Quality TVET for Skills Readiness in the 21st Century

Ramhari Lamichhane, PhDDirector General, CPSC

Manila, PhilippinesInternational Skills Conference

Dhaka, Bangladesh2 February 2020

Presentation Outlines

Introduction

Key Components of Quality TVET

Major Challenges Of TVET

Conclusions

Way Forward

Global Trends of 21st Century

Challenges of TVET

Mismatch between

Demand & Supply

Fast Changing the

pattern of labourmarket

Sustainable Financing

Social Recognition

Global Labor Mobility: Future Trends

5

-17

+5

+3

Mexico

USA

Brazil

Spain

Germany

Ireland

France

UK

-2

-3

-3

0

-3

-6

China

Egypt

Russia

+4 +3

Malaysia

Israel

Iran

0

-0.5

+4

+5

Australia

Indonesia

+1

-9

Japan

+19Pakistan

+5Philippines

-3

Italy +2Turkey

-1Czech

+7

Bangladesh

+47India

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Boston Consulting Group analysis – ratio of working-age to total population kept constant

Thailand

Potential Surplus Working Age Population 2020 (millions):

ASEAN

SAARC

Figure 1: Difficulty Filling Vacancies in Asia and the Pacific

Figure 2: Changing Economic Structure by Share of

Employment

“Quality is not act. It is a habit.”

~Aristotle

What is Quality?

• Accuracy of result to the target.

• Degree of satisfaction of customer on product, service or a system.

• Quality is determine by context or situation

• Proxy Quality Indicator for TVET is

“Gainful Employment of Graduates”

Meaning of Quality (Akrani, 2010)

Meaning Description Meaning Description1. Fitness for

Purpose

Possess good quality, work well for purposefor which it is meant

7Durability

It should give efficient andconsistent performance.

2 Conformance to requirements

Customers’ needs are assessed andtranslated into product design for specificapplications.

8Safety

Safe and Foolproof workability

3 Grade/Quality Characteristics

Distinguished from others in features,appearance, performance, life andreliability, taste, odor, maintainability

9

Affordability

Should be economical

4Degree of preference

Preferred over products of similar gradebased on comparative tests, customers’feedback analysis

10

Maintainability

Easy to maintain

5 Degree of Excellence

Fulfill Promises made to customers 11Aesthetic look

Look attractive

6 Suitability Specific application12 Economical

Versatility

Reasonable price

7 ReliabilityGive Efficient and consistent performance Serve number of purposes

Competencies for Quality TVET

Personalities TraitsAbilities

Kn

ow

led

ge

Skill

s

Att

itu

des

Basic Competencies

Competencies

Dr.RHL/Competencies for Master Trainer/2018

Quality Assurance in Education System

National Education Policy,National Qualification FrameworkNational Education Strategy Plan

INPUTS•Curriculum•Text Books•Teaching

Materials•Human

Resources•Other Resources

PROCESS•Teaching Pedagogy•Evaluation & Certification

OUTPUTGraduates

OUTCOMES•Employment•Living Standard•Social Harmony•GDP

Monitoring and Evaluation of Educational Programs © Dr. RLamichhane

What is Management?

Management

(Appropriate mix of 6 Ms)

Men/

women

Money

Machines/Technology

Materials

Methods

Markets

What is System?

• Well defined process to perform activities for achieve targets

• System is system of sub-system

Inputs

• Curricula• Teacher• Money• Machines• Infrastructures• Students

Process

• Course Delivery• Methodologies• Methods &

Approaches• Networking• Operational

Management

OutputsGraduates

What is Quality Management System?

Ecosystem of Quality Management System

People

Program

Customer

Process

Commitment

4 Ps + 3 Cs

TQM Concepts

Quality elements Previous State TQM

Definitions Product oriented Customer’s oriented

Priorities Second to service and costFirst among equals of serviceand cost

Decisions Short term Long term

Emphasis Detection PreventionErrors Operation SystemResponsibilities Quality control EveryoneProblem solving Managers TeamsProcurement Price Life cycle costs

Manager’s role Plan, assign, control, and enforceDelegate, coach, facilitate and

mentors

Basics of TQM

PDCA in TVET Institute

TVET Institute

Plan

Do

Check

Act

• Quality Policy

• strategic plan

• Operation Plan

• HR Plan

• Image building Plan

• Financial Plan

Manage

Infrastructure and

equipment

Recruit Staff

Train Staff

Develop/Revise

Curricula

Conduct Courses

• Supervision and

monitoring

• Program evaluation

• Tracer Study

Develop new

standard, baseline

Feedback

management

Recommend for

change based on

learning

ISO as quality Improvement System

Customers and Other

Interested Parties

Requirements

Resources

Management

Measurement,

Analysis,

Improvement

Output

Customers & Other

Interested Parties

Satisfaction

ProductRealization Product

Management

Responsibility

Plan

Do

Do

Act

Continual Improvement with Risk Based Thinking

TQM: Education Sector

11 steps were suggested to start TQM applications in educational institutions.

1. Obtain commitment to Total Quality from the top management.

2. Recognize your institution as a system with interacting subsystems.

3. Identify all the customers and stakeholders

4. Develop a shared vision and mission

5. Develop goals and objectives

6. Identify processes and study the impact of each major process.

7. Form cross-functional teams to improve processes

8. Training of all teams consistent with their job

9. Implement the system to hold the gains that are made (Sustainability)

10. Document all improvement exercices

11. Repeat steps 1 to 10

Who Benefits from QMS?

QMS

TVET Institutions

Employers

Students

Parents

Country

21st Century Skills Framework

Source: www.21stcenturyskills.org/route21

Core Subjects and 21st Century Themes

Core Subjects

21st Century Themes

• Global Awareness• Financial, Economic,

Business and Entrepreneurial literacy

• Civic Literacy • Health Literacy

Other Skills under 21st Century Framework

Learning & Innovation Skills

•Critical Thinking & Problem Solving

•Creativity & Innovation

•Communication & Collaboration

Information, Media & Technology Skills

• Information Literacy

•Media Literacy

• ICT (Information, Communications & Technology) Literacy

Life & Career Skills

- Flexibility & Adaptability - Initiative & Self-Direction

- Social & Cross-Cultural Skills - Productivity & Accountability

- Leadership & Responsibility

Satisfaction of Employers

• academic achievement in a suitable discipline• literacy • numeracy • basic computer skills • time management skills• written business communication skills• oral communication skills • interpersonal skills • team working skills • problem solving skills • comprehension of business processesSource: ACNielsen Research Services, 2000

Conclusion!

“If you satisfy your stakeholders, they will satisfy you”.

“Competent Graduates is the focal point for TVET quality achievement.

Quality in the product/service is impossible without quality in the process.

Quality in process is impossible without the right organization.

The right organization is meaningless without proper leadership.

Strong, bottom up commitment is the support pillar for all the rest.

Each pillar depends upon the other four, and if one is week, all are.”

Therefore, future challenges for us is how to create TVET Ecosystem to address future demand.

The Five Trend Shaping the Future of Work (Video)

Therefore, TVET for

Teach Mind

Train Hand

Touch Hearts

Transform Lives

Quality Indicators of Education Programs

Input Indicators

•Curriculum Mix•School facilities•Teachers Competencies•Student Composition

Output Indicators

•Perception of students, parents and society on educational standard•Students

performance in major domains•Graduation

rate

Process Indicators

•School Culture•School Management•Teaching Pedagogy•Personal Growth of Students•Networking with other bodies

Outcome Indicators

• Gainful Employment

• Civic Citizen

© Dr. RLamichhane

Thank You!