quantifying the greenhouse gas benefits of agricultural - eve
TRANSCRIPT
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Quantifying the Greenhouse Gas Benefits of AgriculturalConservation and Management
Marlen EveUSDA Office of the Chief Scientist
Soil and Water Conservation Society, Greensboro, NC, 27 July 2015
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• Project partner: ICF International, Diana Pape and team.
• Lead Authors: Stephen Ogle (CSU); Wendy Powers (MSU); Coeli Hoover (FS)
• Numerous authors, experts, contributors and reviewers.
• Tool Building: Colorado State University; U.S. Forest Service; NRCS
Quantifying Greenhouse Fluxes in Agriculture and Forestry: Methods for Entity-Scale Inventory
Acknowledgements
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Goal: To create a standard set of GHG quantification methods and tools for landowners, USDA, and other stakeholders.• Phase 1: Report outlining comprehensive science-based
methods for entity-scale GHG estimation.• Phase 2: Develop a user-friendly tool that follows the
methods report to provide land owners and managers with reliable and understandable estimates of GHG emissions and C sequestration.
Greenhouse Gas Quantification Methods and Tools for Managers of Integrated Production
Systems in the U.S.A.
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REPORT LAYOUT AND CONTENT
• Executive Summary• Introduction• Considerations• Crop and Grazing Lands• Wetlands• Animal Systems• Forest lands• Land Use Change• Uncertainty Assessment
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/estimation.htm
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The Methods Report is designed to be:• A scientifically vetted means for USDA to provide
local-scale, standardized and transparent estimation of GHG fluxes
• Consistent with the USDA and EPA national GHG inventories
• Aligned with NRCS’s COMET Farm and other USDA GHG tools.
• Coordinated with water quality or other tools to assess environmental services benefits
THE USDA GHG METHODS
5
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Scientific Experts
Public Comment, Final Inter-Agency and USDA Review
May 2012
Feb – March 2013
Sept - Oct 2013
Final Report ReleaseJuly 2014
Science-Based Methods
USDA Tech. Rev.
CCPO
Oct 2011
Inter-Agency Tech. Rev.
May 2012
CHALLENGE: Vetting the methods. Establishing the rigor and transparency of the report.
29 scientific reviewers
38 expert authors
Federal agency experts
21 subject matter experts
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1.Transparency2.Consistency 3.Comparability 4.Completeness 5.Accuracy 6.Cost effectiveness 7.Ease of use
BALANCING ACT Maximize accuracy … but maintain ease of use Complete … but cost effective Stand alone … but consistent and comparable Transparent … but with scientific rigor … and user-friendly
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
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CHALLENGE: Capturing management of the whole operation
Animal Feeding
Operation Lago
ons
Pasture
Crop
TreesTr
ees
Wetland
Forest
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Cropland Grazing Land Livestock
Managed WetlandsForestry Agroforestry
• Fertilizer management• Tillage management• Crop rotations• Cover cropping• Water or residue
mgmt in cultivated rice• Drainage• Irrigation• Biomass burning
• Fertilizer management• Grazing management• Species enhancement• Drainage• Irrigation• Prescribed burning
• Species mix• Biomass
management• Water management
• Animal housing• Feeds and additives• Feeding management• Manure collection and
storage• Composting• Land application of
manure
• Thinning and harvest• Fertilizer management• Species management• Irrigation• Biomass burning• Planting/re-establishing• Clearing and/or land
conversion
• Windbreaks• Alley cropping• Silvopasture• Riparian forest buffers• Forest farming• Species
selection/mgmt• Cropping system/mgmt
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Other equations, emission factors, or new hybrid approaches.
USFS Tools like FVS, FOFEM, and iTree
ARS Tools like DairyGEM, the work of
Rotz and others
CHALLENGE: Bringing all the methods together into a seamless estimation tool.
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COMET-FarmExample: Corn-Soybean Rotation in IowaTillage Reduction
1. Map Your Field:
2. Describe Historic Management:
3. Describe Current Management, Conservation Scenarios
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COMET-FarmCorn-Soybean Rotation in Iowa, Cont’dTillage Reduction
4. Generate Reports:
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COMET USDA GHG Tool
Output Reporting forGHG Decision Support, Quantification and Documentation
Ener
gy U
se
Crop
land
/ G
razi
ng L
and
Live
stoc
k
Entity-Scale GHG Methods Report
Rese
arch
and
Dat
a
REVISIT / REVISE / UPDATE
R&
D
VA
LID
AT
ION
VE
TT
ING
IMPLEMENTATION
IPCC Tier 1
Fore
stry
USDA Forest C Tool
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• Extrapolating from sites to all areas of the U.S.
• Accounting for Climate / soils / management interactions
• Comprehensively accounting for all cropping systems and practices– Agroforestry– Specialty crops– Cover cropping– Fertilizer application– Soil Amendments
• Uncertainty Assessment 14
CHALLENGES:
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Thank you!
Marlen Eve U.S. Department of AgricultureOffice of the Chief [email protected](202) 720-9131
www.usda.gov/climatesolutions
CONTACT INFORMATION