Quest for EmpireChapter 22

Imperialism

I. Remake the world in the American image!

1. Imperialism – imposition of control over other people

1. Colonies2. 1880 to 1914active imperialism.3. More markets = more power!

II. HAWAII

1. In 1890 USN Cpt. Alfred T. Mahan 2. “Influence of Sea power Upon History”

3. Strong Navy!! 4. Need colonies for bases; way stops5. Andrew CarnegieShips need steel!!

HAWAII (cont’d)

6. HI

7. Sugar cane; fruit stories. 8. By 1890 – native Hawaiians;40% of pop.9. White Americans dominated society

HAWAII (cont’d)

10. January 1893 – Queen Lil overthrown 1. Hawai becomes a republic2. Sanford B. Dole!!!

11. 1898 –HI becomes a territory 1. 1959 became the 50th state in the

union

III. Cuba

1. Cuba sugar plantations;tobacco;cigars2. Spain harsh over Native Cubans → denied

independence3. 1895 – Jose Marti launches a revolution from

America.

Cuba (cont’d)

4. American “Yellow” Press generated American sympathy

5. Exaggerated stories about the Cubans and the Spanish

6. Americans protest “reconcentration” 7. “Cuba Libre”rallying cry 8. Hearst: “you furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the

war.”

Cuba (cont’d)

9. U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor

10. Press accused Spain of sabotage! 11. Realityboiler exploded12. “Remember the Maine”

Cuba (cont’d)

13. McKinley sends Spain an ultimatum:1. End fighting 2. End reconcentration3. Accept U.S. arbitration of conflict

14. April 19th, 1898 1. U.S. Congress declares Cuba independent 2. Spain ordered to withdraw3. Authorized President to use military force 4. Teller Amendment

Cuba (cont’d)

15. Spain declares war!

IV. THE SPANISH – AMERICAN WAR

1. 1st battleThe Philippines April 11, 18982. Islands held key strategic purposes3. Commodore George Dewey;Asst. Secretary

of Navy Theodore Roosevelt

THE SPANISH – AMERICAN WAR (cont’d)

4. America’s 1st war overseas5. Many volunteered 6. Rough Riders7. Press made TR a hero and household name

THE SPANISH – AMERICAN WAR (cont’d)

8. TRcharge up San Juan Hill 9. The war lasts 3 months – the summer of ’9810. “splendid little war”11. 5,400 Americans died – but only 379 from

actual combat12. Rest died of disease

THE SPANISH – AMERICAN WAR (cont’d)

13. Peace Treaty of Paris – 189814. Cuba independent15. U.S. gets Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam16. Platt Amendment 17. U.S. gets military bases 18. Cuba can’t sign treaties against American

interests 19. The U.S. can intervene

V. ASIA AND SPHERES OF INFLUENCE

1. “open door policy”2. “SPHERES”

VI. AMERICA INVADES LATIN AMERICA

1. Cuba still occupied by U.S. 2. North America benefits not the Cubans 3. U.S. corporations get more than 60% of

Cuba’s rural lands 4. U.S. marines prevent rebellions

AMERICA INVADES LATIN AMERICA (cont’d)

5. Panama Canal6. Pacific and Atlantic Oceans quicker

World War I

I. Initial Neutrality

1. American Neutrality2. Wilson issues neutrality proclamation on

August 4, 1914.3. By 1917, U.S. became a major supplier of

Allied munitions, food, and raw materials.

II. Submarine Crisis: Road to War in Europe

1. 1915, Germans began use of U-Boats submarines

2. Began to attack unarmed British passenger ships.

3. Lusitania-British liner sunk of the coast of Ireland on May 7, 1915.

4. Arabic is sunk 5. “Arabic Pledge”—Germans will not attack

unarmed passenger vessels.

Submarine Crisis: Road to War in Europe (cont’d)

6. The Sussex Pledge (Ultimatum)1. The pledge was: If ALL U-boat attacks on ALL

ships did not stop, Wilson would sever all German relations.

Submarine Crisis: Road to War in Europe (cont’d)

7. Jan. 31, 1917-Germany would sink all ships, belligerent or neutral

8. Germany could win if they cut off the flow of supplies to the Allies.

9. Feb.3, 1917—U.S. ends diplomatic relations with Germany

10. U.S. merchant ships were sunk.

Submarine Crisis: Road to War in Europe (cont’d)

11. Zimmerman Telegram12. From German foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman13. U.S. receives it Feb. 24, 191714. Mexico should attack the U.S.15. The “lost territories” of TX, NM, and AZ would then

be returned to Mex.16. March 1, 1917-Released to the American public;

war with Germany was necessary.

III. Impact of the War at Home1. Wilson :”War to end all Wars”2. Jan. 1918—Wilson announces his Fourteen Points.3. Wilson wants “peace without victory”---the victors

would not be vindictive toward the losers.1. Abolishing secret treaties,2. Freedom of the seas,3. Free trade, 4. Arms reduction, 5. end of colonization

Impact of the War at Home (cont’d)

4. 14th Point—Wilson considered the most important

5. Called of a “general association of nations” to preserve the peace (League of Nations)

6. The U.S. many opposed it.7. U.S. does not ratify TOV

The “Big Four”

• Wilson GeorgeWilson

George

Clemenceau

Orlando