quantum field theory in curved spacetimervidal).pdf · birrel and davies, quantum fields in curved...

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Quantum Field Theory In Curved Spacetime José Roberto Vidal Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

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Page 1: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Quantum Field TheoryIn Curved Spacetime

José Roberto VidalUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid

Page 2: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Why QFT in curved ST?

Page 3: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Why QFT in curved ST?

Page 4: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Why QFT in curved ST?

Page 5: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Why QFT in curved ST?

Page 6: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

 A la Weinberg

Particles vs. fields

Page 7: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

 A la Weinberg

The Poincaré group tells the whole story:

● Based on symmetries

Particles vs. fields

Page 8: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

 A la Weinberg

We need the Fock space.

And so on...

● Based on symmetries

● Multiparticle states

Particles vs. fields

Page 9: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

 A la Weinberg

● Based on symmetries

● Multiparticle states

● Quantum fields are just a tool.

Products of fields

Particles vs. fields

Page 10: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

A la Peskin­Schroeder

● We start with a classical system.Classical people: 

Poisson, Lagrange, Hamilton...

Particles vs. fields

Page 11: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

A la Peskin­Schroeder

● We start with a classical system.

● Canonical quantization.

Diagonalization throughFourier transform:

Particles vs. fields

Page 12: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

A la Peskin­Schroeder

● We start with a classical system.

● Canonical quantization.

● A beatiful metaphore.

Particles are quantized                  excitations of the field

Particles vs. fields

Page 13: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Part I

QFT in curved ST is like Schwinger effect!

Page 14: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

1+1 FRW universe

Page 15: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

1+1 FRW universe

Page 16: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

     In modes

Page 17: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

And so on...No particles in the dinosaurs era

     In modes

Complete and normalized basis

Page 18: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

    Out modes

Page 19: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

And so on...No particles in the spacecrafts era

Complete         too!!

    Out modes

Page 20: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

?

?

Particles from nowhere

Page 21: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Particles from nowhere

Page 22: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Particles from nowhere

Page 23: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Particles from nowhere

Page 24: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Particles from nowhere

Page 25: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Particles from nowhere

Page 26: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

General formalism● Space plus time

Suitable spacetimes

??Clear separation between space an time

Page 27: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

General formalism● Space plus time

Clear separation between space an time

Page 28: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

General formalism● Space plus time

● Solve field equation

Find a complete and normalized collection of modes.

Page 29: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

General formalism● Space plus time

● Solve field equation

Find a complete and normalized collection of modes.

Page 30: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

General formalism● Space plus time

● Solve field equation

Find a complete and normalized collection of modes.

Page 31: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

General formalism● Space plus time

● Solve field equation

● Quantize!

We get automatically awell defined field operatorplus a Hilbert space

The

pyramid

once

again

Page 32: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

General formalism● Space plus time

● Solve field equation

● Quantize!

● Ambiguity

Differents sets of modes give rise to differents “particles”.

Page 33: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

General formalism● Space plus time

● Solve field equation

● Quantize!

● Ambiguity

Differents sets of modes give rise to differents “particles”.

Bogoliubov transformations

Page 34: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

General formalism● Space plus time

● Solve field equation

● Quantize!

● Ambiguity

● And much more!

Many other observables

● Expectation values

     EM Tensor

● Transition rates

Page 35: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Part II

QFT in curved ST is not Schwinger effect!

Page 36: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

This is not Schwinger effect!

Page 37: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

What particles?!?

Page 38: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

What particles?!?

Page 39: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Bonus

Horizons and temperature

Page 40: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Bonus 1: Minkowski STAccelerated observer

Page 41: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Bonus 2: de Sitter ST

Time

Horizo

n

Page 42: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Bonus 3: Black Holes

Page 43: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Accelerated observer

Unruh effect

Page 44: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Unruh effect

Rindler ST

Page 45: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Unruh effect

And of course        we already had

Page 46: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Unruh effect

Final surprise!

Page 47: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

Hawking Radiation

Two kinds of observers/vacua

or

Anyway

when comparing             or

Page 48: Quantum Field Theory In Curved SpacetimeRVidal).pdf · Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity R. Wald, Quantum Field

● Birrel and Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space

● V. Mukhanov, Introduction to Quantum Effects in Gravity

● R. Wald, Quantum Field Theory in Curved Space­time and Black Hole Thermodynamics

● S.A. Fulling, Aspects of Quantum Field Theory in Curved Space­Time

Further reading