognized by speakers of languages written with the Latin alphabet. In most languages, a single question mark is used, and only at the

end of an interrogative sentence: How old are you? This was once true of the Spanish

language.



1 The inverted question mark was adopted long after the Real

Academia's decision, published in the second edition of (The Orthography

of the Royal Academy) in 1754 recommending it as the symbol

indicating the beginning of a question in written Spanish— (How

old are you?)



1 In sentences that are both declarative and interrogative, the

clause that asks a question is isolated with the starting-symbol

inverted question mark, for example: (In case you cannot go with them,

would you like to go with us?)



1 Some writers omit the inverted question mark in the case of a short

unambiguous question such as: (Who comes?). This is the criterion in

Catalan language|Catalan. Certain Catalan-language authorities, such

as Joan Solà, insist that both the opening and closing question marks

be used for clarity.



1 Some Spanish-language writers, among them Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda, refuse to use the inverted

question mark.Pablo Neruda, , (June 2008)


Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Mixtures of question marks and exclamation points

1 Although it has now become rare, it is correct usage in Spanish to begin a

sentence with an opening inverted exclamation mark (¡) and end it with a question mark (?), or vice-versa, for

statements that are questions but also have a clear sense of

exclamation or surprise such as: (Who do you think you are?!)


Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Input methods

1 Users of English (US) keyboards under Microsoft Windows can obtain the inverted question mark ¿ using

the Alt code|Alt code method by holding down the Alt key and

pressing 0191, 6824, or 168 on the number pad and the inverted

exclamation mark ¡ with number pad code 0161 or 173


Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Input methods

1 For instance, the keystroke Right-Alt-1 produces an inverted exclamation

mark, while Right-Alt-/ yields the inverted question mark.


Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Input methods for LaTeX

1 In LaTeX documents, the ¿ is written as ?` (question mark, backtick), and ¡

as !` (exclamation point, backtick).


Minkowski's question mark function

1 In mathematics, the 'Minkowski question mark function' (or the

'slippery Singular function|devil's staircase'), denoted by , is a Function (mathematics)|function possessing various unusual fractal properties,

defined by


Minkowski's question mark function - Definition

1 This monoid is sometimes called the 'period-doubling monoid', and all

period-doubling fractal curves have a self-symmetry described by it (the de

Rham curve, of which the question mark is a special case, is a category

of such curves)


Minkowski's question mark function - Properties of ?(x)

1 The question mark measure is the prototypical example of what are

sometimes referred to as multifractal|multi-fractal measures.



1 The question mark function maps rational numbers to dyadic rational|dyadic rational numbers, meaning

those whose Binary numeral system|base two representation terminates, as may be proven by induction from the recursive construction outlined

above



1 The question mark function has Fixed point (mathematics)|fixed points at 0, 1/2 and 1, and at least two more, symmetric about the mid-point. One

is approximately 0.42037.



1 The graph of Minkowski question mark function is a special case of fractal curves known as de Rham

curves.


Hebrew punctuation - Period, question mark, exclamation mark, comma

1 Periods (full stops), question marks, exclamation marks, and commas are used as

in English.


Hebrew punctuation - Period, question mark, exclamation mark, comma

1 (Some browsers may display the character in the previous sentence as a forward question mark due to font or text directionality issues.) Hebrew

language|Hebrew is also written right-to-left, but uses a question

mark that appears on the page in the same orientation as the English

⟨?⟩.Truss, Lynne


Japanese punctuation - Question mark

1 The question mark|question or interrogation mark ( 疑問符 gimonfu, はてな hatena) replaces the full stop at the end of an

interrogative sentence. The question mark character is also often used in place of missing or unknown data. There is no

question mark in formal Japanese (even questions ending in か (-ka) take the full

stop), but it is very commonly used, especially in casual and creative writing and

in manga.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-question-mark-toolkit.html

Therapy? - Question mark suffix

1 Much has been made over the years of the unusual question mark suffix to the band's

name


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question mark

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