Quantifying intangible values

KGA172 Space, Place and NaturePresented by Associate Professor Elaine StratfordSemester 2

LOOKING BACK, LOOKING FORWARD

Part 1

Revising Lecture 3.3

1. Why is it important to acknowledge that no paradigm or world view is ‘innocent’ or value free?

2. Define wilderness, focusing on ancient and more modern interpretations. What does the shift in meaning reveal to you about world views in relation to nature and place?

3. Describe the problem of assigning the term ‘wilderness’ to areas where indigenous peoples have lived. Is it possible to overcome that problem by reconfiguring the meaning of wilderness?

4. Name and describe the functions or purposes of the main forms of protected areas as designated by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.

5. What are the three broad objectives of protected area management?

6. Five threats typify protected areas and their management today. What are these and how do they arise?

7. In the context of wilderness management, what are the benefits of remoteness? Auguste Rodin, A man thinking

Learning ObjectivesModule 3 Lecture 4• be able to

– deepen your grasp of some of the different strengths of quantitative and qualitative methods

– delineate the contingent meaning of the terms quantification, intangible and values

– describe some of the ways in which intangible values can be quantified

– appreciate the worth of a case study approach to understanding the topic

KGA172• Know and be able to (a) employ basic

geographical terminology and concepts, (b) find, evaluate, analyse and reference appropriate literature, (c) contribute to debates about development and sustainability

• Comprehend and be able to explain spatial patterns, generate basic maps, field sketches and graphs, and communicate in written and graphical forms

• Apply key academic skills and (a) engage in critical thinking, discussion and listening, and in self-reflection and reflection upon the viewpoints of others and (b) research, plan and conduct fieldwork to collect data

• Analyse and interpret basic spatial, numerical and qualitative information

• Synthesize and integrate knowledge of social and Earth systems

Textbook Reading

Keohane, N.O. & Olmstead, S.M. (2007) Markets and the Environment, Island Press, Washington, pp. 33-43. On MyLO

Tyrvainen, L., Makinen, K. & Schipperijn, J. (2007) Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning 79 (1), pp.5-19.

Critical reading1.What is the author’s purpose?2.What key questions or problems does the author raise?3.What information, data and evidence does the author present?4.What key concepts does the author use to organize this information, this evidence?5.What key conclusions is the author coming to? Are those conclusions justified? 6.What are the author’s primary assumptions?7.What viewpoints is the author writing from?8.What are the implications of the author’s reasoning?[from Foundation for Critical Thinking]

A man in a library

INTANGIBLE VALUESPart 2

What value to ascribe to place?

Whose place for what ends?

CASE STUDYPart 3

Tyrväinen, Makinen & Schipperijn (2007, p.7)

Tyrväinen, Makinen & Schipperijn (2007, p.14)

Tyrväinen, Makinen & Schipperijn (2007, p.7)

What are the social values of urban woodlands?

• How much and what kinds of green areas should be provided for residents in urban areas?

• Do suburban green areas provide high-quality benefits for residents?

• Where do residents find attractive and meaningful green areas and what are the characteristics of these areas?

Survey also asked about negative values of unpleasantness, scariness and noiseTyrväinen, Makinen & Schipperijn (2007, p.14)

Tyrväinen, Makinen & Schipperijn (2007, p.14)

Tyrväinen, Makinen & Schipperijn (2007, p.10)

80% very important17% relatively important

Tyrväinen, Makinen & Schipperijn (2007, p.10)

Tyrväinen, Makinen & Schipperijn (2007, p.10).

Tyrväinen, Makinen & Schipperijn (2007, p.12)

Thematic map for each quality was plotted from the votes received per area

Positive and negative placevalues neatly refuse to correspond

TYPOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUESPart 4

Economic valuation method

Surrogate valuation Direct valuation

No observable market data (stated preference)

Observable market data (revealed preference)

Simulated valuation

Contingent valuation

Hedonic pricing

Travel cost

Replacement cost

Example: Water treatment cost

Recreation value

Example: Scenic value

Non-market economic values (existence, option, bequest)

Economic valuation method

Surrogate valuation Direct valuation

No observable market data (stated preference)

Observable market data (revealed preference)

Simulated valuation

Contingent valuation

Hedonic pricing

Travel cost

Replacement cost

Example: Water treatment cost

Recreation value

Example: Scenic value

Non-market economic values (existence, option, bequest)

Economic valuation method

Surrogate valuation Direct valuation

No observable market data (stated preference)

Observable market data (revealed preference)

Simulated valuation

Contingent valuation

Hedonic pricing

Travel cost

Replacement cost

Example: Water treatment cost

Recreation value

Example: Scenic value

Non-market economic values (existence, option, bequest)

Economic valuation method

Surrogate valuation Direct valuation

No observable market data (stated preference)

Observable market data (revealed preference)

Simulated valuation

Contingent valuation

Hedonic pricing

Travel cost

Replacement cost

Example: Water treatment cost

Recreation value

Example: Scenic value

Non-market economic values (existence, option, bequest)

Economic valuation method

Surrogate valuation Direct valuation

No observable market data (stated preference)

Observable market data (revealed preference)

Simulated valuation

Contingent valuation

Hedonic pricing

Travel cost

Replacement cost

Example: Water treatment cost

Recreation value

Example: Scenic value

Non-market economic values (existence, option, bequest)